CN102796159A - 一类达玛烷糖苷及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一类达玛烷糖苷及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102796159A CN102796159A CN2011101353967A CN201110135396A CN102796159A CN 102796159 A CN102796159 A CN 102796159A CN 2011101353967 A CN2011101353967 A CN 2011101353967A CN 201110135396 A CN201110135396 A CN 201110135396A CN 102796159 A CN102796159 A CN 102796159A
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- compound
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- dammarane
- Prior art date
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- -1 Dammarane glucosides Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 229930182478 glucoside Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-mannomethylose Natural products CC1OC(O)C(O)C(O)C1O SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N D-xylopyranose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1COC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- PNNNRSAQSRJVSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N L-rhamnose Natural products CC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O PNNNRSAQSRJVSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N arabinose Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-Pyranose-Lyxose Natural products OC1COC(O)C(O)C1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000002402 hexoses Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000002972 pentoses Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-IVMDWMLBSA-N 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose Chemical compound N[C@H]1C(O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-IVMDWMLBSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-CUHNMECISA-N D-Cellobiose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-CUHNMECISA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N D-mannopyranose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-SOOFDHNKSA-N D-ribofuranose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-SOOFDHNKSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- PNNNRSAQSRJVSB-SLPGGIOYSA-N Fucose Natural products C[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C=O PNNNRSAQSRJVSB-SLPGGIOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- IAJILQKETJEXLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Galacturonsaeure Natural products O=CC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O IAJILQKETJEXLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-DHVFOXMCSA-N L-fucopyranose Chemical compound C[C@@H]1OC(O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-DHVFOXMCSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-JFNONXLTSA-N L-rhamnopyranose Chemical compound C[C@@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-JFNONXLTSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-LMVFSUKVSA-N Ribose Natural products OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-LMVFSUKVSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-D-Furanose-Ribose Natural products OCC1OC(O)C(O)C1O HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N alpha-D-galactose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-WDCZJNDASA-N arabinose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-WDCZJNDASA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-galactosamine Natural products NC1C(O)OC(CO)C(O)C1O MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229930182830 galactose Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229960002442 glucosamine Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229940097043 glucuronic acid Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 137
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 88
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 70
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 49
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical class CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- PYXFVCFISTUSOO-VUFVRDRTSA-N (20R)-protopanaxadiol Chemical compound C1C[C@H](O)C(C)(C)[C@@H]2CC[C@@]3(C)[C@]4(C)CC[C@H]([C@](C)(O)CCC=C(C)C)[C@H]4[C@H](O)C[C@@H]3[C@]21C PYXFVCFISTUSOO-VUFVRDRTSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- PYXFVCFISTUSOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N betulafolienetriol Natural products C1CC(O)C(C)(C)C2CCC3(C)C4(C)CCC(C(C)(O)CCC=C(C)C)C4C(O)CC3C21C PYXFVCFISTUSOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 36
- 229930182470 glycoside Natural products 0.000 claims description 29
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium on carbon Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical group C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- GHWSMQHJFMAATF-DSHMRAQASA-N 20(S)-protopanaxadiol Natural products CC(=CCC[C@@](O)(CO)[C@H]1CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]1CC[C@H]3[C@@]2(C)CC[C@H]4C(C)(C)[C@@H](O)CC[C@]34CO)C GHWSMQHJFMAATF-DSHMRAQASA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-bromosuccinimide Chemical compound BrN1C(=O)CCC1=O PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001339 alkali metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002338 glycosides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical compound CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960001701 chloroform Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010511 deprotection reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000348 glycosyl donor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 208000001072 type 2 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910020889 NaBH3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical class CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000008131 