CN102908801B - Device capable of separating CO2 from CO2-containing gas mixture - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a device capable of separating CO2 from a CO2-containing gas mixture. The device consists of a gas compressor, a first air pipe, a separator, an accumulating container and a second air pipe, wherein the first air pipe comprises a first zooming pipe, a diversion blade, a central body and a diversion groove, the diversion blade and the central body are arranged at the tail part of the first zooming pipe, the diversion groove is arranged at the tail part of the first air pipe, the second air pipe comprises a second zooming pipe and a steam ejector, an air outlet of the gas compressor is connected to an air inlet of the first air pipe, the air outlet of the first air pipe is connected to the air inlet of the second air pipe, a material charging opening of the separator is connected with the division groove, and the accumulating container is connected to a material discharging opening of the separator. The device disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, low price, good operating conditions and no need of chemical additives and the replacement of membranes and adsorbents, and only needs to compress the CO2-containing gas mixture and eject the initial steam; only a small amount of steam is required for the start; and the gas separating technology of the device will be one of the most promising separating technologies.

Description

A kind of from containing CO 2separation of C O in mist 2device

Technical field

The present invention proposes a kind of from containing CO ₂separation of C O in mist ₂device, be specially adapted to the separated occasion of gas.

Background technology

The seriousness of greenhouse effects forces increasing country and international body to express the concern to CO2 emission problem.China is at CO ₂discharge aspect is being faced with the immense pressure day by day increasing, and expectation the year two thousand thirty front and back CO2 emission problem likely becomes one of topmost constraint of restriction Economic Growth in China.The final solution of CO2 emission problem need to rely on technological innovation.Except readjusting the energy structure, outside the carbon-free energy of focus development low-carbon (LC) (biomass energy, nuclear energy, solar energy, wind energy etc.) and raising efficiency of energy utilization, current control CO ₂the main countermeasure of discharge is that the separation of develop actively CO2 catches Plugging Technology Applied.There is at present technology that plurality of optional selects to catch for the separation of flue gas CO2.Some traditional separation methods are chemical absorption method for example, and in industry, application for many years, is also being carried out the improvement research of traditional separation method always, and novel isolation technics is also all in the experimental stage at present.Because separation of C O2 causes the rising of energy consumption, concerning CO2 reduces discharging, be tantamount to make the matter worse, its synthesis result must be seriously to aggravate the consumption of fossil energy, increases CO2 discharge capacity.Therefore, CO2 isolation technics it should be noted that the energy consumption problem of these isolation technics especially.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved by this invention is for above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, and provides a kind of super low energy consumption from containing CO ₂separation of C O in mist ₂device.

For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:

A kind of from containing CO ₂separation of C O in mist ₂device, it is characterized in that: this device consists of compressor, the first airduct, separator, accumulation tank and the second airduct, wherein the first airduct comprises the first shaped telescopic tube and guiding gutter, described guiding gutter is positioned at the afterbody of the first described airduct, and the second airduct comprises the second shaped telescopic tube and steam jet ejector; The air outlet of described compressor is connected with the air inlet of described the first airduct, the air outlet of the first airduct connects the air inlet of the second described airduct, the charging aperture of described separator is connected with described guiding gutter, and accumulation tank connects the discharging opening of described separator.

The first described shaped telescopic tube comprises throat and outlet, described throat opening area A ^*, discharge area A ₂and length L is respectively:

A ^*=q _m/(ρ ^*?a ^*)；

$A_2=q_m/({\mathrm{\ρ}}_0{(P_2/P_0)}^{1/k}\·\sqrt{\frac{2k}{k-1}{R}_g{T}_0[1-{\left(\frac{P_2}{P_0}\right)}^{\frac{k-1}{k}}});$

$L=\frac{(d2-d^{*})/2}{\tan \mathrm{\θ}/2};$

Wherein: q _mfor gas flow, k are adiabatic exponent, ρ ^*for the density of mist under critical condition, a ^*for critical velocity of sound, P ₀, T ₀and ρ ₀be respectively pressure, temperature and the density of mist under stagnation state, R _gfor 287.1 J/ of gas constant under normal temperature (kgK), P ₂for back pressure, d ^*for the diameter of throat, d ₂for the diameter of outlet, θ, for gradually putting the tip angle of part, generally gets 6 ° ~ 12 °.

Outlet at the first described shaped telescopic tube is also provided with a guide vane and a centerbody.

