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CN102798889B - Phased source consistency determining method - Google Patents

Phased source consistency determining method Download PDF

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CN102798889B
CN102798889B CN201210125291.8A CN201210125291A CN102798889B CN 102798889 B CN102798889 B CN 102798889B CN 201210125291 A CN201210125291 A CN 201210125291A CN 102798889 B CN102798889 B CN 102798889B
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seismic
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consistency
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CN102798889A (en
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姜弢
林君
徐学纯
冯博
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Jilin University
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种相控震源一致性判定方法。相控震源垂向定位精度误差不超过2m;实际信噪比改善能力与理论值相比,信噪比下降不超过3dB;各震源激发信号具有较高线性度;不同震源信号非同相叠加引起信号信噪比;量化两个信号波形的相位一致;满足上述条件,视为一致性相控源,否则,视为非一致性相控震源。经试验,本方法适于任何相控震源、组合震源及多台可控震源的一致性检测过程,为相控震源地震勘探方法的野外数据采集,提供了必要的采集质量保证措施,检测结果表明,采集数据信噪比得到较大程度的提高。为相控震源性能评价、相控震源系统维护、相控震源地震数据有效采集提供依据。同时,也可作为相控震源维护及合格检测提供有效技术手段。

The invention relates to a method for judging the consistency of a phase-controlled seismic source. The vertical positioning accuracy error of the phase-controlled source does not exceed 2m; the actual signal-to-noise ratio improvement ability is compared with the theoretical value, and the signal-to-noise ratio drops by no more than 3dB; the excitation signals of each source have high linearity; Signal-to-noise ratio; Quantify the phase consistency of the two signal waveforms; if the above conditions are met, it is regarded as a consistent phase-controlled source; otherwise, it is regarded as a non-uniform phase-controlled source. After testing, this method is suitable for the consistency detection process of any phased vibrator, combined vibrator and multiple vibrators, and provides necessary acquisition quality assurance measures for the field data acquisition of the phased vibrator seismic exploration method. The test results show that , the signal-to-noise ratio of the collected data is greatly improved. It provides a basis for the performance evaluation of phased vibroseis, the maintenance of phased vibroseis system, and the effective acquisition of phased vibroseis seismic data. At the same time, it can also be used as an effective technical means for phase-controlled vibrator maintenance and qualified inspection.

Description

相控震源一致性判定方法Consistency Judgment Method of Phase-controlled Vibration Source

技术领域: Technical field:

本发明涉及一种地震勘探方法,尤其是相控震源一致性的判定方法。 The invention relates to a seismic prospecting method, in particular to a method for judging the consistency of a phase-controlled seismic source.

背景技术: Background technique:

可控震源地震勘探方法,由于对环境的无破坏性,在地震勘探中受到越加广泛的关注。可控震源地震勘探存在的主要问题,是震源能量弱,背景噪声强,接收数据信噪比较低。为提高震源系统输出力,改善可控震源地震数据质量,可采用相控震源系统。相控震源是一种阵列震源技术,对参与工作的各震源要求较高一致性,而目前尚无相控震源一致性评价方法。如果不进行一致性判定,无法保证相控震源激发定向地震波,地震勘探数据中会出现虚假反射波,造成对地下构造的错误解释,导致相控震源不可用。即相控震源一致性判定方法是保证相控震源地震勘探方法应用的前提及必要条件。 The vibroseis seismic exploration method has received more and more attention in seismic exploration due to its non-destructiveness to the environment. The main problems of vibrator seismic exploration are weak source energy, strong background noise, and low signal-to-noise ratio of received data. In order to increase the output force of the source system and improve the quality of the seismic data of the vibrator, a phase-controlled source system can be used. The phased vibrator is a kind of array source technology, which requires high consistency of each source involved in the work, but there is no method for evaluating the consistency of the phased source. If the consistency judgment is not carried out, it is impossible to ensure that the phased vibrator excites directional seismic waves, and false reflection waves will appear in the seismic exploration data, resulting in wrong interpretation of the underground structure and making the phased vibroseis unusable. That is to say, the phase-controlled seismic source consistency judgment method is the prerequisite and necessary condition to ensure the application of the phase-controlled seismic source seismic exploration method.

