CN102960212A - All-branch grafting method for fruit tree - Google Patents
All-branch grafting method for fruit tree Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a full-branch grafting method for a fruit tree and belongs to the technical field of agriculture. The method comprises the following steps: (1), scion selection and storage, wherein the scions are collected and are subjected to moisture-holding storage at a low temperature after being sealed by wax; (2), old tree shaping, wherein the tree is shaped at the height of 2.5-3.5 m, unwanted side branches are removed, and 3-5 important main branches are reserved; (3), punching, wherein punching is performed at the smooth part of a selected big tree trunk or a principle branch side surface with the scion interval of 19-21 cm; (4), grafting, wherein the well cut scion is inserted into a stock notch by the right hand to reach an extent that the lower end of the scion is propped against the bottom of the stock notch, and the scion and the stock are in alignment and close contact on two surfaces; (5), binding up, wherein a layer of mulching film plastic cloth is bound up at the scion part, and two layers bound up at the non-scion part; and processes such as bud picking, water fertilizing, wind protection, disbranching, spraying and insect prevention are carried out after grafting. According to the invention, the grafting technology has the advantage that the fruit bearing area of the old tree is increased, and also has the advantages of high survival rate, thriving tree vigour, high yield, quickness in shaping, simplicity in maintenance and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the full limb grafting method of a planting fruit-trees, be applicable to many kinds such as peach, apricot, pears, apple, belong to agricultural technology field.
Background technology
The renewal of fruit variety is the important step of modern agricultural development.In recent years, its renewal speed has presented quickening trend.The new varieties price is high, profitable, deeply be subjected to liking of orchard worker and consumer, but this has also brought another problem, is exactly the going or staying in old kind orchard, owing to lack at present suitable graft technology, a lot of peasants cut down old fruit tree short-sightedly, plant new varieties, formed the huge waste of resource, also destroyed greatly ecotope, the example of cutting thornbuss, apple tree that occurs a few years ago, all of common occurrence.How to allow the orchard worker can utilize new graft technology, transform old kind, obtain new income? this has been a nationwide difficult problem.
The new varieties grafting in past, normally " grafting high and changing head ", it is exactly the limb top in old fruit tree, new varieties in the grafting, in the hope of high yield, but often things turn out contrary to one's wishes, because grafting point is very few, cause photosynthesis and self growth of trunk to conflict, be easy to cause tree vigo(u)r not prosperous, 1 year slower development, even cause the danger of dead tree, so, in the last few years, the orchard worker with grafting new varieties more, mostly was to cut down the veteran kind newly to set seldom, according to incompletely statistics, the Jinan City is in first 5 years of apple variety renewal, and the orchard worker has just cut down nearly 100,000 mu fruit tree, has planted new red fuji apple, so everybody is difficult to see micro state's light now, the kinds such as big country's light.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has overcome the problem that prior art exists, and provides a planting fruit-trees full limb grafting method, and this grafting method breeding then survival rate reaches more than 90%; See that then fruit strain rate reaches more than 50%.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: the full limb grafting method of a planting fruit-trees, it is characterized in that, comprise scion selection and storage, veteran shaping, punching, by insert, wrapping and maintenance step, it is characterized in that,
(1) selection of scion, storage
The elite stand of taking scion should be that tree vigo(u)r is strong, the high yield middle age tree without damage by disease and insect of fine quality; The sturdy developmental branch in annual periphery or the fruit bearing shoot of selecting growth to enrich, in the winter time or gather scion early spring, moisturizing under low temperature after the scion of sealing with wax (temperature requirement is lower than 4 ℃, and humidity reaches more than 90%) is stored, and takes out during to grafting.
The scion of sealing with wax: scion cut cut, the scionwood segment length is 10-15 centimetre, keeps 3 more than the bud, the full bud of top tool; First industrial paraffin is placed on heating and melting in the container during sealing wax, when treating 95 ℃-102 ℃ of wax temperature, the scionwood Duan Yitou that shears is dipped in rapidly (time was generally 0.1 second in 1 second) in wax liquid, change again other end speed and dip in.Require not stay the space of not dipping in wax in the scion, the wax layer of middle part can slightly have overlapping, regathers storage after the scion of sealing with wax will cool completely fully.
(2) veteran shaping
The height of tree according to 2.5-3.5 rice is finalized the design, and removes unwanted other branch, stays 3-5 major branch, removes Lao Pi and cicatricle on trunk and the major branch, forms comparatively smooth surface, is convenient to next step punching, cuttage and wrapping.
