CN102677503B - A kind of living beings continuous hydrothermal pre-treatment reactor - Google Patents
A kind of living beings continuous hydrothermal pre-treatment reactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN102677503B CN102677503B CN201210171871.0A CN201210171871A CN102677503B CN 102677503 B CN102677503 B CN 102677503B CN 201210171871 A CN201210171871 A CN 201210171871A CN 102677503 B CN102677503 B CN 102677503B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of living beings continuous hydrothermal pre-treatment reactor, it is characterized in that structure by: two or more high-pressure reaction pot, hot water supply and recovery system and pressure-air supply system form.High-pressure reaction pot alternately completes charging, water inlet, reaction, solid-liquor separation, Recovery of the hot water, pressurising and discharging 7 steps, the number rationally arranging high-pressure reaction pot can ensure that reactor is in charging and discharge state all the time, thus realizes the continuous hydrothermal pre-treatment of living beings.This structure of reactor is simple, can simple hand operate, and the means such as industrial computer also can be used to realize automatically controlling.Reactor achieves the recovery of hot water, decreases waste water; Reclaim the organic acid produced containing preliminary treatment in the hot water of Posterior circle utilization and can increase pretreating effect, improve efficiency, reduce cost.Water supply of the present invention and recovery system make preprocessing process be in optimal conditions all the time, ensure that pretreated effect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to lignocellulosic material preprocessing technical field, particularly a kind of living beings continuous hydrothermal pre-treatment reactor.
Background technology
Along with the exhaustion day by day of fossil resources, fossil resources is substituted with reproducible biomass resource, be the energy by biorefinery technology by biomass conversion, chemicals and material are developing direction from now on, are also the inevitable means solving human environment, resource and energy problem.Biorefinery, for the production of bioenergy, its basic procedure is: biomass collection, living beings preliminary treatment, cellulase hydrolysis, ethanol or the comprehensive utilization of butanol fermentation, Product recycling and byproduct.In these main production links, living beings preliminary treatment is in core status, this is because first living beings preliminary treatment determines the efficiency of cellulase hydrolysis.If living beings are without preprocessing process, cellulase hydrolysis rate is generally no more than 30%, and needs a large amount of enzyme preparations, and by the preliminary treatment of appropriateness, cellulosic enzymatic hydrolyzation can significantly improve, and even can reach 100%.The complicated components of living beings, if one of them component of single utilization, except cause raw material availability lower except, the component do not utilized also causes environmental pollution.As can be seen here, biomass comprehensive utilization is the precondition of its efficiency utilization, and suitable preprocess method is the important leverage of comprehensive utilization.Therefore, the importance of living beings preliminary treatment in biorefinery process is self-evident.
People pay attention to the pretreated importance of living beings very early, develop various preprocess method.According to current sorting technique, substantially physics preliminary treatment, Chemical Pretreatment, Biological Pretreatment can be divided into.In order to overcome the shortcoming of single preprocess method, playing its advantage, further developed the pretreated method of combination.But the value-added effect that corresponding existing biomass economy produces, the greatest problem of pre existing processing mode is with high costs.Easily the preliminary treatment cost that hundreds of unit is per ton, by the advantage approach exhaustion of biomass material cheapness.The reason that these method costs are higher can be divided into several aspect: one is the chemicals needing to consume some, as acid, and alkali, ammonia, carbon dioxide etc.If when such preprocess method can not solve chemical recovery problem preferably, environment can be produced without dye, and cause cost to increase sharply.And recovery problem will be solved, just need a certain amount of reclaimer, this adds additional investment undoubtedly; Two is that energy consumption is too high.Such as hydrothermal pretreatment, dilute acid pretreatment, needs the high temperature providing nearly 200 DEG C, and by biomass material, the water (hydrothermal pretreatment needs to carry out under the condition of liquid-solid ratio up to 10:1-20:1) mainly in pretreatment system is heated to 200 DEG C.If the energy consumption in process can not be recycled fully, the energy consumption needed for process will be made too high.If such preprocessing process is used for the production of biomass energy, just losing more than gain on the energy may be caused.
