CN102890281B - A kind of GPS hi-Fix measuring method for skyscraper - Google Patents
A kind of GPS hi-Fix measuring method for skyscraper Download PDFInfo
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- CN102890281B CN102890281B CN201210386777.7A CN201210386777A CN102890281B CN 102890281 B CN102890281 B CN 102890281B CN 201210386777 A CN201210386777 A CN 201210386777A CN 102890281 B CN102890281 B CN 102890281B
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Abstract
The present invention is specifically related to a kind of GPS hi-Fix measuring method for skyscraper.Its concrete scheme is as follows: first on the reference mark, survey district of two known coordinates in survey ground, district, skyscraper periphery, set up GPS, skyscraper top layer is tagged to arbitrarily floor reference mark A and B of few two unknown coordinates, and sets up GPS on A, B point; Thereafter simultaneous observation 30 ~ 45 minutes, calculates coordinate in construction coordinate system of floor reference mark A, B by the data observed and coordinate data is transferred to total powerstation; On floor end face, set up total powerstation subsequently, in total powerstation, the coordinate of layout point in construction coordinate system is treated in input, and the laser finally by total powerstation is sighted and treated layout point particular location.Advantage of the present invention does not limit by observation port, and the precision of measurement and setting-out is higher, easy and simple to handle, and work efficiency is higher, and the expansion usability of this method is strong, can be used in other different engineering projects.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to architectural engineering construction technique field, be specifically related to a kind of GPS hi-Fix measuring method for skyscraper.
Background technology
Building engineering construction measures the process through whole building operation, and setting out method and precision all play a very important role construction engineering quality and project progress.
Construction lofting is planimetric position engineering works on design drawing and elevation, surveys and is set to the surveying work got on the spot, be also called the construction line-putting by certain surveying instrument and method.Construction lofting is specifically according to the design size of buildings, find out the geometric relationship of position between buildings each several part unique point and reference mark, calculate to obtain the setting out datas such as distance, angle, elevation, then utilize reference mark, that makes buildings on the spot treats layout point, and constructs accordingly.
At present, in construction work, plane and elevation are generally separately carried out by construction survey work.In high-building construction, the common method of datum plane transmission has: sash weight method, transit tiltedly throw survey method, laser optical method, longitude and latitude zenith instrument and nadir instrument Vertical method etc.Wherein sash weight method is comparatively traditional method, have the advantages that equipment is simple, easy and simple to handle, but precision is lower, the factor such as easy climate, wind impact during test; It is higher, easy and simple to handle that survey method precision tiltedly thrown by transit, and measuring speed is very fast, but throw survey inclination angle and should not be greater than 45 °, otherwise comparatively big error will be caused, and be not suitable for the testing of high-rise, simultaneously testing work and precision comparatively large by weather effect, should not operation under the bad climates such as wind and rain mist; Laser optical method, longitude and latitude zenith instrument and this few Zhang Fangfa of nadir instrument Vertical method have that measuring accuracy is high, method is easy, the advantage that measuring speed is fast, it is present stage skyscraper common method, but need reserve observation port in each aspect and keep observation port unimpeded, when unsighted, exceed certain altitude or natural conditions not good time, testing just cannot be carried out, and limitation is larger.
As from the foregoing, the application of the construction survey method of routine building in skyscraper or high-rise building is more difficult meets code requirement and measuring accuracy.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is according to above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art part, a kind of GPS hi-Fix measuring method for skyscraper is provided, this locating measurement method calculates the concrete coordinate of floor reference mark in construction coordinate system by GPS, and sighted by total powerstation and treat the particular location of layout point on floor end face, accurately measure and the object of setting-out to reach.