glucosides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011968 lewis acid catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KZMGYPLQYOPHEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron trifluoride etherate Chemical compound FB(F)F.CCOCC KZMGYPLQYOPHEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910010084 LiAlH4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- JRNVZBWKYDBUCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-chlorosuccinimide Chemical compound ClN1C(=O)CCC1=O JRNVZBWKYDBUCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LQZMLBORDGWNPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-iodosuccinimide Chemical group IN1C(=O)CCC1=O LQZMLBORDGWNPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002140 halogenating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012280 lithium aluminium hydride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoplatinum Chemical compound [Pt]=O MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910003446 platinum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002791 glucosyl group Chemical group C1([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006206 glycosylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005493 quinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000969 xylosyl group Chemical group C1([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO1)* 0.000 claims description 3
- UPQQXPKAYZYUKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-trichloroacetamide Chemical group OC(=N)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl UPQQXPKAYZYUKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JHWIEAWILPSRMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-3-pyrimidin-4-ylpropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)CC1=CC=NC=N1 JHWIEAWILPSRMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NHQDETIJWKXCTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloroperbenzoic acid Chemical group OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 NHQDETIJWKXCTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006646 Dess-Martin oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910004373 HOAc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)C KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003310 Ni-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001263 acyl chlorides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- IAJILQKETJEXLJ-QTBDOELSSA-N aldehydo-D-glucuronic acid Chemical compound O=C[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C(O)=O IAJILQKETJEXLJ-QTBDOELSSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005233 alkylalcohol group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007810 chemical reaction solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940117975 chromium trioxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- GAMDZJFZMJECOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Cr+6] GAMDZJFZMJECOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005695 dehalogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- NKLCNNUWBJBICK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dess–martin periodinane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2I(OC(=O)C)(OC(C)=O)(OC(C)=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 NKLCNNUWBJBICK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002730 mercury Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BRMYZIKAHFEUFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L mercury diacetate Chemical group CC(=O)O[Hg]OC(C)=O BRMYZIKAHFEUFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- PSHKMPUSSFXUIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylpyridin-2-amine Chemical group CN(C)C1=CC=CC=N1 PSHKMPUSSFXUIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001820 oxy group Chemical group [*:1]O[*:2] 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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Abstract
本发明属医药领域,涉及一类达玛烷糖苷及应用,具体涉及CompoundK结构类似物,该CompoundK结构类似物是20(S)或20(R),3β,25-三羟基达玛烷-12-酮的20位用阿拉伯糖、木糖、核糖等戊糖,或鼠李糖、岩藻糖、喹喏糖等6-脱氧己糖,或葡萄糖、半乳糖、甘露糖、古罗糖、葡萄糖醛酸,氨基葡糖等己糖,或乳糖、纤维二糖等寡糖修饰的衍生物,及其3位用C1-C20的脂肪酰基、C1-C20的杂原子取代脂肪酰基、芳香酰氧基、取代芳香酰氧基或杂芳酰氧基修饰的衍生物。该达玛烷糖苷经动物试验,结果表明,能显著减小动物灌服葡萄糖后血糖曲线下面积,提高糖耐量,降低血糖。所述的达玛烷糖苷可用于制备治疗糖尿病的药用及保健品剂型,特别是II型糖尿病的治疗用药物。
Description
技术领域
本发明属医药领域,涉及一类达玛烷糖苷及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
人参是传统名贵中药材,素有“百草之王”之称,人参的主要活性成分是人参皂苷;至今人们已经分离得到了30余种人参皂苷,根据其结构骨架不同可分为达玛烷型和齐墩果烷型,其中,达玛烷型又主要包括原人参二醇型、原人参三醇型等。1972年,Yasioka等在用土壤细菌降解二醇型人参皂苷Rbl,Rb2和Rc混合物来鉴定真苷元结构时首次发现了20-O-β-D葡萄糖基-20(S)-原人参二醇(Compound K, CK),后来有研究利用粗橙皮苷酶、柚苷酶和果胶酶,酶解所述的二醇型人参皂苷混合物也成功获得了CK。Karikura等在口服人参皂苷Rbl及Rb2后的Wistar大鼠大肠内容物中分离到了CK;通过比较酸水解和盲肠内容物酵解人参皂苷Rbl和Rb2的产物,发现在酸水解产物中并没有CK,而在盲肠内容物的酵解产物中却存在大量CK,由此证明在大鼠肠道中出现的CK并不是胃酸水解的产物,而是通过肠道微生物降解得到的。1996年Hasegawa课题组运用体外厌氧培养人肠道菌群技术,对人参皂苷的肠道菌代谢过程进行了系统研究,提出了Rbl,Rb2和Rc降解到CK的具体代谢途径,对人参皂苷在体内活性成分的研究起到了里程碑的作用。Akao等将人的Rbl代谢肠道菌株Eubacterium sp.A-44植入到无菌大鼠,形成悉生动物模型,比较其与无菌动物口服Rbl后在血浆、胃肠道及排泄物中Rbl和CK的差异,结果证实,Rbl在肠道中的吸收很少,只是一个“天然前药”, CK才是真正吸收和发挥活性作用的实体。
近年来,有关CK抗糖尿病的机理研究中,细胞水平研究结果显示,CK对HIT-T15细胞和原代培养的胰岛细胞具有促胰岛素分泌作用;以IRC小鼠进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验时,发现CK可明显抑制血糖的升高,25mg/Kg剂量的CK可使口服葡萄糖30 min后血浆胰岛素含量由对照组的31.9±0.8μU/mL升至37.5±1.1μU/mL。糖尿病模型C57BL/KsJ db/db小鼠口服CK后多项代谢参数发生了如下改变:20mg/Kg剂量的CK培养25天后,进水量减少37%,空腹血糖浓度降低61%,胰岛素抗性指数下降38%,然而血浆胰岛素含量并无明显变化;血酯水平明显改善,非胆固醇类脂肪含量减少22%,高密度脂肪酸增加15% 。目前,基因水平研究发现,CK使肝细胞中葡萄糖激酶与葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶活性提高,而葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶活性下降,从而抑制肝内糖异生,增加肝糖原生成,促进糖酵解;CK也可上调脂肪细胞中过氧化物酶体增生物激活受体-γ(PPAR-γ)、脂肪酸合成酶及硬脂酸辅酶A去饱和酶1(SCD1)的基因表达,从而促进脂肪生成,提高胰岛素敏感性,诱导脂肪细胞的分化,并进一步优化血浆脂肪结构,降低肝脏内甘油三酯水平。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一类达玛烷糖苷,具体涉及一类Compound K结构类似物,所述的Compound