发明内容: Invention content:

本发明的目的就在于针对上述现有技术的不足,提供一种相控震源一致性判定方法。 The object of the present invention is to provide a method for judging the consistency of a phased seismic source in view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art.

针对可控震源高精度地震勘探要求,提出了相控震源一致性判定准则。根据该准则,提出一种以时域相关分析为主,采用傅里叶变换(FFT)频谱分析为辅的相控震源一致性定量判定方法。通过该方法,可保证满足一致性标准的相控震源系统,垂向定位精度误差不超过2m;实际信噪比改善能力与理论值相比,信噪比下降不超过3dB;针对不符合一致性要求的震源系统,除时域分析方法外,在频率域内还给出不一致性的辅助量化分析方法,为震源的调整、维护提供依据。 Aiming at the requirements of high-precision seismic exploration with vibroseis, a criterion for judging the consistency of phase-controlled vibroseis is proposed. According to this criterion, a method for quantitatively judging the consistency of phase-controlled vibroseis is proposed, which is mainly based on time-domain correlation analysis and supplemented by Fourier transform (FFT) spectrum analysis. Through this method, the phased vibrator system that meets the consistency standard can be guaranteed, and the vertical positioning accuracy error does not exceed 2m; the actual signal-to-noise ratio improvement ability is compared with the theoretical value, and the signal-to-noise ratio decreases by no more than 3dB; For the required seismic source system, in addition to the time domain analysis method, an auxiliary quantitative analysis method for inconsistency is also given in the frequency domain to provide a basis for the adjustment and maintenance of the seismic source.

本发明方法的主要优势在于以下两方面:一是对相控震源一致性给出了定量分析方法,并将一致性判定与地震勘探精度联系在一起;二是本发明方法为野外相控震源高质量地震数据采集提供了必要保证。 The main advantage of the method of the invention lies in the following two aspects: one is to provide a quantitative analysis method for the consistency of the phase-controlled vibroseis, and to link the consistency judgment with the seismic exploration accuracy; Quality seismic data acquisition provides the necessary assurance.

本发明的目的通过以下方式实现: The purpose of the present invention is achieved in the following ways:

相控震源一致性判定方法,包括下列顺序和步骤: The method for judging the consistency of phase-controlled seismic sources includes the following sequence and steps:

步骤一、针对高精度地震勘探需求,首先确定一致性准则,即满足如下要求的系统被认为是一致的:相控震源地震数据经相关检测后,垂向定位精度误差不超过2m;实际信噪比改善能力与理论值相比,信噪比下降不超过3dB;各震源激发信号具有较高线性度; Step 1. For the requirements of high-precision seismic exploration, first determine the consistency criterion, that is, the system that meets the following requirements is considered to be consistent: after relevant detection of phase-controlled seismic source seismic data, the error of vertical positioning accuracy does not exceed 2m; the actual signal-to-noise Ratio improvement ability Compared with the theoretical value, the signal-to-noise ratio drops by no more than 3dB; the excitation signals of each source have high linearity;

步骤二、首先,根据上述一致性准则,给出相控震源时域相关分析评价方法,具体要求一致性相控震源应同时满足下述三个条件: Step 2. Firstly, according to the consistency criterion above, a time-domain correlation analysis and evaluation method for the phase-controlled vibroseis is given. The specific requirement is that the phase-controlled vibrator should meet the following three conditions at the same time:

(1)首先分析不同震源信号非同相叠加引起信号信噪比下降情况。设s1(t)、s2(t)代表两个不同的震源信号。由相控震源工作原理,在位于远场的检波器,目标体反射的相控震源信号可表示为 (1) Firstly, analyze the signal-to-noise ratio decrease caused by non-in-phase superposition of different source signals. Let s 1 (t) and s 2 (t) represent two different source signals. According to the working principle of the phase-controlled vibrator, in the far-field geophone, the phase-controlled source signal reflected by the target can be expressed as

S2(t)=s1(t)+s2(t)(1) S 2 (t)=s 1 (t)+s 2 (t)(1)

