CN102732381B - 发酵型烟用神农香菊精油的制备方法 - Google Patents
发酵型烟用神农香菊精油的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种发酵型烟用神农香菊精油的制备方法,它是称取神农香菊并将神农香菊粉碎成80~150目的神农香菊粗粉,将神农香菊粗粉、葡萄糖和水置于发酵罐中进行发酵,先在15~30℃条件下发酵1~7d,然后在5~15℃条件下发酵7~28d等到发酵液;发酵液放入瓶中,采用挥发油提取器提取,并在油水分离器中分离,收集所得到的油层即为发酵型烟用神农香菊精油。方法工艺过程简单,原料成本极为低廉有效,有工业化使用前景能得到一种经济、高效且高质生产天然烟用香料的新途径。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及微生物发酵技术的应用,具体是指一种发酵型烟用神农香菊精油的制备方法。
背景技术
微生物发酵是生物技术的重要组成部分,它将微生物学、生物化学、化学工程学的基本原理有机的结合起来,是一门利用微生物的生长代谢活动来生产各种有用物质的工程技术。目前,在香精香料的生物合成中应用最广泛的生物技术是微生物发酵工程,以工农业废料为原料,利用微生物可以生产各种天然香料。由微生物发酵法生产的风味化合物主要有四大类:萜烯类、内酯类、吡喃类和酯类。Drawert和BantoS报道从乳酸克鲁维酵母中分离得到单菇类香茅醇、芳樟醇和香叶醇;Lee等应用酵母如Sporidiobolus salmonicolor 和Yarrowia lipolytica催化蓖麻酸,经β-氧化为有桃香味儿的γ-癸内酯;Demain等应用微生物在其代谢过程中生产香兰素等芳香族类风味化合物;比利时Gent等以杂醇油为前体物,利用姆拉克汉逊酵母将醇转化为相应的乙酸酯,产物被活性炭吸附,解吸后的浓缩物可作为天然香蕉香料。
神农香菊Dendranthema indicum是神农架特有的珍稀植物,属林区政府二级保护植物。神农香菊是多年生草本。植株矮小,全株疏被白色柔毛,花、叶及根均具浓郁香气;茎基部带紫红色;叶片较小而厚,深绿色,上面叶脉隆起,下面具凹陷小腺体;花小,黄色。该种很近似于野菊(D. indicum),民间称其为小野菊花,与原变种的主要区别在于神农香菊的叶、花等具有浓郁的特殊香气。香菊虽小,但浑身是宝。它的花、叶、茎、根都含有浓郁而独特的芳香,可以加工成香精、浸膏、芳香油,有清热、解毒、杀菌、消炎等功能。
神农香菊经晾制后,进行挥发油萃取,可制备得到淡黄色油状物,主要成分为萜烯类及芳香化合物,具有明显的止咳、抗炎、祛痰、平喘的功效,添加到香烟中,使烟气细腻柔和,抽吸后可显著降低副作用,缓解喉部不适反应。对吸烟者的喉部、呼吸道能起到保护作用,可显著降低吸烟所引起的咳嗽、多痰等不良症状,而且香气飘逸优雅,烟草本香与淡雅的天然植物香气浑然一体。然而,在目前的制备工艺当中,发现得油率不高,效率偏低。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是针对现有不足之处,提供了一种发酵型烟用神农香菊精油的制备方法,该方法通过微生物发酵技术生产具有特征菊花香气的发酵型烟用香料。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种发酵型烟用神农香菊精油的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)称取神农香菊并将神农香菊粉碎成80~150目的神农香菊粗粉,将神农香菊粗粉、葡萄糖和水置于发酵罐中进行发酵,先在15~30℃条件下发酵1~7d,然后在5~15℃条件下发酵7~28d等到发酵液;
2)将步骤1)中所得的发酵液放入瓶中,采用挥发油提取器提取,并在油水分离器中分离,收集所得到的油层即为发酵型烟用神农香菊精油。
优选的,所述神农香菊粗粉∶葡萄糖∶水比例为5~15∶0.1~5∶80~95。
优选的,所述发酵条件为pH值为2.5~5.5,搅拌转速为150~250r/min,通气量为1~3VVM。
香气成分分析:
(1)前处理
将400 ml发酵型烟用神农香菊精油装入圆底烧瓶中,用电热套进行加热至沸腾,另一侧的圆底烧瓶中加入200 ml的二氯甲烷, 60℃水浴沸腾,待中间分液管处液面出现分层后计时萃取2h。萃取结束后,向二氯甲烷萃取液中加入无水硫酸钠吸水,放置过夜,过滤并浓缩至1ml,浓缩液用于进行GC-MS分析。
(2)气相色谱-质谱联用(GC/MS)分析条件
采用HP6890/5973型气-质联用仪,分析条件如下:色谱柱:HP-5MS,50cm×0.25mm×0.25μm;载气:氦气;进样温度口:280℃;检测器:FID,280℃;流量:空气450ml/min,氢气40ml/min;柱流速:40cm/min;升温:60℃(2min)4℃/min,240℃ 15℃/min,300℃(20min);进样量:1μl;分流比:20∶1;IE离子源,70ev,扫描范围50~650amu;使用WILEY和MAINLIB谱库检索。
表1 发酵型烟用神农香菊精油成分分析
