CN102720467A - Residual acid flowback method after acid method hole-flushing in-situ leach of uranium - Google Patents
Residual acid flowback method after acid method hole-flushing in-situ leach of uranium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a residual acid flowback method after acid method hole-flushing in-situ leach of uranium. The flowback method comprises the steps of firstly using strong alkaline foam liquid with the pH value of 12 to 13 to flush a liquid drainage hole and/or a liquid injection hole, and allowing the foam fluid to flow back; then using alkaline foam liquid with the pH value of 10 to 11 to flush the liquid drainage hole and/or the liquid injection hole, and allowing the foam fluid to flow back; and finally using foam liquid with the pH value of 8 to 9 to flush the liquid drainage hole and/or the liquid injection hole, and allowing the foam fluid to flow back. The residual acid flowback method after acid method hole-flushing in-situ leach of uranium provided by the invention adjusts the alkalinity of conventional foam liquid to adapt to the requirement of the foam performance in residual acid flowback, thus the backflow is in the form of foam, the hole-flushing efficiency is improved, settling sand is thoroughly flushed, and the demand of in-situ leaching uranium is satisfied.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of original place and leach and adopt the cleaning method of holing in the uranium process, in particular for take out, the row of returning of residual acid after the hole flushing of orifice acid system and the clean method of sand setting.
Background technology
China's hypotonicity sandrock-type uranium deposit is numerous, and the taking out of mineral deposit, water injection rate are generally less than normal.In addition, in recovery process,, take out the orifice water yield and reduce because the injury of construction operation also can cause the permeability reduction of ore bed.For above situation, adopt particularly acid system hole flushing of hole flushing, acidifying to wait the water yield that improves wellhole usually.
Residual acid after hole flushing of ground-dipping uranium extraction acid system and the acidifying need the row of returning, return drain clean after, take out water injection rate usually and have tangible increase.The discharge method that returns that now uses all promotes as compressed air.This method adopts big air quantity air compressor machine, cleans with single tube or concentric tube, and technology is simple, practicality.But the water yield is still very little during owing to the row of returning, and residual acid will be returned and drain clean length consuming time.To water yield 1-2m
3The boring of/h needs 3-5 days usually, and the hole that has reached more than the week.The row's of returning overlong time has a strong impact on the production of ground-dipping uranium extraction.
Relatively compressed air hole flushing, wash the foam hole flushing not only have well take the sand effect, to wellhole clean thoroughly, clean, and discharge speed is fast, is a kind of hole flushing method efficiently.But often acidity is higher in the residual acid of the row of returning, and foam solution is an anion surfactant, poor stability in acid solution, and making foam return the residual acid of row has very big difficulty.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of original place to leach to adopt in the uranium discharge method that returns of residual acid after the acid system hole flushing; It carries out basicity through the foam solution to routine and regulates; The requirement of foaming properties makes the row of returning be able to use the foam mode when returning row to adapt to residual acid, has improved hole flushing efficient.
Realize the technical scheme of the object of the invention: the discharge method that returns of adopting in the uranium residual acid after the acid system hole flushing is leached in a kind of original place, and described hole is drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole, and drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole are after overpickling, and the residual acid solution pH value of the row of returning is 1～3; This returns discharge method and adopts the strong basicity foam solution of pH value 12～13 to wash drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole earlier, and foam solution returns row; Adopt the alkaline foam solution of pH value 10～11 to wash drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole again, foam solution returns row; Adopting pH at last is that 8 ~ 9 foam solution is washed drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole, and foam solution returns row.