当s1(t)=s2(t),即两震源信号完全一致,则得到理想的相控震源信号 When s 1 (t)=s 2 (t), that is, the two source signals are completely consistent, then the ideal phase-controlled source signal is obtained

S1(t)=s1(t)+s1(t)(2) S 1 (t)=s 1 (t)+s 1 (t)(2)

设 为相关运算符,令 set up is the correlation operator, let

RR 22 (( tt )) == SS 22 (( tt )) ⊗⊗ sthe s 11 (( tt )) RR 11 (( tt )) == SS 11 (( tt )) ⊗⊗ sthe s 11 (( tt )) -- -- -- (( 33 ))

计算R2(t)较R1(t)的信噪比下降程度,若不超过3dB,则满足一致性判定的第一个条件; Calculate the decrease degree of SNR of R 2 (t) compared to R 1 (t), if it does not exceed 3dB, the first condition of consistency judgment is satisfied;

(2)考虑相控震源系统垂向定位误差不大于2m的要求。由于非同相叠加的地震波在相关检测后会出现主瓣时移,该时移将会造成地层的垂向定位误差。根据地震波运动学可知,设地下介质平均速度为V,目标地层深度D,针对地震波双倍旅行时T,存在 (2) Consider the requirement that the vertical positioning error of the phase-controlled source system is not greater than 2m. Due to the time shift of the main lobe of the non-in-phase stacked seismic waves after correlation detection, the time shift will cause the vertical positioning error of the formation. According to seismic wave kinematics, assuming that the average velocity of the underground medium is V, the target formation depth is D, and for the double travel time T of seismic waves, there exists

2D=V*T    (4) 2D=V*T (4)

可见,若垂向定位精度误差为ΔD,则双倍旅行时误差 It can be seen that if the vertical positioning accuracy error is ΔD, the double travel time error

ΔT=2ΔD/V    (5) ΔT=2ΔD/V (5)

以P波速度为1400~3500m/s计,对于ΔD≤2m,ΔT不超过1.14~2.86ms。即R2(t)最大值点与理想信号R1(t)最大值点对应的时间误差应不超过1.14~2.86ms,这是一致性判定的第二个条件; Based on the P-wave velocity of 1400-3500m/s, for ΔD≤2m, ΔT does not exceed 1.14-2.86ms. That is, the time error corresponding to the maximum point of R 2 (t) and the maximum point of ideal signal R 1 (t) should not exceed 1.14 ~ 2.86ms, which is the second condition for consistency judgment;

(3)采用方法有相关分析法分析方法,量化两个信号波形的相位一致性,具体要求两个震源信号互相关系数不小于0.95,这是一致性判定的第三个条件; (3) The correlation analysis method is adopted to quantify the phase consistency of the two signal waveforms. Specifically, the cross-correlation coefficient of the two seismic source signals is required to be not less than 0.95, which is the third condition for consistency determination;

(4)若相控震源满足上述3个条件,视为一致性相控源,判定结束;否则,视为非一致性相控震源,执行步骤三,进一步分析; (4) If the phase-controlled source satisfies the above three conditions, it is regarded as a consistent phase-controlled source, and the judgment ends; otherwise, it is regarded as an inconsistent phase-controlled source, and step 3 is performed for further analysis;

步骤三、针对时域分析不满足一致性要求的相控震源,为了掌握不一致的具体特征,可增加频率域内相控震源一致性辅助分析环节;方法如下:采用FFT方法,求其幅频与相频特征,从而得到各震源在不同频段的响应特性差异,指导震源的调节及维护; Step 3. For the phase-controlled vibrator that does not meet the consistency requirements in the time-domain analysis, in order to grasp the specific characteristics of the inconsistency, an auxiliary analysis link for the consistency of the phase-controlled vibroseis in the frequency domain can be added; the method is as follows: use the FFT method to find the amplitude-frequency and phase Frequency characteristics, so as to obtain the response characteristic difference of each seismic source in different frequency bands, and guide the adjustment and maintenance of the seismic source;