Each parameter value of the present invention's the first shaped telescopic tube is calculated by hydrodynamics relevant knowledge.By engineering fluid mechanics, known:

$\frac{P^{*}}{P_0}={\left(\frac{2}{k+1}\right)}^{\frac{k}{k-1}}---\left(1\right)$

$a^{*}=a_0\sqrt{\frac{2}{k+1}}---\left(2\right)$

$a_0=\sqrt{k{R}_g{T}_0}---\left(3\right)$

$V_2=\sqrt{\frac{2k}{k-1}{R}_g{T}_0[1-{\left(\frac{P_2}{P_0}\right)}^{\frac{k-1}{k}}]}---\left(4\right)$

${\mathrm{\ρ}}^{*}={\mathrm{\ρ}}_0{\left(\frac{2}{k+1}\right)}^{\frac{1}{k-1}}---\left(5\right)$

Above-mentioned various in: k adiabatic exponent, P ^*, ρ ^*be respectively pressure, the density of mist under critical condition, a ^*critical velocity of sound, P ₀, T ₀and ρ ₀be respectively pressure, temperature and the density of mist under stagnation state, a ₀stagnation velocity of sound, R _ggas constant 287.1 J/ (kgK) under normal temperature, P ₂back pressure, V ₂exit velocity.

By formula (1), in conjunction with assumed condition, obtain P ^*> P ₂, illustrate in throat and reached critical condition, adopt de Laval noz(zle) can obtain supersonic gas. , by formula (2) (3), obtain critical velocity of sound a ^*, the critical speed V of throat ^*=a ^*, by formula (4), obtain exit velocity V ₂, throat opening area A ^*=q _m/ (ρ ^*v ^*), bring formula (5) into above formula and obtain throat opening area A ^*thereby, calculate throat diameter d ^*, discharge area A ₂=q _m/ (ρ ₂v ₂), ρ wherein ₂=ρ ₀(P ₂/ P ₀) ^1/k, given data substitution is obtained to A ₂thereby, calculate outlet diameter d ₂, length , outlet temperature T ₂with back pressure P ₂there is following relation: so, by T ₂can determine P ₂value.

The effect of compressor of the present invention is exactly to adjust the mixture pressure that enters the first airduct, makes the gaseous mixture physical efficiency that enters the first shaped telescopic tube reach critical condition in throat, thereby can complete follow-up CO ₂separation and collection.

A kind of from containing CO ₂separation of C O in mist ₂method, it is characterized in that containing CO ₂mist obtains certain pressure (2 ~ 4bar) by compressor, and the certain pressure is here exactly the pressure P of mist under stagnation state ₀.After mist, enter the first airduct, this mist is lowered the temperature to the step-down of supersonic speed state by the first shaped telescopic tube speedup, by guide vane, enters gently centerbody region, under this state, and CO ₂condense into dry ice, CO ₂ice pellets along with one air-flow enters separator, is realized CO along guiding gutter ₂separation, isolated CO ₂ice pellets is collected in accumulation tank, and remaining gas is discharged and sent into the second airduct from separator top, and removes CO ₂after main flow mist after the second shaped telescopic tube deceleration supercharging, with above-mentioned gas, after the second airduct afterbody mixes, discharge.

Apparatus of the present invention consist of compressor, the first airduct, separator, accumulation tank, the second airduct.Before the first airduct, be provided with compressor, for initially containing CO ₂mist pressurization; The first shaped telescopic tube can will contain CO ₂mist reaches the effect of speedup step-down cooling, makes the CO of gaseous state ₂lower the temperature into ice pellets, guide vane can make containing CO ₂mist smoothly flows through, and avoids producing vortex phenomenon, and guiding gutter is used for CO ₂ice pellets is introduced in separator; Separator can fully be isolated the CO entering in air-flow wherein ₂ice pellets; Accumulation tank is used for collecting CO2 ice pellets, and the CO2 ice pellets in container, through evaporation process amount discharge container, is convenient to store; The second shaped telescopic tube can will remove CO ₂mist reach deceleration pressurization, steam jet ejector is used for making the second airduct afterbody originally to have certain back pressure.

The main feature of apparatus of the present invention is: cheap and simple, optimum service condition, do not need chemical addition agent, do not need to change film and adsorbent, only needing will be containing CO ₂mist compression and steam originally only need a small amount of steam, the gas separation of this device will become one of the most promising isolation technics when spraying, starting.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is: a kind of from containing CO ₂separation of C O in mist ₂installation drawing.

Fig. 2 is: the structural representation of shaped telescopic tube.

The specific embodiment

As shown in Figure 1, this device consists of compressor 1, airduct 2, separator 3, accumulation tank 4, airduct 5, and wherein airduct 2 comprises shaped telescopic tube 2-1, guide vane 2-2, centerbody 2-3 and guiding gutter 2-4, and airduct 5 comprises shaped telescopic tube 5-1 and steam jet ejector 5-2.Before airduct 2, be provided with compressor 1, for initially containing CO ₂mist pressurization; Shaped telescopic tube 2-1 comprises throat 6 and outlet 7, can will contain CO ₂mist reaches the effect of speedup step-down cooling, and guide vane 2-2 can make containing CO ₂mist smoothly flows through, and avoids producing vortex phenomenon, and guiding gutter 2-4 is used for CO ₂ice pellets is introduced in separator 3; Separator 3 can fully be isolated the CO entering in air-flow wherein ₂ice pellets; Accumulation tank 4 is for collecting CO2 ice pellets, and the CO2 ice pellets in container 4, through evaporation process amount discharge container, is convenient to store; Shaped telescopic tube 5-1 can will remove CO ₂mist reach deceleration pressurization, steam jet ejector 5-2 is used for making airduct 5 afterbodys originally to have certain back pressure.

