CN102751962A - Broadband active matching method and matching circuit for electronically small receiving antenna based on negative impedance conversion - Google Patents
Broadband active matching method and matching circuit for electronically small receiving antenna based on negative impedance conversion Download PDFInfo
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- CN102751962A CN102751962A CN2012102414765A CN201210241476A CN102751962A CN 102751962 A CN102751962 A CN 102751962A CN 2012102414765 A CN2012102414765 A CN 2012102414765A CN 201210241476 A CN201210241476 A CN 201210241476A CN 102751962 A CN102751962 A CN 102751962A
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Abstract
The invention provides broadband active matching method and matching circuit for an electronically small receiving antenna based on negative impedance conversion. An amplifier which is directly connected with a capacitive electronically small antennae is introduced into a negative impedance conversion so as to enable the amplifier to become a negative impedance conversion amplifier, and the negative impedance conversion obtains a negative capacitance on the input end of the amplifier; when an absolute value of the negative capacitance is greater than the input capacitance of the amplifier, the input end of the amplifier obtains equivalent negative capacitance, the equivalent positive capacitance (input by the electronically small antenna) of an electric reactor is counteracted by the negative electricity capacitance, and the input end of an active electric network is provided with an equivalent negative capacitor According to the method and the circuit, the active receiving antenna has a broadband character and has similar gain and similar signal-to-noise performance with an enhancement mode Non-Foster (negative impedance) matching method, but a circuit is relatively simple; and the combination property is good, the amplification and the negative impedance conversion can be realized in the same circuit, and only a positive feedback capacitor is added compared with the classical active receiving antenna.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of wide-band matching method of electronically small antenna, and what the present invention also relates to is a kind of broadband matching circuit of electronically small antenna.
Background technology
Miniaturization along with radiotechnics equipment; Small space is to the requirement of antenna size; And the broadband of communication equipment, more and more for the demand of broadband miniature antenna, this makes broadband, miniature antenna become one of hot subject of domestic and international research.In order to realize the miniaturization of antenna, electronically small antenna is widely used, but electronically small antenna has the shortcoming that input reactance is big, radiation resistance is little, makes the electronically small antenna of passive coupling receive the theoretical restriction of gain bandwidth, can't realize broadband and high efficiency.Classical Active Receiving Antenna; Be to adopt the amplifier circuit of high input impedance really to connect to link to each other to constitute an integral body, realized the broadband of electronically small antenna, but this type of Active Receiving Antenna be owing to the influence that receives the inevitable input capacitance of amplifier circuit with capacitive passive electrical miniature antenna; Can't realize high-gain; The gain that can only improve active antenna through the multiplication factor that increases amplifier, this can make the non-linear behaviour of active antenna worsen, and the output signal-to-noise ratio of this type of active antenna is lower.
The electronically small antenna of negative impedance coupling can overcome the influence of offsetting the inevitable input capacitance of amplifier circuit, is one of focus of domestic and international Recent study broadband electronically small antenna coupling, but improves gain and improve the difficult point that signal to noise ratio is research always.Document " Li Wenxing. be designed with a kind of new method [J] of source antenna. electronic letters, vol, 1993,21 (7): 110-113. " propose a kind of negative capacitance of utilizing negative impedance converter to obtain and offset the input capacitance of active antenna amplifier; Document " Sussman-Fort; S.E; Rudish R.M., Non-Foster Impedance Matching of Electrically-Small [J] .IEEE Transacations on Antennas and Propagation, 2009; 57 (8): 2230-2241. " has been introduced a kind of negative impedance of utilizing floating ground negative impedance converter to obtain and has been offset the input reactance of electronically small antenna, and raising that all can only be limited gains and improves signal to noise ratio.Document " Sussman-Fort; S.E. " Non-Foster vs.active matching of an electrically-small receive antenna " Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (APSURSI), pp1 – 4,2010 "; A kind of enhancement mode Non-Foster (negative impedance) matching process has been proposed; Can well improve gain and improve signal to noise ratio, compare the improvement of the nearly 5dB of output signal-to-noise ratio with classical Active Receiving Antenna; The method is between the electric little reception antenna of classical Active Receiving Antenna and amplifier circuit, to insert floating ground negative impedance converter to realize; And the floating ground negative impedance converter that inserts makes circuit structure complicated, the non-linear behaviour variation.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of miniaturization, broadband that not only can realize antenna, the gain that can also improve electronically small antenna improves the active matching process in electric little reception antenna broadband based on the negative impedance conversion of the signal to noise ratio of electronically small antenna.The present invention also aims to provide a kind of active match circuit in electric little reception antenna broadband based on the negative impedance conversion.