K结构类似物是20(S)或20(R),
3β, 25-三羟基达玛烷-12-酮的20位用阿拉伯糖、木糖、核糖等戊糖,或鼠李糖、岩藻糖、喹喏糖等6-脱氧己糖,或葡萄糖、半乳糖、甘露糖、古罗糖、葡萄糖醛酸,氨基葡糖等己糖,或乳糖、纤维二糖等寡糖修饰的衍生物,及其3位用C1-C20的脂肪酰基、C1-C20的杂原子取代脂肪酰基、芳香酰氧基、取代芳香酰氧基或杂芳酰氧基修饰的衍生物。
本发明的另一目的是提供所述的达玛烷糖苷的制备方法。
本发明的进一步目的是提供所述的达玛烷糖苷在抗糖尿病中的应用。
本发明中,所述的达玛烷糖苷,具有式(Ⅰ)的结构,
(Ⅰ)
其中,
R1为氢、C1-C20的脂肪酰基、C1-C20的杂原子取代脂肪酰基、芳香酰氧基、取代芳香酰氧基或杂芳酰氧基等;本发明中,R1优选为氢;
R3为氢,C1-C20的烷基、C1-C20的卤素取代的烷基、C1-C20的脂肪酰基取代芳香氧基或杂芳酰基等;
R2为结构为的阿拉伯糖基、结构为的木糖基、结构为的核糖基等无保护、C1-C20的脂肪酰基取代或芳香酰基取代的戊糖基,或结构为的鼠李糖基、结构为的岩藻糖基、结构为的喹喏糖基等无保护、C1-C20的脂肪酰基取代或芳香酰基取代的6-脱氧己糖,或结构为的葡萄糖基、结构为的半乳糖基、结构为的甘露糖基、结构为的葡萄糖醛酸基、结构为的2-脱氧-2-氨基葡萄糖基等无保护、C1-C20的脂肪酰基取代或芳香酰基取代的己糖基,或结构为的乳糖基、结构为的纤维二糖基等无保护、C1-C20的脂肪酰基取代或芳香酰基取代的寡糖基等,上述结构式中,R5优选为氢、C2-C6的脂肪酰基或芳香酰基等,R6优选为氢、C1-C10的脂肪烷基等;
本发明中,R2优选为葡萄糖基、木糖基、喹喏糖基、鼠李糖基或乳糖基。
本发明提供了所述的达玛烷糖苷的制备方法。
本发明中,所述的达玛烷糖苷的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)选择性保护20(S)或20(R)-原人参二醇,得到式(Ⅱ)的二取代的20(S)或20(R)-原人参二醇,
(Ⅱ)
式中,
R优选为C1-C20的脂肪酰基、芳香酰基、取代芳香酰基或杂芳酰基,含保护基团反应物优选为酸酐、活性酯、酰氯,反应中20(S)或20(R)-原人参二醇与含保护基团反应物的摩尔比优先为1:2.5-1:7.0,反应温度优选为0-80℃,反应时间为1.0-12小时,有机溶剂优选为二氯甲烷、氯仿、二氯乙烷、吡啶、三乙胺或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中一种或一种以上的混合物,催化剂优选为二甲氨基吡啶、三乙胺、吡啶、二异丙基乙胺或N,N,N,N-四甲基乙二胺,所述的化合物用柱层析或重结晶纯化;
(2)选择性脱除二取代的20(S)或20(R)-原人参二醇12位保护基,得到式(Ⅲ)的3位取代的20(S)或20(R)-原人参二醇,
(Ⅲ)
将二取代的20(S)或20(R)-原人参二醇和一价碱金属化合物在极性溶剂中进行脱保护基反应生成3位取代的20(S)或20(R)-原人参二醇;其中,二取代的20(S)或20(R)-原人参二醇和一价碱金属化合物的摩尔比优选为1:0.01-0.6,反应温度优选为0-25℃,反应时间优选为0.5-3小时,本步骤生成的化合物可不经纯化直接投入下一步或经柱层析纯化;
(3)3位取代的20(S)或20(R)-原人参二醇发生氧化反应,得到式(Ⅳ)的3位取代的20(S)或20(R)-原人参二醇的12位氧化产物(3位取代的20(S)或20(R), 3β-二羟基达玛烷-24-烯-12-酮),
(Ⅳ)
3位取代20(S)或20(R)-原人参二醇与氧化剂在有机溶剂中发生氧化反应,得到3位取代的20(S)或20(R), 3β-二羟基达玛烷-24-烯-12-酮;其中,氧化剂优选为重铬酸二吡啶盐、吡啶铬酐、重铬酸钾、重铬酸钠、Dess-Martin氧化剂或三氧化铬,有机溶剂优选为二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、吡啶、二氯乙烷中一种或一种以上的混合物;3位取代20(S)或20(R)-原人参二醇与氧化剂的摩尔比优选为1:1.0-10,反应温度为25-60℃,反应时间优选为0.5-3小时,所述的化合物用柱层析或重结晶纯化;
(4)3位取代的20(S)或20(R), 3β-二羟基达玛烷-24-烯-12-酮与糖基供体在催化剂作用下反应,得到式(Ⅴ)的糖苷,
(Ⅴ)
3位取代的20(S)或20(R),
3β-二羟基达玛烷-24-烯-12-酮、糖基供体、路易斯酸催化剂和分子筛在惰性气体保护下,在有机溶剂中进行糖苷化反应,其中,3位取代的20(S)或20(R), 3β-二羟基达玛烷-24-烯-12-酮、糖基供体和路易斯酸催化剂的摩尔比优选为1:1.0-5.0:0.01-0.5,3位取代的20(S)或20(R), 3β-二羟基达玛烷-24-烯-12-酮和分子筛的质量比优选为1:0.1-7.0,反应温度优选为-40-0℃,反应结束时加入淬灭剂淬灭反应,所述的化合物用柱层析或重结晶纯化;
(5)将步骤(4)中纯化后的糖苷产物在不同的条件下反应,得到式(Ⅵ)的25-羟基化合物。
(Ⅵ)
①步骤(4)中,纯化后的糖苷产物溶于极性溶剂和水的混合溶剂中,在酸催化作用下发生水解,得到25-羟基化合物;其中,酸优选为硫酸、盐酸、磷酸、高氯酸、三氟乙酸等酸或酸性树脂、酸吸附的硅胶等固定化酸等,糖苷产物与酸的比例优选为1:0.01-10,反应温度优选为-40-80℃;
②步骤(4)中,纯化后的糖苷产物在水和汞盐的作用下得到式(Ⅶ)的羟汞化产物,经还原脱汞即得到25-羟基化合物;其中,汞盐优选为乙酸汞等,还原剂优选为NaBH4,NaBH3CN等含硼还原剂等;
(Ⅶ)
③步骤(4)中纯化后的糖苷产物在氧化剂作用下得到式(Ⅷ)的环氧化合物,经还原开环即得到25-羟基化合物;其中,氧化剂优选为间氯过氧苯甲酸、双氧水等。还原剂优选为LiAlH4,红铝等含铝还原剂、NaBH4,NaBH3CN等含硼还原剂,SmI2,N2H4等;还原条件也可为催化氢化,其中,催化剂优选为Pd-C,PdOH,钯黑,氧化铂等,供氢源优选为氢气、甲酸、甲酰胺等;
(Ⅷ)
④步骤(4)中纯化后的糖苷产物在卤化剂和水作用下得到式(Ⅸ)的24-卤代-25-羟基化合物,经还原脱卤即得到25-羟基化合物;其中,卤化剂优选为N-碘代丁二酰亚胺、N-溴代丁二酰亚胺、N-氯代丁二酰亚胺,反应溶剂优选为四氢呋喃、丙酮等,脱卤反应条件优选为催化氢化、二价铬还原法、金属氢化物法、以及金属还原,其中催化氢化催化剂优选为Pd-C,PdOH,钯黑,氧化铂等,供氢源优选为氢气、甲酸、甲酰胺等,二价铬试剂优选为Cr(ClO4)2,金属氢化物优选为LiAlH4、NaBH4、NaBH3CN、Et3SiH、Bu3SnH等,金属还原剂优选为Zn/HOAc、Ni-Al/NaOH、Na/t-BuOH、Li/THF/t-BuOH、Mg/t-BuOH等;
(Ⅸ)
上述方法所得的25-羟基化合物经柱层析和重结晶纯化;
(6)步骤(5)所得25-羟基化合物和一价碱金属化合物在极性溶剂中进行脱保护基反应,得到式(Ⅹ)的3-取代的20(S)或20(R), 3β,24-三羟基达玛烷-12-酮-12-糖基化衍生物;其中,步骤(5)中纯化后的产物和一价碱金属化合物的摩尔比优选为1:0.01-1.0,反应温度优选为0-25℃,反应时间优选为0.5-3小时,本步骤生成的化合物经柱层析纯化或重结晶纯化;
(Ⅹ)
(7)将步骤(5)或(6)中纯化后的产物和一价碱金属化合物在极性溶剂中进行脱保护基反应生成20(S)或20(R)-O-糖基达玛烷-3,25-二醇-12-酮;其中,步骤(5)或(6)中纯化后的产物和一价碱金属化合物的摩尔比优选为1:1-10,反应温度优选为25-100℃,反应时间优选为1-24小时,本步骤生成的化合物经柱层析纯化;
本发明中,所述的糖基供体为单糖或寡糖的三氯乙酰亚胺酯、乙硫苷、苯硫苷、对甲苯硫苷或卤代单糖或寡糖,其保护基为C2-C6的脂肪酰基或芳香酰基;
所述的路易斯酸催化剂优选为C3-C9的N-卤代酰胺、C1-C6的氟代烃基磺酸、C2-C8的硅基氟代烃基磺酸酯、C1-C6的氟代烃基磺酸银、三氟化硼-乙醚络合物或三氟化硼-乙醚混合物。
本发明中,所述的糖苷化反应中的有机溶剂优选为C1-C4的氯代烷烃、甲苯或乙醚。
本发明中,所述的淬灭剂优选为三甲胺、三乙胺或硫代硫酸钠。
本发明中,所述的分子筛优选为3 Å -5 Å型硅铝酸盐分子筛。
本发明中,所述的柱层析纯化中洗脱用的溶剂优选为石油醚、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、三氯甲烷、甲醇、正己烷或环己烷中一种或多种的混合物。
本发明中,所述的一价碱金属化合物优选为氢氧化钠、甲醇钠、乙醇钠、氢氧化钾或氢氧化锂。
本发明中,所述的脱保护基反应中极性溶剂优选为四氢呋喃、甲醇、乙醇、二氯甲烷、水中的一种或多种的混合物。
本发明中,所述的重结晶纯化中的溶剂优选为三氯甲烷、C1-C4的烷基醇、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、正己烷、石油醚、环己烷、二氯甲烷、水中一种或多种的混合物。
本发明提供了所述的达玛烷糖苷在抗糖尿病中的应用。
本发明对所合成的达玛烷糖苷进行了小鼠血糖的影响试验,试验结果表明,所述的达玛烷糖苷能显著减小正常小鼠灌服葡萄糖后血糖曲线下面积,提高小鼠的糖耐量(p<0.01),其对小鼠血糖的降低作用与二甲双胍相当。本发明所述的达玛烷糖苷对糖尿病,尤其是对II型糖尿病有良好的治疗效果,其疗效可优于二甲双胍;所述的达玛烷糖苷可用于制备治疗糖尿病的任何药用及保健品剂型,特别是II型糖尿病的治疗用药物。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用于限制本发明的范围。
在本发明的实施例中,所用的试剂为商购的分析纯试剂。当描述某溶剂为“干燥溶剂”时,是指将商购的该溶剂在干燥剂(氢化钠或分子筛)的存在下回流一段时间后获得的溶剂。核磁共振谱的测定仪器为:JEOL
JNM-ECP 600 MHz核磁共振波谱仪、Brurker Avance
III 400 MHz核磁共振波谱仪;HRMS的测定仪器为:Q-TOF
Global 质谱仪、Ionspec 4.7 Tesla质谱仪。
实施例 1 3β, 25-二羟基-20(S) -O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基达玛烷-12-酮
1.1 3,12-二-O-乙酰基-20(S)-原人参二醇(1A) 的合成
将原人参二醇(150 g, 0.307 mol)混合于干燥吡啶(1 L),冰浴条件下滴加Ac2O(152.5
mL, 1.95 mol),自然恢复至室温反应6 h。将反应液减压浓缩,CHCl3(5
L)溶解,依次用稀盐酸,饱和NaHCO3水溶液,饱和NaCl水溶液洗涤,有机层用无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,减压浓缩,得微黄色固体重结晶(乙酸乙酯/石油醚)得白色晶体1A
157.8 g,收率89.0%。
化合物(1A)的波谱数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3): 5.15(t, J = 6.6
Hz, 1H, H-24), 4.72(td, J = 10.8, 4.8 Hz, 1H, H-12), 4.48(dd, J = 12.0, 4.2 Hz,
1H, H-3), 2.04(s, 3H, H-COCH 3), 2.03(s, 3H, H-COCH 3),
1.70(s, 3H), 1.63(s, 3H), 1.12(s, 3H), 1.00(s, 3H), 0.94(s, 3H), 0.87(s, 3H),
0.85(s, 3H), 0.84(s, 3H)。
1.2
3 -O-乙酰基-20(S)-原人参二醇(1B)
的合成
将化合物1A(78 g, 0.143
mol)溶于100 mL CH2Cl2,加入400 mL甲醇,加入MeONa(396 mg,
0.0143 mol),室温反应3 h。加入适量阳离子树脂调节pH至7,过滤除去树脂,浓缩得白色晶体 1B(69.1 g, 97.0%)。
化合物(1B)的波谱数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3): 5.15(t, J = 6.6
Hz, 1H, H-24), 4.47(dd, J = 11.0, 5.5 Hz, 1H, H-3), 3.60(td, J = 10.5, 5.0 Hz,
1H, H-12), 2.04(s, 3H, H-COCH 3), 1.69(s, 3H), 1.63(s, 3H),
1.19(s, 3H), 0.98(s, 3H), 0.90(s, 3H), 0.87(s, 3H), 0.85(s, 6H)。
1.3
3-β-O-乙酰基-20(S)-羟基达玛烷-24-烯-12-酮(1C) 的合成
