A kind of high-effect compound plant source pesticide
Technical field
The invention belongs to the plant pest management technology, particularly a kind of high-effect compound plant source pesticide.
Background technology
It is unique and very abundant that Ningxia and western arid area Sophora alopecuroide, OX-heart are pounced on plant resources such as son, and the alkaloid in the Sophora alopecuroide is utilized in field of medicaments and has obtained many breakthroughs in recent years, Development and Production a large amount of people's medications.
OX-heart Piao Zi mainly is distributed in half-desert area, desert, northwest, and the alkaloid that its plant is rich in has toxic action to aphid, cabbage caterpillar, diamond-back moth, is a kind of very desirable botanical pesticide resource.
The Thymus plant China be called Mongollian Thyme Herb, Chinese prickly ash, Chinese pepper, lindera glauca, thyme etc., originate in the Northwest, in mountain area, Ningxia south bigger distribution is arranged.The thyme blade can combine the cooking of various meat, fish and shellfish, makes tea can help to reach aid digestion, elimination ventosity and relieve the effect of alcohol, and adds honey in the preserved material and can control paroxysmal spasmodic cough, catches a cold and have a sore throat.Bathing also has the effect of the nerve of releiving and calm, and refining essential oil has bactericidal action, and can add the freckle cream making, and tool is eliminated freckle, repairing aging skin, also can make the material of perfumed soap and mouthwash.
Dalmatian chrysanthemum is a kind of perennial herb feverfew; Be the present pesticide plant of unique extensive intensive cropping in the world, be a kind of free from environmental pollution, harmless to the person poultry safety, rapidly kill pests and being difficult for develop immunity to drugs, the efficient natural insecticide of noresidue.Natural chrysanthemum ester oil with its extraction is the primary raw material of producing high-efficiency low-toxicity harmless boilogical agricultural chemicals and hygienic insecticide.
The main insecticidal constituent of trifoliate jewelvine is rotenone (Rotenone), and to the person poultry safety, it comes kill pests through the biochemical pathway that suppresses between the interior DPNH of insect bodies, dehydrase (NAD+ DPN) and the ubiquinone to the insect height is malicious, so insect is difficult for the generation resistance.
Azalea pontica has the 3 kinds of material that activity is higher: Chinese azalea extract-III (being called for short R-III), Kalmanol and Grayanotoxin-III in (claiming Rhododendron molle again), be main insecticidal active ingredient with R-III wherein.R-III belongs to tetracyclic triterpenoid, and is different at flower, tender leaf, root, the stem different parts content of Azalea pontica, with content the highest (0.20%) in spending.Rhodojaponin insect is had tag, stomach toxicity and fumigation action.But, can be used for preventing and treating insects such as leafhopper, rice fulgorid, thrips, aphid, aulacophora femoralis, mirid pentatomid, cutworm with Azalea pontica processing and fabricating Azalea pontica pulvis and Azalea pontica aqua two plant species agricultural chemicals.
Chinese patent " Nuisanceless high-efficient vegetal pesticide " (CN101036475); A kind of composite plant insecticidal formulation is disclosed; It is main that active ingredient is given birth to alkali with hardship, is equipped with OX-heart and pounces on seed extract, nicotine and practice hard fruit, bitter dried orange peel, pyrethrum flowers, the tuber of stemona and thymic extract.
But still there are problems such as the drug effect universal is not enough, the duration is not long, extraction efficiency is low in above-mentioned composite plant insecticide.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the prior art defective, a kind of broad-spectrum, high-effect compound plant source pesticide are provided.
