CN102955155A - Distributed active phased array radar and beam forming method thereof - Google Patents
Distributed active phased array radar and beam forming method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to distributed active phased array radar and a beam forming method thereof. A transceiving component array consists of digital transceiving components which comprise analog front ends, power amplifiers, low-noise amplifiers and front-end digital units. The distributed active phased array radar further comprises a central processor, the central processor is connected with the multiple front-end digital units through a local area network by means of the hierarchical distributed processing technology, and used for setting operating modes of all of the front-end digital units and waveform data and receiving baseband data to guarantee reliability of target echo data subjected to digital synthesis and sending public clock signals to the front-end digital units through a clock network to guarantee synchronization of clock signals of each port. The multiple front-end digital units are correspondingly distributed in an antenna array, and each front-end digital unit is matched with one transceiving component. The distributed active phased array radar and the beam forming method thereof have the advantages of high flexibility, flexibility in data processing mode and improvement of phased array radar performances.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to for realizing that radar beam is shaped and the phased-array radar of spacescan, particularly a kind of distributed Active Phased Array Radar and Beamforming Method thereof.
Background technology
Phased-array radar was come out in late 1960s, was mainly used in the early warning of long-range missile.Late 1980s, along with reaching its maturity and the decline of cost of the equipments and devices such as computing machine, VLSI (very large scale integrated circuit), solid state microwave power amplifier, digital phase shifter, phased array technology is rapidly developed, and when militarily being used widely, progressively expand to civil area.
Phased-array radar is called again phased-array radar, is a kind ofly to change the radar of beam direction to change the radar wave phase place, because be to control wave beam but not traditional mechanical rotation antenna surface mode in the electronics mode, so claim again electronic scanning radar.
Phased-array radar has quite intensive aerial array, on the area of traditional radar antenna face thousands of phased array antenna can be installed, and any one antenna all can be received and dispatched radar wave, and several adjacent antennas namely have the function of a radar.During scanning, selected one of them block (several antenna elements) or several blocks scan simple target or zone, and therefore whole radar can scan or follow the trail of many targets or zone simultaneously, has the function of a plurality of radars.Because a radar can scan for different directions simultaneously, scan mode is Electronic Control rather than mechanical rotation in addition, therefore the data updating rate improves greatly, mechanical scanning radar is second or ten seconds levels because being subject to mechanical rotation frequency thereby data updating cycle, and electronic scanning radar then is millisecond or Microsecond grade.Thereby it is more suitable for tackling high maneuvering target.In addition owing to can launch narrow beam, thereby also can serve as the electronic warfare radar and use, offset such as electromagnetic interference (EMI) or even emission antiphase radar wave and survey electric wave etc.
The remarkable advantage of phased-array radar comprises: radar beam points to controlled, changes beam position flexibly and fast, does not need mechanical scanning; Multi-beam, multi-functional can be realized, a plurality of wave beams can be almost launched simultaneously or receive; Utilize distributed solid state transmitter, can realize that high-power aperture is long-pending and the variable power aperture is long-pending, emissive power is large, and operating distance is far away etc.Generally speaking, phased array technology has solved the restriction of the quick switching of beam position and emissive power, is particularly useful for surveying fast-moving target and multiple goal.
Phased-array radar is divided into again active (initiatively) and passive (passive) two classes.In fact, active antenna array with passive phased-array radar is identical, and what of transmitting/receiving element are the key distinction of the two be.Passive phased-array radar only has a central transmitter and a receiver, the high-frequency energy that transmitter produces as calculated machine is distributed to each radiator of antenna array automatically, and target echo is through receiver is unified amplifies (this point with ordinary radar difference not quite).Each radiator of Active Phased Array Radar is fitted with a transmitting/receiving assembly, and electromagnetic wave can both oneself be launched, be received to each assembly, therefore all has larger advantage than passive phased-array radar in frequency range, signal processing and the design of superfluous degree.Just because of this, also so that the involving great expense of Active Phased Array Radar, the through engineering approaches difficulty strengthens.