将化合物1B(69 g, 0.137
mol)溶于干燥500 mL CH2Cl2,室温搅拌30 min后加入PDC(60.9 g,
0.206 mol)室温反应约10 h,抽滤除去不溶物,滤液浓缩柱层析分离(乙酸乙酯/正己烷=1/10)得白色晶体1C(54.2 g, 79.0%)。
化合物(1C)的波谱数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3): 5.10(tt, J =
5.5,1.0 Hz, 1H, H-24), 4.78(dd, J = 11.5,
4.9 Hz, 1H, H-3), 2.05(s, 3H, H-COCH 3), 1.68(s, 3H), 1.62(s,
3H), 1.18(s, 3H), 1.12(s, 3H), 0.95(s, 3H), 0.88(s, 3H), 0.87(s, 3H), 0.80(s,
3H);13C NMR(CDCl3):
213.9, 170.8, 131.5, 124.9, 80.3, 73.1, 56.2, 55.8, 54.6, 53.2, 46.2, 40.2,
39.1, 38.1, 37.9, 37.8, 37.4, 33.9, 30.8, 27.9, 26.4, 25.7, 24.7, 23.4, 22.4,
21.3, 18.2, 17.7, 17.4, 16.4, 15.94, 15.90。
1.4
3-β-O-乙酰基-20(S)
-O- (2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基)达玛烷-24-烯-12-酮(1D) 的合成
将1C(145 mg, 0.289
mmol)溶于干燥CH2Cl2,加入适量4Å 分子筛,氩气保护,室温搅拌30min后将反应体系温度降至-40℃,滴加TMSOTf(5 μL, 0.0289 mmol),30min后滴加2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基葡萄糖三氯亚胺酯(427 mg, 0.867 mmol)的CH2Cl2(4
ml)溶液,-40℃反应。TLC检测反应完毕后,加入1滴Et3N终止反应,恢复至室温,抽滤出去分子筛,反应液浓缩,柱层析分离(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=1/8)得白色固体(215.9 mg,
89.9%)。
化合物(1D)的波谱数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3): 5.18(t-like, J
= 9.7, 9.6 Hz, 1H, H-3’), 5.04(t, J =
6.9 Hz, 1H, H-3), 4.98(t, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H, H-4’),
4.93(dd, J = 9.6, 7.8 Hz, 1H, H-2’),
4.60(d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H, H-1’), 4.47(dd, J =
11.5,4.6 Hz, 1H, H-24), 4.14(dd, J = 11.9, 6.8 Hz, 1H, H-6’-1), 4.08(dd, J = 11.9, 2.3 Hz, 1H, H-6’-2), 3.66(ddd, J = 9.6, 6.8, 2.3 Hz, 1H, H-5’), 3.01(d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H, H-13), 2.45(td, J = 9.6, 5.5
Hz, 1H, H-14), 2.05(s, 3H, H-COCH 3), 2.04(s, 3H, H-COCH 3),
2.02(s, 3H, H-COCH 3), 1.99(s, 3H, H-COCH 3),
1.98(s, 3H, H-COCH 3), 1.66(s, 3H), 1.61(s, 3H), 1.20(s, 3H),
1.03(s, 3H), 0.97(s, 3H), 0.88(s, 3H), 0.86(s, 3H), 0.73(s, 3H)。
1.5
24-溴-25-羟基-3β-O-乙酰基-20(S) -O-
(2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基)达玛烷-12-酮(1E) 的合成
将1D(250 mg, 0.30
mmol)溶于四氢呋喃10 mL,加入水1 mL,冰浴下分批加入N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(80 mg, 0.45
mmol),冰浴继续反应1 h。TLC检测反应完毕后,加入乙酸乙酯30 mL稀释反应液,依次用5%硫代硫酸钠溶液,饱和食盐水洗涤,有机层以无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,柱层析分离(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=1/2)得白色固体1E (255 mg, 91%)。
化合物(1E)的波谱数据如下:
R Anomer 1H
NMR(CDCl3): 5.20(t, J = 9.4 Hz, 1H, H-3’), 5.01(t, J = 9.8 Hz, 1H, H-4’), 4.95(t-like, J = 9.0, 8.2 Hz, 1H, H-2’), 4.68(d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H, H-1’), 4.46(dd, J = 11.4, 4.7 Hz, 1H, H-3), 4.12-4.18(m, 2H,
H-6’), 3.89(d, J = 9.8 Hz, 1H, H-24),
3.70-3.68(m, 1H, H-5’), 2.97(d, J =
9.8 Hz, 1H, H-13), 2.38-2.44(m, 1H, H-17), 2.16(d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H, H-11),
2.10(s, 3H, H-Ac), 2.04(s, 3H, H-Ac), 2.02(s, 3H, H-Ac), 1.98(s, 6H, H-Ac*2),
1.35(s, 3H, H-26, H-27), 1.19(s, 3H, H-20), 1.04(s, 3H, H-Me), 0.95(s, 3H,
H-Me), 0.87(s, 3H, H-Me), 0.85(s, 3H, H-Me), 0.72(s, 3H, H-Me);13C NMR(CDCl3): 211.3 (C-12),
170.9, 170.7, 170.2, 169.5, 169.1, 94.7(C-1’),
81.8, 80.3, 73.1, 72.6, 72.1, 71.8, 71.7, 68.6, 62.4, 56.2, 55.8, 55.7, 54.3,
41.4, 40.5, 39.7, 38.6, 38.2, 37.8, 37.5, 34.2, 31.6, 29.1, 27.9, 26.5, 26.2,
23.7, 23.4, 22.8, 21.3, 20.8, 20.6, 18.2, 16.7, 16.4, 16.2, 15.6; HRMS: [M+Na]+
C46H71O14BrNa的计算值为
949.3919; 测量值为949.3906.
S Anomer 1H
NMR(CDCl3): 5.18(t, J = 9.4 Hz, 1H, H-3’), 5.04(t-like, J = 9.8, 9.4 Hz, 1H, H-4’), 4.95(t-like, J = 9.4, 8.2 Hz, 1H, H-2’), 4.65(d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H, H-1’), 4.46(dd, J = 11.0, 3.9 Hz, 1H, H-3), 4.22-4.10(m, 2H,
H-6’), 3.89(d, J = 10.6 Hz, 1H, H-24),
3.69-3.66(m, 1H, H-5’), 2.93(d, J =
9.8 Hz, 1H, H-13), 2.46-2.44(m, 1H, H-17), 2.09(s, 3H, H-Ac), 2.04(s, 3H,
H-Ac), 2.02(s, 3H, H-Ac), 1.99(s, 6H, H-Ac*2), 1.39(s, 6H, H-26, H-27), 1.19(s,
3H, H-20), 1.04(s, 3H, H-Me), 0.95(s, 3H, H-Me), 0.87(s, 3H, H-Me), 0.86(s, 3H,
H-Me), 0.72(s, 3H, H-Me);13C
NMR(CDCl3): 211.3 (C-12), 170.9, 170.8, 170.3, 169.5, 169.1,
94.7(C-1’), 81.9, 80.3, 73.1, 72.7, 71.9, 71.8,
71.5, 68.6, 62.4, 56.2, 55.9, 55.7, 54.3, 41.4, 40.4, 39.7, 38.7, 38.2, 37.8,
37.5, 34.2, 31.6, 29.5, 29.0, 27.9, 26.5, 26.3, 23.7, 23.4, 22.7, 21.3, 20.8,
20.6, 18.2, 16.7, 16.4, 16.1, 15.6; HRMS: [M+Na]+ C46H71O14BrNa的计算值为949.3919; 测量值为949.3899.
1.6 25-羟基-3β-O-乙酰基-20(S) -O-
(2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基)达玛烷-12-酮(1F) 的合成
将1E(120 mg, 0.13
mmol)溶于EtOAc 5 mL中加入DIEA
50μL,Pd/C
50 mg, H2置换后室温反应2 h,TLC检测反应完毕后,硅藻土滤除Pd/C,反应液浓缩,柱层析分离(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=1/1)得白色固体1F (108
mg, 91%)
化合物(1F)的波谱数据如下:
1H NMR (CDCl3):5.17 (t, J = 9.4 Hz, 1 H, H-3’), 5.00 (t-like, J = 9.9, 9.3 Hz, 1 H, H-4’), 4.93 (t, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H, H-2’),4.61 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1 H, H-1’), 4.46 (dd,J = 11.5, 4.4 Hz, 1 H, H-3), 4.16 (dd, J =
12.1, 6.1 Hz, 1 H, H-6’-1), 4.09 (dd, J
= 12.1, 2.0 Hz, 1 H, H-6’-2), 3.64 (ddd,
J = 9.9, 6.1, 2.2 Hz, 1 H, H-5’), 2.98 (d, J =
9.9 Hz, 1 H, H-13), 2.45 (td, J = 10.4, 5.5 Hz, 1 H, H-17), 2.07 (s, 3 H,
H-Ac), 2.03 (s, 3 H, H-Ac), 2.01 (s, 3 H, H-Ac), 1.98 (s, 6 H, H-Ac, H-Ac),
1.21 (s, 6 H, H-26, H-27), 1.19 (s, 3 H, H-21), 1.02 (s, 3 H, H-Me), 0.95 (s, 3
H, H-Me), 0.87 (s, 3 H, H-Me) , 0.85 (s, 3 H, H-Me), 0.72 (s, 3 H, H-Me). 13C
NMR (CDCl3):211.6 (C-12),
170.8 (C-Ac), 170.6 (C-Ac), 170.2 (C-Ac), 169.5 (C-Ac), 169.0 (C-Ac), 94.6 (C-1’), 82.3, 80.4, 73.2, 71.9, 71.5, 70.7, 68.8, 62.6, 56.1,
55.8, 55.6, 54.5, 44.7, 41.2, 40.5, 39.7, 39.6, 38.3, 37.9, 37.5, 34.3, 29.4,
29.3, 27.9, 23.5, 23.5, 23.2, 21.2, 20.8, 20.6, 19.6, 18,2, 16.8, 16.4, 16.2,
15.6; HRMS: [M+Na]+ C46H72O14Na的计算值为871.4820; 测量值为871.4824.