The object of the invention realizes being completed by following technical scheme:
A kind of GPS hi-Fix measuring method for skyscraper, specifically for determining that skyscraper random layer treats the planimetric position setting-out of layout point, it is characterized in that comprising the steps: 1. to survey in skyscraper periphery the reference mark, survey district that ground, district arranges at least two known coordinates, and on skyscraper top layer, be tagged to arbitrarily floor reference mark A and B of few two unknown coordinates; When 2. constructing, on described reference mark, survey district and floor reference mark A and B, set up GPS and centering respectively, open described GPS simultaneously, simultaneous observation 30 ~ 45 minutes; 3. gather the observation data in described GPS and transfer to computing machine and carry out Baselines and compensating computation, control to count obtaining the coordinate in construction coordinate system of described floor reference mark A and B by the survey district of described known coordinate, simultaneously by the coordinates transmission of described floor reference mark A and B in construction coordinate system in total powerstation; 4. on described floor end face, set up total powerstation, adopt known point to establish station or Free Station method; 5. in described total powerstation, the coordinate of layout point in construction coordinate system is treated in input, finds the coordinate treating layout point accurately and also uses laser designation, finally mark the described exact position for the treatment of layout point at described laser designation point place groove by described total powerstation.
Described reference mark, survey district is buried the concrete with forced centering apparatus or steel structure observation pier underground, described GPS fixed mount is located on described observation pier.
Described reference mark, survey district covers whole construction area, and the distance surveyed between reference mark, district and described skyscraper is greater than 300 meters.
After the particular location of described floor reference mark A and B on floor is selected, spray paint or bury cement steel nail underground with the use made a check mark in the floor reference mark described in aligning.
Step 4. in when the erection of described total powerstation adopts known point to establish station method, described total powerstation is placed in A place, floor reference mark, and a prism holder is located at B place, floor reference mark, to make described total station instrument coordinate system consistent with the coordinate of construction system.
Described total powerstation setting out method adopts polar method.
Step 4. described in total powerstation erection adopt Freedom Station, described total powerstation is erected at the arbitrfary point place of described floor end face, and by the distance between measuring and calculating and described floor reference mark A and B to calculate the coordinate of erection point in construction coordinate system of total powerstation.
Advantage of the present invention is, does not limit by floor observation port; Precision of control point is high, and error can not add up to transmit; Achieve digital intelligent measurement, setting-out, reduce personal error; The target of setting-out simultaneously is automatically sighted and has laser designation; Easy and simple to handle, work efficiency is higher, and the expansion usability of this method is strong, can be used in other different engineering projects.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is construction area planimetric map of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the floor map measuring floor reference mark coordinate time in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the operating diagram measuring floor reference mark coordinate time in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the observation pier schematic diagram in the present invention;
Fig. 5 is spraying marking plate of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is floor layout point schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is construction coordinate system in the present invention and axis coordinate system;
Fig. 8 is that the total powerstation known point in the present invention establishes station method schematic diagram;
Fig. 9 is the pole coordinates lofting method schematic diagram in the present invention;
Figure 10 is floor template line adjustment setting-out schematic diagram in the present invention;
Figure 11 is the Free Station with Total Station electronic Thacheometer method schematic diagram in the present invention.
Embodiment
Feature of the present invention and other correlated characteristic are described in further detail by embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, so that the understanding of technician of the same trade:
Be respectively as marked 1-11 in Fig. 1-11, figure: floor end face 1, GPS 2, GPS 3, GPS 4, GPS 5, forced centering instrument 6, observation pier 7, marking plate 8, layout point 9, total powerstation 10, prism 11.
Embodiment one: as shown in Figure 1, the present embodiment, for Shanghai Pujiang affordable housing PC project, is specifically related to a kind of GPS hi-Fix measuring method for skyscraper.Before project comes into effect, mapping authoritative institution provides four, reference mark, measuring high-grade survey district for this project, and be specially GPS1, GPS2, GPS3 and GPS4, the distribution at four described reference mark, Ge Ce district covers whole construction area.
As shown in figs. 2-9, the realization of the present embodiment specifically comprises the steps:
1. the reference mark, survey district of GPS1 and GPS2 2 as skyscraper periphery is first chosen, and on the floor end face 1 of skyscraper, mark arbitrarily floor reference mark A and B of two unknown coordinates, wherein this Liang Gece district reference mark coordinate is known, by Surveying And Mapping Institute, authoritative institution provides, and floor reference mark A and B should be laid in the place of mutual intervisibility as far as possible.
