CN102943213B - Abrasion-resistant steel for low-alloy ultra-high strength engineering machine and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Abrasion-resistant steel for low-alloy ultra-high strength engineering machine and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of iron-base alloy and particularly relates to abrasion-resistant steel for a low-alloy ultra-high strength engineering machine and a preparation method thereof. The abrasion-resistant steel comprises, by mass, 0.20-0.40% of C, 0.40-0.90% of Si, 0.8-2.0% of Mn, 1.00-2.50% of Cr, 0.30-0.60% of Mo, V<=0.08%, Ti<=0.04%, S<=0.004%, 0.004-0.008% of P, B<=0.002%, 0.002-0.005% of N and the balance Fe and inevitable impurities. The abrasion-resistant steel combines reasonable chemical components and a large deformation rolling process, has the advantages of being low in alloy element content, strong in strength, good in toughness, low in cost, good in abrasive resistance and the like, and is suitable for engineering machines, mining equipment, cement equipment and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of iron-base alloy, particularly a kind of low-alloy super-strength engineering machinery wear resisting steel and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Engineering machinery is the general name of mining and all kinds of engineering construction equipment (as rig, power shovel, Electric Motor Wheel dump truck, excavator, shovel loader, dozer, all kinds of lifting machine and coal mine hydraulic supporting etc.).In construction machinery product cost structure, the cost of steel is most important parts, and whole steel account for about 30% of total cost.For engineering machinery ground steel general requirement high strength and high-wear resistance.
Low-alloy super-strength steel grows up on the basis of modified structure iron, and main alloy element is manganese, chromium, silicon, nickel, aluminium, vanadium etc., and its alloying element total amount is no more than 5%, and carbon content is generally at 0.27-0.50%.In steel, add a small amount of multiple alloying element, make steel solution strengthening and improve hardening capacity and the martenaging martempering stability of steel.Application comparison is the low-alloy super-strength steels such as the AISI4349 and 4130 of the U.S. widely.And domestic application widely mainly Sweden's Losec Longde HARDOX series, Japanese JFE JFE-EH series wear resisting steel and high mangaenese steel etc.
The steel capital such as AISI4349, HARDOX series are by purity and the intensity of improving smelting technology, exploitation Ultra-fine Grained technology improves steel, cost is increased considerably, at present, the price of AISI4349 is 18000 yuan/ton, and the HARDOX400 steel plate price that 12mm is thick is about 19000 yuan/ton.These steel easily wear and tear in engineer applied, especially contact rock, mineral aggregate etc. by the structure rubbing, clash into, wash away, and because changing frequent, user cost are increased.
Along with engineering machinery is to high-parameters, maximization, lightweight development, more outstanding to the requirement of the obdurability of engineering machinery construction material, wear resistance and weldability.Thus the development and production facilitating steel for engineering machinery is constantly to more high intensity levels, more excellent over-all properties future development.Therefore, develop a kind of over-all properties low-alloy super-strength engineering machinery wear resisting steel good, with low cost engineering machinery is developed and is significant.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the invention provides a kind of low-alloy super-strength engineering machinery wear resisting steel and preparation method thereof, by rational chemical composition and rolling technology are combined, the wear resisting steel obtained has the features such as alloying element content is low, intensity is high, good toughness, cost are low, wear resistance is good, is applicable to engineering machinery, mining equiment and cement equipment etc.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of low-alloy super-strength engineering machinery wear resisting steel, by batching, smelting, cast, rolling and heat treated step manufacture, wherein, the chemical composition of described wear resisting steel is by mass percentage: C:0.20 ~ 0.40%, Si:0.40 ~ 0.90%, Mn:0.8 ~ 2.0%, Cr:1.00 ~ 2.50%, Mo:0.30 ~ 0.60%, V :≤0.08%, Ti :≤0.04%, S :≤0.004%, P:0.004 ~ 0.008%, B :≤0.002%, N:0.002 ~ 0.005%, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity;
Wherein said milling step adopts at least two step gross distortion rollings, and often walking draught is 30-59%.
The mechanical property scope of described wear resisting steel is: tensile strength R
mbe 1700 ~ 2000MPa; Yield strength R
p0.2be 1390 ~ 1600MPa; Elongation after fracture A
5be not less than 9%; Relative reduction in area Z is not less than 38%; Impact of collision merit A 24 DEG C time
kv2be not less than 21J; Impact of collision merit A-40 DEG C time
kv2be not less than 21J; Rockwell hardness number HRC is not less than 40; Brinell hardness number HBW is not less than 450.