The objective of the invention is to realize like this:
The active matching process in electric little reception antenna broadband based on the negative impedance conversion of the present invention is: will with amplifier that the capacitive electronically small antenna directly is connected in introduce the negative impedance conversion; Make it to become negative impedance conversion amplifier; Said negative impedance conversion obtains negative capacitance in amplifier input terminal; When the absolute value of negative capacitance during greater than the input capacitance of amplifier; Obtain equivalent negative capacitance in amplifier input terminal, the said negative capacitance of the positive electric capacity of the equivalence of electronically small antenna input reactance is offset, and making the active network input is equivalent negative electric capacity.
The active match circuit in electric little reception antenna broadband based on the negative impedance conversion comprises operational amplifier U1, capacitance C
1Be connected in the in-phase input end 3 of passive antenna and operational amplifier U1, C
2Be active network output capacitance, first resistance R
OConcatenation operation amplifier U1 output 6 and low pass filter U2 input, second resistance R
FConcatenation operation amplifier U1 output 6 and end of oppisite phase 2, the three resistance R
GBetween concatenation operation amplifier U1 end of oppisite phase 2 and the ground, low pass filter U2 connects first resistance R
OWith source network output capacitance C
2
The present invention has provided a kind of active matching process in electric little reception antenna broadband and circuit based on the negative impedance converter technique; The Active Receiving Antenna that realizes not only has broadband character, and has similar gain, signal-to-noise performance with enhancement mode Non-Foster (negative impedance) matching process, but circuit is simpler; Good combination property; Amplification and negative impedance conversion realize in a circuit, compare with classical Active Receiving Antenna, only increase a positive feedback electric capacity.
The present invention will with amplifier that the capacitive electronically small antenna directly is connected in introduce the negative impedance conversion; Make it to become negative impedance conversion amplifier; The effect of negative impedance conversion is to obtain negative capacitance in amplifier input terminal; When the absolute value of negative capacitance during, can obtain the negative capacitance of equivalence in amplifier input terminal greater than the input capacitance of amplifier.Because the electronically small antenna input reactance is capacitive reactance; Can equivalence be positive electric capacity, offset that making the active network input is equivalent negative electric capacity with the equivalent negative electric capacity of active network input; Realize Broadband Matching; And the source signal that the signal ratio antenna that makes the active network input receives is big, and active network has equivalent input gain, can effectively improve antenna gain and change beneficial signal to noise ratio.
Negative impedance converter among the present invention is characterised in that can realize positive capacitance characteristic conversion in broadband, negative impedance converter is in amplifier circuit, to introduce the positive feedback element to realize, obtains required negative impedance through resonance-amplifier multiplication factor and positive feedback relation.The amplifier circuit that the present invention relates to; Can adopt such as input stage is the operation amplifier circuit of field-effect transistor, the realizations such as amplifying circuit that discrete transistor constitutes, and can obtain the active network circuit realization of equivalent negative electric capacity at the input of active network through the negative impedance conversion.
The present invention compares with prior art, has significant advantage:
1, owing to introduced the negative impedance conversion; Input at active network obtains equivalent negative electric capacity, and with capacitive electronically small antenna coupling, the bandwidth of the active antenna of formation and electronically small antenna are irrelevant; The bandwidth that only depends on active network can realize the broadband of electronically small antenna.
2, the equivalence of the input of active network is a negative capacitance; Energy can be provided; With capacitive electronically small antenna coupling, make the signal of active network input want the source signal of ratio antenna reception to want big, promptly have the input gain of source network; The middle amplifier gain of active network in addition can access higher active antenna gain.
3, the equivalence of the input of active network is a negative capacitance, with capacitive electronically small antenna coupling, has the input gain of source network, and Active Receiving Antenna output signal-to-noise ratio of the present invention is obviously improved, and obtains higher sensitivity.