The discharge method that returns of adopting in the uranium residual acid after the acid system hole flushing is leached in aforesaid a kind of original place, and it carries out according to following steps:
(1) drawing liquid hole after pickling and/or liquid injection hole inject the hole flushing of strong basicity foam solution, carry out foam solution then and return row; Described strong basicity foam solution is the aqueous solution; It comprises that mass percent is that 0.3 ~ 0.5% sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate and/or sodium sulfate of polyethenoxy ether of fatty alcohol, mass percent are 0.05 ~ 0.2% carboxymethyl cellulose, uses NaOH adjust pH to 12～13 then;
When (2) discharge opeing pH value to 6 ~ 7 is returned in the aperture of drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole in the step (1), change into to drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole and inject alkaline foam solution hole flushing, carry out foam solution then and return row; Described alkaline foam solution is the aqueous solution; It comprises that mass percent is that 0.3 ~ 0.5% sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate and/or sodium sulfate of polyethenoxy ether of fatty alcohol, mass percent are 0.05 ~ 0.2% carboxymethyl cellulose, uses NaOH adjust pH to 10～11 then;
When (3) discharge opeing pH value to 6 ~ 7 was returned in the aperture of drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole in the step (2), changing into to drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole injection pH was 8 ~ 9 foam solution hole flushing, carries out foam solution then and returns row; Described pH is that 8 ~ 9 foam solution is the aqueous solution, and it comprises that mass percent is that 0.3 ~ 0.5% sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate and/or sodium sulfate of polyethenoxy ether of fatty alcohol, mass percent are 0.05 ~ 0.2% carboxymethyl cellulose;
When (4) discharge opeing pH value to 6 ~ 7 is returned in the aperture of drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole in the step (3); Stop to inject foam solution; Directly in drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole, inject air; Utilize air that foam residual in drawing liquid hole and/or the liquid injection hole and foam solution are returned and eject, making boring become the hole of cleaning.
The discharge method that returns of adopting in the uranium residual acid after the acid system hole flushing is leached in aforesaid a kind of original place; Strong basicity foam solution described in its step (1) mixes the formation foam earlier before injecting drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole with air; Gas-liquid volume ratio is in (50 ~ 100): 1, gas flow should make foam can return to the aperture of drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole and upward velocity more than 0.8m/s.
The discharge method that returns of adopting in the uranium residual acid after the acid system hole flushing is leached in aforesaid a kind of original place; Alkaline foam solution described in its step (2) mixes the formation foam earlier before injecting drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole with air; Gas-liquid volume ratio is in (100 ~ 150): 1, gas flow should make foam can return to the aperture of drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole and upward velocity more than 0.5m/s.
The discharge method that returns of adopting in the uranium residual acid after the acid system hole flushing is leached in aforesaid a kind of original place; PH described in its step (3) be 8 ~ 9 foam solution mix the formation foam earlier with air before injecting drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole; Gas-liquid volume ratio is in (100 ~ 200): 1, gas flow should make foam can return to the aperture of drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole and upward velocity more than 0.5m/s.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The discharge method that returns of adopting in the uranium residual acid after the acid system hole flushing is leached in original place of the present invention, and it carries out basicity through the foam solution to routine regulates, and the requirement of foaming properties makes the row of returning be able to use the foam mode when returning row to adapt to residual acid, has improved hole flushing efficient.
The present invention adopts improvement foam solution basicity and uses the stairway degression method to carry out foam and return row, regulates foam solution pH value according to residual acidacidity, to guarantee foaming properties, can improve residual acid greatly and return row's efficient, and sand setting cleans thoroughly, satisfies the demand of ground-dipping uranium extraction.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with practical implementation to a kind of ground-dipping uranium extraction acid system of the present invention hole flushing return row processing method further describe.
It is the foam hole flushing that row's processing method is returned in a kind of ground-dipping uranium extraction acid system of the present invention hole flushing; Return the pH value of row's stage foam solution through regulating difference, the pickling raffinate is cleared in the hole with foam, required to guarantee ordinary production.This returns discharge method and adopts the strong basicity foam solution of pH value 12～13 to wash drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole earlier, and foam solution returns row; Adopt the alkaline foam solution of pH value 10～11 to wash drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole again, foam solution returns row; Adopting pH at last is that 8 ~ 9 foam solution is washed drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole, and foam solution returns row.
Embodiment 1
Adopt the somewhere to soak S31 hole, mineral deposit, 185.77 meters of hole depths, hydrostatic level is 88.32 meters in the hole.Its initial pump-out has only 0.98m
3/ h adopts the acidifying hole flushing to annotate sour 1.5m
3
This method is carried out according to following steps, about 8 hours of whole hole flushing process:
(1) drawing liquid hole after pickling and/or liquid injection hole inject the hole flushing of strong basicity foam solution, carry out foam solution then and return row; Described strong basicity foam solution is the aqueous solution, and it comprises that mass percent is that 0.4% sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, mass percent are 0.1% carboxymethyl cellulose, uses NaOH adjust pH to 13 then;
This strong basicity foam solution mixes the formation foam earlier before injecting drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole with air, gas-liquid volume ratio is at 80: 1, gas flow should make foam can return to the aperture of drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole and upward velocity more than 0.8m/s.