The chemical composition of described wear resisting steel is by mass percentage: C:0.33 ~ 0.34%, Si:0.47 ~ 0.78%, Mn:1.57 ~ 1.61%, Cr:1.24 ~ 2.18%, Mo:0.44 ~ 0.45%, V:0.048 ~ 0.073%, Ti:0.019 ~ 0.026%, S :≤0.004%, P:0.004 ~ 0.008%, B :≤0.002%, N:0.002 ~ 0.005%, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
The metallographic structure of the using state of described wear resisting steel is: the tempered martensite with vanadium titanium carbonitride and small Carbide Precipitation particle.
A manufacture method for low-alloy super-strength engineering machinery wear resisting steel, this manufacture method comprises batching, smelting, cast, rolling and heat treatment step, wherein,
(1) prepare burden: following chemical composition is prepared burden by mass percentage: C:0.20 ~ 0.40%, Si:0.40 ~ 0.90%, Mn:0.8 ~ 2.0%, Cr:1.00 ~ 2.50%, Mo:0.30 ~ 0.60%, V :≤0.08%, Ti :≤0.04%, S :≤0.004%, P:0.004 ~ 0.008%, B :≤0.002%, N:0.002 ~ 0.005%, and all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity;
(2) pour into a mould: the heating of plate blank to 1230 poured into DEG C ~ 1300 DEG C is incubated 1 ~ 2.5 hour;
(3) rolling: adopt two benches controlled rolling, first stage: start to carry out roughing at 1050 DEG C ~ 1150 DEG C, intermediate blank temperature controls at 950 DEG C ~ 1050 DEG C, roughing adds up draft at least 40%, subordinate phase: carry out finish rolling at 900 DEG C ~ 980 DEG C, finishing temperature control is at 850 DEG C ~ 900 DEG C, and finish rolling adds up draft at least 30%;
(4) thermal treatment: slab rolling directly carries out quench treatment after becoming steel plate, and 200 DEG C ~ 350 DEG C tempering 1 ~ 2 hour, then air cooling was to room temperature, obtained described low-alloy super-strength engineering machinery wear resisting steel.
In described milling step, it is 50 ~ 60% that roughing adds up draft, and it is 30 ~ 52% that finish rolling adds up draft.
The thickness of the steel plate after finish rolling is 12 ~ 20mm.
Main chemical compositions content of the present invention and Main Function as follows:
Carbon effectively controls martensitic properties, affects the principal element of hardness of steel, hardness, toughness and hardening capacity.The too high meeting of carbon content makes the high carbon martensite hardness after thermal treatment high, but toughness is low, and thermal treatment easily cracks; And the too low meeting of carbon content makes the hardening capacity of steel not enough, hardness is too low, and wear resistance is not enough.Therefore, application claims carbon content is between 0.20 ~ 0.40%.
Silicon is alloying element important in steel, can improve the elastic limit of steel, yield strength and yield tensile ratio significantly, can also improve the solidity to corrosion of steel in Oxidant, improves the thermotolerance of steel.Because silicon is non-carbide forming element, in tempering insulating process, be unlikely to a large amount of precipitation, make austenite to stablize to room temperature by rich carbon, therefore, silicon has the effect significantly improving the first temper brittleness temperature, along with the increase of silicone content, make steel can carry out tempering at lesser temps, when intensity is substantially constant, ensure good plasticity; If but silicone content is too high, hot rolling performance and the coating surface penalty of steel can be made, produce more surface imperfection etc.Therefore, the present invention controls silicone content between 0.40 ~ 0.90%.
Manganese is the element comparatively commonly used in steel, is good reductor and sweetening agent, and a certain amount of manganese can be eliminated or weaken the red brittleness of the steel caused by sulphur, thus improve the hot workability of steel.Manganese can also reduce the critical cooling velocity of steel, improves the hardening capacity of steel.Therefore, application claims Fe content is between 0.8 ~ 2.0%.
The Main Function of chromium in steel is the hardening capacity improving cast steel, improves quenching strain, the matrix of solution strengthening simultaneously, improves solidity to corrosion and the thermotolerance of steel.Chromium can hinder precipitation and the gathering of carbide in drawing process, thus improves the anti-temper resistance of steel.Being combined with carbon of chromium element, forms the granular carbide of higher hardness, can significantly improve the hardness of steel, thus improve wear resistance.Therefore, application claims chromium content is 1.00 ~ 2.50%.
Molybdenum has except having phase transformation strengthening effect in low alloy steel, the solid solubility of microalloy element in austenite can also be improved, postpone the Precipitation of microalloy carbonitride to a certain extent, separate out from ferrite under making more microalloy element remain to lesser temps, the precipitation strength effect produced like this is larger.Therefore, application claims molybdenum content is 0.30 ~ 0.60%.