4, the negative impedance conversion realizes in same active network with amplifying circuit, and it is simple to have a circuit, the characteristics of good combination property.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram that the present invention adopts the operational amplifier embodiment;
Fig. 3 is the equivalent input gain measurement result of operational amplifier embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, mating single whip electronically small antenna with negative impedance is instance, the present invention is done in more detail describe:
The electronically small antenna of negative impedance coupling, when design negative impedance active circuit, relevant with the input impedance of electronically small antenna, the input impedance of single whip electronically small antenna is following:
The input resistance of single whip antenna is:
The input reactance of single whip antenna is:
H is the height of antenna in the formula, and λ is a free space wavelength, and a is the radius of single whip antenna.The input resistance of electronically small antenna can be ignored the resistance of single whip electronically small antenna for easy analysis much smaller than input reactance, and capacitor equivalent is a constant in broadband.
The equivalent electric circuit of negative impedance coupling capacitive electronically small antenna is as shown in Figure 1, and E is the field intensity of antenna loca among the figure, h
EffBe effective depth, A
VBe Amplifier Gain, the input capacitance of active network is C
i, introduce the positive feedback capacitor C at amplifier
N, carry out the negative impedance conversion, V
sThe voltage that antenna receives, V
iBe the voltage of active network input, can get the gain of active network equivalence input voltage and be:
Definition C
N'=(1-A
V) C
NBe C
NEquivalence is at the negative capacitance of active network input, C=C after the negative impedance conversion
i+ (1-A
V) C
NFor the active network equivalent input capacitance, obvious, adjustment A
VAnd C
N, can make active network equivalent input capacitance C＜0.When C＜0, can get V by formula (3)
i＞V
sThe source signal that the signal ratio antenna reception of active network input is described will be greatly; Have the input gain of source network, can effectively improve the gain of antenna, and can know by Sussman-Fort enhancement mode Non-Foster (negative impedance) matching process; The existence of active network input gain can improve the signal to noise ratio of antenna.
The essence of negative impedance converter is a kind of regenerative circuit, and there is potential destabilizing factor in the electronically small antenna for the negative impedance coupling, in practical application, must satisfy the steady operation condition.
Know that by formula (3) condition of this negative impedance converter steady operation is C
a+ C
i+ (1-A
V) C
N≠ 0, and the condition A of combination negative impedance conversion
V＞1, A
VSelection must satisfy A
V＞1 and C
a+ C
i+ (1-A
V) C
N＞0, promptly
1＜A
V＜1+(C
a+C
i)/C
N (4)
But for making this antenna be operated in V
i＞V
sState, requirement-C
a＜C＜0 can get
1+C
i/C
N＜A
V＜1+(C
a+C
i)/C
N (5)
That is to say active antenna in desired operating frequency range, A
VSelection must satisfy formula (4) or (5), band is outer to be satisfied
A
V＜1+(C
a+C
i)/C
N (6)
To prevent self-excitation.
Formula (5) and (6) are exactly when designing the Active Receiving Antenna of this kind negative impedance coupling, A
VThe condition that must satisfy.
Fig. 2 is according to principle of the present invention, realizes the exemplary embodiment of single whip electronically small antenna that negative impedance is mated, C with operational amplifier U1
1Be connected in the in-phase input end 3 of passive antenna and operational amplifier U1, C as capacitance
2Be active network output capacitance, R
OConnect U1 output 6 and U2 input, R
FConnect U1 output 6 and end of oppisite phase 2, R
GConnect between U1 end of oppisite phase 2 and the ground.U2 connects build-out resistor R
OWith C
2, the voltage amplification factor A of active network
V=1+R
F/ R
G, Active Receiving Antenna band live presses gain to be:
Aerial voltage gain V
aDepend on feedback capacity C
N, regulate C
NCan change the equivalent input capacitance C of active network, change the gain and the signal to noise ratio of antenna simultaneously.It should be noted that C
NAdjusting must satisfy the steady operation condition.The equivalent input voltage gain V of active network
i/ V
sTest result is as shown in Figure 3, and ought select the equivalent capacity of single whip electronically small antenna for use among Fig. 2 is C
aDuring=15pF, can find out along with the active network equivalent input capacitance from Fig. 3 | the increase of C| levels off to C more
a=15pF, the equivalent input voltage gain V of active network
i/ V
SAlso obviously increase, it is good more that the signal to noise ratio of antenna is improved, like C=-13.3pF, and nearly 9 times of equivalent input gain, but compare during with C=-10.4pF, it is violent many that the voltage gain curvilinear motion is wanted, and antenna stabilization property variation is described, promptly | C| also can not be unconfined near C
a
Claims (2)
1. active matching process in electric little reception antenna broadband based on the negative impedance conversion; It is characterized in that: will with amplifier that the capacitive electronically small antenna directly is connected in introduce the negative impedance conversion; Make it to become negative impedance conversion amplifier; Said negative impedance conversion obtains negative capacitance in amplifier input terminal, when the absolute value of negative capacitance during greater than the input capacitance of amplifier, obtains the negative capacitance of equivalence in amplifier input terminal; The said negative capacitance of the positive electric capacity of the equivalence of electronically small antenna input reactance is offset, and making the active network input is equivalent negative electric capacity.