In numerous preprocess methods, hydrothermal pretreatment as a kind of novel green reaction technique, due to do not need to add any chemical reagent, generation the advantages such as catabolite is few and become study hotspot.Yu Qiang etc. (by force remaining, Zhuan Xinshu, Yuan Zhenhong, QiWei, Wang Wen, Wang Qiong, Yang Lifang, Tan Xuesong. lignocellulose-like biomass high temperature liquid water preconditioning technique. chemical industry is in progress, and 2010,29 (11): 2177) literature review has been carried out to this pretreatment mode.Design efficient hydrothermal pretreatment reactor, advance the application of hydrothermal pretreatment in living beings refining industry to have great importance.
Application number is that the Chinese invention patent of 201010171586.X discloses a kind of pretreated method of high-temperature liquid water of cellulosic biomass and device.The preliminary treatment that this device utilizes the hot water of the High Temperature High Pressure biomass material flow through in reactor to realize living beings, the wood sugar that can effectively produce in removal process and compound sugar.But this device cannot realize the continued operation of preprocessing process.In suitability for industrialized production, process has certain advantage relative to batch processing or semicontinuous operation continuously.Adopt continued operation can reduce the size of equipment needed thereby significantly, generally can reduce between 50%-80%.Energy consumption needed for continued operation is also less, avoids the fluctuation that energy consumption consumes simultaneously.
Application number be 200980120519.0 Chinese invention patent disclose a kind of from high-pressure area to the area of low pressure discharge equipment of preprocessing biomass and method.Can realize discharging pretreated biomass material continuously from living beings preatreating reactors by this equipment.But this equipment forming a buffering area between the external world and inside reactor by spraying water wherein, material flows out from reactor with pulpous state, also to filter afterwards and just can obtain material.
Realize continuous hydrothermal pre-treatment and can significantly increase preliminary treatment efficiency, reduce pre-processing device and run investment.The patent No. is that the Chinese invention patent of CN200680034205.5 discloses a kind of continuous hydrothermal pre-treatment equipment and process based on particle pump (being disclose in the Chinese invention patent of CN02817599.9 in the patent No.), for living beings such as preliminary treatment wheat straws, then for the conversion of alcohol fuel.But this structure of reactor is complicated, and cost is high.
Summary of the invention
The prerequisite of [goal of the invention] biomass economy is preliminary treatment, although have various pretreatment mode at present, these modes still await raising the efficiency, and reduce costs.Hydrothermal pretreatment, is a kind of effective pretreatment mode, if can improve its efficiency, reduces its cost, will contribute to it and be used widely at industrially scalable.The present invention, while the advantage retaining hydrothermal pretreatment, by the serialization of hydrothermal pretreatment process implementation, increases its efficiency, realizes the reuse of energy and hot water in process, thus reduces energy consumption.
[design of the present invention] serialization improves an important means of reactor efficiency.In hydrothermal pretreatment process, materials inside (mainly water) pressure is high, needs that the temperature of material is reduced to less than 100 DEG C and taken out by material after reaction terminates.Though this is easier to realize in the hydrothermal reactor of intermittent operation, the time needed for operation is long, and needs cooling water.If directly produced by material fast by ball valve class valve, then can improve discharging speed, but energy loss is comparatively large, and the loss of the energy consumption mainly energy loss that is reduced to room temperature from about 200 DEG C of high-temperature-hot-water.If the material in reactor is realized solid-liquor separation in position, high-temp liquid carries out reclaiming and is recycling in follow-up serialization preprocessing process, solid after process takes out fast, then can solve these problems of intermittent operation well, thus improve preliminary treatment efficiency, and reduce preliminary treatment cost.
