CN102845297B - Breeding method of rape variety suitable for machine harvesting and sowing - Google Patents
Breeding method of rape variety suitable for machine harvesting and sowing Download PDFInfo
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Landscapes
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method of a rape variety suitable for machine harvesting and sowing. The method is as below: using a rape variety (8901* 94Y16) F2 as a female parent, hybridizing with (8705 *Shi Lifeng) F4 as a male parent to obtain an F0 seed; sowing the F0 seed; selecting an excellent individual plant for mixed sowing; carrying out years of continuous self-crossing from an F2; carrying out bagging inbred on the individual plant since an F3; rigorously analysing quality of individual plant in the indoor; cleaning out plants with unqualified double low indexes to ensure excellent and stable quality of offspring; and gaining a novel strain 2808 of a conventional cabbage type rape with high quality, double low, disease resistance, high and stable yield and lodging resistance until an F6. The rape bred by the method has advantages of high quality, double low, full and round rapeseed, high thousand seed weight, black seed, good commodity, excellent disease resistance, high and stable yield, good agronomic traits, excellent lodging resistance, strong self regulation ability, good plant type, good maturity performance, constant maturity, suitability for machine harvesting and sowing, and cost saving.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the breeding method of a Plants, more specifically to a kind of suitable machine, receive the breeding method in machine sowing rape variety town 2808.
Background technology
Along with growth in the living standard, urban and rural residents constantly increase the demand of high-quality vegetable oil, and domestic market is always larger to the inlet pressure of rape seed.To account for the proportion of China's rape gross yield more and more large for national rape seed import volume in recent years; The stable high yield of double-low rapeseed kind, high-quality and resistance restrict mutually, can not and deposit, and existing rape variety is difficult to be applicable to modern cropping system, is not suitable with the needs of modern farming level and economic development.Traditional rape cultivation mode has seriously hindered the industrialized development of China's rape.In recent years, due in the world as the scale mechanization of the developed country such as Canadian, Australian, European rape production etc. the production cost of rape bank up the roots of seedlings is significantly reduced, cause the price of rape bank up the roots of seedlings on international market, rape oil and dish cake on a declining curve generally.And China's rape is produced dispersion, mechanization degree is low, be suitable for breed improvement and the serious hysteresis of cultivation research of mechanization production
[, in competition in the international market advantage, be in a disadvantageous position.Therefore, when strengthening improvement quality, improving oil content, strengthen being applicable to the seed selection that machine is received machine sowing rape variety, advance the entire mechanization planting technology of rape, to promoting rape benign development, become the current key measure of breaking restriction rape development bottleneck.Along with industrial high speed development, rural laborer's structure changes, and the seed selection research of the rape variety of saving of labor's abridged edition and the research of corresponding corresponding cultivation techniques are seemed to particularly urgent.Facts have proved, on plant forms, seed selection plant type is compact, the suitable machine of proper height (155-165cm) is received in the Breeding Process of machine sowing rape variety, still need to strengthen the selection of individual plant productivity, the rape individuality of high individual plant productivity is received under machine sowing condition and could be kept high yield characteristics at machine, optimize Yield And Yield Components, be molded in " source ", " storehouse ", " stream " idealized model under new cropping system: rich " source ", under the prerequisite that increases density, mould plant ideal form, set up the group structure of high light efficiency, accumulate more material; " storehouse " foot, improves colony's seed and coordinates, and improves unit are grain husk flower amount and grain storage capacity (thousand kernel weight); " stream " is smooth, on the sufficient basis in " source ", " storehouse ", will possess the circularity that high ripening rate is become reconciled, and is in particular in ripe mutually goodly, and annesl is normal, the many and seed neat and consistent of every angle real grain number, and plumpness is good.