2. thereafter at survey reference mark, district GPS1 and GPS2 place erection observation pier 7, the material of observation pier 7 can select reinforced concrete structure or steel structure, the top of observation pier 7 is provided with GPS 4 and GPS 5, forced centering instrument 6 is provided with, in order to the forced centering to GPS 4 and GPS 5 between described GPS and observation pier 7; Adopt the triangle marking plate 8 of a hollow out simultaneously and spray paint on floor end face 1 in order to mark floor reference mark A and B, or adopt and bury cement steel nail underground with the use made a check mark, after floor reference mark A and B is labeled, set up GPS 2 and GPS 3 thereon.Wherein GPS adopts come card GPS dual-frequency receiver, and its nominal accuracy reaches 3mm+0.5ppm.
3. described GPS 2, GPS 3, GPS 4 and GPS 5 is opened, carry out static observation simultaneously, the simultaneous observation time is about 30 minutes, then the data that described four GPS observe being transferred to computing machine uses LeicaGeoOffice software to carry out Baseline Survey and compensating computation, calculated the coordinate of floor reference mark A and B by the known coordinate surveying reference mark, district GPS1 and GPS2, be converted to the planimetric coordinates in construction coordinate system and transfer in total powerstation.
4. tradition is used to hang the height value of steel ruler method pilot measurement floor end face 1.
5. known point is adopted to establish station method to set up total powerstation 10 on floor end face 1: total powerstation 10 to be erected at the floor reference mark A on floor end face 1, prism 11 is erected at the floor reference mark B on floor end face 1, complete establish stand firm to, matching step 4. in the height value of floor end face 1 of pilot measurement, the coordinate system of total powerstation 10 and construction coordinate system system are consistent, that wherein total powerstation 10 adopts is high-precision total powerstation come card TS30, and its angle measurement accuracy is 0.5 ", distance accuracy is 1mm+1ppm.
6. treat that layout point is specially each post central point on floor end face 1, according to construction design drawing, calculated the centre coordinate (i.e. the coordinate of layout point 9) of each post on floor end face 1 by come card COGO program, use the approach such as CF card or data line to be uploaded in total powerstation 10 by the coordinate of layout point 9 in construction coordinate system.If floor does not have special change, the coordinate (i.e. post centre coordinate) of ground floor layout point 9 can continue to use the every aspect to this building.
7. setting-out: setting-out adopts polar method, floor reference mark A, floor reference mark B and layout point 9 (namely the putting C) coordinate in construction coordinate system is known, therefore the grid bearing angle α that outlet is calculated in advance can be calculated, being surveyed by floor reference mark A establishes distance namely to put C to layout point 9(again), this calculating automatically completes in total powerstation 10; Total powerstation 10 angles of display difference △ Hz and range difference △ d in real time during construction, total powerstation 10 goes to AC line direction automatically, mobile setting-out prism 11, layout point 9(point C when range difference △ d is 0) design position on the spot corresponding to coordinate, now namely put C at layout point 9() place has red laser to indicate, and conveniently orients layout point 9.
For reaching the high precision of measurement and positioning and setting-out, the item below for should be noted in measurement and setting-out process:
Surveying reference mark, district surrounding environment should be as far as possible open, ensures that elevation angle more than 15 ° is unobstructed; It is hard that some position buries quality underground, avoids the current crimp such as sedimentation and heavy vehicle; Leave hi-line, communication 200 meters, wireless transmit source.
Floor reference mark should be laid in the place of mutual intervisibility as far as possible, and frame website and layout point also should keep as far as possible many intervisibilities.
When carrying out GPS static state raw data acquisition, respective storey overhead should avoid pylon to drive a vehicle, and is interfered to prevent gps satellite signal.