The next Generation Radar system must satisfy the user to the requirement of the technical indicators such as the emissive power of radar, noise figure, the linearity when improving application flexibility and system performance, functional parameter.These requirements can be by expand digital circuit to realize to radar antenna as far as possible.The digital technology reach plays a key effect to flexible control and the Function Extension of radar, for example realizes multi-beam, adaptive disturbance inhibition and multifunction radar etc. when keeping high dynamic range.The main challenge that the digital technology reach brings is that the radar data work for the treatment of rolls up, the processing that need to adopt by different level, distribution type processing method is realized a large amount of radar datas.
One of Main Trends of The Development of new-type radar is to realize the digitizing transmitting-receiving subassembly, separately the transmitting of each antenna element of control phased-array radar, radar echo signal at first carry out pre-service at front end, after sending the radar echo signal of unit back to center processor by data transmission network, carry out again focusing on of next step.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, in order to realize the foregoing invention purpose, the concept of digital transmitting and receiving assembly is applied to phased array radar system, thereby a kind of distributed Active Phased Array Radar and Beamforming Method thereof are provided.
In order to realize the foregoing invention purpose, technical scheme of the present invention has proposed a kind of distributed Active Phased Array Radar, this distributed Active Phased Array Radar comprises: synchronous and scanning control system, data processor, active phased antenna array and transmitting-receiving subassembly array, described data processor, be used for generating the waveform that independently transmits of each antenna element, and the reception ﹠ disposal echoed signal; It is characterized in that, described transmitting-receiving subassembly array is the digital transmitting and receiving assembly, comprise: AFE (analog front end), power amplifier, low noise amplifier and front end digital units, described distributed Active Phased Array Radar also comprises a center processor, this center processor adopts the stratification distributed treatment technology to be connected with some front end digital units by LAN (Local Area Network), be used for mode of operation and the Wave data of all front end digital units being set and receiving base band data, to guarantee through the target echo the reliability of the data after digital synthesizing, and by clock network forward end digital units transmission common clock signal, to guarantee the clock signal synchronization of each port; Described several front end digital units are distributed in the aerial array respectively accordingly, and each front end digital units and a transmitting-receiving subassembly are supporting; Described front end digital units comprises: digital processing chip, interface circuit, direct digital synthesiser DDS, A-D converter DAC, A-D converter ADC.
A kind of improvement as technique scheme, the AFE (analog front end) of described digital transmitting and receiving assembly has transmit-receive switch and calibration coupling mechanism and switch combination, be used for the transmitting-receiving of control radar signal, with amplitude versus frequency characte and the phase-frequency characteristic of transmitter and the receiver of independent each transmitting-receiving subassembly of demarcation, detect transmitter coupling abnormality.
As a kind of improvement of technique scheme, described front end digital units is connected to the network switch by network interface, adopts the mode of a plurality of switch concatenations all devices to be connected together and is connected to center processor again.
As a kind of improvement of technique scheme, pass through radiofrequency signal interface receiving and transmitting signal between described front end digital units and the transmitting-receiving subassembly, and the work of control transmitting-receiving subassembly, control interface adopts multi-way switching values and RS485 asynchronous serial port.
A kind of improvement as technique scheme, described synchronously with scanning control system in the synchronizing pulse unit under the system clock driving, automatically produce synchronizing pulse according to main frame by the parameters such as pulse repetition time that network transmits, deliver to each front end digital units and transmitting-receiving subassembly by a minute Power Generation Road, to guarantee the coherent of system.