[technical solution of the present invention] essential structure of the present invention is as accompanying drawing 1 and Fig. 2:
Its core is two or more high-pressure reaction pots 4, high-pressure reaction pot 4 comprises a charging aperture 5 (high-temperature resistant ball valve or other resistance to pressure valves, such as valve mechanism disclosed in Chinese patent 01218677.5), with a discharging opening 10 (high-temperature resistant ball valve or other valves, such as valve disclosed in Chinese patent 201010215443.4), be crushed to the biomass material of certain size (1mm ~ 100mm), enter from charging aperture 5, hot water 21 in hot-water cylinder 2 enters high-pressure reaction pot 4 by pipeline from the hot water inlet stop valve 12 opened, reactant 7 reaches the temperature needed for preliminary treatment at short notice, and in high-pressure reaction pot, stop the required time, after processing time arrives, start filter screen drive motors 6, filter screen 8 is driven to move down along filter screen drive screw 9, material 23 after hydrolyzate 22 and process is carried out separately, open Recovery of the hot water pipe stop valve 15 and hydrolyzate 22 is returned reuse in hot-water cylinder 2 by the second high pressure centrifugal pump 31, after treating that hydrolyzate 22 reclaims, start screen cloth drive motors 17 by screen cloth 14 as home position, then pressure-air inlet shutoff valve 26 is opened, the pressure-air in storage tank 1 is allowed to enter into high-pressure reaction pot, reach after setting value until pressure and open discharging opening 25, the material 28 of inside reactor is produced by the pressure differential inside and outside reactor, the further comminuting matter of shearing force is utilized while realizing quickly discharging, split fibre, destroy cell wall structure, increase its specific area, a reaction time comprises 7 steps such as charging, water inlet, reaction, solid-liquor separation, hydrolyzate reuse, punching press and discharging, a reactor arranges two or more high-pressure reaction pot, when a retort is in the charging stage, other reactors are in into stages such as water, reaction, solid-liquor separation, hydrolyzate reuse, punching press and dischargings, the suitable high-pressure reaction pot of such configuration will make reactor be in continuous print charging and discharge state, thus achieves continuous print preprocessing process.Reactor also can only configure a high-pressure reaction pot as required and carry out periodic running.Be gradually consumed in material 28 after the hot water 21 of reactor in running in hot-water cylinder 2 can be adsorbed in process, first high pressure centrifugal pump 18 is set and starts supplementary running water according to the liquid level in hot-water cylinder 2 in good time, keep the liquid level in hot-water cylinder 2, arrange electric heating tube 20 timely adjustment heating power simultaneously and keep the temperature of temperature needed for preliminary treatment of hot water 21, the temperature of hot water 21 also can by passing into high steam or other heat-supplying mode maintains; Pressure-air in reactor running in storage tank 1 can be consumed, and arranges air compressor 3 and starts according to the pressure change in air reservoir 1 in good time, maintain the pressure in storage tank 1.
According to the pretreated needs of different living beings, in hot-water cylinder 2, the temperature of hot water is arranged between 160-280 DEG C, for ensureing that reactor operates steadily, the volume settings of hot-water cylinder be all reaction under high pressure tank volume sums 1-2 doubly between.
According to the complexity of discharging, in storage tank 1, the pressure of air is set between 0.5-2MPa, the 1-10 that the volume of storage tank 1 is configured to single reaction under high pressure tank volume doubly between.
According to scale and the needs of reactor, reactor can simply adopt the switch of manual control valve to run reactor; Also industrial computer can be used to form full automatic reactor in conjunction with configuration software or other automatic control means in conjunction with pneumatic or electrically operated valve.