The object of the invention is realized according to following technical proposals:
A kind of high-efficiency plant source composite pesticide; The aqueous emulsion of forming by effective ingredients in plant extract and auxiliary agent; The effective ingredients in plant extract is that Sophora alopecuroide, OX-heart are pounced on the extract that son, tobacco leaf, trifoliate jewelvine, Azalea pontica, Dalmatian chrysanthemum and thyme adopt microwave assisted extraction method to obtain in different extraction solvents, and adjuvant used is white sugar, turpentine oil and emulsifier;
The extraction solvent that above-mentioned Sophora alopecuroide, OX-heart are pounced on son, tobacco leaf employing is an ethanol, and the Microwave Extraction condition is: normal temperature, weight solid-to-liquid ratio 1: 20, microwave power 1500W, frequency: 2450Hz, time 10-20min, extract solid weight water content 5-10%;
The extraction solvent that above-mentioned trifoliate jewelvine, Azalea pontica, Dalmatian chrysanthemum and thyme adopt is 2: 1 mixed solvents of n-hexane-ethanol, and the Microwave Extraction condition is: normal temperature, weight solid-to-liquid ratio 1: 30; Microwave power 1000W; Frequency: 2450Hz, time 10-20min, extract solid weight water content 5-10%;
The preparation method of above-mentioned aqueous emulsion adds entry, turpentine oil, white sugar, emulsifier after the effective ingredients in plant extract that removes solvent is mixed in proportion, stirs; The weight proportion of each effective component extracts is: bitter coal tub extract: OX-heart is pounced on seed extract: leaf tobacco extract: the trifoliate jewelvine extract: the Azalea pontica extract: the Dalmatian chrysanthemum extract: thyme extract=1: 0.2: 0.2: 0.1: 0.1: 0.1: 0.1; The weight proportion of aqueous emulsion is: effective ingredients in plant extract 0.8%, and white sugar 1%, turpentine oil: 10%, emulsifier: 5%, all the other are water.
The present invention has following positive effect:
1, the present invention utilizes west desertification region unique biological source pesticide plant; Pounce on son, thyme like Sophora alopecuroide, OX-heart; Be composited in conjunction with other plant insecticide effective component extracts; Active insecticidal components is varied, sees from the chemical classification angle of composition, mainly comprises: (1) alkaloid: like nicotine, matrine; (2) terpene and volatile oil: like pyrethrins (3) triterpenes and steroid compound: Azalea pontica etc.; (4) flavonoids is like rotenone etc.Because active component is abundant, to compare with independent a kind of composition, insect is difficult for forming drug resistance, and the universal of desinsection improves.
Table 1 has provided through overtesting, and five kinds of different insecticides are to the control efficiency of matrimony vine, capsicum aphid:
Table 1
Table: I: The invention of pesticides; II: Composite Toosedarin; III: Herbs One; IV: Celastrus tie up; V: biopesticides One (Lanzhou City Academy of Agricultural Sciences); CK: water.
Can find out that from last table the present invention compares with some insecticides commonly used in the past, has clear superiority.
The present invention has carried out widely applying test; Main insect pest to crops such as matrimony vine, facilities vegetable, outdoor vegetable, watermelon, grapes: aphid, mite class, cabbage caterpillar, liriomyza bryoniae, two spotted spider mite etc. have carried out multiple spot control test; Compare with general plant insecticide with chemical insecticide, prove have efficient, broad-spectrum, characteristics that low toxicity, lasting period are grown.
2, adopt microwave extract method and selection suitably to extract solvent, extraction rate is accelerated, recovery rate improves.Be extracted as example with thyme, ten minutes recovery rate of the microwave induced extraction of the present invention is equivalent to the recovery rate that Suo Shi extracted 2 hours, and does not contain impurity such as chlorophyll in the extract of the present invention; Again for example, adopt the present invention from Sophora alopecuroide, to extract matrine, extraction time also shortened to 10-20 minute by 3 hours, and recovery rate brings up to 5.5% from 3.5%.
3, stability of emulsion of the present invention is high, through adding appropriate auxiliary material, like turpentine oil and white sugar; Improve dissolubility, dispersiveness and the liquid medicine stability of extract, simultaneously, it is sprayed on the plant; The active ingredient tack is good, and the particularly adding of white sugar has improved result of use greatly; White sugar has certain adsorptivity and insect inductivity at plant surface, plays and is detained the insect effect, helps improving the killing rate to adult and ovum.
4, main component of the present invention is botanical pesticide, and auxiliary material is also harmless to people, animal, does not have chemical pesticide residual after the application, is applicable to the plantation of green plants.
5, agricultural chemicals of the present invention is various to the mode of action of insect, and existing stomach poison function is like the kushenin composition; And action of contace poison; Like Dalmatian chrysanthemum, trifoliate jewelvine, tobacco etc., also have to avoid and keep away and the food refusal effect, like thyme etc.; Combine the bonding effect of white sugar again, both having made to global problem pimento tip die-back also has certain control efficiency.The present invention was both anti-, also controlled, and was particularly suitable for the arid area, and under the no rain condition condition, the term of validity is all more than 15 days.