As a kind of improvement of technique scheme, described transmitting-receiving subassembly works in internal calibration pattern or mode of operation;
Described internal calibration pattern, by the transmitting chain of each transmitting-receiving subassembly and gain and the phase place of receiver are monitored, whether normal with the duty of judging power amplifier, receiver, phase shifter, testing result is used for carrying out the unit Concordance simultaneously;
Described mode of operation will be with transmitting that certain pulse repetition rate produces through the transmitting-receiving subassembly of calibration, and via being fed to antenna after phase shifter, the power amplification, aerial array will synthesize wave beam to space direction initialization radiation; When receiving signal, by antenna reception to target echo signal behind pre-filtering, low noise amplifier, AGC, phase shifter, deliver to the A/D port, the front end digital units is finished after the processing such as digital quadrature detection and to be passed main control computer back by express network and carry out follow-up data and process.
The present invention also provides a kind of Beamforming Method of distributed Active Phased Array Radar, and the step of the method comprises:
1) at first generated the waveform that independently transmits of each antenna element by data processor, the data of waveform of transmitting download to the front end digital units by main control computer and communication network again, produce synchronously simulating by the DDS in the front end digital units and digital-to-analog converter DAC and transmit;
2) described synchronously simulating transmit waveform again by the power amplifier in the transmitting-receiving subassembly after the phase shifter phase shift constrained feed to each antenna element, by aerial array to space specific direction radiation;
3) scattering occurs after running into target in electromagnetic wave signal, wherein backward scattered echoed signal is by behind each antenna reception, low noise amplifier in each transmitting-receiving subassembly amplifies, directly by the front end digital units echoed signal is sampled after the phase shifter phase shift, and carry out coherent integration, digital filtering and digital quadrature detection, transfer to main control computer by LAN (Local Area Network) again
4) carry out digital beam-forming and FFT calculating by center processor, calculate back scattering power and Doppler frequency, and then the distribution of inverting target and motion.
As a kind of improvement of technique scheme, described step 3) also comprise: after described front end digital units carries out digital quadrature detection, digital filtering, coherent accumulation, be stored in the storer of front end digital units.
A kind of improvement as technique scheme, the method also comprises synchronous step: instruction and common clock signal that described front end digital units receiving center processor sends, described clock signal can adopt clock modulation technique, synchronous triggering signal is transmitted by clock network, described synchronous clock and synchronous triggering signal guarantee the clock signal synchronization of each port through special calibration algorithm.
As a kind of improvement of technique scheme, the method also comprises the step of internal calibration:
The AFE (analog front end) of described digital transmitting and receiving assembly is by the transmitting-receiving of transmit-receive switch and calibration coupling mechanism and switch combination control radar signal, amplitude versus frequency characte and phase-frequency characteristic with transmitter and the receiver of independent each transmitting-receiving subassembly of demarcation, detect transmitter coupling abnormality, by the transmitting chain of each transmitting-receiving subassembly and gain and the phase place of receiver are monitored, to judge power amplifier, receiver, whether the duty of phase shifter is normal, the amplitude-frequency of the unit that detects and phase-frequency characteristic, before wave beam is synthetic, can carry out digital compensation, to reduce systematic error.
As a kind of improvement of technique scheme, described internal calibration pattern comprises 2 spermotypes: transmitter calibration mode and receiver calibration mode;
Described receiver calibration mode, front end digital units output simulation synchronized transmissions signal, simulation synchronized transmissions signal is through switch combination, skip the direct feed-in front end of power amplifier coupling mechanism, then after the receiving cable amplification filtering, gather, in order to the magnitude-phase characteristics of monitoring receiver and transmitting-receiving phase shifter;
Described transmitter calibration mode, front end digital units output simulation synchronized transmissions signal is through switch combination, feed-in power amplifier input end, signal through power amplification is entering in the process of antenna transmission, by the front end coupling mechanism part that is coupled out, skip and directly carry out the A/D conversion after receiver enters the front end digital units, in order to detect the magnitude-phase characteristics of transmitter;
This Radar Design unique transmitting-receiving subassembly internal calibration pattern, can measure in real time gain and the phase delay of transmitting chain and receiver in each transmitting-receiving subassembly by the internal calibration pattern, with this understanding, can measure in real time by the intersection calibrating method of different units the phase error of different antennae unit clock, and then the impact of this phase error of compensation in data processing algorithm, improve radar performance.