1.7 25-羟基-3β-O-乙酰基-20(S) -O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基达玛烷-12-酮(1G) 的合成
将1F(100 mg,
120.3mmol)溶于干燥干燥CH2Cl2(2 mL),加入6 mL CH3OH,加入MeONa调节pH至8,25℃反应约1 h。用适量阳离子树脂调节pH至中性,滤除树脂,浓缩,柱层析分离(CHCl3/CH3OH=20/1)得白色固体1G 72 mg,收率90%。
化合物(1F)的波谱数据如下:
1H NMR (CD3OD): 4.46 (dd, J =
11.0, 5.5 Hz, 1 H, H-3), 4.45 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1 H, H-1’), 3.81 (dd, J = 12.1, 2.8 Hz, 1 H, H-6’-1), 3.64 (dd, J = 12.1, 6.1 Hz, 1 H, H-6’-2), 3.36-3.36 (m, 2 H, H-3’,
H-13), 3.28 (t-like, J = 9.4, 8.8 Hz, 1 H, H-4’),
3.12 (ddd, J = 9.9, 6.1, 2.2 Hz, 1 H, H-5’),
3.10 (dd, J = 8.8, 7.7 Hz, 1 H, H-2’),
2.50 (td, J = 9.9, 4.4 Hz, 1 H, H-17), 2.44 (t, J = 13.2 Hz, 1 H, H-11-β), 2.12 (dd, J = 13.2, 3.8 Hz, 1 H, H-11-α), 2.03 (s, 3 H, H-Ac), 1.28 (s, 3 H, H-21), 1.18 (s, 6
H, H-26, H-27), 1.12 (s, 3 H, H-Me), 1.02 (s, 3 H, H-Me), 0.92 (s, 3 H, H-Me),
0.88 (s, 3 H, H-Me) , 0.77 (s, 3 H, H-Me). 13C NMR (CD3OD):
215.3 (C-12), 172.8 (C-Ac), 166.1 (C-Ac), 98.4 (C-Ac), 82.7, 82.1, 78.8, 77.5,
75.7, 71.9, 71.5, 63.0, 57.5, 57.3, 57.2, 56.2, 45.6, 43.4, 42.0, 41.4, 40.8,
39.5, 39.0, 38.8, 35.5, 33.1, 29.5, 29.2, 28.5, 25.0, 24.6, 22.9, 21.2, 20.7,
19.4, 17.2, 16.9, 16.7, 16.3. HRMS: [M+Na]+ C38H64O10Na的计算值为 703.4397; 测量值为703.4406。
1.8
3β, 25-二羟基-20(S)
-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基达玛烷-12-酮(1H) 的合成
将1F(100 mg,
120.3mmol)溶于干燥CH2Cl2(2 mL),加入6 mL CH3OH,加入MeONa调节pH至10,48℃反应约6 h。用适量阳离子树脂调节pH至中性,滤除树脂,浓缩,柱层析分离(CHCl3/CH3OH=15/1)得白色固体1H 65 mg,收率87%。
化合物(1H)的波谱数据如下:
1H NMR (CDOD3): 4.44 (d, J =
13.8 Hz, 1 H, H-1’), 3.81 (dd, J =
11.9 ,2.3 Hz, 1 H, H-6’-1), 3.64 (dd, J
= 11.5, 5.5 Hz, 1 H, H-6’-2), 3.35-3.33
(m, 2 H, H-3’, H-13), 3.27 (t-like, J = 9.6, 8.8 Hz,
1 H, H-4’), 3.21 (ddd, J = 9.7, 5.9, 2.3 Hz, 1 H,
H-5’), 3.15 (dd, J = 11.5, 5.0 Hz, 1 H,
H-3), 3.10 (dd, J = 8.8, 7.8 Hz, 1 H, H-2’),
2.50 (td, J = 10.1, 4.1 Hz, 1 H, H-17), 2.43 (t, J = 13.3 Hz, 1 H, H-11-β), 2.12 (dd, J = 12.8, 4.1 Hz, 1 H, H-11-α), 1.27 (s, 3 H, H-21), 1.18 (s, 6 H, H-26, H-27), 1.12
(s, 3 H, H-Me), 0.99 (s, 3 H, H-Me), 0.98 (s, 3 H, H-Me) , 0.80 (s, 3 H, H-Me)
, 0.75 (s, 3 H, H-Me). 13C NMR(CDOD3): 215.6
(C-12), 98.4, 82.7, 79.4, 78.8, 77.5, 75.7, 71.9, 71.5, 63.0, 57.6, 57.3, 57.2,
56.4, 45.6, 43.4, 41.9, 41.4, 40.8, 40.1, 40.0, 38.9, 35.6, 33.1, 29.5, 29.2,
28.6, 27.9, 25.1, 22.9, 20.7, 19.6, 17.2, 16.7, 16.3, 16.1; HRMS: [M+Na]+
C36H62O9Na的计算值为661.4292;
测量值为661.4304。
实施例 2 3β, 25-二羟基-20(S) -O-β-D-吡喃木糖基达玛烷-12-酮
2.1 3-β-O-乙酰基-20(S) -O- (2,3,4-三-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃木糖基)达玛烷-24-烯-12-酮(2A) 的合成
将2A(145 mg, 0.289
mmol) 和2,3,4-三-O-乙酰基木糖三氯亚胺酯(182 mg, 0.433 mmol)溶于干燥CH2Cl2,加入适量4Å 分子筛,氩气保护,室温搅拌30min后将反应体系温度降至-40℃,滴加TMSOTf(5 μL, 0.0289 mmol),-40℃反应约30 min。TLC检测反应完毕后,加入1滴Et3N终止反应,恢复至室温,抽滤出去分子筛,反应液浓缩,柱层析分离(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=1/5)得白色固体(201 mg, 91.0%)。
化合物(2A)的波谱数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3): 5.15 (t-like, J
= 9.2, 8.7 Hz, 1 H, H-3’), 5.05 (t, J =
6.9 Hz, 1 H, H-24), 4.94 (td, J = 9.2, 5.5 Hz, 1 H, H-4’), 4.86 (dd, J = 8.7, 6.8 Hz, 1 H, H-2’), 4.59 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1 H, H-1’), 4.46 (dd, J = 11.9, 5.0 Hz, 1 H, H-3), 4.06 (dd, J =
11.5, 5.0 Hz, 1 H, H-5’-eq), 3.29 (dd,
J = 11.9, 9.6 Hz, 1 H, H-5’-ax), 3.03 (d, J
= 9.6 Hz, 1 H, H-13), 2.44 (td, J = 10.1, 5.5 Hz, 1 H, H-17), 2.04 (s, 3 H,
H-Ac), 2.02 (s, 3 H, H-Ac), 2.01 (s, 3 H, H-Ac), 1.98 (s, 3 H, H-Ac), 1.68 (s,
3 H, H-26), 1.60 (s, 3 H, H-27), 1.20 (s, 3 H, H-21), 1.02 (s, 3 H, H-Me), 0.96
(s, 3 H, H-Me), 0.87 (s, 3 H, H-Me), 0.85 (s, 3 H, H-Me), 0.71 (s, 3 H, H-Me). 13C
NMR (CDCl3): 211.8 (C-12), 170.9 (C-Ac), 170.1 (C-Ac), 169.9 (C-Ac),
169.2 (C-Ac), 131.7 (C-25), 124.0 (C-24), 94.9 (C-1’), 82.0, 80.4, 72.2, 71.8, 69.0, 62.1, 56.1, 55.8, 55.4,
54.4, 41.0, 40.5, 39.7, 38.9, 38.3, 37.8, 37.5, 34.3, 31.7, 27.9, 25.7, 23.8,
23.4, 23.3, 21.3, 20.9, 20.7, 18.2, 17.6, 16.7, 16.4, 16.2, 15.5. HRMS: [M+Na]+
C43H66O11Na的计算值为781.4503;
测量值为781.4493。
2.2
24-溴-25-羟基-3-β-O-乙酰基-20(S) -O-
(2,3,4-三-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃木糖基)达玛烷-12-酮(2B) 的合成
