CN102816082B - 苯甲酰胺类衍生物及制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
苯甲酰胺类衍生物及制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102816082B CN102816082B CN201210138453.1A CN201210138453A CN102816082B CN 102816082 B CN102816082 B CN 102816082B CN 201210138453 A CN201210138453 A CN 201210138453A CN 102816082 B CN102816082 B CN 102816082B
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Abstract
本发明提供一种苯甲酸酯类衍生物,通过化学方法合成一系列苯甲酸酯衍生物,包括酯类化合物、(硫)醚类化合物和酰胺类化合物,合成的化合物大部分具有新的化学结构,并通过体外细胞活性实验证实所合成的苯甲酸酯衍生物有很显著的类似神经生长因子NGF的活性,体内动物实验证实合成的新化合物2,3-二羟基苯甲酸十四脂具有增强老年小鼠记忆的效果,因此苯甲酸酯类衍生物可在制备预防及治疗老年痴呆症神经退行性疾病药物中应用,尤其是在制备治疗阿尔茨海默症(AD)等神经退行性疾病药物中的应用。本发明开拓了苯甲酸酯衍生物新的药物用途,制备方法合理,操作简便。为预防及治疗老年痴呆症等神经退行性疾病提供新的治疗药物。
Description
(本案是申请号:2001010103089.6,名称为苯甲酸酯类衍生物及制备方法和应用的分案申请)
技术领域
本发明属化合物制备方法及应用,涉及苯甲酸酯类衍生物的制备方法,以及该类化合物在预防及治疗老年痴呆症等神经退行性疾病中的应用。
背景技术
老年性痴呆症大致可分为三大类型:阿尔茨海默症(Alzheimer’s disease,简称AD)、血管性痴呆症和其他类型的痴呆。随着老龄人口的增多,老年性痴呆的患病率明显升高,已成为导致成年人死亡的第四位主要原因,仅次于心脏病、癌症、中风。我国老年性痴呆患者估计超过500万,约占世界总病例数的1/4;而且,随着我国人口老龄化进程的加快,这个数字将更为庞大,给社会稳定与发展带来重大的影响。据统计,中国老年性痴呆症的发病率65岁以上是5%,70岁以上是10%,80岁以上是30%,到了85岁以上则高达40%。再过20年,如今的中年人都将步入老年人的行列,痴呆症患者数量将急剧增加,老年人的健康也必将关系到整个社会的稳定与发展。因此,研究和开发有效的预防治疗老年性痴呆药物已成为全世界迫切需要解决的医学问题。
在老年性痴呆症三大分类中,AD是发病率最高,也是最重要的一种痴呆型疾病。AD是一种神经退行性疾病,以记忆力和认知功能损害为主要临床病症,严重时会导致生活不能自理。AD的确切病理机制尚不清楚,目前主要学术观点有以下几种:1.β淀粉样多肽(Aβ)毒性及沉积;2.胆碱能缺失学说;3.神经退行性病变(Neurodegeneration);4.其它多种因素,如基因突变学说、氧化应激学说。
Aβ沉积及毒性是阿氏痴呆症发病的主要因素之一。神经元内的APP基因的异常调节导致毒性Aβ在神经细胞内的聚集,引起病理变化的级联反应,进而导致神经细胞的退行性病变。国内外研究的热点集中在减少Aβ的产生、抑制Aβ聚集、改变Aβ的构型从而降低其神经毒性,目前已经有几种药物进入临床试验。
现阶段治疗AD的药物种类甚多,主要有胆碱能药,其中乙酰胆碱酯酶(Acetylcholinesterase,AChE)抑制剂,主要上市的药物有他克林(tacrine)、 酒石酸卡巴拉汀(rivastigmine)、石杉碱甲(huperzine A)、多奈哌齐(donepezil)等;β、γ分泌酶抑制药;脑代谢调节剂,如长春胺、尼莫地平、脑益嗪;影响自由基代谢的药物,如维生素C结合维生素E等。但这些AD治疗药物主要是对症治疗,不能延缓AD病程的进展,且随病情发展药物疗效逐渐降低,同时出现严重副作用,故人们将目光转向新的抗老年痴呆药物的研发。寻找针对AD病因的治疗药物和方法,成为当今研究的热点和难点。
研究表明,神经营养因子对神经发育和成年神经系统的疾病过程都有重要的影响。在神经退行性变动物模型中,发现神经生长因子(nerve growth factor,NGF)能阻止或减少神经元的退变。NGF是人类发现的第一个神经营养因子,也是最重要的神经营养因子;是一种对神经细胞的生长、发育、分化和功能保持等方面有重要调控作用的生物活性多肽;对神经萎缩、神经变性、外伤修复等神经疾病的治疗有显著效果。研究发现,NGF一定程度可阻止AD进展,其促进神经生长和神经保护作用是长期的研究热点。然而,它是一个由100多个氨基酸组成的多肽;由于分子量大和极性强等原因,不能通过血脑屏障(Blood Brain Barrier),并且难以大规模制备等诸多因素,局限了它的实际临床应用,NGF除脑内手术直接投药之外还没有找到更好的治疗方法。因此,寻找具有类似NGF活性(NGF mimics)或能增强其活性(NGF enhancer)并且能通过血脑屏障的低分子化合物就自然成为了研究热点。由于PC12细胞(Pheochromocytoma cells,从大鼠肾上腺嗜铬细胞克隆得到),具有神经细胞的一般特征和可传代特点,在NGF的作用下细胞会停止分裂,长出突起,转化成神经元样细胞。因此,在细胞分子水平研究NGF的功能PC12细胞是一个很好的模型。目前,已经有NGF mimics在三期临床试验阶段。