(2) when discharge opeing pH value to 6.5 is returned in the aperture of drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole in the step (1), change into to drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole and inject alkaline foam solution hole flushing, carry out foam solution then and return row; Described alkaline foam solution is the aqueous solution, and it comprises that mass percent is that 0.4% sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate and/or sodium sulfate of polyethenoxy ether of fatty alcohol, mass percent are 0.1% carboxymethyl cellulose, uses NaOH adjust pH to 11 then;
This alkalescence foam solution mixes the formation foam earlier before injecting drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole with air, gas-liquid volume ratio is at 120: 1, gas flow should make foam can return to the aperture of drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole and upward velocity more than 0.5m/s.
When (3) discharge opeing pH value to 6 was returned in the aperture of drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole in the step (2), changing into to drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole injection pH value was 8 foam solution hole flushing, carries out foam solution then and returns row; Described pH value is that 8 foam solution is the aqueous solution, and it comprises that mass percent is that 0.4% sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate and/or sodium sulfate of polyethenoxy ether of fatty alcohol, mass percent are 0.1% carboxymethyl cellulose;
This pH value be 8 foam solution mix the formation foam earlier with air before injecting drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole, gas-liquid volume ratio is at 150: 1, gas flow should make foam can return to the aperture of drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole and upward velocity more than 0.5m/s.
(4) when discharge opeing pH value to 7 is returned in the aperture of drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole in the step (3); Stop to inject foam solution; Directly in drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole, inject air; Utilize air that foam residual in drawing liquid hole and/or the liquid injection hole and foam solution are returned and eject, making boring become the hole of cleaning.
Embodiment 2
This example adopts the somewhere to soak S71 hole, mineral deposit, and drilling depth is 180.0 meters, and hydrostatic level is 87 meters in the hole.Pump-out is 1.35m before the hole flushing
3/ h adopts the acid system hole flushing to annotate sour 150L.
This method is carried out according to following steps, about 8 hours of whole hole flushing process:
(1) drawing liquid hole after pickling and/or liquid injection hole inject the hole flushing of strong basicity foam solution, carry out foam solution then and return row; Described strong basicity foam solution is the aqueous solution, and it comprises that mass percent is that 0.3% sodium sulfate of polyethenoxy ether of fatty alcohol, mass percent are 0.05% carboxymethyl cellulose, uses NaOH adjust pH to 12 then;
This strong basicity foam solution mixes the formation foam earlier before injecting drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole with air, gas-liquid volume ratio is at 100: 1, gas flow should make foam can return to the aperture of drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole and upward velocity more than 0.8m/s.
(2) when discharge opeing pH value to 6 is returned in the aperture of drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole in the step (1), change into to drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole and inject alkaline foam solution hole flushing, carry out foam solution then and return row; Described alkaline foam solution is the aqueous solution, and it comprises that mass percent is that 0.3% sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate and/or sodium sulfate of polyethenoxy ether of fatty alcohol, mass percent are 0.05% carboxymethyl cellulose, uses NaOH adjust pH to 10 then;
This alkalescence foam solution mixes the formation foam earlier before injecting drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole with air, gas-liquid volume ratio is at 150: 1, gas flow should make foam can return to the aperture of drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole and upward velocity more than 0.5m/s.
When (3) discharge opeing pH value to 7 was returned in the aperture of drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole in the step (2), changing into to drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole injection pH value was 8.5 foam solution hole flushing, carries out foam solution then and returns row; Described pH is that 8.5 foam solution is the aqueous solution, and it comprises that mass percent is that 0.3% sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate and/or sodium sulfate of polyethenoxy ether of fatty alcohol, mass percent are 0.05% carboxymethyl cellulose;
This pH value be 8.5 foam solution mix the formation foam earlier with air before injecting drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole, gas-liquid volume ratio is at 200: 1, gas flow should make foam can return to the aperture of drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole and upward velocity more than 0.5m/s.
(4) when discharge opeing pH value to 7 is returned in the aperture of drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole in the step (3); Stop to inject foam solution; Directly in drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole, inject air; Utilize air that foam residual in drawing liquid hole and/or the liquid injection hole and foam solution are returned and eject, making boring become the hole of cleaning.
Embodiment 3
This example adopts the somewhere to soak S113 hole, mineral deposit, and drilling depth is 179.5 meters, and hydrostatic level is 89 meters in the hole.Pump-out is 1.26m before the hole flushing
3/ h adopts the acid system hole flushing to annotate sour 250L.