The present invention has following characteristics and advantage:
1. being used alternatingly by two (or multiple) high-pressure reaction pots, achieves the continued operation of hydrothermal pretreatment, thus improves pretreated efficiency;
2. placed separately by the holding vessel of hot water, the temperature needed for test can reach at short notice, and without the need to long temperature-rise period, shortens the time that material stops at inside reactor like this, ensure that the accurate control of pretreatment condition;
3. by the reuse of hot water, significantly reduce the energy consumption of preprocessing process, thus reduce preliminary treatment cost, this is very important in commercial application;
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 living beings continuous hydrothermal pre-treatment reactor,
Fig. 2 living beings continuous hydrothermal pre-treatment reactor mesohigh retort blowing schematic diagram
1, air accumulator; 2, hot-water cylinder; 3, air compressor; 4, high-pressure reaction pot (1); 5, charging aperture; 6, filter screen drive motors; 7, reactant; 8, filter screen; 9, filter screen drive screw; 10, discharging opening; 11, pressure-air inlet shutoff valve; 12, hot water inlet stop valve; 13, pressure-air inlet shutoff valve; 14, filter screen; 15, Recovery of the hot water pipe stop valve; 16, hot water inlet stop valve; 17, filter screen drive motors; 18, first high pressure centrifugal pump; 19, cooling water inlet stop valve; 20, electric heating tube; 21, hot water; 22, hydrolyzate; 23, material; 24, Recovery of the hot water pipe stop valve; 25, discharging opening; 26, pressure-air inlet shutoff valve; 27, filter screen; 28, material; 29, filter screen drive motors; 30, filter screen drive screw; 31, second high pressure centrifugal pump; 32, high-pressure reaction pot (2).
Detailed description of the invention
Below by embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment
A kind of living beings continuous hydrothermal pre-treatment reactor, as shown in Figure 1, the high-pressure reaction pot 4 and 32 of its core to be two volumes be 5L, high-pressure reaction pot comprises a high-temperature resistant ball valve as charging aperture 5 and discharging opening 10, be crushed to the maize straw of 10mm length, enter from charging aperture 5, hot water 21 in hot-water cylinder 2 enters high-pressure reaction pot 4 by pipeline from the hot water inlet stop valve 12 opened, reactant 7 reaches 200 DEG C in 1min, and 10min is stopped in high-pressure reaction pot, after processing time arrives, start filter screen drive motors 6, filter screen 8 is driven to move down along filter screen drive screw 9, material 23 after hydrolyzate 22 and process is carried out separately, open Recovery of the hot water pipe stop valve 15 and hydrolyzate 22 is returned reuse in hot-water cylinder 2 by the second high pressure centrifugal pump 31, after treating that hydrolyzate 22 reclaims, start screen cloth drive motors 17 by screen cloth 14 as home position, then pressure-air inlet shutoff valve 26 is opened, the pressure-air in storage tank 1 is allowed to enter into high-pressure reaction pot, reach after 1MPa until pressure and open discharging opening 25, the material 28 of inside reactor is produced by the pressure differential inside and outside reactor, the further comminuting matter of shearing force is utilized while realizing quickly discharging, split fibre, destroy cell wall structure, increase its specific area, a reaction time comprises 7 steps such as charging, water inlet, reaction, solid-liquor separation, hydrolyzate reuse, punching press and discharging, a reactor arranges two high-pressure reaction pots 4 and 32, when a retort is in the charging stage, other retort in other interstages, thus achieves continuous print preprocessing process.Reactor configurations volume is the hot-water line of 20L, be gradually consumed in material 28 after the hot water 21 of reactor in running in hot-water cylinder 2 can be adsorbed in process, first high pressure centrifugal pump 18 is set and starts supplementary running water according to the liquid level in hot-water cylinder 2 in good time, keep the liquid level in hot-water cylinder 2, electric heating tube 20 timely adjustment heating power is set simultaneously and keeps the temperature of hot water 21 at 210 DEG C; The air reservoir of reactor configurations 50L, the pressure-air in reactor running in storage tank 1 can consume, and arrange air compressor 3 and start according to the pressure change in air reservoir 1 in good time, the pressure in maintenance storage tank 1 is at 1.2MPa.