有益效果:经试验,本发明公开的相控震源一致性判定方法,适于任何相控震源、组合震源及多台可控震源的一致性检测过程,为相控震源地震勘探方法的野外数据采集,提供了必要的采集质量保证措施,检测结果表明,采集数据信噪比得到较大程度的提高。为相控震源性能评价、相控震源系统维护、相控震源地震数据有效采集提供依据。同时,本发明也可作为相控震源维护及合格检测提供有效技术手段。 Beneficial effects: After testing, the method for judging the consistency of the phase-controlled vibroseis disclosed by the invention is suitable for the consistency detection process of any phase-controlled vibrator, combined vibrator and multiple vibrators, and is the field data acquisition method of the phase-controlled vibrator seismic exploration method , provides the necessary measures to ensure the quality of the collection, and the test results show that the signal-to-noise ratio of the collected data has been greatly improved. It provides a basis for the performance evaluation of phased vibroseis, the maintenance of phased vibroseis system, and the effective acquisition of phased vibroseis seismic data. At the same time, the invention can also provide an effective technical means for the maintenance and qualification detection of the phase-controlled seismic source.

附图说明: Description of drawings:

图1为相控震源一致性判定方法2台震源信号时域波形对比图; Fig. 1 is a comparison chart of the time-domain waveforms of the two seismic source signals by the method for determining the consistency of the phase-controlled seismic source;

图2为相控震源一致性判定方法2台震源信号相关检测结果对比图; Fig. 2 is a comparison chart of relative detection results of two seismic source signals by the phase-controlled seismic source consistency determination method;

图3为相控震源一致性判定方法另一组震源信号幅度谱及相位谱比较图; Fig. 3 is another group of seismic source signal magnitude spectrum and phase spectrum comparison charts of phase-controlled seismic source consistency judgment method;

(a)幅度谱图,(b)相位谱图。 (a) Amplitude spectrogram, (b) Phase spectrogram.

具体实施方式 Detailed ways

相控震源一致性判定方法,针对可控震源高精度地震勘探要求,提出一种以时域相关分析为主,FFT频谱分析为辅的综合定量评价方法。通过本判定方法,可保证满足一致性标准的相控震源系统,垂向定位精度误差不超过2m;实际信噪比改善能力与理论值相比,信噪比下降不超过3dB;针对不符合一致性要求的震源系统,除时域分析结果外,在频率域内还给出不一致的辅助量化判定,为震源的调整、维护提供依据。本发明方法为保证相控震源地震数据采集质量提供了必要的仪器质量判定方法。 The consistency judgment method of phase-controlled vibroseis, aiming at the high-precision seismic exploration requirements of vibroseis, proposes a comprehensive quantitative evaluation method based on time-domain correlation analysis and supplemented by FFT spectrum analysis. Through this judgment method, it can be guaranteed that the phased vibrator system that meets the consistency standard has a vertical positioning accuracy error of no more than 2m; the actual signal-to-noise ratio improvement ability is compared with the theoretical value, and the signal-to-noise ratio drops by no more than 3dB; In addition to the analysis results in the time domain, the seismic source system that meets the performance requirements also provides inconsistent auxiliary quantitative judgments in the frequency domain to provide a basis for the adjustment and maintenance of the seismic source. The method of the invention provides a necessary instrument quality judgment method for ensuring the quality of phase-controlled seismic source seismic data acquisition.

本实施例中以2单元相控震源为例,说明了一致性判定具体方法。 In this embodiment, a 2-unit phase-controlled vibroseis is taken as an example to illustrate a specific method for consistency determination.

方法的实施顺序和步骤如下: The implementation sequence and steps of the method are as follows:

1、相控震源一致性判定方法,包括下列顺序和步骤: 1. The method for judging the consistency of the phase-controlled source includes the following sequence and steps:

步骤一、针对高精度地震勘探需求,首先确定一致性准则,即满足如下要求的系统被认为是一致的:相控震源地震数据经相关检测后,垂向定位精度误差不超过2m;实际信噪比改善能力与理论值相比,信噪比下降不超过3dB;各震源激发信号具有较高线性度; Step 1. For the requirements of high-precision seismic exploration, first determine the consistency criterion, that is, the system that meets the following requirements is considered to be consistent: after relevant detection of phase-controlled seismic source seismic data, the error of vertical positioning accuracy does not exceed 2m; the actual signal-to-noise Ratio improvement ability Compared with the theoretical value, the signal-to-noise ratio drops by no more than 3dB; the excitation signals of each source have high linearity;

