CN102723661B - Electro-optic Q-switching and acousto-optic Q-switching pulse laser capable of quickly converting Q-switching modes - Google Patents
Electro-optic Q-switching and acousto-optic Q-switching pulse laser capable of quickly converting Q-switching modes Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001208 nuclear magnetic resonance pulse sequence Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of lasers and relates to an electro-optic Q-switching and acousto-optic Q-switching pulse laser capable of quickly converting Q-switching modes. The laser comprises an electro-optic Q-switching structure which is used for realizing electro-optic Q-switching and an acousto-optic Q-switching structure which is used for realizing acousto-optic Q-switching, and the laser can realize conversion of working modes of the electro-optic Q-switching structure and the acousto-optic Q-switching structure. Electro-optic Q-switching and acousto-optic Q-switching modes can be quickly converted, laser pulse which is high in single-pulse energy, high in peak power and low in repetition frequency and laser pulse which is low in single-pulse energy, low in peak power and high in repetition frequency can be included in the same output pulse sequence of the Q-switching pulse laser, and equipment is simplified.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lasers, and particularly relates to a Q-switched pulse laser with electro-optic and acousto-optic dual Q-switching functions, wherein the Q-switched mode can be quickly switched.
Background
The Q-switched pulse laser compresses laser output energy to laser pulses with extremely narrow time width for emission, and the working principle is as follows: when the Q switch is closed, the laser resonant cavity is in a low Q value state, the loss in the cavity is large, the laser light emitting threshold is high, and the energy of the pump radiation is stored in the laser amplification medium.
Electro-optical Q-switch and electro-optical Q-switch are two common Q-switch modes in the laser technical field at present, the electro-optical Q-switch utilizes the electro-optical effect of certain crystals to make corresponding electro-optical Q-switch devices to realize the Q-switch function, and the electro-optical Q-switch has short switch time (about 10)-9s), high efficiency, precise control of the Q-switching time, narrow output pulse width (10-20 ns), high peak power (more than dozens of MW), and the like, but the high modulation voltage (several kilovolts) is not easy to realize the laser pulse output with high repetition frequency, so the electro-optic Q-switching laser generally works in a low repetition frequency state (less than 100 Hz); the acousto-optic Q-switch device is made by utilizing the characteristic that when ultrasonic waves are transmitted in an acousto-optic medium, the refractive index formed in the acousto-optic medium generates periodic distribution, the ultrasonic waves are transmitted in the acousto-optic medium, the caused periodic change of the refractive index of the medium is equivalent to a phase grating for incident light waves, Bragg diffraction is generated when light passes through the device, and light beams deviate from the original transmission direction, so that the Q-switch device has the effect of adjusting Q. The off time of the acousto-optic Q-switch is mainly determined by the transit time of sound waves passing through a light beam, for example, fused quartz, the time required for the sound waves to pass through a material with the length of 1mm is 200ns, and the time is too long for some high-gain lasers, so that the acousto-optic Q-switch is generally applied to a continuous laser with low gain, and in addition, the driving voltage required by the acousto-optic Q-switch is very low (< 200V), so that the Q-switch of the continuous laser is easily realized, the laser pulse output with high repetition frequency is obtained, and the repetition frequency can reach 1-20 kHz generally. The acousto-optic Q-switch is generally suitable for low-gain Q-switched lasers because of poor switching capability of the acousto-optic Q-switch on and off high-energy lasers.
The existing Q-switched pulse laser adopts either an electro-optic Q-switching mode to output laser pulses with large single pulse energy, high peak power and low repetition frequency or an acousto-optic Q-switching mode to output laser pulses with small single pulse energy, low peak power and high repetition frequency.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: how to overcome the defect that the traditional Q-switched pulse laser cannot contain laser pulses with large single pulse energy, high peak power and low repetition frequency and laser pulses with small single pulse energy, low peak power and high repetition frequency in the same laser pulse output sequence, and provides an electro-optic and acousto-optic dual-tuned Q-pulse laser with a Q-switched mode and rapid shear.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides an electro-optic and acousto-optic double-Q-switched pulse laser for fast shearing in a Q-switched mode, the laser comprises an electro-optic Q-switched structure for realizing electro-optic Q-switching and an acousto-optic Q-switched structure for realizing acousto-optic Q-switching, and the laser can realize the conversion of the working mode between the electro-optic Q-switched structure and the acousto-optic Q-switched structure.