This method is carried out according to following steps, about 10 hours of whole hole flushing process:
(1) drawing liquid hole after pickling and/or liquid injection hole inject the hole flushing of strong basicity foam solution, carry out foam solution then and return row; Described strong basicity foam solution is the aqueous solution, and it comprises that mass percent is that 0.5% sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate and sodium sulfate of polyethenoxy ether of fatty alcohol, mass percent are 0.2% carboxymethyl cellulose, uses NaOH adjust pH to 13 then;
This strong basicity foam solution mixes the formation foam earlier before injecting drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole with air, gas-liquid volume ratio is at 50: 1, gas flow should make foam can return to the aperture of drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole and upward velocity more than 0.8m/s.
(2) when discharge opeing pH value to 7 is returned in the aperture of drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole in the step (1), change into to drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole and inject alkaline foam solution hole flushing, carry out foam solution then and return row; Described alkaline foam solution is the aqueous solution, and it comprises that mass percent is that 0.5% sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate and/or sodium sulfate of polyethenoxy ether of fatty alcohol, mass percent are 0.2% carboxymethyl cellulose, uses NaOH adjust pH to 11 then;
This alkalescence foam solution mixes the formation foam earlier before injecting drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole with air, gas-liquid volume ratio is at 100: 1, gas flow should make foam can return to the aperture of drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole and upward velocity more than 0.5m/s.
When (3) discharge opeing pH value to 6.2 was returned in the aperture of drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole in the step (2), changing into to drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole injection pH value was 9 foam solution hole flushing, carries out foam solution then and returns row; Described pH is that 9 foam solution is the aqueous solution, and it comprises that mass percent is that 0.5% sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate and/or sodium sulfate of polyethenoxy ether of fatty alcohol, mass percent are 0.2% carboxymethyl cellulose;
This pH value be 9 foam solution mix the formation foam earlier with air before injecting drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole, gas-liquid volume ratio is at 100: 1, gas flow should make foam can return to the aperture of drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole and upward velocity more than 0.5m/s.
(4) when discharge opeing pH value to 6.5 is returned in the aperture of drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole in the step (3); Stop to inject foam solution; Directly in drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole, inject air; Utilize air that foam residual in drawing liquid hole and/or the liquid injection hole and foam solution are returned and eject, making boring become the hole of cleaning.
Comparative Examples
This example adopts the somewhere to soak GC01-1 hole, mineral deposit, 176.4 meters of drilling depths, and hydrostatic level is 90 meters in the hole.Pump-out is 0.7m before the acidifying
3/ h adopts the acidifying hole flushing to inject acid solution 2.5m
3After acidifying is accomplished, with conventional compressed air (air compressor machine pressure 1.2Mpa, air quantity 1m
3/ min) carry out residual acid to return row, 8 days times spent, return discharge opeing pH value 6.0, basic one-tenth is neutral.
Claims (5)
1. the discharge method that returns of adopting in the uranium residual acid after the acid system hole flushing is leached in an original place; Described hole is drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole; Drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole are after overpickling; The residual acid solution pH value of the row of returning is characterized in that 1～3: this returns discharge method and adopts the strong basicity foam solution of pH value 12～13 to wash drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole earlier, and foam solution returns row; Adopt the alkaline foam solution of pH value 10～11 to wash drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole again, foam solution returns row; Adopting pH at last is that 8 ~ 9 foam solution is washed drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole, and foam solution returns row.