近来,本研究组从中药龙胆中分离纯化得到一类2,3-二羟基苯甲酸酯类新化合物,且新发现其具有抗老年痴呆的很好的NGF mimics生物活性。迄今为止,尚未有研究工作者从天然产物中发现该类物质,更未有此类化合物具有抗老年痴呆的类似NGF活性的相关报道。只有化学合成的与其结构相似(脂肪链含碳数低于11)的化合物的文献报道,欧洲专利(EP 1 930 002 A1)描述了苯甲酸酯类化合物(1)在治疗和预防病毒感染方面的应用,中国专利(CN1411339A)所描述的苯甲酸类化合物主要用于抑菌,作为食品添加剂等。
式中,R是C1-11的烷基;R1、R2、R3、R4和R5是独立的羟基或氢,R1、R2、R3、R4和R5至少其中一个为羟基,两个或两个以上为羟基,但是水杨酸除外;碳原子数为1-3时最优。
阿司匹林(Aspirin,又名乙酰水杨酸),与天然获得的2,3-二羟基苯甲酸酯类化合物有相似的母核,是经典的小分子非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs),具有较强的解热、镇痛、抗炎,抗风湿作用。Aspirin对抑制血小板聚集有独特功效,能阻止血栓形成,用它防治脑中风、冠心病等,均能收到一定效果。近年来,随着对NSAIDs药理作用的不断深入研究,其临床新用途也不断被发掘。流行病学研究显示,经常服用阿司匹林的老人患AD和认知障碍的危险性明显降低,提示NSAIDs具有治疗AD的潜在应用价值。研究认为这可能的机理为:阿司匹林可防治AD的炎症过程及可直接调节Aβ的代谢。
Aspirin在体外筛选模型PC 12细胞系统的活性测试,发现其没有明显的类似NGF活性,从中药龙胆中分离纯化得到的天然的2,3-二羟基苯甲酸酯类化合物的母核与Aspirin的结构虽然相似,但是能导致高比例的PC12细胞发生神经突起伸长现象,表明天然的2,3-二羟基苯甲酸酯具有很好的类似NGF活性,具有开发抗老年痴呆预防治疗药物的价值。以2,3-二羟基苯甲酸酯化合物作为先导物,设计并合成一系列苯甲酸酯衍生物,广泛开展其体外活性研究,寻找该类物质的构效关系。如果能找到具有潜在的更优异活性和/或更低毒性的化合物,并能用于预防及治疗老年痴呆症等神经退行性疾病,将具有重要的现实意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供苯甲酸酯类衍生物,包括酯类化合物、(硫)醚类化合物和酰胺类化合物,具有如下结构通式:
式中:
R是碳原子数从1至30的直链或支链烷基,特别是C12~C22;
R1是氢、羟基、羧基、酯基、氟、氯、溴、碘、巯基、氨基、氰基、硝基、磺酸基、三氟甲基、丙烯基、烷基、烷氧基或取代苯基中的一种;
R2是氢、羟基、羧基、酯基、氟、氯、溴、碘、巯基、氨基、氰基、硝基、磺酸基、三氟甲基、丙烯基、烷基或烷氧基中的一种;
R3是氢、羟基、羧基、酯基、氟、氯、溴、碘、巯基、氨基、氰基、硝基、磺酸基、三氟甲基、丙烯基、烷基、烷氧基或取代苯基中的一种;
R4是氢、羟基、羧基、酯基、氟、氯、溴、碘、巯基、氨基、氰基、硝基、磺酸基、三氟甲基、丙烯基、烷基或烷氧基中的一种;
R5是氢、羟基、羧基、酯基、氟、氯、溴、碘、巯基、氨基、氰基、硝基、磺酸基、三氟甲基、丙烯基、烷基或烷氧基中的一种;
X是O、NH或CH2中的一种;
Y是O、S或CH2中的一种;
本发明的另一个目的是提供苯甲酸酯类衍生物的制备方法,通过以下步骤实现:
(1)酯类化合物的制备方法(式Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ,X=O),先将酸与醇或酚用适量溶剂溶解,冷致0℃,搅拌下滴加脱水剂,再升到室温或回流状态反应1~2天,用薄层色谱跟踪反应,反应结束后,蒸出溶剂,再经硅胶柱层析纯化得酯类化合物。所用的酸是(取代)苯甲酸、(取代)萘酸或碳原子数从1至30的直链或支链脂肪酸;所用的醇是碳原子数从1至30的直链或支链脂肪 醇;所用的酚是(取代)苯酚或(取代)萘酚;脱水剂选用浓硫酸、二异丙基碳二亚胺或二环己基碳二亚胺中的一种;溶剂选用质子性溶剂甲醇、乙醇或四氢呋喃,或选用非质子性溶剂二氯甲烷、氯仿、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、二甲亚砜或乙腈;反应中酸与醇的摩尔比为1:1到1:20,酸与脱水剂的摩尔比为1:0.2到1:3。
