CN102960167A - Method for propagating Amorphophalms konjac by bud scratching - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for propagating Amorphophalms konjac by bud scratching, and belongs to the technical field of economic crop cultivation. The method comprises technical steps of the selection of underground konjac tubers, the bud scratching technology, the bud cone disinfection and sterilization technology, a bud cone dehydration method, the bud cone storage technology and the bud cone cultivation. The method can effectively utilize the underground tubers of the konjac, uses the konjac tubers heavier than 500 g to produce starch after the buds are spent, increases by over 6 times than the seed origin, and has an important practical significance in promoting the fast development of the konjac production. The technology disclosed by the invention has notable economic and social benefit.
Description
Technical field: the present invention relates to economic crops, particularly the seed propagation method of economic crops.
Background technology: konjaku (formal name used at school: Amorphophalms konjac), You Cheng Amorphophalus rivieri taro.Be the general term of Araeceae, Amorphophallus plant, have another name called terrible taro, ghost head, flower lotus bar, SHENLIUGU etc.The underground stem tuber of konjaku is oblate, and konjaku is starch-containing 35%, protein 3%, and the mineral matter element such as multivitamin and potassium, phosphorus, selenium, also contain the konjac polysaccharide that necessary for human is wanted, namely glucomannan reaches more than 45%, and has the characteristics of low in calories, low fat and high-cellulose.The underground stem tuber of konjaku can be processed into the numerous food such as konjak tofu, Konjak fine dried noodle, konjaku bread, konjaku sliced meat, fruit juice konjaku silk.That konjak food has is hypoglycemic, hypotensive, reducing blood lipid, body-building and weight-reducing, the effect such as anticancer of curing the disease, and is described as " magic power food ", " magical food ", " healthy food " etc. by people.Konjaku is manually to extract one of minority plant of glucomannan.Glucomannan viscosity extra-high-speed, water-soluble, dilation is especially big in water, has specific biologically active.Except medical science, glucomannan all has been widely used at aspects such as weaving, printing and dyeing, cosmetic, pottery, fire-fighting, environmental protection, military project, oil exploitations.
Konjaku is perennial herb, and plant height can reach 1 meter, oblate spherical, the meat of stem tuber, bronzing, diameter can reach more than 20 centimetres, and leaf is extracted out from stem tuber central authorities, and is upright, handle is longer, Bluish white, and blade is large, 3 times pinnation, oblong, tip is point gradually, be unified into wing with petiole, full edge, bear at calyx stem tuber top, base portion has several lepidiod leaves coated, spathe mulberry, the anxious point of tip.Spadix, flat, for long, puce is spent aubergine, and is little smelly than spathe, and berry is spherical, yellow green when ripe.The florescence 7-8 month, the fruit phase 9-10 month.
Konjaku mainly originates in the torrid zone, the Eastern Hemisphere, subtropics, and China is one of original producton location, and all there is distribution in the province mountain areas such as Sichuan, Hubei, Yunnan, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan.Amorphophallus species is a lot, and there is more than 260 kind in the whole world according to statistics, and what China was on the books is 21 kinds, and wherein 9 kinds is that China is peculiar.China just began cultivating konjak before more than 2,000 years, edible history is also quite long, konjaku passes to Japan from China, liked by the Japanese, almost the every meal of each household must be eaten it, also remain up to now Japan's most popular elegant food among the people, and Japanese health ministry also must there be konjak food in the clear students in middle and primary schools pantry.At present, Japan has been maximum in the world konjak food consumer nation, and simultaneously, konjaku also united state health organization is defined as one of ten large health foods.