Embodiment two: as shown in Figure 10, the method in embodiment one is used to adjust setting-out to floor template line, first GPS is used by survey reference mark, district pilot measurement to floor reference mark A and B on floor end face 1, then total powerstation 10 is set up, the reference line program in total powerstation is used to portray out by the physical location of template line, as template line aa and bb in figure, namely last workman completes to tram according to portraying line adjustment masterplate.
Embodiment three: as shown in figure 11, in embodiment one, the erection of total powerstation 10 on floor end face 1 adopts known point to establish station method, will adopt Freedom Station in this enforcement.The planimetric coordinates of floor reference mark A and B on floor end face 1 has been measured with the height value of the floor end face 1 hanging steel ruler pilot measurement and has been learnt, use the resection program in total powerstation 10 to record the planimetric coordinates of total powerstation 10 in construction coordinate system, and synchronously complete the orientation of total powerstation 10; Consider that the height of instrument directly measuring total powerstation 10 is not accurate enough, therefore use the elevation transmission procedure of total powerstation 10, the elevation of floor end face 1 is delivered to the center of total powerstation 10.So far total powerstation 10 is in construction coordinate system, just can carry out setting-out construction thereafter.
Claims (6)
1. the GPS hi-Fix measuring method for skyscraper, specifically for determining that skyscraper random layer treats the planimetric position setting-out of layout point, it is characterized in that comprising the steps: 1. to survey in skyscraper periphery the reference mark, survey district that ground, district arranges at least two known coordinates, and on skyscraper top layer, be tagged to arbitrarily floor reference mark A and B of few two unknown coordinates; When 2. constructing, on described reference mark, survey district and floor reference mark A and B, set up GPS and centering respectively, open described GPS simultaneously, simultaneous observation 30 ~ 45 minutes; 3. gather the observation data in described GPS and transfer to computing machine and carry out Baselines and compensating computation, control to count obtaining the coordinate in construction coordinate system of described floor reference mark A and B by the survey district of described known coordinate, simultaneously by the coordinates transmission of described floor reference mark A and B in construction coordinate system in total powerstation; 4. on floor end face, total powerstation is set up, known point is adopted to establish station or Free Station method, when described total powerstation erection employing known point establishes station method, described total powerstation is placed in A place, floor reference mark, and a prism holder is located at B place, floor reference mark, to make described total station instrument coordinate system consistent with the coordinate of construction system; 5. in described total powerstation, the coordinate of layout point in construction coordinate system is treated in input, finds the coordinate treating layout point accurately and also uses laser designation, finally mark the described exact position for the treatment of layout point at described laser designation point place groove by described total powerstation.
2. a kind of GPS hi-Fix measuring method for skyscraper according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described reference mark, survey district is buried underground the concrete or steel structure observation pier with forced centering apparatus, described GPS fixed mount is located on described observation pier.
3. a kind of GPS hi-Fix measuring method for skyscraper according to claim 1, is characterized in that described reference mark, survey district covers whole construction area, and the distance surveyed between reference mark, district and described skyscraper is greater than 300 meters.
4. a kind of GPS hi-Fix measuring method for skyscraper according to claim 1, it is characterized in that spray paint or bury cement steel nail underground with the use made a check mark in the floor reference mark described in aligning after the particular location of described floor reference mark A and B on floor is selected.
5. a kind of GPS hi-Fix measuring method for skyscraper according to claim 1, is characterized in that described total powerstation setting out method adopts polar method.
6. a kind of GPS hi-Fix measuring method for skyscraper according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the total powerstation erection described in step 4. adopts Freedom Station, described total powerstation is erected at the arbitrfary point place of described floor end face, and by the distance between measuring and calculating and described floor reference mark A and B to calculate the coordinate of erection point in construction coordinate system of total powerstation.
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Application publication date: 20130123 Assignee: Shanghai Tongxiada Artificial Intelligence Technology Co.,Ltd. Assignor: SHANGHAI INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION Co.,Ltd. Contract record no.: X2024310000162 Denomination of invention: A high-precision GPS positioning measurement method for high-rise buildings Granted publication date: 20160406 License type: Common License Record date: 20240918 |