将2A(227 mg, 0.30
mmol)溶于四氢呋喃10 mL,加入水1 mL,冰浴下分批加入N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(80 mg, 0.45
mmol),冰浴继续反应1 h。TLC检测反应完毕后,加入乙酸乙酯30 mL稀释反应液,依次用5%硫代硫酸钠溶液,饱和食盐水洗涤,有机层以无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,柱层析分离(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=1/2)得白色固体2B (231 mg, 90%)。
2.3
25-羟基-3β-O-乙酰基-20(S) -O- (2,3,4-三-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃木糖基)达玛烷-12-酮(2C) 的合成
将2B(128 mg, 0.15
mmol)溶于EtOAc 5 mL中加入DIEA
50μL,Pd/C
50 mg, H2置换后室温反应2 h,TLC检测反应完毕后,硅藻土滤除Pd/C,反应液浓缩,柱层析分离(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=1/1)得白色固体2C (110
mg, 94%)
2.4 3β,25-羟基-20(S) -O-β-D-吡喃木糖基达玛烷-12-酮(2D) 的合成
将2C(100 mg, 128
mmol)溶于干燥CH2Cl2(2 mL),加入6 mL CH3OH,加入MeONa调节pH至10,48℃反应约6 h。用适量阳离子树脂调节pH至中性,滤除树脂,浓缩,柱层析分离(CHCl3/CH3OH=15/1)得白色固体2D 68 mg,收率87%。
实施例 3 3β, 25-二羟基-20(S) -O-β-D-吡喃喹喏糖基达玛烷-12-酮
3.1 3-β-O-乙酰基-20(S) -O- (2,3,4-三-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃喹喏糖基)达玛烷-24-烯-12-酮(3A) 的合成
将1C(145 mg, 0.289
mmol) 和2,3,4-三-O-乙酰基喹喏糖三氯亚胺酯(152 mg, 0.350 mmol)溶于干燥CH2Cl2,加入适量4Å 分子筛,氩气保护,室温搅拌30min后将反应体系温度降至-40℃,滴加TMSOTf(5 μL, 0.0289 mmol),-40℃反应约30 min。TLC检测反应完毕后,加入1滴Et3N终止反应,恢复至室温,抽滤出去分子筛,反应液浓缩,柱层析分离(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=1/5)得白色固体(207 mg, 93%)。
化合物(3A)的波谱数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3): 5.12 (t-like, J
= 9.9, 9.4 Hz, 1 H, H-3’), 5.04 (t-like,
J = 7.1, 6.6 Hz, 1 H, H-24), 4.90 (dd, J = 9.9, 8.3 Hz, 1 H, H-2’), 4.80 (t-like, J = 9.9, 9.4 Hz, 1 H, H-4’), 4.58 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1 H, H-1’), 4.46 (dd, J = 11.6, 5.0 Hz, 1 H, H-3), 3.50 (dq, J =
9.9, 6.1 Hz, 1 H, H-5’), 3.01 (d, J =
9.9 Hz, 1 H, H-13), 2.43 (td, J = 9.4, 5.5 Hz, 1 H, H-17), 2.04 (s, 3 H, H-Ac),
2.02 (s, 3 H, H-Ac), 1.98 (s, 3 H, H-Ac), 1.96 (s, 3 H, H-Ac), 1.68 (s, 3 H,
H-26), 1.61 (s, 3 H, H-27), 1.19 (t, J = 6.1 Hz, 3 H, H-6), 1.19 (s, 3 H,
H-21), 1.01 (s, 3 H, H-Me), 0.96 (s, 3 H, H-Me), 0.87 (s, 3 H, H-Me) , 0.86 (s,
3 H, H-Me) , 0.71 (s, 3 H, H-Me). 13C NMR (CDCl3): 211.8
(C-12), 170.9 (C-Ac), 170.3 (C-Ac), 169.7 (C-Ac), 169.1 (C-Ac), 131.7 (C-25),
124.3 (C-24), 94.4 (C-1’), 81.9, 80.4,
73.4, 73.3, 72.4, 69.5, 56.1, 55.8, 55.5, 54.4, 41.2, 40.5, 39.7, 38.7, 38.3,
37.9, 37.5, 34.3, 31.7, 27.9, 25.7, 23.7, 23.6, 23.5, 23.4, 21.2, 20.9, 20.7,
20.6, 18.3, 17.7, 17.6, 16.7, 16.4, 16.2, 15.6. HRMS: [M+Na]+ C44H68O11Na的计算值为795.4659; 测量值为795.4677。
3.2
24-溴-25-羟基-3-β-O-乙酰基-20(S) -O-
(2,3,4-三-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃喹喏糖基)达玛烷-12-酮(2B) 的合成
将3A(200 mg, 0.26
mmol)溶于四氢呋喃10 mL,加入水1 mL,冰浴下分批加入N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(64 mg, 0.36
mmol),冰浴继续反应1 h。TLC检测反应完毕后,加入乙酸乙酯30 mL稀释反应液,依次用5%硫代硫酸钠溶液,饱和食盐水洗涤,有机层以无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,柱层析分离(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=1/2)得白色固体3B (205 mg, 91%)。
3.3
25-羟基-3β-O-乙酰基-20(S) -O- (2,3,4-三-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃喹喏糖基)达玛烷-12-酮(3C) 的合成
将3B(113 mg, 0.13
mmol)溶于EtOAc 5 mL中加入DIEA
50μL,Pd/C
50 mg, H2置换后室温反应2 h,TLC检测反应完毕后,硅藻土滤除Pd/C,反应液浓缩,柱层析分离(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=1/1)得白色固体3C (91
mg, 89%)
3.4 3β, 25-羟基-20(S)-O-β-D-吡喃喹喏糖基达玛烷-12-酮(3D) 的合成
将3C(80 mg, 101mmol)溶于干燥CH2Cl2(2 mL),加入6 mL CH3OH,加入MeONa调节pH至10,48℃反应约6 h。用适量阳离子树脂调节pH至中性,滤除树脂,浓缩,柱层析分离(CHCl3/CH3OH=15/1)得白色固体3D 56 mg,收率89%。
实施例 4 3β, 25-二羟基-20(S) -O-β-D-吡喃喹喏糖基达玛烷-12-酮
将1C(145 mg, 0.289
mmol) 和2,3,4-三-O-乙酰基鼠李糖三氯亚胺酯(148 mg, 0.340 mmol)溶于干燥CH2Cl2,加入适量4Å 分子筛,氩气保护,室温搅拌30min后将反应体系温度降至-40℃,滴加TMSOTf(5 μL, 0.0289 mmol),-40℃反应约30 min。TLC检测反应完毕后,加入1滴Et3N终止反应,恢复至室温,抽滤出去分子筛,反应液浓缩,柱层析分离(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=1/5)得白色固体4A(209
mg, 94%)。
化合物(4A)的波谱数据如下:
1H NMR (CDCl3): 5.24 (dd, J =
10.1, 3.2 Hz, 1 H, H-3’), 5.06 (t-like,
J = 10.1, 9.6 Hz, 1 H, H-4’), 5.04-5.00 (m,
3 H, H-24, H-1’, H-2’),
4.47 (dd, J = 11.5, 5.0 Hz, 1 H, H-3), 4.00-3.96 (m, 1 H, H-5’), 3.02 (d, J = 9.2Hz, 1 H, H-13), 2.53 (td, J = 10.1,
4.1Hz, 1 H, H-17), 2.14 (s, 3 H, H-Ac), 2.06 (s, 3 H, H-Ac), 2.03 (s, 3 H,
H-Ac), 1.99 (s, 3 H, H-Ac), 1.66 (s, 3 H, H-26), 1.60 (s, 3 H, H-27), 1.25 (s,