(2)(硫)醚类化合物的制备方法(式Ⅲ,Y=O,S),先将酚和碱用适量溶剂溶解,再在搅拌下滴加卤代物,室温到80℃反应1~2天,用薄层色谱跟踪反应,反应结束后,将体系倒入大量蒸馏水中,过滤,再用水,10%氢氧化钠多次洗涤,后处理得(硫)醚类化合物。所用的酚是硫酚、(取代)苯酚或(取代)萘酚;所用的卤代物是碳原子数从1至30的直链或支链烷基氯代物、溴代物或碘代物;溶剂选用质子性溶剂甲醇、乙醇或四氢呋喃,或选用非质子性溶剂二氯甲烷、氯仿、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、二甲亚砜或乙腈;所用的碱是氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钾或氢化钠;反应中酚与卤代物的摩尔比为1:1到1:10,酚与碱的摩尔比为1:1到1:5。
(3)酰胺类化合物的制备方法(式Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ,X=N),在惰性气体保护下,将酸溶于适量干燥的二氯甲烷,搅拌下滴加干燥的氯化亚砜或草酰氯,室温反应1天。反应结束后,减压蒸馏除尽过量的氯化亚砜或草酰氯,用干燥的二氯甲烷多次洗涤得到酰氯。再将酰氯用适量干燥的二氯甲烷溶解,搅拌下滴加胺与三乙胺的二氯甲烷溶液,室温反应2~5小时。反应结束后,用去离子水、1摩尔每升氢氧化钠溶液、1摩尔每升盐酸溶液洗涤,无水硫酸镁干燥,浓缩,最后用正己烷洗涤得酰胺类化合物;所用的惰性气体是氮气或氩气;所用的酸是(取代)苯甲酸、(取代)萘酸或碳原子数从1至30的直链或支链的脂肪酸;所用的胺是(取代)苯胺、(取代)萘胺或碳原子数从1至30的直链或支链的脂肪胺;酸与氯化亚砜或草酰氯的摩尔比为1:2到1:10,酰氯与胺的摩尔比为1:1到1:5。
本发明的另一目的是提供苯甲酸酯类衍生物式(Ⅰ~Ⅴ)在制备预防及治疗老年痴呆症神经退行性疾病药物中的应用。主要是在制备治疗阿尔茨海默症(AD)等神经退行性疾病药物中的应用。
本发明进一步还提供一种预防老年痴呆症等神经退行性疾病的药物组合物,该药物组合物含有生理有效量的(Ⅰ~Ⅴ)所示的苯甲酸酯类化合物及其衍生物和药学上可接受的载体或稀释剂。
这里所述的药学上可接受的载体是指药学领域常规的药物载体,例如稀释 剂、赋形剂如是等,填充剂如淀粉、蔗糖、微晶纤维素等;粘合剂如淀粉浆、羟丙纤维素、明胶、聚乙二醇等;湿润剂如硬脂酸镁、微粉硅胶、聚乙二醇类等;吸收促进剂聚山梨脂、卵磷脂等,表面活性剂伯洛沙姆、脂肪酸山梨坦、聚山梨脂等等,另外还可以在组合物中加入其它辅剂如香味剂、甜味剂等。
本发明所述的苯甲酸酯类化合物及其衍生物可以以单位剂量形式给药,给药途径可为肠道和非肠道,包括口服、肌肉、皮下和鼻腔。
本发明所述的化合物给药途径可为静脉给药。注射包括静脉注射、肌肉注射、皮下注射和穴位注射。
本发明的药物组合物的各种剂型可以按照药学领域的常规生产方法制备,例如使活性成分与一种或多种载体混合,然后将其制成所需的剂型。
给药剂型可以是片剂、胶囊剂、分散片、口服液、大输液、小针、冻干粉针、软膏、搽剂或栓剂。
本发明制备方法设计合理,操作简便,合成的化合物大部分具有新的化学结构,并通过体外细胞活性实验证实所合成的苯甲酸酯衍生物有很显著的类似神经生长因子NGF的活性,特别是体内动物实验证实合成的新化合物2,3-二羟基苯甲酸十四脂具有增强老年小鼠记忆的效果,因此苯甲酸酯类衍生物可在制备预防及治疗老年痴呆症神经退行性疾病药物中应用,尤其是在制备治疗阿尔茨海默症(AD)等神经退行性疾病药物中的应用。本发明开拓了苯甲酸酯衍生物新的药物用途。为预防及治疗老年痴呆症等神经退行性疾病提供新的治疗药物。
附图说明
图1加入化合物Ⅰ-6经48小时后PC 12细胞神经突起的明显变化。
图2加入化合物Ⅰ-6经48小时后PC 12细胞的神经突起分化率随剂量增加的变化。
图3加入化合物Ⅰ-8、Ⅰ-12、Ⅰ-14、Ⅰ-15、Ⅰ-16和Ⅰ-18经48小时后PC 12细胞的神经突起分化率随剂量增加的变化。
图4加入化合物Ⅱ-1、Ⅲ-1、Ⅳ-2和Ⅴ-1经48小时后PC 12细胞的神经突起分化率随剂量增加的变化。
图5注射化合物Ⅰ-6后小鼠总进臂数和交替行动率的变化。
具体实施方式
以下通过对该类若干具体化合物制备实例的实施方式和附图再对本发明的上述内容作进一步的详细说明,但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅 限于下述的实例,凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
实施例1
化合物Ⅰ-1:2,3-二羟基苯甲酸乙酯
将(154mg,1mmol)2,3-二羟基苯甲酸,10ml乙醇置于25ml圆底烧瓶中,冷至0℃,滴加2~3滴浓硫酸,回流搅拌24h。用薄层色谱(展开剂:正己烷/乙酸乙酯,5/1,V/V)跟踪反应,反应停止后,蒸出乙醇,得粗产品390mg,硅胶柱层析(展开剂:正己烷/乙酸乙酯,5/1,V/V),得白色固体180mg,收率:99%。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:11.00(s,1H,benzene 2-OH),7.38(dd,1H,J=1.5,8.0Hz,benzene H-6),7.12(dd,1H,J=1.0,7.5Hz,benzene H-4),6.80(t,1H,J=8.0Hz,benzene H-5),5.66(s,1H,benzene 3-OH),4.41(q,2H,J=7.0Hz),1.42(t,3H,J=7.0Hz);MS(m/z):182[M]+.