(3) punching
On orthopedic large tree trunk or major branch side, choose smooth place, according to the requirement of scion spacing 19-21cm, with horizontal cutter one shovel of flat chisel, horizontal cutter place is downcut with flat chisel by 2 ± 0.2cm place above this shovel more first, this part bark is taken off, closely be connected with stock in order to scion, then at horizontal cutter one shovel place, with from the top down straight partial application of flat chisel, bevel than scion is slightly long, forms stock to be grafted;
(4) by inserting
Scion is whittled into wedge shape, and (be preferably: splay downwards in scion base portion 3 centimeters, from the superficial to the deep, the inclined-plane requires flat, cuts over there a less inclined-plane; Then respectively cut one in its both sides apart from the little inclined-plane of 2 ± 0.1 centimetres of scion base portion length).Then scion is cut off in the straight partial application of 0.5 ± 0.1 centimeters above bud, forms the simple bud scion.
Carry out grafting when the mobile cortex of resin in the early spring easily exsomatizes, the right hand is arrested and has been cut in the scion insertion stock otch, and the lower end pushes against stock mouth bottom, faces standard and is adjacent to for two of scion and stock.
Can punch simultaneously on described trunk two faces relative with major branch and peg graft scion.Gave birth in general 10 years 50-100 scion of tree just can, but 100 of more large-tree-shaped also graftings are more than the scion.
(4) wrapping
All wrapping is tight grafting part to use the mulch film Polypropylence Sheet, and the number of plies of wrapping has strict control, has scion place only to wrap up one deck, can wrap up two-layer without scion place.
(4) connect rear management
Bud picking: the rudiment (tiller) of sprouting on the stock of should in time erasing after the grafting survives and normal growth in order to buddering.Bud picking makes sure to keep in mind to open the Polypropylence Sheet of bondage, and bud can be worn out Polypropylence Sheet and grow voluntarily, otherwise can open the bud bud of dying.
Rich water: buddering to survive enters vigorous period, strengthens rich water and supplies with.
Windproof: after scion grew up to new branch more than the 30cm, the waddy with the long 80-100cm of diameter 3cm was strapped on the stock, and the upper end is drawn young sprout and tied up on it, and each joint all will be tied up a rod, in case windbreak.
Except branch: after sprouting of buddering, taking out the tip, growth, repair autumn then except auxiliary support branch 1/3, Second Year repair again spring except auxiliary support branch 1/3, Second Year all repaiies and remove remaining auxiliary support branch autumn.The principle of this technology also is one and progressively adjusts the supply of nutrient and the process of " wean " progressively.And take auxiliary support branch to carry out the progressively high-grafting fruit tree of pruning technique, and the growth potential of buddering is strong, and it is fast that tree crown recovers, and the branch sunscald is few.
Spray medicine insect protected: subject to causing harm of insect in early spring most to germination period after the grafting, in time spray the medicine control.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) graft technology of the present invention has brought as a result area change of old fruit tree., greatly increase than the as a result area of any graft technology in the past with the upper part grafting from the trunk of fruit tree, almost be the 3-5 of old technical graft area doubly;
(2) survival rate of the present invention is high, tree vigo(u)r is vigorous.Because the Quantity of the scion of the grafting of new technology is numerous, has guaranteed the improved photosynthesis of large tree, the nutrient that tree root is drawn can be in numerous scion, be converted into the energy of itself, the nutrition flow equalization of tree root, trunk, treetop survives easily, almost not dead tree phenomenon;
(3) the tree-like quick formation of high yield.It is tree-like very good that graft technology of the present invention is transformed, and to tree-like transformation, comprises the skin of peeling old man, the transformation that cuts other branch before the grafting, determined the first step of new varieties grafting success, and be the disposable fruit shape of having determined that high yield is easily plucked;
(5) maintenance is simple and easy.Scion after the grafting all is wrapped in the plastic film, and water loss is few, and wound healing is fast, does not need to remove plastic film, orchard worker oneself just can safeguard after sprouting, and has greatly improved survival rate.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of scion of the present invention, and wherein a figure is the side view of scion, and b figure is the front elevation of scion;
Fig. 2 is the plugboard chart of scion of the present invention and stock;
Fig. 3 is grafting pearl oil apricot picture then;
Fig. 4 is the pearl oil apricot of grafting Second Year " full bearing period picture.