This reactor uses industrial computer to form full automatic reactor in conjunction with configuration software and operated pneumatic valve.
Claims (5)
1. a living beings continuous hydrothermal pre-treatment reactor, it is characterized in that: this reactor is by two or more high-pressure reaction pot (4, 32), hot water supply and recovery system, and pressure-air supply system composition, high-pressure reaction pot (4, 32) by charging aperture (5), discharging opening (10, 25), equipment for separating liquid from solid forms, equipment for separating liquid from solid comprises screen cloth (8), screen cloth drive motors (6, 17) and screen cloth drive screw (9) composition, mesh size is 1-10mm, screen cloth is through drive screw, tank inner top was positioned by screen cloth drive motors before high-pressure reaction pot charging, retort charging, water inlet, after reaction terminates, screen cloth drive screw is driven to be down to bottom retort by screen cloth from tank inner top by drive motors, in this process the material after hydrolyzate and process is carried out Separation of Solid and Liquid, hot water supply and recovery system comprise hot-water cylinder (2), first high pressure centrifugal pump (18), pipeline and stop valve (19), in reactor running, first high pressure centrifugal pump (18) opens the liquid level in maintaining heat water pot according to the liquid level in hot-water cylinder, heater (20) in hot-water cylinder regulates heating power to maintain the temperature of hot water according to the temperature of hot water in hot-water cylinder, high-pressure reaction pot (4, 32) after charging, open corresponding hot water inlet stop valve (12, 16), hot water (21) in hot-water cylinder will flow into high-pressure reaction pot (4 under pressure voluntarily, 32) in, question response terminates, after solid-liquor separation completes, open Recovery of the hot water pipe stop valve (24, 15), by the effect of the second high pressure centrifugal pump (31), hydrolyzate (22) is returned hot-water cylinder (2), realize the recycle and reuse of hot water (21), pressure-air supply system is by storage tank (1) and air compressor (3) and corresponding pipeline and inlet shutoff valve (11, 13) form, in reactor running, high-pressure reaction pot (4, 32) material (7) in has reacted, and after carrying out solid-liquor separation, open pressure-air inlet shutoff valve (11, 13), pressure-air in storage tank (1) enters high-pressure reaction pot (4, 32) in, open discharging opening (10 subsequently, 25), material (28) will be produced high-pressure reaction pot (4, 32), air pressure settings in storage tank (1) is to certain scope, when automatically starting the air pressure in air compressor (3) maintenance storage tank after the pressure in storage tank (1) is lower than this scope.
2. a kind of living beings continuous hydrothermal pre-treatment reactor as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described charging aperture (5) is manual, pneumatic or electronic high temperature high voltage resistant ball valve or other resistance to pressure valves.
3. a kind of living beings continuous hydrothermal pre-treatment reactor as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described discharging opening (10,25) is manual, pneumatic or electronic high temperature high voltage resistant ball valve or other resistance to pressure valves.
4. living beings continuous hydrothermal pre-treatment reactor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described hot water supply and recovery system, in hot-water cylinder (2), the temperature of hot water (21) is arranged between 160-280 DEG C, for ensureing that reactor operates steadily, the volume settings of hot-water cylinder (2) be all high-pressure reaction pots (4,32) volume sum 1-2 doubly between.
5. living beings continuous hydrothermal pre-treatment reactor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described pressure-air supply system, in storage tank (1), the pressure of air is set between 0.5-2MPa, the 1-10 that the volume of storage tank (1) is configured to single high-pressure reaction pot (4,32) volume doubly between.
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| CN106108008A (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2016-11-16 | 丽江师范高等专科学校 | A kind of extracting method of effective component in Maka |
| CN112774597A (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2021-05-11 | 轻工业环境保护研究所 | Double-tank circulating hydrothermal reaction device and operation method |
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