化合物Ⅰ-2:2,3-二羟基苯甲酸戊酯
合成方法同化合物Ⅰ-1,反应投料为:(154mg,1mmol)2,3-二羟基苯甲酸、10ml戊醇,获得白色固体170mg,收率:76%。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:11.00(s,1H,benzene 2-OH),7.38(dd,1H,J=1.5,8.0Hz,benzene H-6),7.12(dd,1H,J=1.0,8.0Hz,benzene H-4),6.80(t,1H,J=8.0Hz,benzene H-5),5.65(s,1H,benzene 3-OH),4.41(t,2H,J=7.0Hz),1.78(m,2H),1.33~1.38(m,4H),0.90(t,3H,J=7.0Hz);MS(m/z):224[M]+.
化合物Ⅰ-3:2,3-二羟基苯甲酸辛酯
合成方法同化合物Ⅰ-1,反应投料为:(154mg,1mmol)2,3-二羟基苯甲酸、10ml辛醇,获得白色固体128mg,收率:48%。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:11.01(s,1H,benzene 2-OH),7.38(dd,1H,J=1.5,8.0Hz,benzene H-6),7.10(dd,1H,J=1.0,8.0Hz,benzene H-4),6.80(t,1H,J=8.0Hz,benzene H-5),5.64(s,1H,benzene 3-OH),4.35(t,2H,J=7.0Hz),1.78(m,2H),1.44(m,2H),1.26~1.38(m,8H),0.89(t,3H,J=7.0Hz);MS(m/z):266[M]+.
化合物Ⅰ-4:2,3-二羟基苯甲酸癸酯
将(154mg,1mmol)2,3-二羟基苯甲酸,(316mg,2mmol)正癸醇,10ml四氢呋喃置于25ml圆底烧瓶中,冷至0℃,加入(145mg,0.7mmol)二环己基碳二亚胺,室温搅拌24h。用薄层色谱(展开剂:正己烷/乙酸乙酯,2/1,V/V) 跟踪反应。反应停止后,蒸出溶剂,残余物用乙酸乙酯溶解,过滤,滤液用5%柠檬酸溶液、饱和碳酸氢钠溶液、水洗,酯层经无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,旋蒸浓缩得初产品440mg,硅胶柱层析(展开剂:正己烷/乙酸乙酯,2/1,V/V),得白色固体41mg,收率:14%。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:11.01(s,1H,benzene 2-OH),7.37(dd,1H,J=1.5,8.0Hz,benzene H-6),7.09(dd,1H,J=1.5,8.0Hz,benzene H-4),6.80(t,1H,J=8.0Hz,benzene H-5),5.65(s,1H,benzene3-OH),4.35(t,2H,J=7.0Hz),1.78(m,2H),1.44(m,2H),1.27~1.35(m,12H),0.88(t,3H,J=7.0Hz);MS(m/z):294[M]+.
化合物Ⅰ-5:2,3-二羟基苯甲酸十二烷酯
合成方法同化合物Ⅰ-4,反应投料为:(154mg,1mmol)2,3-二羟基苯甲酸、(372mg,2mmol)十二烷醇,(250mg,1.2mmol)二环己基碳二亚胺,15ml四氢呋喃,获得白色固体180mg,收率:56%。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:11.01(s,1H,benzene 2-OH),7.38(dd,1H,J=1.5,8.0Hz,benzene H-6),7.10(dd,1H,J=1.0,8.0Hz,benzene H-4),6.80(t,1H,J=8.0Hz,benzene H-5),5.64(s,1H,benzene 3-OH),4.35(t,2H,J=6.5Hz),1.78(m,2H),1.44(m,2H),1.26~1.35(m,16H),0.88(t,3H,J=7.0Hz);MS(m/z):322[M]+.
化合物Ⅰ-6:2,3-二羟基苯甲酸十四烷酯
合成方法同化合物Ⅰ-4,反应投料为:(154mg,1mmol)2,3-二羟基苯甲酸、(428mg,2mmol)十四烷醇,(250mg,1.2mmol)二环己基碳二亚胺,15ml四氢呋喃,获得白色固体150mg,收率:43%。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:11.01(s,1H,benzene 2-OH),7.37(dd,1H,J=1.5,8.5Hz,benzene H-6),7.10(dd,1H,J=1.0,8.0Hz,benzene H-4),6.80(t,1H,J=8.0Hz,benzene H-5),5.63(s,1H,benzene 3-OH),4.35(t,2H,J=6.5Hz),1.78(m,2H),1.44(m,2H),1.26~1.35(m,20H),0.88(t,3H,J=7.0Hz);MS(m/z):350[M]+.