The electro-optical Q-switching structure comprises a reflector, an electro-optical Q-switching crystal and a plurality of groups of reflectors which are arranged in sequenceThe acousto-optic Q-switching structure comprises an acousto-optic Q-switching crystal and a reflector, and the conversion of the working mode between the electro-optic Q-switching structure and the acousto-optic Q-switching structure is realized by a polaroid and an electro-optic crystal.
Preferably, the first and second electrodes are formed of a metal,the included angle between the optical axis direction of the wave plate and the light transmission direction of the polaroid is 45 degrees, and the induction optical axis of the electro-optical Q-switched crystalFast axis of wave plates orThe slow axis is overlapped, and the included angle between the induction optical axis of the electro-optic crystal and the light transmission direction of the polaroid is 45 degrees.
Preferably, an electro-optically Q-switched crystal andthe light transmission surfaces of the wave plates are all plated with antireflection films, and the reflection surfaces of the reflectors in the electro-optical Q-switching structure are plated with high-reflectivity films.
Preferably, the reflecting mirror in the electro-optical Q-switch structure is replaced by a corner cube prism, the light-transmitting surface of which is plated with an antireflection film, and the total reflection surface of which is plated with a phase film capable of preventing phase difference between p light and s light during total reflection.
Preferably, the light-transmitting surface of the acousto-optic Q-switching crystal is plated with an antireflection film, and the reflecting surface of the reflector is plated with a high-reflectivity film.
Preferably, the reflector in the acousto-optic Q-switch structure is replaced by a corner cube prism, the light-transmitting surface of which is plated with an antireflection film, and the total reflection surface of which is plated with a phase film capable of preventing phase difference between p light and s light during total reflection.
Preferably, the light transmission surfaces of the polaroid and the electro-optic crystal are plated with antireflection films.
Preferably, the polarizing plate is replaced by a polarizing prism with a light-transmitting end face plated with an antireflection film.
Preferably, the laser further includes a pumping gain structure, the pumping gain structure includes two dichroic mirrors and a laser medium, and the two dichroic mirrors are respectively disposed at two ends of the laser medium.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention adopts the mode of electro-optic and acousto-optic Q-switching, and the electro-optic and acousto-optic Q-switching mode can be quickly switched, so that the laser pulse with large single pulse energy, high peak power, narrow pulse width and low repetition frequency and the laser pulse with small single pulse energy, low peak power, wide pulse width and high repetition frequency are contained in the same output pulse sequence of the Q-switching laser, and the equipment is simplified.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a laser structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the laser of FIG. 1, operating in end-pumped mode;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the laser of FIG. 1, operating in a side-pumped mode;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a laser structure according to another embodiment of the present invention, in which the laser medium used is an anisotropic gain medium;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a laser structure according to yet another embodiment of the present invention, in which a polarizing prism is used instead of a polarizing plate;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a laser structure employing a folded cavity structure according to yet another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention provides an electro-optic and acousto-optic double-Q-switched pulse laser for fast shearing in a Q-switched mode, which comprises an electro-optic Q-switched structure and an acousto-optic Q-switched structure, wherein the electro-optic Q-switched structure and the acousto-optic Q-switched structure are used for realizing fast conversion between the electro-optic Q-switched mode and the acousto-optic Q-switched mode through an electro-optic crystal and a polaroid, so that the same output pulse sequence of the same laser comprises laser pulses which are generated by the electro-optic Q-switched and have low repetition frequency, large single pulse energy, narrow pulse width and high pulse peak power, and laser pulses which are generated by the acousto-optic Q-switched and have high repetition frequency, low single pulse energy, wide pulse width and small pulse peak power.