Embodiment
The grafting of embodiment 1(pearl oil apricot)
The Taiyi Mountains zone of Jinan City, Shandong Province Mountain Areas of Southern, the apricot resource has surpassed 300,000 mu, almost account for 1/5 of Jinan forest fruit resource, but because eat raw the mouthfeel acid, processing difficulties, picking period of apricot fruit such as concentrate at the shortcoming, having caused in recent years, the fresh fruit price goes way down.Pearl oil apricot is to eat, process dual-purpose apricot improved seeds raw, and proterties is stable, wide adaptability, and strong stress resistance, the self-flowering fruiting rate is high, high and stable yield, fruit quality is good.Therefore grafting pearl oil apricot has great importance on original apricot.
(1) selection of grafting time: ideal when the mobile cortex of resin in the early spring easily exsomatizes.The healing of Cambium tissue is best during with 22 ~ 26 ℃ of monthly mean temperatures, relative moisture 70% ~ 80%.Just rained or temperature is crossed and low too highly all should not be carried out grafting.
(2) choosing of scion: the elite stand of taking scion should be that tree vigo(u)r is strong, the high yield middle age tree without damage by disease and insect of fine quality; The sturdy developmental branch in annual periphery or the fruit bearing shoot of selecting growth to enrich in the winter time or gather scion early spring, generally gather in conjunction with pruning, and with cutting with adopting, are a bundle by kind 50 or 100, and hang up label.The moisturizing of sealing with wax after the scion under low temperature is stored, and takes out during to grafting.
The scion of sealing with wax: scion cut cut, general scionwood segment length is 10-15 centimetre, keeps 3 more than the bud, the full bud of top tool, and what branch was excessively thick should be a little longer, and thin is unsuitable long; First industrial paraffin is placed on heating and melting in the container during sealing wax, when treating 95 ℃-102 ℃ of wax temperature, the scionwood Duan Yitou that shears is dipped in rapidly (time was generally 0.1 second in 1 second) in wax liquid, change again other end speed and dip in.Require not stay the space of not dipping in wax in the scion, the wax layer of middle part can slightly have overlapping, regathers storage after the scion of sealing with wax will cool completely fully.
The storage way: conventional storage way is after the fringe bar is adopted back arrangement, to in time be placed on dark cellar for storing things or the interior storage of cavern of low temperature moisturizing, temperature requirement is lower than 4 ℃, humidity reaches more than 90%, when in the cellar for storing things, preserving, fringe bar Lower Half should be embedded in the wet sand, the upper half is exposed, use wet husky isolation between bundle and the bundle, entrance of cellar will cover tightly, and keeps cooling in the cellar for storing things, can store like this to late May to early June, want the temperature of running check sand and the humidity in the cellar for storing things at duration of storage, prevent that the heating of fringe bar from going rotten or dehydration is air-dry.
(3) grafting method:
The veteran shaping: shaping work is the first step of graft technology, also is an important step, and she has determined following tree-like quality and the quality of grafting quality.Should finalize the design according to the height of tree of 2.5-3.5 rice, namely meet and pluck easy principle, remove unwanted other branch, stay 3-5 major branch, our image to be referred to as " catapult fork " tree-like, then, need to remove Lao Pi and cicatricle on the trunk, form comparatively smooth surface, be convenient to next step punching, cuttage and wrapping.
Punching: punching is second step.On the large tree trunk that cuts or major branch side, choose smooth place, according to the requirement that once forms the high yield tree crown, generally apart from the requirement of a scion of 20cm, shovel with the horizontal cutter one of flat chisel first, horizontal digging out downcut with flat chisel by the 2cm place on this shovel again, this part bark is taken off, closely be connected with stock in order to scion, then at horizontal cutter one shovel place, straight partial application is slightly more longer than scion bevel from the top down with flat chisel according to the length of scion, requires otch straight.
By inserting: scion is whittled into wedge shape, can cuts in the following way and cut: splay downwards in scion base portion 3 centimeters, from the superficial to the deep, the inclined-plane requires flat, cuts over there a less inclined-plane; Then respectively cut one the surface width on little inclined-plane is 0.5-1cm apart from the little inclined-plane of 2 ± 0.1 centimetres of scion base portion length in its both sides, and scion is cut off in the last straight partial application of 0.5 centimeters above bud, forms the simple bud scion, and the scion of cutting as shown in Figure 1.The right hand is arrested and has been cut in the scion insertion stock otch, and the lower end pushes against stock mouth bottom, faces standard for two of scion and stock and is adjacent to, and inserting mode as shown in Figure 2.Gave birth in general 10 years 50-100 scion of tree just can, but 100 of more large-tree-shaped also graftings are more than the scion.