化合物Ⅰ-7:2,3-二羟基苯甲酸十六烷酯
合成方法同化合物Ⅰ-4,反应投料为:(154mg,1mmol)2,3-二羟基苯甲酸、(484mg,2mmol)十六烷醇,(250mg,1.2mmol)二环己基碳二亚胺,15ml四氢呋喃,获得白色固体178mg,收率:47%。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:11.01(s,1H,benzene 2-OH),7.37(dd,1H,J=1.5,8.0Hz,benzene H-6),7.10(dd,1H,J=1.0,8.0Hz,benzene H-4),6.80(t,1H,J=8.0Hz,benzene H-5),5.65(s,1H, benzene 3-OH),4.35(t,2H,J=6.5Hz),1.78(m,2H),1.44(m,2H),1.25~1.35(m,24H),0.88(t,3H,J=7.0Hz);MS(m/z):378[M]+.
化合物Ⅰ-8:2,3-二羟基苯甲酸十八烷酯
合成方法同化合物Ⅰ-4,反应投料为:(154mg,1mmol)2,3-二羟基苯甲酸、(540mg,2mmol)十八烷醇,(250mg,1.2mmol)二环己基碳二亚胺,15ml四氢呋喃,获得白色固体170mg,收率:42%。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:11.01(s,1H,benzene 2-OH),7.37(dd,1H,J=1.5,8.0Hz,benzene H-6),7.10(dd,1H,J=1.0,8.0Hz,benzene H-4),6.80(t,1H,J=8.0Hz,benzene H-5),5.63(s,1H,benzene 3-OH),4.35(t,2H,J=6.5Hz),1.78(m,2H),1.44(m,2H),1.25~1.35(m,28H),0.88(t,3H,J=7.0Hz);MS(m/z):406[M]+.
化合物Ⅰ-9:2,3-二羟基苯甲酸二十烷酯
合成方法同化合物Ⅰ-4,反应投料为:(154mg,1mmol)2,3-二羟基苯甲酸、(896mg,3mmol)二十烷醇,(206mg,1mmol)二环己基碳二亚胺,15ml四氢呋喃,获得白色固体104mg,收率:24%。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:11.00(s,1H,benzene 2-OH),7.37(dd,1H,J=1.5,8.0Hz,benzene H-6),7.10(dd,1H,J=0.5,8.0Hz,benzene H-4),6.80(t,1H,J=8.0Hz,benzene H-5),5.63(s,1H,benzene 3-OH),4.34(t,2H,J=6.5Hz),1.78(m,2H),1.43(m,2H),1.25~1.35(m,32H),0.88(t,3H,J=7.0Hz);MS(m/z):434[M]+.
化合物Ⅰ-10:2,3-二羟基苯甲酸二十二烷酯
合成方法同化合物Ⅰ-4,反应投料为:(154mg,1mmol)2,3-二羟基苯甲酸、(653mg,2mmol)二十二烷醇,(250mg,1.2mmol)二环己基碳二亚胺,15ml四氢呋喃,获得白色固体102mg,收率:22%。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:11.01(s,1H,benzene 2-OH),7.37(dd,1H,J=1.5,8.0Hz,benzene H-6),7.10(dd,1H,J=1.0,8.0Hz,benzene H-4),6.80(t,1H,J=8.0Hz,benzene H-5),5.63(s,1H,benzene 3-OH),4.34(t,2H,J=6.5Hz),1.78(m,2H),1.43(m,2H),1.25~1.35(m,36H),0.88(t,3H,J=7.0Hz);MS(m/z):462[M]+.
化合物Ⅰ-11:2,3-二羟基苯甲酸三十烷酯
合成方法同化合物Ⅰ-4,反应投料为:(154mg,1mmol)2,3-二羟基苯甲酸、(1.32g,3mmol)三十烷醇,(250mg,1.2mmol)二环己基碳二亚胺,20ml四 氢呋喃,获得白色固体75mg,收率:13%。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:11.00(s,1H,benzene 2-OH),7.37(dd,1H,J=1.5,8.5Hz,benzene H-6),7.10(dd,1H,J=1.0,8.0Hz,benzene H-4),6.80(t,1H,J=8.0Hz,benzene H-5),5.63(s,1H,benzene 3-OH),4.34(t,2H,J=6.5Hz),1.77(m,2H),1.45(m,2H),1.25~1.35(m,52H),0.88(t,3H,J=7.0Hz);MS(m/z):575[M]+.
化合物Ⅰ-12:2,6-二羟基苯甲酸十四烷酯
合成方法同化合物Ⅰ-4,反应投料为:(154mg,1mmol)2,6-二羟基苯甲酸、(428mg,2mmol)十四烷醇,(250mg,1.2mmol)二环己基碳二亚胺,15ml四氢呋喃,获得白色固体66mg,收率:19%。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:9.79(s,2H),7.32(t,1H,J=8.5Hz),6.48(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),4.35(t,2H,J=6.5Hz),1.78(m,2H),1.44(m,2H),1.26~1.35(m,20H),0.88(t,3H,J=7.0Hz);MS(m/z):350[M]+.