步骤二、首先,根据上述一致性准则,给出相控震源时域相关分析判定方法,具体要求一致性相控震源应同时满足下述三个条件: Step 2. First, according to the above consistency criteria, a time-domain correlation analysis and determination method for the phase-controlled vibroseis is given. The specific requirement is that the phase-controlled vibrator should meet the following three conditions at the same time:

(1)首先分析不同震源信号非同相叠加引起信号信噪比下降情况。设s1(t)、s2(t)代表两个不同的震源信号。由相控震源工作原理,在位于远场的检波器,目标体反射的相控震源信号可表示为 (1) Firstly, analyze the signal-to-noise ratio decrease caused by non-in-phase superposition of different source signals. Let s 1 (t) and s 2 (t) represent two different source signals. According to the working principle of the phase-controlled vibrator, in the far-field geophone, the phase-controlled source signal reflected by the target can be expressed as

S2(t)=s1(t)+s2(t)(1) S 2 (t)=s 1 (t)+s 2 (t)(1)

当s1(t)=s2(t),即两震源信号完全一致,则得到理想的相控震源信号 When s 1 (t)=s 2 (t), that is, the two source signals are completely consistent, then the ideal phase-controlled source signal is obtained

S1(t)=s1(t)+s1(t)(2) S 1 (t)=s 1 (t)+s 1 (t)(2)

设 为相关运算符,令 set up is the correlation operator, let

RR 22 (( tt )) == SS 22 (( tt )) ⊗⊗ sthe s 11 (( tt )) RR 11 (( tt )) == SS 11 (( tt )) ⊗⊗ sthe s 11 (( tt )) -- -- -- (( 33 ))

计算R2(t)较R1(t)的信噪比下降程度,若不超过3dB,则满足一致性判定的第一个条件; Calculate the decrease degree of SNR of R 2 (t) compared to R 1 (t), if it does not exceed 3dB, the first condition of consistency judgment is satisfied;

(2)考虑相控震源系统垂向定位误差不大于2m的要求。由于非同相叠加的地震波在相关检测后会出现主瓣时移,该时移将会造成地层的垂向定位误差。根 据地震波运动学可知,设地下介质平均速度为V,目标地层深度D,针对地震波双倍旅行时T,存在 (2) Consider the requirement that the vertical positioning error of the phase-controlled source system is not greater than 2m. Due to the time shift of the main lobe of the non-in-phase stacked seismic waves after correlation detection, the time shift will cause the vertical positioning error of the formation. According to the kinematics of seismic waves, assuming that the average velocity of the underground medium is V, the target formation depth is D, and for the double travel time T of seismic waves, there exists

2D=V*T    (4) 2D=V*T (4)

可见,若垂向定位精度误差为ΔD,则双倍旅行时误差 It can be seen that if the vertical positioning accuracy error is ΔD, the double travel time error

ΔT=2ΔD/V    (5) ΔT=2ΔD/V (5)

以P波速度为1400-3500m/s计,对于ΔD≤2m,ΔT不超过1.14-2.86ms。即R2(t)最大值点与理想信号R1(t)最大值点对应的时间误差应不超过1.14-2.86ms,这是一致性判定的第二个条件; Based on the P wave velocity of 1400-3500m/s, for ΔD≤2m, ΔT does not exceed 1.14-2.86ms. That is, the time error corresponding to the maximum point of R 2 (t) and the maximum point of the ideal signal R 1 (t) should not exceed 1.14-2.86ms, which is the second condition for consistency judgment;

(3)采用方法有相关分析方法,量化两个信号波形的相位一致性,具体要求两个震源信号互相关系数不小于0.95,这是一致性判定的第三个条件; (3) The correlation analysis method is used to quantify the phase consistency of the two signal waveforms. Specifically, the cross-correlation coefficient of the two source signals is required to be not less than 0.95, which is the third condition for consistency determination;