A kind of improvement as technique scheme, the method also further comprise transmitting-receiving subassembly intersect the calibration step, be that arbitrary unit transmits, arbitrary other unit can receive it by the mutual lotus root of element antenna and transmit, intersection transmitting-receiving process by any a pair of unit, the synchronous clock phase that can demarcate between a pair of unit is poor, by change transmit first phase and phase weighting to received signal, can guarantee the amplitude-phase consistency of each transmitting-receiving subassembly.
The invention has the advantages that, the present invention is applied to phased array radar system with the concept of digital transmitting and receiving assembly, the full distributed all solid state transmitter of technical employing, the active phased array of bigbore planar array, the large dynamic digital received of hypersensitivity, distributed internal calibration and intersect treatment technology and realtime graphic terminal etc. in calibration, express network bidirectional data transfers, advanced person's data and the set of signals.Distributed phased array radar outstanding feature of the present invention is to have very that transmitting of high flexibility, each transmitting-receiving subassembly can produce separately according to application demand, the echoed signal of each transmitting-receiving subassembly can be processed separately, radar return after the processing is sent center processor back to by low-cost LAN, data processing method is flexible, can realize the flexible configuration of radar function.In a word, 1. realized the internal calibration of phased-array radar transmitting-receiving subassembly; 2. realized the outer calibration of phased-array radar transmitting-receiving subassembly; 3. realized the conforming real-time measurement of phased-array radar transmitting-receiving subassembly; 4. realized the conforming real-Time Compensation of phased-array radar transmitting-receiving subassembly; 5. improved the performance of phased-array radar.
Description of drawings
The system chart of Fig. 1 full distributed phased-array radar of the present invention.
The signal of Fig. 2 front end digital units of the present invention is processed synoptic diagram.
The principle schematic of Fig. 3 intersection calibration of the present invention.
Embodiment
In order to understand better technical scheme of the present invention, below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is done to describe further.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of distributed phased array radar comprises radar antenna array, digital transmitting and receiving assembly array, clock distributing network, LAN (Local Area Network), the center processor that connects successively, and described center processor is connected with all digital transmitting and receiving assemblies by LAN (Local Area Network); It is characterized in that described digital transmitting and receiving assembly comprises that AFE (analog front end), power amplifier, low noise amplifier, front end digital units form; Described LAN (Local Area Network) adopts the wire mediums such as optical fiber, twisted-pair feeder; Described center processor adopts the stratification distributed treatment technology.
In the technique scheme, described aerial array can work in single polarization mode, dual polarization pattern or complete polarization pattern.
In the technique scheme, described transmitting-receiving subassembly can be controlled separately, and separate the working in each unit received or the state of sending out.
In the technique scheme, described transmitting-receiving subassembly can work in intersection calibration state, and namely arbitrary unit transmits, and arbitrary other unit can be accepted it by the mutual lotus root of element antenna and transmit, to demarcate the consistance of each transmitting-receiving subassembly.
In the technique scheme, described digital transmitting and receiving assembly AFE (analog front end) has transmit-receive switch and calibration coupling mechanism and switch combination, amplitude versus frequency characte and the phase-frequency characteristic of transmitting-receiving, the transmitter that can demarcate separately each transmitting-receiving subassembly and receiver that can the control radar signal, can detect transmitter coupling abnormality.
In the technique scheme, described transmitter possesses the vswr protection device, can be after detecting transmitter coupling abnormality auto-breaking.
In the technique scheme, after transmitter detects the coupling abnormal power-down, after after a while, automatically start.
In the technique scheme, described receiver does not need echoed signal is carried out down-converted.