化合物Ⅰ-13:2,6-二羟基苯甲酸二十烷酯
合成方法同化合物Ⅰ-4,反应投料为:(154mg,1mmol)2,6-二羟基苯甲酸、(597mg,2mmol)二十烷醇,(250mg,1.2mmol)二环己基碳二亚胺,15ml四氢呋喃,获得白色固体104mg,收率:24%。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:9.79(s,2H),7.31(t,1H,J=8.5Hz),6.48(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),4.50(t,2H,J=6.5Hz),1.83(m,2H),1.43(m,2H),1.25~1.35(m,32H),0.88(t,3H,J=7.0Hz);MS(m/z):434[M]+.
化合物Ⅰ-14:2-羟基苯甲酸十四烷酯
合成方法同化合物Ⅰ-4,反应投料为:(138mg,1mmol)2-羟基苯甲酸、(428mg,2mmol)十四烷醇,(250mg,1.2mmol)二环己基碳二亚胺,15ml四氢呋喃,获得白色固体164mg,收率:49%。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:10.88(s,1H),7.37(m,1H),7.10(m,1H),6.91(m,1H),6.80(t,1H,J=8.0Hz),4.35(t,2H,J=6.5Hz),1.78(m,2H),1.44(m,2H),1.26~1.35(m,20H),0.88(t,3H,J=7.0Hz);MS(m/z):334[M]+.
化合物Ⅰ-15:3-羟基苯甲酸十四烷酯
合成方法同化合物Ⅰ-4,反应投料为:(138mg,1mmol)3-羟基苯甲酸、(428mg,2mmol)十四烷醇,(250mg,1.2mmol)二环己基碳二亚胺,15ml四氢 呋喃,获得白色固体174mg,收率:52%。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:9.76(s,1H),7.57(m,1H),7.37(m,1H),7.25(m,1H),7.01(m,1H),4.35(t,2H,J=6.5Hz),1.78(m,2H),1.44(m,2H),1.26~1.35(m,20H),0.88(t,3H,J=7.0Hz);MS(m/z):334[M]+.
化合物Ⅰ-16:2,3-二甲氧基苯甲酸十四烷酯
合成方法同化合物Ⅰ-4,反应投料为:(182mg,1mmol)2,3-二甲氧基苯甲酸、(428mg,2mmol)十四烷醇,(250mg,1.2mmol)二环己基碳二亚胺,15ml四氢呋喃,获得白色固体162mg,收率:43%。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.08(t,1H,J=7.5Hz),6.95(dd,1H,J=1.5,8.0Hz),6.79(dd,1H,J=1.0,7.0Hz),4.35(t,2H,J=6.5Hz),3.92(s,3H),3.88(s,3H),1.78(m,2H),1.44(m,2H),1.26~1.35(m,20H),0.88(t,3H,J=7.0Hz);MS(m/z):378[M]+.
化合物Ⅰ-17:2,3-二甲氧基苯甲酸十八烷酯
合成方法同化合物Ⅰ-4,反应投料为:(182mg,1mmol)2,3-二甲氧基苯甲酸、(540mg,2mmol)十八烷醇,(250mg,1.2mmol)二环己基碳二亚胺,15ml四氢呋喃,获得白色固体170mg,收率:39%。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.06(t,1H,J=8.0Hz),6.93(dd,1H,J=1.5,8.0Hz),6.77(dd,1H,J=1.5,8.0Hz),4.35(t,2H,J=6.5Hz),3.92(s,3H),3.88(s,3H),1.78(m,2H),1.44(m,2H),1.25~1.35(m,28H),0.88(t,3H,J=7.0Hz);MS(m/z):434[M]+.
化合物Ⅰ-18:2,3-二甲氧基-N-十四烷基苯甲酰胺
将(1.1g,6mmol)2,3-二甲氧基苯甲酸,(7ml,0.09mol)氯化亚砜置于25ml圆底烧瓶中,氮气保护下室温搅拌24h。反应停止后,减压蒸馏除尽过量的氯化亚砜,用干燥的二氯甲烷多次洗涤,得到酰氯。在氮气保护下,将(0.5g,2.5mmol)酰氯用少量干燥的二氯甲烷溶解,再把(640mg,3mmol)十四烷胺,(0.9ml,9mmol)三乙胺分别溶于10ml干燥的二氯甲烷依次滴入。室温搅拌2h,反应停止后,用去离子水、1摩尔每升氢氧化钠溶液、去离子水、1摩尔每升盐酸溶液、去离子水洗。无水硫酸镁干燥,浓缩,正己烷洗涤得到白色固体219mg,收率:58%。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.94(bt,1H),7.57(dd,1H,J=1.5,8.0Hz),7.09(dd,1H,J=1.5,8.0Hz),6.85(t,1H,J=8.0Hz),3.82(bs,6H),3.37(q,2H,J=5.8Hz),1.58(m,2H),1.17~1.35(m,22H),0.86(t,3H,J=7.0Hz);MS(m/z):377[M]+.
化合物Ⅰ-19:2,3-二羟基-N-十四烷基苯甲酰胺
在氮气保护下,将化合物Ⅰ-19(188mg,0.5mmol)溶于30ml干燥的二氯甲烷,滴加(2ml)三溴化硼,用1摩尔每升的氢氧化钠溶液吸收生成的溴化氢,室温搅拌三天。反应结束后,慢慢滴加冰水淬灭,蒸出溶剂,再用甲醇多次洗涤,得灰色固体140mg,收率:40%。1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:12.71(s,1H),8.58(s,1H),8.05(bt,1H),7.35(dd,1H,J=1.5,8.5Hz),6.98(dd,1H,J=1.0,8.0Hz),6.75(t,1H,J=8.0Hz),3.25~3.38(m,2H),1.71(m,2H),1.18~1.35(m,22H),0.86(t,3H,J=7.0Hz);MS(m/z):349[M]+.