Vanadium has the strongest precipitating reinforcing effect and has strong precipitation strength effect.Therefore, application claims content of vanadium≤0.08%.
Titanium except can crystal grain thinning, improve except hardening capacity; the effect of " fixed nitrogen protects boron " can also be played; appropriate titanium is added in the steel of boracic; because titanium and nitrogen have stronger chemical binding force; titanium to be combined with nitrogen prior to boron and to form titanium nitride; thus protect boron, the through hardening effect of boron is played.Therefore, application claims titanium content≤0.04%.
Sulphur, phosphorus are all harmful element in steel under normal conditions, increase the fragility of steel.Phosphorus can destroy welding property and the plasticity of steel; Sulfur capacity is easily mingled with in conjunction with generation with manganese, reduces the toughness of steel.Therefore, sulphur, the phosphorus content in steel should be reduced as far as possible.Control sulphur content≤0.004% in the present invention, phosphorus content is 0.004 ~ 0.008%.
The boron adding trace in steel can significantly improve hardening capacity, and therefore boron can replace the alloying element of some other expensive raising hardening capacity effectively as chromium, manganese, nickel, molybdenum etc.Therefore, application claims Boron contents≤0.002%.
Nitrogen is very important strengthening element in steel, is solid-solution in matrix phase in steel and can hinders growing up of crystallization and recrystal grain, play the effect of refined crystalline strengthening; Nitride can also be formed with other alloying element in steel or microalloy element, improve intensity and the wear resistance of steel.Therefore, application claims nitrogen content is between 0.002 ~ 0.005%.
Preparation method of the present invention, by larger deflection, produces a large amount of deformation bands and substructure, increases forming core point, forms ferrite tiny in a large number.Meanwhile, larger deflection can induce more vanadium titanium carbonitride, and the precipitate of small and dispersed can pass through pinning austenite grain boundary, subgrain boundary and dislocation, stops recrystallize and suppresses Austenite Grain Growth.The precipitate of a large amount of disperse serves precipitation strength and Grain refinement, ensure that the intensity of low-alloy super-strength engineering machinery wear resisting steel under dual function; Between 200 ~ 350 DEG C during low-temperaturetempering, the supersaturation carbon be solid-solution in martensite is constantly separated out with small carbide form, as shown in Figure 5, makes steel be provided with good toughness, and residual austenite residual in steel makes quenching stress be released, improve the plasticity of steel.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) the chemical composition design alloying element that adopts of steel of the present invention and microalloy element content lower, and not containing noble metal element or content less, and ensureing to also assures that lower production cost while steel plate has good mechanical property.
(2) milling step in the present invention adopts at least two step gross distortion rollings, produce a large amount of deformation bands and substructure, increase forming core point, form ferrite tiny in a large number, the precipitate of a large amount of disperse serves precipitation strength and Grain refinement simultaneously, ensure that the intensity of low-alloy super-strength engineering machinery wear resisting steel.
(3) in the preparation process in accordance with the present invention, direct quenching after hot rolling, carries out temper the temperature range of 200 DEG C ~ 350 DEG C subsequently, and the carbide of separating out by martensitic transformation and tempering reaches excellent mechanical property, and technique is simple.
(4) compared with GB/T24186-2009 standard, Ni element is not added in the present invention, relative inexpensiveness, can Rolling Production and being applied in required industry on a large scale.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the low-alloy super-strength engineering machinery wear-resistant steel products optical microstructure figure of first embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the low-alloy super-strength engineering machinery wear-resistant steel products optical microstructure figure of second embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the low-alloy super-strength engineering machinery wear-resistant steel products optical microstructure figure of third embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is the low-alloy super-strength engineering machinery wear-resistant steel products optical microstructure figure of fourth embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is the shape appearance figure of precipitation particles after low-alloy super-strength engineering machinery wear-resistant steel products 250 DEG C of tempering of first embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Below, with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail in conjunction with the embodiments.
In an embodiment of the present invention, stretching experiment carries out on WE-300 type trier according to GB/T228-2002 standard, and sample adopts Φ 5 tension specimen.
Shock test is carried out according to GB/T229-1994 " metal Charpy notch impact test method ", and specimen size is 10 × 10 × 55mm.
Hardness test is tested on HB3000C electronics Brinell tester and TH300 Rockwell hardometer.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the steel plate after finish rolling is 12 ~ 20mm.