3 H, H-21),1.17 (d, J = 6.4Hz, 3 H, H-6’),
1.08 (s, 3 H, H-Me), 0.97 (s, 3 H, H-Me), 0.86 (s, 3 H, H-Me), 0.85 (s, 3 H,
H-Me), 0.75 (s, 3 H, H-Me); 13C NMR (CDCl3): 211.2
(C-12), 170.9 (C-Ac), 170.4 (C-Ac), 170.0 (C-Ac), 169.9 (C-Ac), 131.7 (C-24),
124.1 (C-25), 91.6 (C-1’), 82.7, 80.4,
71.3, 71.1, 69.3, 66.6, 55.9, 55.8, 55.8, 54.3, 40.9, 40.4, 39.7, 39.5, 38.3,
37.9, 37.5, 34.1, 32.1, 27.9, 25.7, 24.0, 23.8, 23.5, 21.9, 21.3, 21.0, 20.9,
20.7, 18.3, 17.7, 17.4, 16.6, 16.4, 16.2, 15.4; HRMS: [M+Na]+ C44H68O11Na的计算值为 795.4659; 测量值为795.4658。
将4A(200 mg, 0.26
mmol)溶于四氢呋喃10 mL,加入水1 mL,冰浴下分批加入N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(80 mg, 0.45
mmol),冰浴继续反应1 h。TLC检测反应完毕后,加入乙酸乙酯30 mL稀释反应液,依次用5%硫代硫酸钠溶液,饱和食盐水洗涤,有机层以无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,柱层析分离(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=1/2)得白色固体4B (210 mg, 93%)。
将4B(150 mg, 0.17
mmol)溶于EtOAc 5 mL中加入DIEA
50μL,Pd/C 50
mg, H2置换后室温反应2 h,TLC检测反应完毕后,硅藻土滤除Pd/C,反应液浓缩,柱层析分离(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=1/1)得白色固体4C (122
mg, 90%)
将4C(100 mg,
126mmol)溶于干燥CH2Cl2(2 mL),加入6 mL CH3OH,加入MeONa调节pH至10,48℃反应约6 h。用适量阳离子树脂调节pH至中性,滤除树脂,浓缩,柱层析分离(CHCl3/CH3OH=15/1)得白色固体4D 69 mg,收率87%。
实施例 5 3β, 25-二羟基-20(S) -O-β-D-吡喃喹喏糖基达玛烷-12-酮
3-β-O-乙酰基-20(S)
-O-[ 4’-(2’’, 3’’, 4’’, 6’’-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃半乳糖基)-2’, 3’, 6’-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基]达玛烷-24-烯-12-酮(5A) 的合成
将1C(145 mg, 0.289
mmol) 和全乙酰基乳糖三氯亚胺酯(273 mg, 0.350 mmol)溶于干燥CH2Cl2,加入适量4Å 分子筛,氩气保护,室温搅拌30min后将反应体系温度降至-40℃,滴加TMSOTf(5 μL, 0.0289 mmol),-40℃反应约30 min。TLC检测反应完毕后,加入1滴Et3N终止反应,恢复至室温,抽滤出去分子筛,反应液浓缩,柱层析分离(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=1/5)得白色固体5A(278
mg, 86%)。
化合物(5A)的波谱数据如下:
1H NMR: δ(CDCl3)=
5.33(d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H, H-4’’), 5.16(t-like,
J=9.4, 9.3 Hz, 1H, H-3’), 5.09(dd,
J=10.4, 8.2 Hz, 1H, H-2’’), 5.03(t, J=
6.6 Hz, 1H, H-24), 4.95(dd, J=10.5, 3.3 Hz, 1H, H-3’’), 4.85(t-like, J=9.4, 8.3 Hz, 1H, H-2’), 4.56(d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H, H-1’), 4.44(m, 2H, H-3, H-1’’),
4.37(d, J=9.4 Hz, 1H, H-4’), 3.58(t-like,
J=9.4, 7.7 Hz, 1H, H-5’), 2.97(d, J=9.4
Hz, 1H, H-13), 2.46-2.43(m, 1H, H-17), 2.14(s, 3H, H-Ac), 2.06(s, 6H, H-Ac,
H-Ac), 2.04(s, 3H, H-Ac), 2.03(s, 3H, H-Ac), 2.01(s, 3H, H-Ac), 1.97(s, 3H,
H-Ac), 1.95(s, 3H, H-Ac), 1.61(s, 3H, H-26), 1.56(s, 3H, H-27), 1.16(s, 3H,
H-21), 1.01(s, 3H, H-Me), 0.95(s, 3H, H-Me), 0.86(s, 3H, H-Me), 0.85(s, 3H,
H-Me), 0.71(s, 3H, H-Me). 13C NMR: δ(CDCl3)=
211.6(C-12), 170.9(C-Ac), 170.5(C-Ac), 170.4(C-Ac), 170.2(C-Ac), 170.1(C-Ac),
169.8(C-Ac), 169.4(C-Ac), 169.1(C-Ac), 131.6(C-25), 124.3(C-24), 101.1(C-1’’), 94.4(C-1’),
82.1, 80.4, 73.2, 72.5, 72.2, 70.9, 70.7, 69.1, 66.7, 62.6, 60.9, 56.1, 55.8,
55.5, 54.4, 40.9, 40.5, 39.7, 38.9, 38.3, 37.8, 37.5, 34.3, 31.6, 27.9, 25.6,
23.7, 23.5, 23.4, 23.2, 21.2, 20.8, 20.7, 20.6, 20.5, 18.2, 17.6, 16.7, 16.4,
16.2, 15.6. MS:[M+Na]+ C58H86O21Na的计算值为1141.5559; 测量值为1141.5516。
24-溴-25-羟基-3-β-O-乙酰基-20(S) -O- [ 4’-(2’’, 3’’, 4’’, 6’’-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃半乳糖基)-2’, 3’, 6’-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基]达玛烷-12-酮(4B) 的合成
将5A(250 mg, 0.22
mmol)溶于四氢呋喃10 mL,加入水1 mL,冰浴下分批加入N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(80 mg, 0.45
mmol),冰浴继续反应1 h。TLC检测反应完毕后,加入乙酸乙酯30 mL稀释反应液,依次用5%硫代硫酸钠溶液,饱和食盐水洗涤,有机层以无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,柱层析分离(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=1/2)得白色固体5B (244 mg, 90%)。
25-羟基-3β-O-乙酰基-20(S) -O-[ 4’-(2’’, 3’’, 4’’, 6’’-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃半乳糖基)-2’, 3’, 6’-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基]达玛烷-12-酮(5C) 的合成
将5B(200 mg, 0.16
mmol)溶于EtOAc 5 mL中加入DIEA
50μL,Pd/C
50 mg, H2置换后室温反应2 h,TLC检测反应完毕后,硅藻土滤除Pd/C,反应液浓缩,柱层析分离(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=1/1)得白色固体5C (173
mg, 91%)
将5C(100 mg, 88mmol)溶于干燥CH2Cl2(2 mL),加入6 mL CH3OH,加入MeONa调节pH至10,48℃反应约6 h。用适量阳离子树脂调节pH至中性,滤除树脂,浓缩,柱层析分离(CHCl3/CH3OH=15/1)得白色固体5D 61 mg,收率87%。
实施例 6 :所合成的达玛烷糖苷1H、2D、3D、4D和5D对小鼠血糖的影响试验