In the technique scheme, the amplitude that transmits, phase place and waveform that described front end digital units controls transmitter.The transmitted waveform of transmitter can be downloaded from center processor in real time by LAN (Local Area Network).
In the technique scheme, a large amount of precalculated transmitted waveforms that can prestore of described front end digital units, according to application demand the waveform of appointment is delivered to analog digital converter after, amplify via transmitter.
In the technique scheme, described front end digital units directly adopts the high speed analog digital converter, to the rear digitizing of owing to sample of the radiofrequency signal of receiver output, digitized radiofrequency signal generates baseband signal behind digital frequency conversion, baseband signal is delivered to center processor by LAN (Local Area Network) after reduce sampling frequency, digit phase detection and amplitude, phase place pre-service.
In the technique scheme, described baseband signal can be carried out the coherent integration of predetermined number of times, after improving the echoed signal signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) and reducing data volume, delivers to center processor through LAN (Local Area Network).
In the technique scheme, instruction and common clock signal that front end digital units receiving center processor sends, described clock signal can adopt clock modulation technique, synchronous triggering signal is transmitted by clock network, described synchronous clock and synchronous triggering signal guarantee the clock signal synchronization of each port through special calibration algorithm.
In the technique scheme, described front end digital units controls transmitter the periodicity calibration with receiver.
In the technique scheme, described center processor comprises with different levels network switch and with different levels signal processor, many the next signal processors are processed respectively the echoed signal of some unit, it is synthetic to carry out elementary wave beam, a upper signal processor receives the result of lower bit processing machine, and carries out final wave beam and synthesize.
Full distribution phased-array radar main modular has aerial array, transmitting-receiving subassembly, distributed front end digital units, wave beam synthesis system, signal processing system, data handling system, user terminal etc.New technology and the techniques such as technical application high reliability all solid-state transmitter, low noise great dynamic range receiver, active phased array antenna, digital signal processing, realtime graphic terminal, have high sensitivity, large dynamically, the characteristics such as reliability is high, working service is convenient.Can round-the-clock continuous automatic Observation, data process and operation monitoring and calibration.
During radar work, at first produce the radar work schedule by main control computer control, control each front end digital units and produce the synchronized transmissions signal.This signal radiate through antenna-feedback system after amplifying through phase shift in the T/R assembly again, and carry out power in the space synthetic, with concentration of energy to a certain beam direction.Scattering occurs after running into target in electromagnetic wave signal, after wherein backscatter signal is carried out digital quadrature detection, digital filtering, coherent accumulation after amplification, the phase shift in the front end digital units in the T/R assembly after radar antenna receives, be stored in the front end digital units storer, at last be stored in disk array by slave computer by the data that Ethernet obtains all unit, carrying out digital beam-forming and FFT in host computer calculates, calculate back scattering power and Doppler frequency, and then the distribution of inverting target and motion.
In radar when work, at first generated the waveform that independently transmits of each antenna element by data processor, Wave data downloads to front end digital units in the transmitting-receiving subassembly by main control computer and communication network.During the signal emission, the front end digital units becomes Wave data into analog transmit signal by A-D converter (DAC), analog transmit signal is by constrained feed to 72 antenna element after the phase shifter phase shift of the power amplifier in the transmitting-receiving subassembly, by the specific direction radiation of alignment space, sky.8 bit phase shifter can provide the phase deviation that transmits and receives signal, and phaseshift step size is 2 °.The peak transmitted power of each T/R assembly is 750W.When signal received, the echoed signal of each antenna reception was amplified by the low noise amplifier in each transmitting-receiving subassembly, directly by the front end digital units echoed signal is sampled behind phase shifter.Under the control of front end digital units, transfer to main control computer by gigabit networking by transmitting-receiving subassembly behind process coherent integration, digital filtering and the digital quadrature detection, carry out follow-up digital processing
In the present embodiment, the radar system structure as shown in Figure 1.72 front end digital units are distributed in the aerial array, and each front end digital units and a transmitting-receiving subassembly are supporting.Pass through radiofrequency signal interface receiving and transmitting signal between front end digital units and the transmitting-receiving subassembly.Simultaneously, the work of transmitting-receiving subassembly is subject to the control of front end digital units, and control interface adopts multi-way switching values and RS485 asynchronous serial port.All front end digital units are connected to the network switch by network interface.Adopt the mode of a plurality of switch concatenations all devices to be connected together and is connected to main control computer, control flow as shown in Figure 2.The operation monitoring program is used for mode of operation and the Wave data of all front end digital units being set and receiving base band data on the main control computer.