Embodiment 1
The chemical composition of the wear resisting steel of the present embodiment is by mass percentage: C:0.34%, Si:0.78%, Mn:1.57%, Cr:1.24%, Mo:0.45%, V:0.073%, Ti:0.026%, S:0.0035%, P:0.0064%, B:0.0013%, N:0.0032%, and all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
By mentioned component smelting molten steel, then slab is poured into, slab is swaged into 420 × 70 × 60(mm) size, then heating of plate blank to 1280 DEG C is incubated 2 hours, adopt two benches controlled rolling, start to carry out roughing at 1080 DEG C, intermediate blank temperature controls more than 1000 DEG C, and roughing adds up draft 52%; Then carry out finish rolling at 900 DEG C ~ 940 DEG C, finishing temperature control is at 860 DEG C ~ 880 DEG C, and finish rolling adds up draft 31%, and acquisition steel plate thickness is 20mm.
Directly carry out quench treatment after rolling into steel plate, and 250 DEG C of tempering 1.5 hours, then air cooling was to room temperature, obtain low-alloy super-strength engineering machinery wear resisting steel, it organizes as shown in Figure 1, and metallographic structure is tempered martensite.The shape appearance figure of wear resisting steel precipitation particles after 250 DEG C of tempering of the present embodiment as shown in Figure 5.
The tensile strength R of the wear-resistant steel products of the present embodiment
mfor 1775MPa, yield strength R
p0.2for 1449MPa, elongation after fracture A
5impact of collision merit A when be 9%, relative reduction in area Z being 39%, 24 DEG C
kv2for 26J, impact of collision merit A when-40 DEG C
kv2for 19J, Rockwell hardness is HRC52, and Brinell hardness is HBW512.
Embodiment 2
The chemical composition of the wear resisting steel of the present embodiment is with embodiment 1.
By mentioned component smelting molten steel, then slab is poured into, slab is swaged into 320 × 70 × 60(mm) size, then heating of plate blank to 1280 DEG C is incubated 2 hours, adopt two benches controlled rolling, start to carry out roughing at 1080 DEG C, intermediate blank temperature controls more than 1000 DEG C, and roughing adds up draft 58.3%; Then carry out finish rolling at 900 DEG C ~ 940 DEG C, finishing temperature control is at 860 DEG C ~ 880 DEG C, and finish rolling adds up draft 52%, and acquisition steel plate thickness is 12mm.
Thermal treatment process is with embodiment 1, and obtain low-alloy super-strength engineering machinery wear resisting steel, it organizes as shown in Figure 2, and metallographic structure is tempered martensite.
The tensile strength R of the wear-resistant steel products of the present embodiment
mfor 1838MPa, yield strength R
p0.2for 1531MPa, elongation after fracture A
5impact of collision merit A when be 12%, relative reduction in area Z being 46%, 24 DEG C
kv2for 27J, impact of collision merit A when-40 DEG C
kv2for 23J, Rockwell hardness is HRC50, and Brinell hardness is HBW495.
Embodiment 3
The chemical composition of the wear resisting steel of the present embodiment is by mass percentage: C:0.33%, Si:0.47%, Mn:1.61%, Cr:2.18%, Mo:0.44%, V:0.048%, Ti:0.019%, S:0.0029%, P:0.0059%, B:0.0008%, N:0.0034%, and all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
By mentioned component smelting molten steel, then pour into slab, slab be swaged into 420 × 70 × 60(mm) size, rolling technology is with embodiment 1, and acquisition steel plate thickness is 20mm.
Thermal treatment process is with embodiment 1, and obtain low-alloy super-strength engineering machinery wear resisting steel, it organizes as shown in Figure 3, and metallographic structure is tempered martensite.
The tensile strength R of the wear-resistant steel products of the present embodiment
mfor 1739MPa, yield strength R
p0.2for 1392MPa, elongation after fracture A
5impact of collision merit A when be 11%, relative reduction in area Z being 47%, 24 DEG C
kv2for 25J, impact of collision merit A when-40 DEG C
kv2for 19J, Rockwell hardness is HRC51, and Brinell hardness is HBW508.
Embodiment 4
The chemical composition of the wear resisting steel of the present embodiment is with embodiment 3.
By mentioned component smelting molten steel, then pour into slab, slab be swaged into 320 × 70 × 60(mm) size, rolling technology is with embodiment 2, and acquisition steel plate thickness is 12mm.
Thermal treatment process is with embodiment 1, and obtain low-alloy super-strength engineering machinery wear resisting steel, organize as shown in Figure 4, metallographic structure is tempered martensite.