正常雄性ICR小鼠(体重:21-23g,合格证号:SCXK(沪)2008-001605785,上海西普尔-必凯实验动物有限公司提供),按照体重随机分组,设阴性对照组、受试样品组(实施例1~5中制得的1H、2D、3D、4D或5D,50mg/kg)、二甲双胍组(200 mg/kg),各组一次性灌胃给药30min后眼眶取血测0h血糖值,灌服葡萄糖2.0g/kg,随后于0.5h、1h、2h分别眼眶取血测血糖,计算血糖曲线下面积,试验结果表明,本发明所制备的新型达玛烷糖苷能显著减小正常小鼠灌服葡萄糖后血糖曲线下面积,提高小鼠的糖耐量(p<0.01),其对小鼠血糖的降低作用与二甲双胍相当。试验结果如表1所示。
表1 小鼠糖耐量实验筛选结果 (均数±Sd, n=3~5)
注:与对照组比较,P<0.01。
因此,本发明的新型达玛烷糖苷可用于制备糖尿病治疗用药物,特别是II型糖尿病治疗用药物。
实验结果表明,本发明所述的达玛烷糖苷对糖尿病,尤其是对II型糖尿病有良好的治疗效果,其疗效优于二甲双胍;所述的达玛烷糖苷可用于制备治疗糖尿病的任何药用及保健品剂型,所述的糖尿病为II型糖尿病。
Claims (13)
2.按权利要求1所述的达玛烷糖苷,其特征在于,其中所述的R1为氢。
3.按权利要求1所述的达玛烷糖苷,其特征在于,其中所述的R2为葡萄糖基、木糖基、喹喏糖基、鼠李糖基或乳糖基。
4.权利要求1的达玛烷糖苷的制备方法,其特征在于,其包括步骤:
(1)选择性保护20(S)或20(R)-原人参二醇,得到式(Ⅱ)的二取代的20(S)或20(R)-原人参二醇,
(Ⅱ)
式中,
R为C1-C20的脂肪酰基、芳香酰基、取代芳香酰基或杂芳酰基;
含保护基团反应物为酸酐、活性酯、酰氯;
反应中,20(S)或20(R)-原人参二醇与含保护基团反应物的摩尔比为1:2.5-1:7.0,反应温度为0-80℃,反应时间为1.0-12小时,有机溶剂为二氯甲烷、氯仿、二氯乙烷、吡啶、三乙胺或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中一种或一种以上的混合物,催化剂为二甲氨基吡啶、三乙胺、吡啶、二异丙基乙胺或N,N,N,N-四甲基乙二胺;
用柱层析或重结晶纯化化合物;
(2)选择性脱除二取代的20(S)或20(R)-原人参二醇12位保护基,得到式(Ⅲ)的3位取代的20(S)或20(R)-原人参二醇,
(Ⅲ)
将二取代的20(S)或20(R)-原人参二醇和一价碱金属化合物在极性溶剂中进行脱保护基反应生成3位取代的20(S)或20(R)-原人参二醇,
其中,二取代的20(S)或20(R)-原人参二醇和一价碱金属化合物的摩尔比为1:0.01-0.6,反应温度为0-25℃,反应时间为0.5-3小时,所生成的化合物不经纯化直接投入下一步或经柱层析纯化;
(3)3位取代的20(S)或20(R)-原人参二醇发生氧化反应,得到式(Ⅳ)的3位取代的20(S)或20(R)-原人参二醇的12位氧化产物(3位取代的20(S)或20(R), 3β-二羟基达玛烷-24-烯-12-酮),
(Ⅳ)
3位取代20(S)或20(R)-原人参二醇与氧化剂在有机溶剂中发生氧化反应,得到3位取代的20(S)或20(R), 3β-二羟基达玛烷-24-烯-12-酮;其中,氧化剂为重铬酸二吡啶盐、吡啶铬酐、重铬酸钾、重铬酸钠、Dess-Martin氧化剂或三氧化铬,有机溶剂为二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、吡啶、二氯乙烷中一种或一种以上的混合物;3位取代20(S)或20(R)-原人参二醇与氧化剂的摩尔比为1:1.0-10,反应温度为25-60℃,反应时间为0.5-3小时,化合物用柱层析或重结晶纯化;
(4)3位取代的20(S)或20(R),
3β-二羟基达玛烷-24-烯-12-酮与糖基供体在催化剂作用下反应,得到式(Ⅴ)的糖苷,
(Ⅴ)
3位取代的20(S)或20(R),
3β-二羟基达玛烷-24-烯-12-酮、糖基供体、路易斯酸催化剂和分子筛在惰性气体保护下,在有机溶剂中进行糖苷化反应,
其中,3位取代的20(S)或20(R), 3β-二羟基达玛烷-24-烯-12-酮、糖基供体和路易斯酸催化剂的摩尔比为1:1.0-5.0:0.01-0.5,3位取代的20(S)或20(R), 3β-二羟基达玛烷-24-烯-12-酮和分子筛的质量比为1:0.1-7.0,反应温度为-40-0℃,反应结束时加入淬灭剂淬灭反应,所述的化合物用柱层析或重结晶纯化;
(5)将步骤(4)中纯化后的糖苷产物在不同的条件下反应,得到式(Ⅵ)的25-羟基化合物,
(Ⅵ)
①步骤(4)中,纯化后的糖苷产物溶于极性溶剂和水的混合溶剂中,在酸催化作用下水解,得25-羟基化合物;
其中,酸为硫酸、盐酸、磷酸、高氯酸或三氟乙酸或酸性树脂、酸吸附的硅胶,糖苷产物与酸的比例为1:0.01-10,反应温度为-40-80℃;
②步骤(4)中,纯化后的糖苷产物在水和汞盐的作用下得到式(Ⅶ)的羟汞化产物,经还原脱汞得到25-羟基化合物;其中,汞盐为乙酸汞,还原剂为NaBH4或NaBH3CN;
(Ⅶ)
③步骤(4)中纯化后的糖苷产物在氧化剂作用下得到式(Ⅷ)的环氧化合物,经还原开环得到25-羟基化合物;其中,氧化剂为间氯过氧苯甲酸或双氧水,还原剂为LiAlH4或红铝、或NaBH4或NaBH3CN,或SmI2或N2H4;还原条件可为催化氢化,其中,催化剂为Pd-C,PdOH,钯黑或氧化铂,供氢源为氢气、甲酸或甲酰胺;
(Ⅷ)
④步骤(4)中纯化后的糖苷产物在卤化剂和水作用下得到式(Ⅸ)的24-卤代-25-羟基化合物,经还原脱卤得到25-羟基化合物;其中,卤化剂为N-碘代丁二酰亚胺、N-溴代丁二酰亚胺或N-氯代丁二酰亚胺,反应溶剂为四氢呋喃或丙酮,脱卤反应条件为催化氢化、二价铬还原法、金属氢化物法或金属还原,其中催化氢化催化剂为Pd-C,PdOH,钯黑或氧化铂,供氢源为氢气、甲酸或甲酰胺,二价铬试剂为Cr(ClO4)2,金属氢化物为LiAlH4、NaBH4、NaBH3CN、Et3SiH或Bu3SnH,金属还原剂为Zn/HOAc、Ni-Al/NaOH、Na/t-BuOH、Li/THF/t-BuOH或Mg/t-BuOH;
(Ⅸ)
所得的25-羟基化合物经柱层析和重结晶纯化;
(6)步骤(5)所得25-羟基化合物和一价碱金属化合物在极性溶剂中进行脱保护基反应,得到式(Ⅹ)的3-取代的20(S)或20(R), 3β,24-三羟基达玛烷-12-酮-12-糖基化衍生物;其中,步骤(5)中纯化后的产物和一价碱金属化合物的摩尔比为1:0.01-1.0,反应温度为0-25℃,反应时间为0.5-3小时,生成的化合物经柱层析纯化或重结晶纯化;
(Ⅹ)
(7)将步骤(5)或(6)中纯化后的产物和一价碱金属化合物在极性溶剂中进行脱保护基反应生成20(S)或20(R)-O-糖基达玛烷-3,25-二醇-12-酮;其中,步骤(5)或(6)中纯化后的产物和一价碱金属化合物的摩尔比为1:1-10,反应温度为25-100℃,反应时间为1-24小时,生成的化合物经柱层析纯化;
所述的糖基供体选自单糖或寡糖的三氯乙酰亚胺酯、乙硫苷、苯硫苷、对甲苯硫苷或卤代单糖或寡糖,其保护基为C2-C6的脂肪酰基或芳香酰基;
所述的路易斯酸催化剂选自C3-C9的N-卤代酰胺、C1-C6的氟代烃基磺酸、C2-C8的硅基氟代烃基磺酸酯、C1-C6的氟代烃基磺酸银、三氟化硼-乙醚络合物或三氟化硼-乙醚混合物。
5.按权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的糖苷化反应中的有机溶剂选自C1-C4的氯代烷烃、甲苯或乙醚。
6.按权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的淬灭剂选自三甲胺、三乙胺或硫代硫酸钠。
7.按权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的分子筛为3
Å -5 Å型硅铝酸盐分子筛。
8.按权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的柱层析纯化中洗脱用溶剂选自石油醚、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、三氯甲烷、甲醇、正己烷或环己烷中一种或多种的混合物。
9.按权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的一价碱金属化合物选自氢氧化钠、甲醇钠、乙醇钠、氢氧化钾或氢氧化锂。
10.按权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的脱保护基反应中极性溶剂选自四氢呋喃、甲醇、乙醇、二氯甲烷、水中的一种或多种的混合物。
11.按权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的重结晶纯化中的溶剂选自三氯甲烷、C1-C4的烷基醇、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、正己烷、石油醚、环己烷、二氯甲烷、水中一种或多种的混合物。
12.上述任一权利要求所述的达玛烷糖苷在制备治疗糖尿病药物中的用途。
13.按权利要求12所述的用途,其特征在于,所述的糖尿病为II型糖尿病。
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