2. the discharge method that returns of adopting in the uranium residual acid after the acid system hole flushing is leached in a kind of original place according to claim 1, and it is characterized in that: this method is carried out according to following steps:
(1) drawing liquid hole after pickling and/or liquid injection hole inject the hole flushing of strong basicity foam solution, carry out foam solution then and return row; Described strong basicity foam solution is the aqueous solution; It comprises that mass percent is that 0.3 ~ 0.5% sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate and/or sodium sulfate of polyethenoxy ether of fatty alcohol, mass percent are 0.05 ~ 0.2% carboxymethyl cellulose, uses NaOH adjust pH to 12～13 then;
When (2) discharge opeing pH value to 6 ~ 7 is returned in the aperture of drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole in the step (1), change into to drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole and inject alkaline foam solution hole flushing, carry out foam solution then and return row; Described alkaline foam solution is the aqueous solution; It comprises that mass percent is that 0.3 ~ 0.5% sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate and/or sodium sulfate of polyethenoxy ether of fatty alcohol, mass percent are 0.05 ~ 0.2% carboxymethyl cellulose, uses NaOH adjust pH to 10～11 then;
When (3) discharge opeing pH value to 6 ~ 7 was returned in the aperture of drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole in the step (2), changing into to drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole injection pH value was 8 ~ 9 foam solution hole flushing, carries out foam solution then and returns row; Described pH value is that 8 ~ 9 foam solution is the aqueous solution, and it comprises that mass percent is that 0.3 ~ 0.5% sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate and/or sodium sulfate of polyethenoxy ether of fatty alcohol, mass percent are 0.05 ~ 0.2% carboxymethyl cellulose;
When (4) discharge opeing pH value to 6 ~ 7 is returned in the aperture of drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole in the step (3); Stop to inject foam solution; Directly in drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole, inject air; Utilize air that foam residual in drawing liquid hole and/or the liquid injection hole and foam solution are returned and eject, making boring become the hole of cleaning.
3. the discharge method that returns of adopting in the uranium residual acid after the acid system hole flushing is leached in a kind of original place according to claim 2; It is characterized in that: the strong basicity foam solution described in the step (1) mixes the formation foam earlier before injecting drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole with air; Gas-liquid volume ratio is in (50 ~ 100): 1, gas flow should make foam can return to the aperture of drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole and upward velocity more than 0.8m/s.
4. the discharge method that returns of adopting in the uranium residual acid after the acid system hole flushing is leached in a kind of original place according to claim 2; It is characterized in that: the alkaline foam solution described in the step (2) mixes the formation foam earlier before injecting drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole with air; Gas-liquid volume ratio is in (100 ~ 150): 1, gas flow should make foam can return to the aperture of drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole and upward velocity more than 0.5m/s.
5. the discharge method that returns of adopting in the uranium residual acid after the acid system hole flushing is leached in a kind of original place according to claim 2; It is characterized in that: the pH value described in the step (3) be 8 ~ 9 foam solution mix the formation foam earlier with air before injecting drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole; Gas-liquid volume ratio is in (100 ~ 200): 1, gas flow should make foam can return to the aperture of drawing liquid hole and/or liquid injection hole and upward velocity more than 0.5m/s.
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| CN102900418A (en) * | 2012-10-24 | 2013-01-30 | 核工业北京化工冶金研究院 | In-situ uranium leaching and mining treatment method by adding O2 into CO2 |
| CN104533346A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-04-22 | 核工业北京化工冶金研究院 | Method for preparing hole flushing agent through citric acid in in-situ leaching uranium mining process |
| CN109958406A (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2019-07-02 | 中核通辽铀业有限责任公司 | A kind of ground-dipping uranium extraction acidification hole flushing method |
| CN109989727A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2019-07-09 | 新疆中核天山铀业有限公司 | A kind of ground-dipping uranium extraction drilling de-plugging anatonosis technique |
| CN111520107A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-08-11 | 核工业北京化工冶金研究院 | Well flushing process for in-situ leaching uranium mining production well |
| CN114622866A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2022-06-14 | 中核内蒙古矿业有限公司 | NaOH well washing process for in-situ leaching mine |
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| CN102900418A (en) * | 2012-10-24 | 2013-01-30 | 核工业北京化工冶金研究院 | In-situ uranium leaching and mining treatment method by adding O2 into CO2 |
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| CN104533346A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-04-22 | 核工业北京化工冶金研究院 | Method for preparing hole flushing agent through citric acid in in-situ leaching uranium mining process |
| CN109989727A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2019-07-09 | 新疆中核天山铀业有限公司 | A kind of ground-dipping uranium extraction drilling de-plugging anatonosis technique |
| CN109958406A (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2019-07-02 | 中核通辽铀业有限责任公司 | A kind of ground-dipping uranium extraction acidification hole flushing method |
| CN109958406B (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2021-07-20 | 中核通辽铀业有限责任公司 | Acidizing and hole-washing method for in-situ leaching uranium mining |
| CN111520107A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-08-11 | 核工业北京化工冶金研究院 | Well flushing process for in-situ leaching uranium mining production well |
| CN114622866A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2022-06-14 | 中核内蒙古矿业有限公司 | NaOH well washing process for in-situ leaching mine |
| CN114622866B (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2024-03-19 | 中核内蒙古矿业有限公司 | In-situ leaching mine NaOH well washing process |
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