Wrapping: this is last procedure, also is considerable operation, and Packer people selects degradable mulch film Polypropylence Sheet, and all wrapping is tight grafting part.The number of plies of wrapping has strict control, has scion place only to wrap up one deck, can wrap up two-layerly without scion place, and when requiring wrapping, as playing gaiter, disposable finishing guaranteed the seal at scion position from top to bottom, and this also is the essential step of decision survival rate.
(4) connect rear management:
Bud picking: normal sprouting a lot of rudiments (tiller) on the stock after the grafting, should in time erase, survive and normal growth in order to buddering.Bud picking should repeatedly be erased early, in case cause a large amount of nutrient losses, the impact growth of buddering makes sure to keep in mind to open the Polypropylence Sheet of bondage, and bud can be worn out Polypropylence Sheet and grow voluntarily, otherwise can open the bud bud of dying.
Rich water: buddering to survive enters vigorous period, needs a large amount of nutriments, must strengthen rich water and supply with, and carries out spray leaf fertilizer in conjunction with the extermination of disease and insect pest, and looks soil moisture content and pour water in good time.
Windproof: the important step that to tie up windproof rod be maintenance.After scion grew up to new branch more than the 30cm, the waddy with the long 80-100cm of diameter 3cm was strapped on the stock, the upper end is drawn young sprout and is tied up on it, and each joint all will be tied up a rod, in case windbreak, also the part long shoot can be used the cotton rope stretch bending, be fixed on trunk or the ground.
Remove branch: wipe out auxiliary support branch is an important link in batches, should the auxiliary support branch stretching that keep be fixed in line with cutting less the principle of staying more, is beneficial to the ventilative printing opacity of trees.The high-grafting of part fruit tree, green sprouting is arrived later in the time in 5-7 month then buddering, if take to repair the rudiment except auxiliary support branch and the whole appearance in vegetative period of erasing, will make fruit tree serious sunscald occur, and a little less than the growing way of buddering, height connects the branch of kind simultaneously, " Huang Ye " and " nutritional deficiency " phenomenons such as " floral leaves " also can appear in bud, the branch that also has, the tip that bud is extracted out then is dead because high temperature and drought dries up in summer and autumn, it is withered dead very to cause whole strain, and particularly the age of tree is large, budder and few tree more obvious, and take auxiliary support branch to carry out the progressively high-grafting fruit tree of pruning technique, the growth potential of buddering is strong, and it is fast that tree crown recovers, and the branch sunscald is few.Its method is after the sprouting of buddering, taking out the tip, growth, the situation of recovering growth according to tree crown repair autumn then except auxiliary support branch 1/3, Second Year repair again spring except auxiliary support branch 1/3, Second Year all repaiies except remaining auxiliary support branch autumn.The principle of this technology also is one and progressively adjusts the supply of nutrient and the process of " wean " progressively.
Spray medicine insect protected: subject to causing harm of insect in early spring most to germination period after the grafting, in time spray the medicine control.
This grafting method breeding then survival rate reaches more than 90%; See that then fruit strain rate reaches more than 50%.Its as a result situation that reaches then the 2nd year is distinguished as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4.
Claims (7)
1. the full limb grafting method of a planting fruit-trees is characterized in that, comprise scion selection and storage, veteran shaping, punching, by insert, wrapping and maintenance step, it is characterized in that,
(1) selection of scion, storage
The elite stand of taking scion should be that tree vigo(u)r is strong, the high yield middle age tree without damage by disease and insect of fine quality; The sturdy developmental branch in annual periphery or the fruit bearing shoot of selecting growth to enrich, in the winter time or gather scion early spring, after the scion of sealing with wax under low temperature moisturizing store, take out during to grafting;
(2) veteran shaping
The height of tree according to 2.5-3.5 rice is finalized the design, and removes unwanted other branch, stays 3-5 major branch, removes Lao Pi and cicatricle on trunk and the major branch, forms smooth surface;
(3) punching
On orthopedic large tree trunk or major branch side, choose smooth place, requirement according to scion spacing 19-21cm, first with horizontal cutter one shovel of flat chisel, horizontal cutter place is downcut with flat chisel by 2 ± 0.2cm place above this shovel again, this part bark is taken off, then at horizontal cutter one shovel place, with from the top down straight partial application of flat chisel, form stock to be grafted;
(4) by inserting
Scion is whittled into wedge shape, and scion is cut off in the then straight partial application of 0.5 ± 0.1 centimeters above bud, forms the simple bud scion; The early spring resin flow and to carry out grafting when cortex easily exsomatizes, the right hand is arrested and has been cut scion and insert in the stock otch, the lower end pushes against stock mouth bottom, being adjacent in the face of standard with two of stock of scion;
(5) wrapping
All wrapping is tight grafting part to use the mulch film Polypropylence Sheet, has scion place only to wrap up one deck, and is two-layer without scion place wrapping;
(6) connect rear management
To carry out after the grafting bud picking, rich water, windproof, except branch and spray medicine insect-prevention treatment; Can not open the Polypropylence Sheet of bondage during described bud picking; Describedly be treated to except branch: after sprouting of buddering, taking out the tip, growth, repair autumn then except auxiliary support branch 1/3, Second Year repair again spring except auxiliary support branch 1/3, Second Year all repaiies and remove remaining auxiliary support branch autumn.