The tensile strength R of the wear-resistant steel products of the present embodiment
mfor 1732MPa, yield strength R
p0.2for 1427MPa, elongation after fracture A
5impact of collision merit A when be 14%, relative reduction in area Z being 51%, 24 DEG C
kv2for 28J, impact of collision merit A when-40 DEG C
kv2for 20J, Rockwell hardness is HRC51, and Brinell hardness is HBW505.
Shown by the experimental result of above-described embodiment, the comprehensive mechanical property of low-alloy super-strength engineering machinery wear resisting steel of the present invention and world-renowned low-alloy super-strength steel, wear resisting steel are equally matched.
The present invention---the mechanical property of low-alloy super-strength engineering machinery wear resisting steel is as follows:
The application of steel of the present invention in jaw crusher: jaw crusher, is commonly called as Hubei Province and breaks, and the medium size being widely used in various ore and oversize material in the industries such as mine, metallurgy, building materials, highway, railway, water conservancy and chemical industry is broken.And jaw is the abrasion-proof accessories of jaw crusher inside, conventional material is high mangaenese steel, but material hardness uneven, wear no resistance, work-ing life is short, and toughness is bad, often ruptures, and causes user cost to increase.Rear employing low-alloy super-strength engineering machinery of the present invention wear resisting steel, direct-water-quenching after hot rolling, and then 250 DEG C of tempering 1.5 hours, last air cooling is to room temperature treatment, make the obdurability of jaw, wear resistance is obtained for and significantly improves, and then work-ing life is improved, cost declines, remarkable in economical benefits.
Claims (5)
1. a low-alloy super-strength engineering machinery wear resisting steel, by batching, smelt, cast, rolling and heat treated step manufacture, it is characterized in that: the chemical composition of described wear resisting steel is by mass percentage: C:0.33 ~ 0.34%, Si:0.47 ~ 0.78%, Mn:1.57 ~ 1.61%, Cr:1.24 ~ 2.18%, Mo:0.44 ~ 0.45%, V:0.048 ~ 0.073%, Ti:0.019 ~ 0.026%, S :≤0.004%, P:0.004 ~ 0.008%, B :≤0.002%, N:0.002 ~ 0.005%, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity,
Wherein said milling step adopts at least two step gross distortion rollings, and often walking draught is 30-59%.
2. wear resisting steel as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the mechanical property scope of described wear resisting steel is: tensile strength R
mbe 1700 ~ 2000MPa; Yield strength R
p0.2be 1390 ~ 1600MPa; Elongation after fracture A
5be not less than 9%; Relative reduction in area Z is not less than 38%; Impact of collision merit A 24 DEG C time
kv2be not less than 21J; Impact of collision merit A-40 DEG C time
kv2be not less than 21J; Rockwell hardness number HRC is not less than 40; Brinell hardness number HBW is not less than 450.
3. wear resisting steel as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the metallographic structure of its using state is: the tempered martensite with vanadium titanium carbonitride and small Carbide Precipitation particle.
4. a manufacture method for low-alloy super-strength engineering machinery wear resisting steel as claimed in claim 1, this manufacture method comprises batching, smelting, cast, rolling and heat treatment step, it is characterized in that:
(1) prepare burden: following chemical composition is prepared burden by mass percentage: C:0.33 ~ 0.34%, Si:0.47 ~ 0.78%, Mn:1.57 ~ 1.61%, Cr:1.24 ~ 2.18%, Mo:0.44 ~ 0.45%, V:0.048 ~ 0.073%, Ti:0.019 ~ 0.026%, S :≤0.004%, P:0.004 ~ 0.008%, B :≤0.002%, N:0.002 ~ 0.005%, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity;
(2) pour into a mould: the heating of plate blank to 1230 poured into DEG C ~ 1300 DEG C is incubated 1 ~ 2.5 hour;
(3) rolling: adopt two benches controlled rolling, first stage: start to carry out roughing at 1050 DEG C ~ 1150 DEG C, intermediate blank temperature controls at 950 DEG C ~ 1050 DEG C, roughing adds up draft at least 40%, subordinate phase: carry out finish rolling at 900 DEG C ~ 980 DEG C, finishing temperature control is at 850 DEG C ~ 900 DEG C, and finish rolling adds up draft at least 30%;
(4) thermal treatment: slab rolling directly carries out quench treatment after becoming steel plate, and 200 DEG C ~ 350 DEG C tempering 1 ~ 2 hour, then air cooling was to room temperature, obtained described low-alloy super-strength engineering machinery wear resisting steel.
5. manufacture method as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: the thickness of the steel plate after finish rolling is 12 ~ 20mm.
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| CN102618792A (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2012-08-01 | 莱芜钢铁集团有限公司 | High-strength abrasion-resistant steel for engineering machinery and manufacturing method thereof |
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