At present, it is nervous that world's grease supply has been tending towards, and China faces the problem of oil supply quantity not sufficient equally.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art and problem, provide a kind of effective seed selection fast to possess suitable machine and receive the breeding method that the stable high yield high-quality double-low rapeseed kind of machine sowing economical character is the suitable machine receipts machine sowing rape variety of promotion rape industry benign development, thereby cultivate the new rape variety that suitable machine is received machine sowing rape variety, make it obtain large scale application, promote the occupation rate of market of good rape variety, promote the benign development of rape industry.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, applicant is through repetition test for many years, in many hybridization schemes and selection, find, the technical solution adopted in the present invention can well reach goal of the invention, the technical scheme adopting is as follows: a kind of suitable machine is received the breeding method of machine sowing rape variety, comprises the following steps:
A) select free (8901 * 94Y16) F with excellent economical character and high yield characteristics
2make female parent, with free Wild cabbage type normal rapeseed kind (8705 * Shi Lifeng) F that lodging resistance is strong, plant type is compact that has
4make paternal hybrid and obtain F
066, seed;
B) selection makes improvements: by F
0after planting, F
0plant 3 row, after mixed receipts, select elite seedling 13 strains, then carry out mixed seeding, from F
2beginning is through selfing separation continuously for many years, F
3the plantation of minute plant, select in excellent excellent, F
4plant planting density strengthens later, presses F to strengthen the selection of the high yield rape plant type that is applicable to do mechanization operation
5take by individual plant lively, under conditions of high density, screen target individual plant, to F
6excellent middle choosing carried out the evaluation of strain output excellent time, select performance output high, resistance, 3 of Comprehensive Traits excellence and stable strains, 3 elected stable strains carry out new lines variety comparative test, select to obtain two low, disease-resistant, the anti-fall conventional cabbage type rape new lines of the stable high yield towns 2808 of high-quality.
In Breeding Process, from F
3start individual plant to be carried out to bagging selfing, at indoor minute individual plant, carry out strict attributional analysis, eliminate two low index individual plants not really up to the mark, guarantee the good stable of offspring's quality.
On triage techniques, each from generation to generation in menu strain must possess branching-point height and in 50cm, primary branch and mobile jib angle, be less than 60 degree, angle and really there is with cane angle is suitable etc. the economical character that is well subject to light attitude.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, seed is good, and commodity is good, and quality is two low: full seed is perfectly round, and thousand kernel weight is high, and bank up the roots of seedlings grain is black, and commodity is good.According to 2010, by economizing the unified sampling of seed stations, deliver Ministry of Agriculture's quality testing center test result: 3.87 grams of thousand kernel weight.Oil content is more than 40%, glucosinolate content < 30umol/g cake powder, and content of erucic acid < 1%, all meets national high-quality double-low rapeseed standard.
2, resistance is outstanding, and yield stability is good: this kind all has good resistance to stalk break and virus disease.The unified sampling evaluation in Institute of Plant Protection, academy of agricultural sciences, Jiangsu Province in 2010, stalk break is lighter, the incidence of disease 18.75%, disease refers to 12.20, anti-in performance.Cold resistance is good.Other mixed natural disposition diseases are light, and the later stage is ripe mutually good.Town 2808 stem stalks are sturdy, and lodging resistance is good, and yield stability is good, and structure of output is reasonable, and ripe uniformity is better, and plant type is compact, and angle is oblique ascension upwards really, and resistance to cracking angle property is strong, and suitable machine is received machine sowing.
3, yielding ability is good, and structure of output is coordinated, and Self-regulation ability is strong: this Varieties In The Seedling Stage is upright, tongue phase robust growth, and the spring is sent out by force, and the florescence concentrates, and grain closeer, and structure of output is reasonable, and ripe uniformity is better.General 180 kilograms of per mu yields (high yield field can reach more than 250 kilograms), No. 1 volume increase of contrast Soviet Union oil, proper height, 160.92cm, 8.52 of primary branch numbers, 4.60 of secondary branch amounts, 375.38 of the effective branch amounts of complete stool, angular length 6.77cm, every seed number per pod is more, be 21.37,3.87 grams of thousand kernel weight.Self-regulation ability is strong, easily cultivation.