化合物Ⅰ-20:2-氯苯甲酸十四烷酯
合成方法同化合物Ⅰ-4,反应投料为:(156mg,1mmol)2-氯苯甲酸、(428mg,2mmol)十四烷醇,(250mg,1.2mmol)二环己基碳二亚胺,15ml四氢呋喃,获得白色固体150mg,收率:43%。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.65(m,1H),7.30(m,2H),7.08(m,1H),4.35(t,2H,J=6.5Hz),1.78(m,2H),1.44(m,2H),1.26~1.35(m,20H),0.88(t,3H,J=7.0Hz);MS(m/z):352[M]+.
实施例2
化合物Ⅱ-1:1,2-次苯基二十酸酯
合成方法同化合物Ⅰ-4,反应投料为:(110mg,1mmol)邻二苯酚、(310mg,1mmol)二十烷酸,(250mg,1.2mmol)二环己基碳二亚胺,15ml四氢呋喃,获得白色固体391mg,收率:56%。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.13~7.16(t,1H,J=7.5Hz),7.09~7.11(d,1H,J=7.5Hz),7.02~7.04(d,1H,J=7.5Hz),6.92~6.95(t,1H,J=7.5Hz),2.63(t,2H,J=6.5Hz),2.42(t,2H,J=6.5Hz),1.96~1.99(m,12H),1.17~1.42(m,60H),0.89(bs,6H);MS(m/z):699[M]+.
实施例3
化合物Ⅲ-1:1,4-双(十四烷氧基)苯
在氮气保护下,将(110mg,1mmol)对苯二酚、(280mg,5mmol)氢氧化钾、10ml N,N-二甲基甲酰胺置于25ml圆底烧瓶中,滴加(830mg,3mmol)溴代十四烷。室温搅拌过夜,反应停止后,将体系倒入大量蒸馏水中,上层析出黄色固体,过滤,用水,10%氢氧化钠洗涤得产品111mg,收率:22%。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:6.76(bs,4H),3.75~3.80(t,4H,J=6.5Hz),1.82(m,4H),1.25~ 1.33(m,44H),0.85(t,6H,J=7.0Hz);MS(m/z):502[M]+.
实施例4
化合物Ⅳ-1:1-羟基-2-萘甲酸十四烷酯
合成方法同化合物Ⅰ-4,反应投料为:(188mg,1mmol)1-羟基-2-萘甲酸、(428mg,2mmol)十四烷醇,(250mg,1.2mmol)二环己基碳二亚胺,15ml四氢呋喃,获得白色固体184mg,收率:48%。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:12.09(s,1H),8.41(d,1H,J=8.5Hz),7.76~7.79(m,2H),7.59~7.62(m,1H),7.51~7.54(m,1H),7.28(d,1H,J=9.0Hz),4.39(t,2H,J=6.5Hz),1.82(m,2H),1.47(m,2H),1.25~1.38(m,20H),0.88(t,3H,J=7.0Hz);MS(m/z):384[M]+.
化合物Ⅳ-2:1-羟基-2-萘甲酸十八烷酯
合成方法同化合物Ⅰ-4,反应投料为:(188mg,1mmol)1-羟基-2-萘甲酸、(270mg,1mmol)十八烷醇,(250mg,1.2mmol)二环己基碳二亚胺,15ml四氢呋喃,获得白色固体198mg,收率:45%。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:12.09(s,1H),8.41(d,1H,J=8.5Hz),7.75~7.79(m,2H),7.59~7.63(m,1H),7.51~7.54(m,1H),7.28(d,1H,J=9.0Hz),4.39(t,2H,J=6.5Hz),1.82(m,2H),1.47(m,2H),1.25~1.38(m,28H),0.88(t,3H,J=7.0Hz);MS(m/z):440[M]+.
实施例5
化合物Ⅴ-1:1-萘基十四酸酯
合成方法同化合物Ⅰ-4,反应投料为:(144mg,1mmol)萘酚、(228mg,1mmol)十四烷酸,(250mg,1.2mmol)二环己基碳二亚胺,15ml四氢呋喃,获得白色固体258mg,收率:70%。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:8.39(d,1H,J=8.5Hz),7.77~7.82(m,2H),7.59~7.62(m,2H),7.49~7.51(m,1H),7.28(m,1H),2.32(t,2H,J=6.5Hz),1.76~1.88(m,6H),1.14~1.32(m,18H),0.88(s,3H);MS(m/z):368[M]+.