(4)若相控震源满足上述3个条件,视为一致性相控源,判定结束;否则,视为非一致性相控震源,可执行步骤三进一步分析; (4) If the phase-controlled source satisfies the above three conditions, it is regarded as a consistent phase-controlled source, and the judgment ends; otherwise, it is regarded as an inconsistent phase-controlled source, and further analysis can be performed in step 3;

针对实施例的一组相控震源,两个震源信号的时域波形sig.1和sig.2如图1所示,可以看出sig.1与sig.2的波形变化趋势一致;使用时域一致性评价方法对样本数据sig.1和sig.2进行分析,得到的实际与理想相控震源地震子波如图2(a)所示,图2(b)为图2(a)的波形放大。由图2可知,相控震源系统中的震源激发的地震波到时偏差为0,信噪比下降为0.4242dB,小于3dB,相关系数为0.9850,符合一致性要求。实际相控震源输出信号与理论输出信号相比信噪比下降0.4242dB,满足小于3dB条件; For a group of phase-controlled seismic sources of the embodiment, the time-domain waveforms sig.1 and sig.2 of the two seismic source signals are shown in Figure 1. It can be seen that the waveforms of sig.1 and sig.2 have the same trend; The consistency evaluation method analyzes the sample data sig.1 and sig.2, and the obtained actual and ideal phase-controlled seismic wavelets are shown in Fig. 2(a), and Fig. 2(b) is the waveform of Fig. 2(a) enlarge. It can be seen from Fig. 2 that the arrival time deviation of seismic waves excited by the source in the phased source system is 0, the signal-to-noise ratio drops to 0.4242dB, which is less than 3dB, and the correlation coefficient is 0.9850, which meets the consistency requirements. Compared with the theoretical output signal, the signal-to-noise ratio of the actual phase-controlled vibrator output signal is reduced by 0.4242dB, meeting the condition of less than 3dB;

步骤三、针对时域分析不满足一致性要求的相控震源,为了掌握不一致的具体特征,可增加频率域内相控震源一致性辅助分析环节;方法如下:采用FFT方法,求其幅频与相频特征,从而得到各震源在不同频段的响应特性差异,指导震源的调节及维护。 Step 3. For the phase-controlled vibrator that does not meet the consistency requirements in the time-domain analysis, in order to grasp the specific characteristics of the inconsistency, an auxiliary analysis link for the consistency of the phase-controlled vibroseis in the frequency domain can be added; the method is as follows: use the FFT method to find the amplitude-frequency and phase Frequency characteristics, so as to obtain the response characteristic difference of each source in different frequency bands, and guide the adjustment and maintenance of the source.

由图2和图3可知,两个震源信号的时域波形sig.3和sig.4在130Hz到150Hz频段内,幅度出现了较大的偏差,两组数据的幅度变化趋势在其他频段变化基本一致,但幅值有较大不同。具体的,在120~140Hz频段内,sig.3的幅度大于sig.4,而在140~200Hz频段内,则是sig.4大于sig.3的幅度;sig.3和sig.4相位谱变化趋势基本相同,但总体上sig.3的相位比sig.4的相位超前,导致了系统的总体一致性出现偏差。 From Figure 2 and Figure 3, it can be seen that the time-domain waveforms sig.3 and sig.4 of the two seismic source signals have large deviations in the frequency range from 130Hz to 150Hz, and the amplitude variation trend of the two sets of data changes basically in other frequency bands. The same, but the amplitude is quite different. Specifically, in the 120-140Hz frequency band, the amplitude of sig.3 is greater than that of sig.4, while in the 140-200Hz frequency band, the amplitude of sig.4 is greater than that of sig.3; the phase spectrum of sig.3 and sig.4 changes The trends are basically the same, but generally the phase of sig.3 is ahead of the phase of sig.4, leading to a deviation in the overall consistency of the system.