In order to guarantee the coherent of system, the synchronizing pulse of front end digital units and reference clock need to be unified distribution.Wherein do distribution after the unified generation of clock, need 73 the tunnel altogether, wherein 72 the road distribute to all transmitting-receiving subassemblies, the 1 tunnel keeps as the clock test port.The synchronizing pulse unit produces synchronizing pulse according to main frame by the parameters such as pulse repetition time that network transmits automatically under system clock drives, deliver to each front end digital units and transmitting-receiving subassembly by a minute Power Generation Road.
The mode of operation of transmitting-receiving subassembly has two kinds: internal calibration pattern and mode of operation.Under the internal calibration pattern, by the transmitting chain of each transmitting-receiving subassembly and gain and the phase place of receiver are monitored, whether normal with the duty of judging the main devices such as power amplifier, receiver, phase shifter.The internal calibration pattern comprises 2 spermotypes: transmitter calibration mode and receiver calibration mode.Under the receiver calibration mode, front end digital units output synchronous analog signal, simulating signal is skipped the direct feed-in front end of power amplifier coupling mechanism through switch combination, then gather after the receiving cable amplification filtering, this method can monitoring receiver and the magnitude-phase characteristics of transmitting-receiving phase shifter; Under the transmitter calibration mode, front end digital units output synchronous analog signal, through switch combination, feed-in power amplifier input end, signal through power amplification is entering in the process of antenna transmission, by the front end coupling mechanism part that is coupled out, directly carry out the A/D conversion after entering the front end digital units, in order to detect the magnitude-phase characteristics of transmitter.Under the mode of operation, will be with transmitting via being fed to antenna after phase shifter, the power amplification that certain pulse repetition rate produces through the transmitting-receiving subassembly of calibrating, aerial array will synthesize wave beam to space direction initialization radiation.When receiving signal, by antenna reception to target echo signal deliver to the A/D port through links such as pre-filtering, low noise amplifier, AGC, phase shifters, the front end digital units is finished after the processing such as digital quadrature detection and to be passed main control computer back by express network and carry out follow-up data and process.The front end digital units can be adjusted according to the instruction that main control computer is assigned the parameter of internal calibration pattern and mode of operation, has guaranteed through the target echo the reliability of the data after digital synthesizing.
This Radar Design unique transmitting-receiving subassembly internal calibration pattern, can measure in real time gain and the phase delay of transmitting chain and receiver in each transmitting-receiving subassembly by the internal calibration pattern, with this understanding, can measure in real time by the intersection calibrating method of different units the phase error of different antennae unit clock, and then the impact of this phase error of compensation in data processing algorithm, improve radar performance.
Take the phase error between two unit as example.System dispose complete after, transmitting of one of them unit can enter the antenna of another unit and received by near-field coupling or antenna sidelobe.Because two unit are to work under the promotion of coherent clock and synchronizing signal, so can receive the signal acquisition phase-shift value by analyzing, this phase-shift value is made of following part addition: the emission start-phase, the transmission channel phase shift, the phase shift of emitting antenna secondary lobe, space phase shift transmission, the phase shift of receiving antenna secondary lobe, the receiving cable phase shift receives start-phase, as shown in Figure 3.In the above-mentioned factor, transmit and receive the passage phase shift and be and can measure by aforementioned internal calibration, the spatial phase shift between two unit is changeless.Intersect when calibration, one of them unit at first is set is in emission state, another unit is in accepting state, behind the record receiving phase, after exchange again the transmit-receive position of two unit, again record a receiving phase.Because the phase propetry that transmits and receives of antenna can reciprocity, should be 2 times that two unit proper phases differ so ask for the difference of above-mentioned two phase-shift value.Can calculate thus the required phase place correct amount of said two units synchronous working.