A kind of from containing CO ₂separation of C O in mist ₂method, containing CO ₂mist obtains the laggard Gas inlet tube 2 of certain pressure (2 ~ 4bar) mist by compressor 1, and this mist is lowered the temperature to supersonic speed step-down by shaped telescopic tube 2-1 speedup, by guide vane 2-2, enters gently centerbody 2-3 region, under this state, and CO ₂condense into dry ice, CO ₂ice pellets along with one air-flow enters separator 3, is realized CO along guiding gutter 2-4 ₂separation, isolated CO ₂ice pellets is collected in accumulation tank 4, and remaining gas is discharged and sent into airduct 5 from separator 4 tops, and removes CO ₂after main flow mist after shaped telescopic tube 5-1 deceleration supercharging, with above-mentioned gas, after airduct 5 afterbodys mix, discharge.

Example:

Suppose adiabatic exponent k=1.4, stagnation parameter P ₀=0.4MP _a, T ₀=290K, back pressure P ₂=0.1MP _a, gas flow q _m=1kg/s.

By engineering fluid mechanics, known:

$\frac{P^{*}}{P_0}={\left(\frac{2}{k+1}\right)}^{\frac{k}{k-1}}---\left(1\right)$

$a^{*}=a_0\sqrt{\frac{2}{k+1}}---\left(2\right)$

$a_0=\sqrt{k{R}_g{T}_0}---\left(3\right)$

$V_2=\sqrt{\frac{2k}{k-1}{R}_g{T}_0[1-{\left(\frac{P_2}{P_0}\right)}^{\frac{k-1}{k}}]}---\left(4\right)$

${\mathrm{\ρ}}^{*}={\mathrm{\ρ}}_0{\left(\frac{2}{k+1}\right)}^{\frac{1}{k-1}}---\left(5\right)$

Above-mentioned various in: k adiabatic exponent, P ^*, ρ ^*be respectively pressure, the density of mist under critical condition, a ^*critical velocity of sound, P ₀, T ₀and ρ ₀be respectively pressure, temperature and the density of mist under stagnation state, a ₀stagnation velocity of sound, R _ggas constant 287.1 J/ (kgK) under normal temperature, P ₂back pressure, V ₂exit velocity.

By formula (1), in conjunction with assumed condition, obtain P ^*=0.211MP _a> P ₂, illustrate in throat and reached critical condition, adopt de Laval noz(zle) can obtain supersonic gas.

${\mathrm{\ρ}}_0=\frac{P_0}{R_g{T}_0}=4.8\mathrm{kg}/m^3.$

By formula (2) (3), obtain a ^*=311.67m/s.

The critical speed V of throat ^*=a ^*=311.67m/s.

By formula (4), obtain V ₂=436.59m/s.

Throat opening area A ^*=q _m/ (ρ ^*v ^*), bring formula (5) into above formula and obtain A ^*=0.001054m ².

Discharge area A ₂=q _m/ (ρ ₂v ₂), ρ wherein ₂=ρ ₀(P ₂/ P ₀) ^1/k, given data substitution is obtained to A ₂=0.001284m ².

Throat diameter d ^*=0.0366m.

Outlet diameter d ₂=0.0404m.

Get tip angle θ=10 ° of gradually putting part

$L=\frac{(d2-d^{*})/2}{\tan \mathrm{\θ}/2}=0.0217m$

Outlet temperature

Can be by the CO in mist at this temperature ₂composition is condensed into ice pellets, thereby realizes separated object.

Claims (1)

1. one kind from containing CO ₂separation of C O in mist ₂device, it is characterized in that: this device consists of compressor (1), the first airduct (2), separator (3), accumulation tank (4) and the second airduct (5), wherein the first airduct (2) comprises the first shaped telescopic tube (2-1) and guiding gutter (2-4), described guiding gutter (2-4) is positioned at the afterbody of described the first airduct (2), and the second airduct (5) comprises the second shaped telescopic tube (5-1) and steam jet ejector (5-2); The air outlet of described compressor (1) is connected with the air inlet of described the first airduct (2), the air outlet of the first airduct (2) connects the air inlet of described the second airduct (5), the charging aperture of described separator (3) is connected with described guiding gutter (2-4), and accumulation tank (4) connects the discharging opening of described separator (3); Outlet at described the first shaped telescopic tube (2-1) is also provided with a guide vane (2-2) and a centerbody (2-3).