4, plant type is good, ripe mutually good: this product seedling low body is strong, and leaf is tall and straight, easily obtain strong sprout, dark green leaf color, branchiness is strong, plant type is compact, tall and straight, and branch and angle be oblique ascension upwards really, be subject to light attitude good, functional period of leaf is long, later stage annesl high conformity, ripe mutually good, about the 243 days time of infertility, slower than No. 3 summaries of chilli oil, more Zao than No. 1 summary of Soviet Union's oil.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is breeding method breeding pedigree schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment: further set forth technical scheme of the present invention in conjunction with Fig. 1 and table 1.
Suitable machine is received the breeding method in machine sowing rape variety town 2808, specific as follows:
1) F
0hybridization: select Wild cabbage type normal rapeseed kind (8901 * 94Y16) F that free lodging resistance is strong, plant type is compact for 2002
2do maternal, good and there is good economical character 8705 * Shi Lifeng with free yielding ability) F
4make paternal hybrid and obtain F
066, seed;
2) F
1selfing: will gather in the crops then seed in 2002 and plant 3 row, the individual plant that selective advantage is strong, economical character is good mixes receipts, and obtaining many, seed is F
1.
3) F
2selfing: 2003 by F
1sowing, only controls not diseases prevention of worm in field, select the individual plant that midwifery growing way is good, disease is light, carries out indoor species test and quality restriction simultaneously, and single pearl proterties and poor the eliminating of two low-quality performance, choose the numbering " S028 " doing very well and reserve seed for planting, be i.e. F
2.
4) F
3selfing: 2004 the F reserving seed for planting
2the sowing of minute individual plant, only controls not diseases prevention of worm, and the individual plant that disease is light, Comprehensive Traits is good is received in choosing, carries out indoor species test and quality restriction simultaneously, single pearl proterties and poor the eliminating of two low-quality performances, and wherein numbering " S179 " behaves oneself best, and choosing that 16 strains reserve seed for planting is F
3.
5) F
4selfing: 2005 by the 16 strain F that obtain
3at the indoor attributional analysis that carries out, choose 9 strain elite seedlings, divide individual plant sowing, strengthen planting density, only control not diseases prevention of worm, the individual plant that disease is light, Comprehensive Traits is good is received in choosing, carry out indoor species test and quality restriction, what single pearl proterties and two low-quality performances were poor eliminates simultaneously, and it is F that the individual plant of choosing numbering " S089 " is reserved seed for planting
4.
6) F
5selfing: 2006 by the F obtaining
4divide individual plant to carry out direct-seeding planting, strengthen planting density simultaneously, only control not diseases prevention of worm, select performance stable, excellent quality individual plant, chooses the individual plant of numbering " S118 " and reserves seed for planting, be i.e. F
5.
7) F
6selfing: 2007 by the F obtaining
55 strains of selected plantation are selected in excellent and are carried out the evaluation of strain output in excellent, carry out direct-seeding planting, strengthen planting density simultaneously, only control not diseases prevention of worm, select to show output high, resistance, 3 of Comprehensive Traits excellence and stable strains in numbering " 518 ".
8) 3 elected stable strains were carried out to new lines variety comparative test in 2008, carry out direct-seeding planting, strengthen planting density simultaneously, only control not diseases prevention of worm, elected wherein 1 show as High quality and diseases resistance high yield, agronomic shape outstanding obtain suitable machine receive machine sowing conventional cabbage type rape town 2808, i.e. F
7; Continue excellent middle excellent maintenance town 2808 special excellent economical character and the quality selected later.
9) within 2009, recommend to participate in Jiangsu Province's high-quality normal rapeseed preliminary experiment;
10) within 2010, promote and participate in Jiangsu Province's high-quality normal rapeseed regional test;
11) within 2011, continue to participate in Jiangsu Province's high-quality normal rapeseed regional test, have outstanding performance.
In above-mentioned selection, each from generation to generation in the requirement of elite seedling of choosing be: possess branching-point height and in 50cm, primary branch and mobile jib angle, be less than 60 degree, angle and really there is with cane angle is suitable etc. the economical character that is well subject to light attitude.From F
3start individual plant to be carried out to bagging selfing, at indoor minute individual plant, carry out strict attributional analysis, eliminate two low index individual plants not really up to the mark, guarantee the good stable of offspring's quality.