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of the laser of the present invention, the whole Q-switched portion includes both an electro-optic Q-switched structure and an acousto-optic Q-switched structure, light from right to left passes through the electro-optic crystal 5 via the polarizer 8 (assuming that the polarization direction of light is in the paper, no voltage is applied to the electro-optic crystal 5), and is still linearly polarized light with the polarization direction parallel to the paper, the light transmission direction of the polarizer 4 is parallel to the paper, so that light can smoothly transmit through the polarizer 4,the included angle between the optical axis of the wave plate 3 and the paper surface is 45 degrees, and light passes throughThe wave plate 3 is changed into circularly polarized light, when no voltage is applied to the electro-optically Q-switched crystal 2, the polarization state of the light is not affected, after the circularly polarized light is reflected by the reflector 1, the rotation direction of the circularly polarized light is opposite to that of the incident light, and then the circularly polarized light passes through the reflectorThe wave plate 3 is then linearly polarized but the polarization direction is perpendicular to the plane of the paper and thus cannot pass through the polarizer 4 but is reflected upwards out of the cavity, thus failing to create laser oscillation. If the electro-optic Q-switched crystal 2 is addedA voltage is equivalent to oneWave plate, electro-optically Q-switched crystal 2 induced by applying voltageFast axis of wave plate andthe fast axes of the wave plates 3 are coincident, so that the two are togetherHas the function ofA wave plate with an included angle of 45 ° between the optical axis and the paper surface, and linearly polarized light emitted from the polarizer 4 and having a polarization direction parallel to the paper surface passes throughWave plate 3 andafter the electro-optical Q-switched crystal 2 of voltage, the polarization plane is rotated by 90 degrees, the vibration direction of light vector is vertical to the paper surface, after the light vector is reflected by the plane mirror 1, the polarization direction is unchanged and still vertical to the paper surface, and the Q-switched crystal is addedElectro-optically Q-switched crystal 2 of voltage andafter the wave plate 3, the vibration direction of the light vector rotates 90 degrees again, the polarization direction of the light is parallel to the paper surface, and the light can smoothly pass through the polaroid 4, so that laser oscillation is formed; if the electro-optical Q-switched crystal 2 is addedAfter a voltage, inducedFast axis of wave plate andthe slow axes of the wave plate 3 are coincident, the influence of the wave plate and the slow axes on the polarized light is mutually counteracted, and the electro-optic Q-switched crystal 2 after the voltage is applied is combined withThe wave plate 3 is combined to have no influence on the polarized light, so that the linearly polarized light emitted from the polarizing plate 4 and having the polarization direction parallel to the paper surface passes throughAfter the wave plate 3 and the electro-optical Q-switching crystal 2 are still linearly polarized light with the polarization direction parallel to the paper surface, the linearly polarized light is reflected by the plane mirror 1 and passes through the electro-optical Q-switching crystal 2 and the electro-optical Q-switching crystal 2 againAfter the wave plate 3, the polarization direction remains unchanged, and the vibration direction of the light vector is in the paper plane and is consistent with the light transmission direction of the polarizing plate 4, so that the reflected light can smoothly pass through the prism, and laser oscillation is also formed.
Therefore, in the working state of electro-optical Q-switching, when no voltage is applied to the electro-optical Q-switching crystal 2, the resonant cavity cannot form laser oscillation and is in a low Q value state, and the loss in the cavity is large; when the electro-optic Q-switching crystal 2 is addedWhen voltage is applied, no matter the fast axis of the electro-optic crystal induction is generatedThe fast axis of the wave plate 3 is parallel or vertical, light can form oscillation in the resonant cavity, the resonant cavity is in a high Q value state, and the loss in the cavity is very small.
When the electro-optical crystal 5 is addedWhen the voltage is applied, the included angle between the induction optical axis and the paper surface is 45 degrees, and linearly polarized light which is transmitted leftwards and has a polarization plane parallel to the paper surface is subjected to the application of voltageAfter the electro-optical crystal 5 of voltage, the polarization direction rotates 90 degrees, the vibration direction of the light vector is vertical to the paper surface, the light vector is reflected by the polaroid 4 and passes through the acousto-optic Q-switching crystal 6, then the light vector is reflected by the plane reflector 7, passes through the acousto-optic Q-switching crystal 6, and is reflected by the polaroid 4 and then is added with the Q-switching crystalThe polarization direction of light of the electro-optical crystal 5 of the voltage rotates back by 90 degrees, and the vibration direction of the light vector is parallel to the paper surface and is consistent with the polarization direction of the light which is originally incident to the electro-optical crystal 5 leftwards. When no ultrasonic wave acts on the acousto-optic Q-switched crystal 6, the light beam does not deflect, so that laser oscillation can be formed in the resonant cavity, and the resonant cavity is in a low-loss and high-Q-value state; when ultrasonic waves act in the acousto-optic Q-switching crystal 6, the light beam emits Bragg diffraction, the diffracted light deviates from the original light beam propagation direction and is leaked out of the cavity, and therefore the resonant cavity is in a high-loss and low-Q-value state.