The major parameter of above-described embodiment such as following table:
It should be noted last that above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described.Although with reference to embodiment the present invention is had been described in detail, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, technical scheme of the present invention is made amendment or is equal to replacement, do not break away from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. distributed Active Phased Array Radar, this distributed Active Phased Array Radar comprises: synchronous and scanning control system, data processor, active phased antenna array and transmitting-receiving subassembly array, described data processor, be used for generating the waveform that independently transmits of each antenna element, and the reception ﹠ disposal echoed signal; It is characterized in that, described transmitting-receiving subassembly array is the digital transmitting and receiving assembly, comprise: AFE (analog front end), power amplifier, low noise amplifier and front end digital units, described distributed Active Phased Array Radar also comprises a center processor, this center processor adopts the stratification distributed treatment technology to be connected with some front end digital units by LAN (Local Area Network), be used for mode of operation and the Wave data of all front end digital units being set and receiving base band data, to guarantee through the target echo the reliability of the data after digital synthesizing, and by clock network forward end digital units transmission common clock signal, to guarantee the clock signal synchronization of each port;
Described several front end digital units are distributed in the aerial array respectively accordingly, and each front end digital units and a transmitting-receiving subassembly are supporting;
Described front end digital units comprises: digital processing chip, interface circuit, direct digital synthesiser DDS, A-D converter DAC, A-D converter ADC.
2. distributed Active Phased Array Radar according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the AFE (analog front end) of described digital transmitting and receiving assembly has transmit-receive switch and calibration coupling mechanism and switch combination, be used for the transmitting-receiving of control radar signal, with amplitude versus frequency characte and the phase-frequency characteristic of transmitter and the receiver of independent each transmitting-receiving subassembly of demarcation, detect transmitter coupling abnormality.
3. distributed Active Phased Array Radar according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described front end digital units is connected to the network switch by network interface, adopts the mode of a plurality of switch concatenations all devices to be connected together and is connected to center processor again.
4. distributed Active Phased Array Radar according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, pass through radiofrequency signal interface receiving and transmitting signal between described front end digital units and the transmitting-receiving subassembly, and the work of control transmitting-receiving subassembly, control interface adopts multi-way switching values and RS485 asynchronous serial port.
5. distributed Active Phased Array Radar according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described synchronously with scanning control system in the synchronizing pulse unit under the system clock driving, automatically produce synchronizing pulse according to main frame by the parameters such as pulse repetition time that network transmits, deliver to each front end digital units and transmitting-receiving subassembly by a minute Power Generation Road, to guarantee the coherent of system.
6. distributed Active Phased Array Radar according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described transmitting-receiving subassembly works in internal calibration pattern or mode of operation;
Described internal calibration pattern, by the transmitting chain of each transmitting-receiving subassembly and gain and the phase place of receiver are monitored, whether normal with the duty of judging power amplifier, receiver, phase shifter, testing result is used for carrying out the unit Concordance simultaneously;
Described mode of operation will be with transmitting that certain pulse repetition rate produces through the transmitting-receiving subassembly of calibration, and via being fed to antenna after phase shifter, the power amplification, aerial array will synthesize wave beam to space direction initialization radiation; When receiving signal, by antenna reception to target echo signal behind pre-filtering, low noise amplifier, AGC, phase shifter, deliver to the A/D port, the front end digital units is finished after the processing such as digital quadrature detection and to be passed main control computer back by express network and carry out follow-up data and process.