从分析结果上来看,发酵型神农香菊精油主要成分为萜烯类化合物。这类化合物多数是对卷烟香气有正面作用的。水芹烯具有柑橘、辛香、黑胡椒香气和柑橘、辛香、薄荷的味道。α-蒎烯具有松木、树脂样的香气。松油烯具有柠檬样香气。α-愈创木烯具有优雅的木香。古巴烯具有香脂气息和芳香微苦的刺激味。α-金合欢烯有萜香、青香、草香、松木香带有痕量花香的青蔬菜香韵。味道似新鲜的青蔬菜味,木香、杜松子酒味、药草、类似浆果,带有芹菜、干草韵味和某种脂肪味以及热带水果的后味。石竹烯有留兰香薄荷香,木香和带有威士忌辛香风韵,添加在卷烟中作为辛香的修饰剂,改善和提调烟香的自然风味,具有香味增效的作用。1,8-桉叶油素具有樟脑样渗透性新鲜阴凉清香,有清甜的凉味。添加在卷烟中,能抑制苦辣刺激性,可作薄荷烟的凉味头香。
本发明的优点:本发明以神农香菊为原料,通过微生物发酵技术生产具有特征菊花香气的发酵型烟用香料。方法工艺过程简单,原料成本极为低廉有效,有工业化使用前景能得到一种经济、高效且高质生产天然烟用香料的新途径,并开发出传统香料生产法所不能生产的新型烟用香料。本产品增加烟香,提高香气质感,增加口腔回味,略细腻烟气。
具体实施方式
下面列举一部分实施例对本发明的有关技术问题作进一步详细的描述。
实施例1
称取神农香菊并将神农香菊粉碎成80目的神农香菊粗粉,将神农香菊粗粉∶葡萄糖∶水按比例5∶5∶90置于发酵罐中,在pH 2.5,搅拌转速为250r/min,通气量为1VVM条件下,先在15℃发酵7d,然后在5℃条件下发酵28d等到发酵液;然后发酵液放入瓶中,采用挥发油提取器提取,并在油水分离器中分离,收集所得到的油层即为发酵型烟用神农香菊精油。
实施例2
称取神农香菊并将神农香菊粉碎成100目的神农香菊粗粉,将神农香菊粗粉∶葡萄糖∶水按比例8∶2.5∶89.5置于发酵罐中,在pH 3,搅拌转速为200r/min,通气量为2VVM条件下,先在20℃发酵5d,然后在8℃条件下发酵25d等到发酵液;然后发酵液放入瓶中,采用挥发油提取器提取,并在油水分离器中分离,收集所得到的油层即为发酵型烟用神农香菊精油。
实施例3
称取神农香菊并将神农香菊粉碎成120目的神农香菊粗粉,将神农香菊粗粉∶葡萄糖∶水按比例10∶5∶80置于发酵罐中,在pH 4,搅拌转速为180r/min,通气量为3VVM条件下,先在20℃发酵7d,然后在10℃条件下发酵22d等到发酵液;然后发酵液放入瓶中,采用挥发油提取器提取,并在油水分离器中分离,收集所得到的油层即为发酵型烟用神农香菊精油。
实施例4
称取神农香菊并将神农香菊粉碎成100目的神农香菊粗粉,将神农香菊粗粉∶葡萄糖∶水按比例15∶5∶80置于发酵罐中,在pH 5,搅拌转速为150r/min,通气量为2VVM条件下,先在25℃发酵3d,然后在15℃条件下发酵10d等到发酵液;然后发酵液放入瓶中,采用挥发油提取器提取,并在油水分离器中分离,收集所得到的油层即为发酵型烟用神农香菊精油。
实施例5
称取神农香菊并将神农香菊粉碎成100目的神农香菊粗粉,将神农香菊粗粉∶葡萄糖∶水按比例15∶0.1∶84.9置于发酵罐中,在pH5.5,搅拌转速为200r/min,通气量为1VVM条件下,先在30℃发酵1d,然后在15℃条件下发酵28d等到发酵液;然后发酵液放入瓶中,采用挥发油提取器提取,并在油水分离器中分离,收集所得到的油层即为发酵型烟用神农香菊精油。
实施例5
称取神农香菊并将神农香菊粉碎成150目的神农香菊粗粉,将神农香菊粗粉∶葡萄糖∶水按比例12∶3∶85置于发酵罐中,在pH 4,搅拌转速为230r/min,通气量为3VVM条件下,先在28℃发酵4d,然后在5℃条件下发酵28d等到发酵液;然后发酵液放入瓶中,采用挥发油提取器提取,并在油水分离器中分离,收集所得到的油层即为发酵型烟用神农香菊精油。
实施例6
称取神农香菊并将神农香菊粉碎成90目的神农香菊粗粉,将神农香菊粗粉∶葡萄糖∶水按比例7∶2∶91置于发酵罐中,在pH 3.5,搅拌转速为190r/min,通气量为1VVM条件下,先在20℃发酵4d,然后在7℃条件下发酵24d等到发酵液;然后发酵液放入瓶中,采用挥发油提取器提取,并在油水分离器中分离,收集所得到的油层即为发酵型烟用神农香菊精油。
Claims (2)
1.一种发酵型烟用神农香菊精油的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)称取神农香菊并将神农香菊粉碎成80~150目的神农香菊粗粉,将神农香菊粗粉∶葡萄糖∶水比例为5~15∶0.1~5∶80~95置于发酵罐中进行发酵,先在15~30℃条件下发酵1~7d,然后在5~15℃条件下发酵7~28d得到发酵液;
2)将步骤1)中所得的发酵液放入瓶中,采用挥发油提取器提取,并在油水分离器中分离,收集所得到的油层即为发酵型烟用神农香菊精油。
2.根据权利要求1所述发酵型烟用神农香菊精油的制备方法,其特征在于,所述发酵条件为pH值为2.5~5.5,搅拌转速为150~250r/min,通气量为1~3VVM。
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CN103948167B (zh) * | 2014-05-12 | 2016-05-04 | 川渝中烟工业有限责任公司 | 一种甜香草香味香料及其香烟 |
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