Embodiment
1, raw material is prepared:
Get that Ningxia this real estate Sophora alopecuroide, OX-heart are pounced on son, tobacco leaf is pulverized respectively, adjustment moisture is to 5-10% (W), and is subsequent use;
Get outsourcing trifoliate jewelvine, Azalea pontica, Dalmatian chrysanthemum and thyme and pulverize respectively, adjustment moisture is to 5-10% (W), and is subsequent use;
2, working substance extracts:
Get that Sophora alopecuroide, the OX-heart that step 1 obtains pounced on son, the tobacco leaf powder adds in the micro-wave oven respectively; Add extract and stir reaction down, reaction condition: extracting solvent is ethanol, and the Microwave Extraction condition is: normal temperature; Weight solid-to-liquid ratio 1: 20; Microwave power 1500W, frequency: 2450Hz, time 10-20min.Reaction removes by filter solid content after finishing, and heating evaporation removes and desolvates, solvent recovery, and recycle obtains effective component extracts.
Getting trifoliate jewelvine, Azalea pontica, Dalmatian chrysanthemum and the thyme powder that step 1 obtains adds in the micro-wave oven respectively; Add extract and stir reaction down, reaction condition: extracting solvent is n-hexane-ethanol 2: 1 (volume) mixed solvents, and the Microwave Extraction condition is: normal temperature; Weight solid-to-liquid ratio 1: 30; Microwave power 1000W, frequency: 2450Hz, time 10-20min; Reaction removes by filter solid content after finishing, and heating evaporation removes and desolvates, solvent recovery, and recycle obtains effective component extracts.
3, emulsion preparation:
In container; Weight proportion according to each effective component extracts: bitter coal tub extract: OX-heart is pounced on seed extract: leaf tobacco extract: the trifoliate jewelvine extract: the Azalea pontica extract: the Dalmatian chrysanthemum extract: thyme extract=1: 0.2: 0.2: 0.1: 0.1: 0.1: 0.1; Mix in proportion after the weighing, (be not less than 10 ℃) under the normal temperature, prepare aqueous emulsion according to following weight proportion: effective ingredients in plant extract 0.8%; White sugar 1%; Turpentine oil: 10%, emulsifier: 5%, all the other are water.Emulsion is fully mixed stirring and is obtained finished product.
4, use:
According to 400,600,800,1000 or 1200 times of disease situation dilutions, spray-on process imposes on be injured plant leaf surface or rhizome, and efficiency time generally (getting rid of the rainy day) more than 15 days, all has killing action in various degree to various diseases.
Application example: the present invention carried out a large amount of field trials, took a single example:
The test of vegetable insecticide of the present invention on matrimony vine:
One, test material
1, test material: medicament title: No. 1, high-effect compound plant source pesticide;
Crop varieties, the age of tree: No. one, peaceful Qi, life in 6 years;
2, test place and area: No. 11 article one in Nan Liang farm matrimony vine station, 40 mu of areas;
3, method for using, purpose:
Matrimony vine budding period April 6, machinery sprayed with 500 times of dilution agricultural chemicals, mainly the aphid ovum of surviving the winter, one-tenth mite was prevented and treated;
In tip vegetative period 11 spring of May, the medication diluted concentration is respectively 800 times, 1000 times and 1200 times, purpose: variable concentrations is confirmed best working concentration to the control of aphids effect, checks 1000 times of concentration to preventing and treating the effect of goitre mite.
June 7 the matrimony vine full-bloom stage, with 1000 times of concentrations, purpose: kill aphid and raising the output situation.
Two, result of the test
Table 2 is prevented the aphid test statistics
Table 3 is prevented goitre mite test statistics
Table 4 and check plot output statistics and performance analysis
Can find out that from the experimental data of table 2, table 3 and table 4 at the different times of matrimony vine growth, using the present invention all has tangible insecticidal effect to matrimony vine aphid and goitre mite, and can improve matrimony vine output, CK refers to the clear water contrast in the table.