实施例6
生物活性鉴定:在神经退行性变动物模型中,研究发现NGF能阻止或减少神经元的退变,一定程度可阻止AD进展,具有促进神经生长和神经保护作用。由于PC12细胞具有神经细胞的一般特征,在NGF的作用下PC12细 胞会停止分裂,长出突起,转化成神经元样细胞。因此,能导致PC12细胞转化成神经元样细胞的化合物具有预防及治疗老年性痴呆等神经退行性疾病的应用价值。
实验方法:
1)PC 12细胞的培养:接20×104个PC 12细胞于100mm的培养皿中,含10ml DMEM培养基(其中含10%马血清、5%胎牛血清),两天后更换一次培养基,再过三天继代。先用PBS将细胞洗两次,再加入10ml PBS于培养皿中,在37℃,5%CO2的培养箱内培养10分钟,吹洗,转移到15ml的一次性离心管,离心后血球计数板上计数。24孔细胞培养板每孔先加入1ml含血清的DMEM培养基,细胞计数后,每孔接2×104个细胞,CO2培养箱培养24小时后加样。
2)活性测试:以DMSO为阴性对照,NGF 40ng为阳性对照,将化合物Ⅰ-6配置成不同浓度的DMSO溶液。用1ml含1%DMSO和样品的DMEM溶液(不含血清)将24孔细胞板的每孔原培养基取代后,放入37℃,5%CO2的培养箱中培养。倒置显微镜下每隔24小时、连续6天观察细胞形态变化,记录细胞分化率NA(神经突起长于胞体直径一倍的细胞数目与视野下总细胞数目的比值),每个视野下约100个细胞,随机选取3处,并统计作图。
图1:加入化合物Ⅰ-6经48小时后PC 12细胞的神经突起的明显变化,A:1%DMSO为阴性对照;B:NGF 40ng/ml,为阳性对照;C:化合物Ⅰ-6,浓度,1μM;)
图2:加入化合物Ⅰ-6经48小时后PC 12细胞的神经突起分化率随剂量增加的变化,C:阴性对照1%DMSO,Ⅰ-6的浓度单位:μM;
图3:加入化合物Ⅰ-8、Ⅰ-12、Ⅰ-14、Ⅰ-15、Ⅰ-16和Ⅰ-18经48小时后PC12细胞的神经突起分化率随剂量增加的变化,C:阴性对照1%DMSO,化合物的浓度单位:μM;
图4:加入化合物Ⅱ-1、Ⅲ-1、Ⅳ-2和Ⅴ-1经48小时后PC 12细胞的神经突起分化率随剂量增加的变化,C:阴性对照1%DMSO,化合物的浓度单位:μM)。
3)实验结果:结果发现,在0.03-10μM的浓度下,48小时候后所测试的化合物均显示出NGF-mimics活性。化合物Ⅰ-6在最适浓度1μM的条件下,该化合物诱导PC 12细胞产生的神经突起可以超过NGF诱导的突起。
实施例7
动物实验:化合物Ⅰ-6(2,3-二羟基苯甲酸十四烷酯)对老龄老鼠短期记忆改善效果的调查
1)急性中毒试验:将4周龄ICR雄性小鼠20只随机分为对照组,100mg/kg处理组。将溶于1%Tween-80的化合物Ⅰ-6按剂量一次性腹腔注射进动物体内,连续观察一周,每天观察动物的精神状态,测定体重及摄食量。化合物投入10分钟后小鼠肢体出现卷缩,运动量减少。1小时后,全部恢复正常。一周内小鼠无死亡情况,摄食量无明显变化,但体重变化明显减少。心,肝,脾,肾及白色脂肪组织重量及眼观无显著性差异。
2)药效试验:将12月龄的ICR雄性小鼠18只随机分为对照组,1mg/kg处理组和10mg/kg处理组。同时用4周龄的青年ICR小鼠做对照组,每天注射相应剂量溶于Tween-80的化合物Ⅰ-6。投药11天,每天测定摄食量和体重的变化,12天利用Y迷宫测试化合物对短期记忆效果的改善情况。试验结果表明1mg/kg处理组小鼠体重变化和摄食量与老龄小鼠对照组比较,均无明显差异。总进臂数和交替行动率增加(图5,注射化合物Ⅰ-6后小鼠总进臂数和交替行动率的变化,P<0.05)。10mg/kg处理组摄食量,总进臂数和交替行动率无明显变化,体重明显降低。该结果表明该化合物对老龄老鼠的短期记忆有改善效果。10mg/kg剂量存在一定的副作用。
Claims (4)
1.一种苯甲酰胺类衍生物,其特征在于,具有以下结构通式:
式中:
R是碳原子数从12至22的直链;
R1,R2,R3,R4,R5分别独立的选自氢、羟基、甲氧基中的一种;
X是NH。
其中, 当R1,R5为氢;X 是NH;R是碳原子数12,18,22的直链烷基时,R2,R3,R4同时为羟基的化合物除外。
2.根据权利要求1所述的苯甲酰胺类衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于,通过以下步骤实现:
在惰性气体保护下,将酸溶于干燥的二氯甲烷,搅拌下滴加干燥的氯化亚砜或草酰氯,室温反应1天,反应结束后,减压蒸馏除尽过量的氯化亚砜或草酰氯,用干燥的二氯甲烷多次洗涤得到酰氯,再将酰氯用干燥的二氯甲烷溶解,搅拌下滴加胺与三乙胺的二氯甲烷溶液,室温反应2~5小时,反应结束后,用去离子水、1摩尔每升氢氧化钠溶液、1摩尔每升盐酸溶液洗涤,无水硫酸镁干燥,浓缩,最后用正己烷洗涤得苯甲酰胺类化合物;所用的惰性气体是氮气或氩气;酸是取代苯甲酸;所用的胺是碳原子数从12至22的直链或支链的脂肪胺;酸与氯化亚砜或草酰氯的摩尔比为1:2到1:10,酰氯与胺的摩尔比为1:1到1:5。
3.根据权利要求1所述的苯甲酰胺类衍生物在制备预防及治疗老年痴呆症的神经退行性疾病药物中的应用。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,在制备治疗阿尔茨海默症的神经退行性疾病药物中的应用。
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