2. the full limb grafting method of a planting fruit-trees as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, punches simultaneously on described trunk two faces relative with major branch and pegs graft scion.
3. the full limb grafting method of a planting fruit-trees as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, 50 scion of at least grafting are set in life in described 10 years.
4. the full limb grafting method of a planting fruit-trees as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, the shear method of cutting of described scion is: splay downwards in scion base portion 3 centimeters, cut over there a less inclined-plane; Then respectively cut one in its both sides apart from the little inclined-plane of 2 ± 0.1 centimetres of scion base portion length.
5. the full limb grafting method of a planting fruit-trees as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, the described scion of sealing with wax is: scion is cut cut, the scionwood segment length is 10-15 centimetre, keeps 3 more than the bud, the full bud of top tool; First industrial paraffin is placed on heating and melting in the container during sealing wax, when treating 95 ℃-102 ℃ of wax temperature, the scionwood Duan Yitou that shears is dipped in wax liquid rapidly, change again other end speed and dip in, do not stay the space of not dipping in wax in the scion.
6. the full limb grafting method of a planting fruit-trees as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, described windproof being treated to: after scion grows up to new branch more than the 30cm, waddy with the long 80-100cm of diameter 3cm is strapped on the stock, the upper end is drawn young sprout and is tied up on it, each joint all will be tied up a rod, in case windbreak.
7. the full limb grafting method of a planting fruit-trees as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, moisturizing is stored and required temperature to be lower than 4 ℃ under the described low temperature, and humidity reaches more than 90%.
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| CN103960063A (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2014-08-06 | 伍广俊 | Fruit tree grafting method |
| CN105145548A (en) * | 2014-06-05 | 2015-12-16 | 祁居寿 | Preservation method of nursery stock scion by dipping scion in wax |
| CN104285746A (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2015-01-21 | 南京农业大学 | Branch supplementation method for overcoming pear tree branch lack caused by freezing injury |
| CN105557318A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-05-11 | 河北省林业科学研究院 | Grafting method for apple tree |
| CN106069213A (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2016-11-09 | 杨兆权 | A kind of method of veteran high position grafting |
| CN106718117A (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2017-05-31 | 史占彪 | A kind of fruit-tree grafting technology |
| CN107278626A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-10-24 | 巫山县振兴农牧科技开发有限公司 | A kind of fruit-tree grafting method |
| CN107455218A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2017-12-12 | 合肥果成科技有限公司 | A kind of old fruit tree becomes strong method |
| CN107750694A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-03-06 | 荔浦县万家兴果蔬专业合作社 | A kind of high-yield method of Ponkan |
| CN108307829A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-07-24 | 河北润丰林业科技有限公司 | A kind of stock stays branch shade to promote grafting survival method |
| CN108040649A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-05-18 | 薛凤梧 | The branches of tall trees swap method of pear tree |
| CN109496578A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-03-22 | 南京科森挤出装备有限公司 | Branch tree root vehicle cylinder and trunk branch bore the engrafting method of the seamless cooperation of circular hole |
| CN109691311A (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2019-04-30 | 天津农学院 | A kind of high fruit-tree grafting method for meeting saving of labor |
| CN109997541A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-07-12 | .鄢陵县林业科学研究所 | A kind of seedling grafting management method |
| CN114747376A (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2022-07-15 | 路萍 | High-grafting head-changing cultivation method for apple trees |
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