Konjaku is one of main amylum crops of China, it also is the Important Economic plant of hill farmer tradition plantation, traditional konjaku production mainly is from the konjaku root-like stock with planting, be commonly called as " horsewhip ", konjaku seed (being sexual propagation) is although also be one of provenance, but the public taro that can set seeds generally is the wherein part of plantation more than 3 years, and germination rate is low, therefore produces and does not generally adopt.It is one of approach that obtains in a large amount of seeds that tissue is cultivated, but it is too high to cultivate cost, and using does not aborning have practical significance.Because the konjaku stem tuber that can produce the whip taro generally will be planted 2-3 and just can be obtained, and quantity generally only has 4-8, so reproduction coefficient is extremely low.The finiteness of seed source becomes the most important bottleneck that the restriction konjaku is produced.The technological invention people finds in long-term practice, causes the main cause of these phenomenons:
The one, the whip taro limited amount that the underground stem tuber of konjaku can grow, growth more than 3 years the single konjaku stem tuber phase whip taro amount that focuses on about 1000 grams generally be no more than 6, a year reproduction rate of planting ball is lower than 1: 3.The 2nd, these whip taros can become also only having about 80% of seed by normal growth.Therefore, solve the seed source problem and become quickening konjaku production basic premise.Utilize detoxification breeding and seminal propagation cost high, common peasant is difficult to be promoted in actual production, so its utilization prospect is very limited.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the invention is to the deficiency for the prior art scheme, a kind of new method is provided for konjaku seminal propagation, open up the new approach of seed source, reduce the seminal propagation cost, accelerate the process that konjaku is produced.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of stingy bud propagation method of konjaku in turn includes the following steps:
A, scratch bud tool making method: one side about will No. 8 circle silk Duan Yiduan 5cm of long 20cm hammer out with the cutter shape of sword, then will be with blade to divide the slightly bending of hammer system.Inlay the 12cm wood-handle at the other end, one stingy bud cutter.
B, the selection of scratching the block stem of bud konjaku: choose the provenance that diameter is scratched bud greater than 10cm without the block stem conduct of the ripe konjaku of scab.Residue stem tuber behind the stingy bud can not remake kind of a usefulness, should be in time as processing raw material use.
C, stingy bud technology: will be placed on the plank without the block stem of the konjaku that cleans, with the left hand stem tuber of holding with a firm grip, the right hand is held and is scratched the bud cutter, centered by eye, become 30 degree angles to be inserted into the axial line of bud with scratching the bud cutter with bud towards a left side, at distance bud 2cm place with carbendazim liquid sterilization rear knife edge, take bud as the center of circle, take distance bud heart 2cm as radius, left hand is along returning the clockwise horizontal rotary konjaku stem tuber that circles, one breaks away from the band bud hemisphere of the nearly cone of parent, take out gently band bud hemisphere, a seed bud just obtains.1 the 300 above konjaku stem tuber of gram, can pluck out from 1 terminal bud to several resting buds 8 to ten several buds as seed.
D, kind bud treatment technology: ash was mixed with disinfectant with carbendazim by 500: 1, disinfectant is piled up on the Polypropylence Sheet that is tiled in ground.Insert disinfectant downwards to the bud neck with scratching lower bud cone cone, after the moisture content of bud cone tangent plane is sterilized agent and fully draws, take out and be layered on the dirt floor airing 1-2 days, when allowing the bud cone scatter and disappear moisture content 15-20%, store to cultivation use in the coming year with sand.
E, stingy bud time: scratch the bud time and decide according to excavating the konjaku time, scratch bud autumn while excavating before the Beginning of Winter after the Frost's Descent; Spring is in clear and bright front and back, before soil thaws and do not sprout to the underground stem tuber of konjaku afterwards.
The selection in F, seedbed and method for sorting: select loam or the sandy loam that physical features is comparatively smooth, irrigation condition is good to do the seedbed.It is thin that removing ground stone, weeds, mu are executed the 1 kilogram of deep ploughing rake of 2000 kilograms of fertilizers, fenaminosulf that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and presses the downstream wide high case of direction reason 1.5m, and the pavement ditch of 20cm is for subsequent use.
G, sowing time and method: be not that very serious area can be sowed before Winter Solstice at frost, but the case face must cover film or grass; General seed is sowed before and after clear and bright by the sand storage is rear.Press the ditch of the line-spacing excavation 6-8cm of 30cm during sowing at the case face, by the nest of 20cm apart from, the eye of bud cone is put into ditch up equably, then cover fine earth 3cm.But mulch farming thing stalk with good conditionsi.And shelter from heat or light crops such as pavement ditch maize plantings.