The town 2808 culture technique main points that breeding method of the present invention is bred as are as follows:
Through planting experimentally, town 2808 is transplanted 200 kilograms of above output of per mu yield and is formed: transplant 8000-10000 strain for every mu, plant height 160 left and right, 8-10 of primary branch numbers, 5-6 of secondary branch amounts, 400 left and right of the effective branch amount of complete stool, angular length 7.0cm, 22 left and right of every seed number per pod, thousand kernel weight is 4.2 grams of left and right.Machine is received 170 kilograms of above output of machine sowing per mu yield and is formed: every mu live 0.35-0.50 kilogram, and plant height 160 left and right, 5-8 of primary branch numbers, secondary branch amount 3-4,340 left and right of the effective branch amount of complete stool, angular length 7.0cm, 20 left and right of every seed number per pod, thousand kernel weight is more than 4.0 grams.Town 2808 belongs to ripe two low cabbage type rapes in semiwinternesses, and flower bud is large, it is large to spend, and really endure at angle, and individual plant effective angle fruit number is many.Rational close planting, reach seedling and intertill to loosen the soil in time and eliminate a short early morning, and raising Population Quality, accomplishes fluently high yield basis, is guaranteeing on the basis of suitable Basic Seedling.Promote angle fruit number to grow, thereby reach the object that the many and balance of angle fruit, grain are striven for high yield greatly,, on the basis of angle of stability fruit number, increase a grain number, improve grain heavy, capture high yield.
The technical essential that should grasp is:
1, proper seeding: North Jiangsu Area should be sowed about September 5, and the riverine area of Su Zhonghe was sowed about September 10, and southern area of Jiangsu Province was sowed about September 15.0.5-0.6 kg/acre of the seedbed amount of broadcasting, accomplishes light seeding, even broadcasting, and guarantees to transplant strong sprout.After emerging, want timely thinning, about 40 days length of time rice seedlings grow.
2, cultivate strong sprout: seedbed is controlled at 1:5-6 left and right with land for growing field crops ratio, uses sufficient base fertilizer, uses boron fertilizer and phosphorus potash fertilizer.
3, rational close planting: transplanting time was advisable with late October, at the latest the first tenday period of a month in November.Transplanting Density is generally at 0.8-1.0 ten thousand/mu, and Fertilization Level is high, transplanting field early can suitably reduce.Take the transplanting method of the narrow strain of wide row, distance between rows and hills is 1.2 chis * 5-6 cun.Live 0.35-0.50 kilogram, density is 1.3-1.5 ten thousand/mu, eliminates in time.After thinning final singling, distance between rows and hills is 1.2 chi * 4-5 cun.
4, rich water quality management: execute purity nitrogen 15-20 kilogram for every mu, heavy dressing base manure, suitably early executes and carry seed manure and tongue fertilizer.Wherein base manure should account for 60% of total fertilizing amount, and guarantees that N, P, K, B coordinate, and transplants after living and early executes and carry seed manure, guarantees to survive the winter strong sprout, and tongue be executed fertile suitably morning, at the beginning of generally resting in late January or 2 months, during high 2-3 centimetres of tongue, uses.
5, disease pest and weed control: do native list processing with rape herbicides special before transplanting, control the weed growth of the whole season of growth of rape.Seedling stage keypoint control aphid and cabbage caterpillar.Firstization phase spray medicine is prevented and treated stalk break, and the time full-bloom stage that rainwater is many is prevented once again, has ready conditions and can add the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of spray one time 1-2% and 3% borax solution.
Below by pilot experiment and demonstration, plant experimentally result and further set forth beneficial effect of the present invention.