7. the Beamforming Method of a distributed Active Phased Array Radar, the step of the method comprises:
1) at first generated the waveform that independently transmits of each antenna element by data processor, the data of waveform of transmitting download to the front end digital units by main control computer and communication network again, produce synchronously simulating by the DDS in the front end digital units and digital-to-analog converter DAC and transmit;
2) described synchronously simulating transmit waveform again by the power amplifier in the transmitting-receiving subassembly after the phase shifter phase shift constrained feed to each antenna element, by aerial array to space specific direction radiation;
3) scattering occurs after running into target in electromagnetic wave signal, wherein backward scattered echoed signal is by behind each antenna reception, low noise amplifier in each transmitting-receiving subassembly amplifies, directly by the front end digital units echoed signal is sampled after the phase shifter phase shift, and carry out coherent integration, digital filtering and digital quadrature detection, transfer to main control computer by LAN (Local Area Network) again
4) carry out digital beam-forming and FFT calculating by center processor, calculate back scattering power and Doppler frequency, and then the distribution of inverting target and motion.
8. the Beamforming Method of distributed Active Phased Array Radar according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, described step 3) also comprises: after described front end digital units carries out digital quadrature detection, digital filtering, coherent accumulation, be stored in the storer of front end digital units.
9. the Beamforming Method of distributed Active Phased Array Radar according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, the method also comprises synchronous step: instruction and common clock signal that described front end digital units receiving center processor sends, described clock signal can adopt clock modulation technique, synchronous triggering signal is transmitted by clock network, described synchronous clock and synchronous triggering signal guarantee the clock signal synchronization of each port through special calibration algorithm.
10. the Beamforming Method of distributed Active Phased Array Radar according to claim 7 is characterized in that, the method also comprises the step of internal calibration:
The AFE (analog front end) of described digital transmitting and receiving assembly is by the transmitting-receiving of transmit-receive switch and calibration coupling mechanism and switch combination control radar signal, amplitude versus frequency characte and phase-frequency characteristic with transmitter and the receiver of independent each transmitting-receiving subassembly of demarcation, detect transmitter coupling abnormality, by the transmitting chain of each transmitting-receiving subassembly and gain and the phase place of receiver are monitored, to judge power amplifier, receiver, whether the duty of phase shifter is normal, the amplitude-frequency of the unit that detects and phase-frequency characteristic, before wave beam is synthetic, can carry out digital compensation, to reduce systematic error.
11. the Beamforming Method of distributed Active Phased Array Radar according to claim 10 is characterized in that, described internal calibration pattern comprises 2 spermotypes: transmitter calibration mode and receiver calibration mode;
Described receiver calibration mode, the front end digital units triggers the output synchronous analog signal, and simulating signal is skipped the direct feed-in front end of power amplifier coupling mechanism through switch combination, then after the receiving cable amplification filtering, gather, in order to the magnitude-phase characteristics of monitoring receiver and transmitting-receiving phase shifter;
Described transmitter calibration mode, the synchronous analog signal of front end digital units output is through switch combination, feed-in power amplifier input end, signal through power amplification is entering in the process of antenna transmission, by the front end coupling mechanism part that is coupled out, skip and directly carry out the A/D conversion after receiver enters the front end digital units, in order to detect the magnitude-phase characteristics of transmitter.
12. the Beamforming Method of distributed Active Phased Array Radar according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, the method also further comprise transmitting-receiving subassembly intersect the calibration step, be that arbitrary unit transmits, arbitrary other unit can be accepted it by the mutual lotus root of element antenna and transmit, intersection transmitting-receiving process by any a pair of unit, the synchronous clock phase of demarcating between a pair of unit is poor, by change transmit first phase and phase weighting to received signal, to guarantee the amplitude-phase consistency of each transmitting-receiving subassembly.
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