H, field management: strengthen seedling stage weeding, topdress, diseases and pests controlling and the water drainage management work of taking precautions against drought.
I, seed collection: can develop into then the one-level kind ball about 60 grams more than bud cone 30 grams.Stay an enhancement of field management Second Year can reach the above cultivation of 300 grams with planting.
Because the present invention has used stingy bud as seed source, make the underground stem tuber of konjaku as when processing raw material, the not high bud of the content of glucomannan own is taken full advantage of, effectively opened up the provenance approach, real in killing two birds with one stone.The inventor begins to attempt to scratch the bud breeding after the ancient city town in this county brings into use the konjaku rhizome cutting propagation to achieve success.Although the rhizome cutting propagation success rate is more than 90%, and the coefficient of expansion can not reach 5 times, and is high to the availability of the block stem of konjaku, promotional value is little.Through the stingy bud test in 3 years, stem tuber can increase provenance newly more than 5 when reducing by 20% left and right sides, and becomes kind of a rate can reach more than 80%, can reach goal of the invention fully.Have significant economic benefit and social benefit.
Embodiment: after the Frost's Descent before Winter Solstice, the underground stem tuber full maturity of konjaku, after the lodging of ground petiole 12-15 days, or before 10 days underground stem tubers of konjaku are not sprouted before and after clear and bright, select fine weather, dug block stem, gently erase the most earth in stem tuber surface with have gentle hands.Pluck out eye with stingy bud cutter, with bud cone not in 500: 1 the ash carbendazim disinfectant of tangent plane partial insertion with kind of skin, to be sterilized dose fully draw tangent plane moisture content after, the bud cone was placed on the dirt floor airing 1-2 days, allow the bud cone scatter and disappear to stock plantation with sand behind the moisture content about 20% and use.Select physical features is comparatively smooth, irrigation condition is good loam or sandy loam plot, removing ground stone, weeds, it is thin that mu is executed the 1 kilogram of deep ploughing rake of 2000 kilograms of fertilizers, fenaminosulf that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and presses the downstream wide high case of direction reason 1.5m, and the pavement ditch of 20cm is for subsequent use.After soil thaws before and after clear and bright, press the ditch of the line-spacing excavation 6-8cm of 30cm at the case face, by the nest distance of 20cm, the eye of bud cone is put into ditch up equably, then cover fine earth 3cm.But mulch farming thing stalk with good conditionsi.And crops of sheltering from heat or light such as pavement ditch maize plantings.Strengthen liquid manure and weeding and extermination of disease and insect pest management in whole seedling stage.
The key technology of this method is the terminal bud of the underground block stem of ripe konjaku, fully-developed resting bud, by artificial stingy bud measure, plucks out the eye with parent, through sterilization, reduction water content, the husky storage.Particularly the selection of bud should select substantial, the well-developed eye of bud bud as scratching the bud object; Bud band parent is suitable, excessively causes waste, crosses budlet cone development nutrition deficiency and leads to the failure; The sterilization dehydration wants strict, otherwise duration of storage will rot bud.Scratch the bud breeding and excavated to greatest extent the germ plasm resource of the underground stem tuber of konjaku, allow 1 bud become 1 seed, effectively enlarged konjaku seed source approach, become the important supplement of whip taro breeding, alleviated the in great shortage contradiction of seed.Have wide material sources, the peasant characteristics such as easily grasp, directly reduce production costs, therefore have great Social benefit and economic benefit.
Claims (1)
1. technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of stingy bud propagation method of konjaku in turn includes the following steps:
A, scratch bud tool making method: one side about will No. 8 circle silk Duan Yiduan 5cm of long 20cm hammer out with the cutter shape of sword, then will be with blade to divide the slightly bending of hammer system.Inlay the 12cm wood-handle at the other end, one stingy bud cutter.
B, the selection of scratching the block stem of bud konjaku: choose the provenance that diameter is scratched bud greater than 10cm without the block stem conduct of the ripe konjaku of scab.Residue stem tuber behind the stingy bud can not remake kind of a usefulness, should be in time as processing raw material use.