2. the active match circuit in electric little reception antenna broadband based on the negative impedance conversion is characterized in that: comprise operational amplifier (U1), capacitance (C
1) be connected in the in-phase input end (3) of passive antenna and operational amplifier (U1), the first resistance (R
O) concatenation operation amplifier (U1) output (6) and low pass filter (U2) input, the second resistance (R
F) concatenation operation amplifier (U1) output (6) and end of oppisite phase (2), the 3rd resistance (R
G) between concatenation operation amplifier (U1) end of oppisite phase (2) and the ground, low pass filter (U2) connects the first resistance (R
O) and source network output capacitance (C
2).
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Cited By (9)
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| CN103780224A (en) * | 2014-01-07 | 2014-05-07 | 浙江大学 | Method using non Forster circuit high frequency response to carry out broadband impedance matching |
| CN104202007A (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2014-12-10 | 西安电子科技大学 | Active broadband matching method of short-wave frequency-band electrically small antenna and matching circuit thereof |
| CN104868874A (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2015-08-26 | 华南理工大学 | Minus 1/2 order RL fractance circuit and design method thereof |
| CN105811110A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-07-27 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | Matching circuit system and impedance matching method |
| CN107465398A (en) * | 2017-03-02 | 2017-12-12 | 浙江大学 | A kind of series connection dual-port negative impedance converter for signal envelope distortion compensation |
| CN108666770A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-10-16 | 浙江大学 | A kind of compensation method with operational amplifier to electronically small antenna |
| CN109450471A (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2019-03-08 | 上海兆芯集成电路有限公司 | Acceptor circuit and the method for increasing bandwidth |
| CN115333650A (en) * | 2022-08-05 | 2022-11-11 | 中国科学院国家天文台 | Broadband frequency spectrum detection system using high-resistance receiver |
| CN115864000A (en) * | 2023-03-02 | 2023-03-28 | 武汉大学 | Kilo-frequency-range monopole low-frequency small-power low-noise high-sensitivity active antenna |
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Cited By (13)
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| CN103780224B (en) * | 2014-01-07 | 2017-06-06 | 浙江大学 | Wideband impedance match method is carried out using the higher frequency response of non-foster circuit |
| CN103780224A (en) * | 2014-01-07 | 2014-05-07 | 浙江大学 | Method using non Forster circuit high frequency response to carry out broadband impedance matching |
| CN104202007A (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2014-12-10 | 西安电子科技大学 | Active broadband matching method of short-wave frequency-band electrically small antenna and matching circuit thereof |
| CN104868874A (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2015-08-26 | 华南理工大学 | Minus 1/2 order RL fractance circuit and design method thereof |
| CN105811110B (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2019-07-26 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | A kind of match circuit system and impedance matching methods |
| CN105811110A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-07-27 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | Matching circuit system and impedance matching method |
| CN107465398B (en) * | 2017-03-02 | 2020-07-10 | 浙江大学 | Series-connection dual-port negative impedance converter for signal envelope distortion compensation |
| CN107465398A (en) * | 2017-03-02 | 2017-12-12 | 浙江大学 | A kind of series connection dual-port negative impedance converter for signal envelope distortion compensation |
| CN108666770A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-10-16 | 浙江大学 | A kind of compensation method with operational amplifier to electronically small antenna |
| CN109450471A (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2019-03-08 | 上海兆芯集成电路有限公司 | Acceptor circuit and the method for increasing bandwidth |
| US10979256B2 (en) | 2018-10-15 | 2021-04-13 | Shanghai Zhaoxin Semiconductor Co., Ltd. | Receiving circuits and methods for increasing bandwidth |
| CN115333650A (en) * | 2022-08-05 | 2022-11-11 | 中国科学院国家天文台 | Broadband frequency spectrum detection system using high-resistance receiver |
| CN115864000A (en) * | 2023-03-02 | 2023-03-28 | 武汉大学 | Kilo-frequency-range monopole low-frequency small-power low-noise high-sensitivity active antenna |
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Application publication date: 20121024 |