1. result of the test and yield level
1.1 result of the test
Within 2008, in this institute, carry out approval test, 196.42 kilograms of average yield per mus, carry out variety comparative test in this institute in 8.91%, 2009 year Bi Dui Zhao Shi Lifeng volume increase, and 204.92 kilograms of average yield per mus, Bi Dui Zhao Shi Lifeng volume increase 10.03%.Within 2010, be lifted at Jiangsu Province's high-quality normal rapeseed preliminary experiment, 151.40 kilograms of average yield per mus (multiple underproduction year of rape disease), than contrast chilli oil No. 3 8.73%.177.68 kilograms of average yield per mus in economizing regional test in 2011, than No. 3 volume increase 1.68% of contrast chilli oil, occupy the 2nd.
1.2 yield level
180 kilograms of general per mu yields, high yield field can reach more than 250 kilograms.Liang Nian economizes in pilot experiment, and during 12 points are inferior, performance 9 increases 3 and subtracts, and 6 amounts of increase in production are more than 5%.Within 2011, this institute shows test, and 210.63 kilograms of per mu yields, than number volume increase 5.12% of contrast chilli oil.Within 2011, in Danyang, Jiangsu, do omnidistance mechanical work demonstration side (machine sowing of machine receipts), average yield per mu reaches 173.21 kilograms, and this strain later stage is ripe mutually good, ripe high conformity, obtain the favorable comment at local government and plantation family, greatly inspired the confidence of plantation family to rape production mechanization.
Table 1: breeding method seed selection process of the present invention
Claims (1)
1. suitable machine is received a breeding method for machine sowing rape variety, it is characterized in that, the method comprises the following steps:
A) select free (8901 * 94Y16) F with excellent economical character and high yield characteristics
2make female parent, with free Wild cabbage type normal rapeseed kind (8705 * Shi Lifeng) F that lodging resistance is strong, plant type is compact that has
4make paternal hybrid and obtain F
066, seed;
B) selection makes improvements: by F
0after planting, F
0plant 3 row, after mixed receipts, select elite seedling 13 strains, then carry out mixed seeding, from F
2beginning is through selfing separation continuously for many years, F
3the plantation of minute plant, select in excellent excellent, F
4plant planting density strengthens later, presses F to strengthen the selection of the high yield rape plant type that is applicable to do mechanization operation
5take by individual plant lively, under conditions of high density, screen target individual plant, to F
6excellent middle choosing carried out the evaluation of strain output excellent time, select performance output high, resistance, 3 of Comprehensive Traits excellence and stable strains, 3 elected stable strains carry out new lines variety comparative test, select to obtain two low, disease-resistant, the anti-fall conventional cabbage type rape new lines of the stable high yield towns 2808 of high-quality;
Step B) in, from F
3start individual plant to be carried out to bagging selfing, at indoor minute individual plant, carry out strict attributional analysis, eliminate two low index individual plants not really up to the mark, guarantee the good stable of offspring's quality;
Step B), in, each elite seedling selecting is from generation to generation to possess branching-point height to be less than 60 degree, the angle fruit individual plant with the economical character that be well subject to light attitude suitable with cane angle in 50cm, primary branch and mobile jib angle.
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| CN110476744A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2019-11-22 | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 | Floral leaf character is increasing the application on rape group child's hair twisted in a knot-childhood pericarp area |
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| CN105981645A (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2016-10-05 | 江西农业大学 | Efficient breeding method for early-maturing, high-yield and multi-resistant Brassica campestris L. |
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| CN101336611B (en) * | 2008-07-04 | 2010-12-29 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Breeding method of good quality, double-low, disease-resistant, high yield, lodging-resistant rape |
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| 岳绪国等.适合全程机械化作业油菜新品种镇油5号的选育实践与思考.《江苏农业科学》.2010,(第3期),112-115. * |
| 岳绪国等.适合全程机械化作业的双低油菜新品种镇油5号（原名镇2405）的选育及其高产栽培技术.《安徽农业科学》.2010,第38卷(第23期),第12384页左栏第22行-右栏第3行，图1. * |
| 适合全程机械化作业油菜新品种镇油5号的选育实践与思考;岳绪国等;《江苏农业科学》;20101231(第3期);112-115 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110476744A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2019-11-22 | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 | Floral leaf character is increasing the application on rape group child's hair twisted in a knot-childhood pericarp area |
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