Claims (1)

1.一种相控震源一致性判定方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤: 1. A phase-controlled seismic source consistency determination method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: 步骤一、针对高精度地震勘探要求,首先确定一致性准则,即满足如下要求的系统被认为是一致的:相控震源地震数据垂向定位精度误差不超过2m;实际信噪比改善能力与理论值相比,信噪比下降不超过3dB;各震源激发信号具有较高线性度; Step 1. For the requirements of high-precision seismic exploration, first determine the consistency criterion, that is, the system that meets the following requirements is considered consistent: the vertical positioning accuracy error of the phase-controlled seismic source seismic data does not exceed 2m; the actual signal-to-noise ratio improvement ability is consistent with the theoretical Compared with the value, the signal-to-noise ratio drops by no more than 3dB; the excitation signals of each source have high linearity; 步骤二、根据上述一致性准则,给出相控震源时域相关分析判定方法,具体要求一致性相控震源应同时满足下述三个条件: Step 2. According to the above consistency criterion, the phase-controlled vibroseis time-domain correlation analysis and judgment method is given, and the specific requirement is that the phase-controlled vibrator should meet the following three conditions at the same time: (1)首先分析不同震源信号非同相叠加引起信号信噪比下降情况,设                                                代表两个不同的震源信号,在位于远场的检波器,目标体反射的相控震源信号可表示为 (1) First, analyze the signal-to-noise ratio decrease caused by non-in-phase superposition of different seismic source signals, and set , Representing two different source signals, in the far-field geophone, the phase-controlled source signal reflected by the target body can be expressed as       (1) (1) ,即两震源信号完全一致,则得到理想的相控震源信号 when , that is, the two source signals are completely consistent, and the ideal phase-controlled source signal is obtained              (2) (2) 为相关运算符,令 set up is the correlation operator, let         (3) (3) 计算的信噪比下降程度,若不超过3dB,则满足一致性判定的第一个条件; calculate compare If the signal-to-noise ratio decline does not exceed 3dB, the first condition for consistency judgment is satisfied; (2)考虑相控震源地震数据垂向定位精度误差不大于2m的要求,由于非同相叠加的地震波在相关检测后会出现主瓣时移,该时移将会造成地层的垂向定位精度误差,根据地震波运动学可知,设地下介质平均速度为V,目标地层深度D,针对地震波双倍旅行时T,存在 (2) Considering the requirement that the vertical positioning accuracy error of phase-controlled seismic source seismic data is not greater than 2m, since the non-in-phase superimposed seismic waves will have a main lobe time shift after correlation detection, this time shift will cause the vertical positioning accuracy error of the formation , according to the seismic wave kinematics, assuming that the average velocity of the underground medium is V , the target formation depth is D , and for the double travel time T of the seismic wave, there exists            (4) (4) 可见,若垂向定位精度误差为,则双倍旅行时误差 It can be seen that if the vertical positioning accuracy error is , then the double travel time error                    (5) (5) 以P波速度为1400—3500m/s计,对于不超过1.14—2.86ms,即最大值点与理想信号最大值点对应的时间误差应不超过1.14—2.86ms,这是一致性判定的第二个条件; Based on the P-wave velocity of 1400-3500m/s, for , No more than 1.14—2.86ms, that is Maximum point and ideal signal The time error corresponding to the maximum point should not exceed 1.14-2.86ms, which is the second condition for consistency judgment; (3)采用相关分析方法,量化两个信号波形的相位一致性,具体要求是两个震源信号互相关系数不小于0.95,这是一致性判定的第三个条件; (3) Use the correlation analysis method to quantify the phase consistency of the two signal waveforms. The specific requirement is that the cross-correlation coefficient of the two source signals is not less than 0.95, which is the third condition for consistency judgment; (4)若相控震源满足上述3个条件,视为一致性相控震源,判定结束;否则,视为非一致性相控震源,执行步骤三,进一步判定; (4) If the phase-controlled vibroseis meets the above three conditions, it is regarded as a consistent phase-controlled vibroseis, and the judgment ends; otherwise, it is regarded as a non-consistent phase-controlled vibroseis, and step 3 is performed for further judgment; 步骤三、针对时域分析不满足一致性要求的相控震源,采用傅里叶变换(FFT)方法,求其幅频与相频特征,从而得到各震源在不同频段的响应特性差异,指导震源的调节及维护。 Step 3. For the phase-controlled seismic sources that do not meet the consistency requirements in the time-domain analysis, use the Fourier transform (FFT) method to find their amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency characteristics, so as to obtain the difference in response characteristics of each seismic source in different frequency bands, and guide the seismic source adjustment and maintenance.
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