As can be seen from the above discussion, although the electro-optic Q-switched structure and the acousto-optic Q-switched structure exist in the Q-switched module at the same time, the two structures do not work at the same time and have no influence on each other, and the switching between the electro-optic Q-switched and acousto-optic Q-switched modes is completed by the polarizer 4 and the electro-optic crystal 5, and because the switching speed of the electro-optic switch is fast (up to ns magnitude), the electro-optic Q-switched and acousto-optic Q-switched modes can be switched rapidly, so that the low-repetition frequency electro-optic Q-switched laser pulse with large single pulse energy, narrow pulse width and high peak power generated by the electro-optic Q-switched and the high-repetition frequency acousto-optic Q-switched laser pulse with small single pulse energy, wide pulse width and low peak power generated by the acousto-optic Q-switched can be included in the same output laser pulse. The positions of the electro-optic Q-switching structure and the acousto-optic Q-switching structure can be interchanged.
The pumping gain structure comprises a dichroic mirror 9, laser gain media 10 and 11, end pumping radiation and side pumping radiation 12, and the working modes of the pumping source can be 5 types as follows: firstly, a side pumping mode is adopted in the electro-optic Q-switching state, and an end pumping mode is adopted in the acousto-optic Q-switching working state, so that the single pulse energy of the low-repetition-frequency laser pulse obtained from the laser is larger, but the beam quality is relatively poorer, and the single pulse energy of the high-repetition-frequency laser pulse is lower, but the beam quality is better. Secondly, an end-face pumping mode is adopted in the electro-optic Q-switching working state, and a side-face pumping mode is adopted in the acousto-optic Q-switching working state, so that the single pulse energy of the low-repetition-frequency laser pulse obtained from the laser is low, but the beam quality is good, while the single pulse energy of the high-repetition-frequency laser pulse is high, but the beam quality is poor. And thirdly, both in the electro-optic Q-switching working mode and in the acousto-optic Q-switching working mode, a side pumping mode and an end pumping mode are simultaneously adopted, so that the method is favorable for improving the single pulse energy of the output laser, and of course, the proportion distribution of the end pumping and the side pumping corresponding to each other can be determined according to actual conditions in the electro-optic Q-switching state and the acousto-optic Q-switching working state. Both the electro-optical Q-switching working mode and the acousto-optical Q-switching working mode adopt an end-pumped pumping mode, as shown in FIG. 2, in the working mode, compared with the pumping working mode phi, although the single pulse energy of the low repetition frequency laser pulse is lower, the beam quality of the low repetition frequency laser pulse and the high repetition frequency laser pulse is better. The electro-optic Q-switching mode and the acousto-optic Q-switching mode both adopt a side pumping method, as shown in FIG. 3, in this mode, the beam quality of the high repetition frequency laser pulse is reduced, but the single pulse energy is improved compared with the pumping mode phi. In this mode of operation, no dichroic mirror is required.
13 is the output mirror of the laser, 14 is the output laser, 8 is another polaroid, the polaroid 8 can be replaced by a polaroid prism 16 with antireflection coating on both ends. If the laser medium is an anisotropic gain medium for polarized light output, e.g. Nd: YVO4YLF, etc., and only one linear polarization state of the lasing mode is output, the polarizer 8 may be removed, as shown in fig. 4. The polarizing plate 4 may be replaced with a polarizing prism 15 as shown in fig. 5. The resonant cavity may also use a folded cavity structure as shown in fig. 6.