C, stingy bud technology: will be placed on the plank without the block stem of the konjaku that cleans, with the left hand stem tuber of holding with a firm grip, the right hand is held and is scratched the bud cutter, centered by eye, become 30 degree angles to be inserted into the axial line of bud with scratching the bud cutter with bud towards a left side, at distance bud 2cm place with carbendazim liquid sterilization rear knife edge, take bud as the center of circle, take distance bud heart 2cm as radius, left hand is along returning the clockwise horizontal rotary konjaku stem tuber that circles, one breaks away from the band bud hemisphere of the nearly cone of parent, take out gently band bud hemisphere, a seed bud just obtains.1 the 300 above konjaku stem tuber of gram, can pluck out from 1 terminal bud to several resting buds 8 to ten several buds as seed.
D, kind bud treatment technology: ash was mixed with disinfectant with carbendazim by 500: 1, disinfectant is piled up on the Polypropylence Sheet that is tiled in ground.Insert disinfectant downwards to the bud neck with scratching lower bud cone cone, after the moisture content of bud cone tangent plane is sterilized agent and fully draws, take out and be layered on the dirt floor airing 1-2 days, when allowing the bud cone scatter and disappear moisture content 15-20%, store to cultivation use in the coming year with sand.
E, stingy bud time: scratch the bud time and decide according to excavating the konjaku time, scratch bud autumn while excavating before the Beginning of Winter after the Frost's Descent; Spring is in clear and bright front and back, before soil thaws and do not sprout to the underground stem tuber of konjaku afterwards.
The selection in F, seedbed and method for sorting: select loam or the sandy loam that physical features is comparatively smooth, irrigation condition is good to do the seedbed.It is thin that removing ground stone, weeds, mu are executed the 1 kilogram of deep ploughing rake of 2000 kilograms of fertilizers, fenaminosulf that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and presses the downstream wide high case of direction reason 1.5m, and the pavement ditch of 20cm is for subsequent use.
G, sowing time and method: be not that very serious area can be sowed before Winter Solstice at frost, but the case face must cover film or grass; General seed is sowed before and after clear and bright by the sand storage is rear.Press the ditch of the line-spacing excavation 6-8cm of 30cm during sowing at the case face, by the nest of 20cm apart from, the eye of bud cone is put into ditch up equably, then cover fine earth 3cm.But mulch farming thing stalk with good conditionsi.And shelter from heat or light crops such as pavement ditch maize plantings.
H, field management: strengthen seedling stage weeding, topdress, diseases and pests controlling and the water drainage management work of taking precautions against drought.
I, seed collection: can develop into then the one-level kind ball about 60 grams more than bud cone 30 grams.Stay an enhancement of field management Second Year can reach the above cultivation of 300 grams with planting.
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| CN201210510029.5A CN102960167B (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2012-11-20 | A kind of stingy bud propagation method of Rhizoma amorphophalli |
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| CN201210510029.5A CN102960167B (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2012-11-20 | A kind of stingy bud propagation method of Rhizoma amorphophalli |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113973717A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-01-28 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Germination accelerating and seedling raising method for bulbil konjak tissue culture micro-corms |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0293488A1 (en) * | 1986-12-02 | 1988-12-07 | Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Method of multiplying tubers |
| CN102640638A (en) * | 2012-04-19 | 2012-08-22 | 重庆市彭水县天娇农业开发有限公司 | Method for breeding seed konjac from konjac corms through segmenting with lateral bud |
| CN102640637A (en) * | 2012-04-19 | 2012-08-22 | 重庆市彭水县天娇农业开发有限公司 | Method for breeding seed konjac from konjac rhizomes |
| CN102640641A (en) * | 2012-04-19 | 2012-08-22 | 重庆市彭水县天娇农业开发有限公司 | Method for breeding konjac seeds in winter by using konjac rhizomes |
| CN102640650A (en) * | 2012-04-25 | 2012-08-22 | 云南省农科院富源魔芋研究所 | Konjac cultivation method |
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| CN113973717A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-01-28 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Germination accelerating and seedling raising method for bulbil konjak tissue culture micro-corms |
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