The embodiments can see that the invention adopts the mode of electro-optic and acousto-optic dual Q-switching, and the electro-optic and acousto-optic Q-switching mode can be quickly switched, so that the laser pulse sequence with large single pulse energy, high peak power, narrow pulse width and low repetition frequency and the laser pulse with small single pulse energy, low peak power, wide pulse width and high repetition frequency are included in the same output pulse sequence of the Q-switching laser, and the equipment is simplified.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a transfer quick electro-optic, the two Q pulse laser that transfer of reputation of cutting of Q mode, its characterized in that, the laser ware is including the electro-optic Q structure of transferring Q and the acousto-optic Q structure of transferring Q that is used for realizing acousto-optic Q of transferring Q, just the laser ware can realize the conversion of working method between electro-optic Q structure of transferring Q and acousto-optic Q structure of transferring Q, electro-optic Q structure with acousto-optic Q structure of transferring Q does not work simultaneously;
wherein, the electro-optical Q-switching structure comprises a reflector (1), an electro-optical Q-switching crystal (2) and a plurality of groups of reflectorsThe acousto-optic Q-switching structure comprises an acousto-optic Q-switching crystal (6) and a reflector (7), and the conversion of the working mode between the electro-optic Q-switching structure and the acousto-optic Q-switching structure is realized by a polaroid (4) and an electro-optic crystal (5);
wherein,the included angle between the optical axis direction of the wave plate (3) and the light transmission direction of the polaroid (4) is 45 degrees, and the induction optical axis of the electro-optical Q-switched crystal (2) and the light transmission direction of the polaroid (4) form a parallel angleThe fast axis or the slow axis of the wave plate (3) is overlapped, and the included angle between the induction optical axis of the electro-optical crystal (5) and the light passing direction of the polaroid (4) is 45 degrees.
2. A laser according to claim 1, characterized by an electro-optically Q-switched crystal (2) andthe light transmission surfaces of the wave plates (3) are plated with antireflection films, and the reflection surfaces of the reflectors (1) in the electro-optical Q-switching structure are plated with high-reflectivity films.
3. The laser according to claim 2, characterized in that the reflector (1) in the electro-optic Q-switch structure is replaced by a corner cube prism, the light-passing surface of which is coated with an antireflection film and the total reflection surface of which is coated with a phase film capable of preventing phase difference between p-light and s-light during total reflection.
4. The laser of claim 1, wherein the light-passing surface of the acousto-optic Q-switching crystal (6) is coated with an antireflection film, and the reflecting surface of the reflector (7) is coated with a high-reflectivity film.
5. The laser according to claim 4, characterized in that the reflector (7) in the acousto-optic Q-switch structure is replaced by a corner cube prism, the light-passing surface of which is coated with an antireflection film and the total reflection surface of which is coated with a phase film capable of preventing phase difference of p-light and s-light during total reflection.
6. The laser device according to claim 1, wherein the light-passing surfaces of the polarizer (4) and the electro-optic crystal (5) are coated with an antireflection film.
7. The laser according to claim 1, characterized in that the polarizing plate (4) is replaced by a polarizing prism with a transparent end face coated with an antireflection film.
8. The laser according to any of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a pumping gain structure, wherein the pumping gain structure comprises two dichroic mirrors (9) and a laser medium (10), and the two dichroic mirrors (9) are respectively disposed at two ends of the laser medium (10).
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CN106025783A (en) * | 2016-06-06 | 2016-10-12 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | Q-switched pulse laser for quickly switching polarization states |
CN108346971B (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2024-08-23 | 北京国泰蓝盾科技有限公司 | Acousto-optic Q-switched frequency multiplication laser for controlling laser output by utilizing electro-optical switch |
CN110635349B (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2021-01-05 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Ultra-high repetition frequency narrow pulse width CO2Laser device |
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US6292505B1 (en) * | 1998-10-12 | 2001-09-18 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Dual resonator laser apparatus with optical modulation |
CN201001002Y (en) * | 2006-08-11 | 2008-01-02 | 北京国科世纪激光技术有限公司 | Laser capable of adjusting pulsewidth |
CN101335424A (en) * | 2008-07-11 | 2008-12-31 | 华中科技大学 | Polarization coupled parallel Q modulating solid laser |
CN101527423B (en) * | 2009-04-20 | 2011-01-26 | 清华大学 | High-mean-power high-repetition-rate solid laser |
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US6292505B1 (en) * | 1998-10-12 | 2001-09-18 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Dual resonator laser apparatus with optical modulation |
CN201001002Y (en) * | 2006-08-11 | 2008-01-02 | 北京国科世纪激光技术有限公司 | Laser capable of adjusting pulsewidth |
CN101335424A (en) * | 2008-07-11 | 2008-12-31 | 华中科技大学 | Polarization coupled parallel Q modulating solid laser |
CN101527423B (en) * | 2009-04-20 | 2011-01-26 | 清华大学 | High-mean-power high-repetition-rate solid laser |
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