CN102661995B - Electromagnetic acoustic and magnetic leakage compounded detection method - Google Patents
Electromagnetic acoustic and magnetic leakage compounded detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102661995B CN102661995B CN201210147358.8A CN201210147358A CN102661995B CN 102661995 B CN102661995 B CN 102661995B CN 201210147358 A CN201210147358 A CN 201210147358A CN 102661995 B CN102661995 B CN 102661995B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electromagnetic acoustic and magnetic leakage compounded detection method and relates to a nondestructive detection method. The detection method comprises the following steps of: on the basis of a fundamental principle of magnetic leakage detection, increasing an EMAT (Electro Magnetic Acoustic Transducer) exciting coil capable of generating a dynamic alternating magnetic field and an EMAT detection coil for receiving ultrasonic echoes; when pulse current is excited in the EMAT exciting coil, generating electromagnetic ultrasonic waves propagated to the other side of a detected steel plate, wherein when the electromagnetic ultrasonic waves is encountered with the outer wall of the detected steel plate, acoustic echoes can be generated, and picking up the acoustic echoes by utilizing the EMAT detection coil; analyzing the pick-up acoustic echoes to obtain a position with a defect to realize the positioning of layers of an inner wall and the outer wall; and finally, forming a compound nondestructive detection effect by fusing defect form information provided by magnetic leakage detection signals so as to reconstruct an actual form and depth of the detect. According to the detection method, the defects of non-ideal evaluation effect and low accuracy to the defect of the prior art are effectively overcome, and the detection method has the advantages of simple structure and non-contact measurement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of lossless detection method, especially relate to a kind of detection method based on electromagnetic acoustic and leakage field compound.
Background technology
Along with the widespread use that leakage field method detects at the steel plate such as storage tank, pipeline, more and more important to the location of depth of defect.On the one hand, be conducive to accurately describing the origin cause of formation of corrosion default in flaw detection report; On the other hand, along with the location of the inside and outside parietal layer of corrosion time (i.e. the degree of depth), more can exact evaluation detection signal, the quantified precision of raising testing result.Now widely used flux-leakage detection method, owing to all can produce similar stray field in tested steel plate both sides, the concrete degree of depth be therefore difficult to corrosion occurs is assessed.And for the inside and outside wall differentiating method of Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting, all adopt the thinking of signal filtering process to realize abroad.But in fact, what cause signal frequency changing features is not only the position of corrosion, the speed detected and the geometric configuration etc. of corrosion also can be reflected in signal waveform and frequency, therefore the conventional thought effect of signal filtering process is undesirable, accuracy rate is hovered 50%, is difficult to promote in practical engineering application.
Chinese patent CN101354380A discloses a kind of eddy current, electromagnetic ultrasonic combined type nondestructive detection method, the method utilizes EDDY CURRENT sensitive for the defect on measurand surface and surface, Asia, and compared to detection method of eddy, electromagnetic acoustic can detect thickness thick many material.Combine by EDDY CURRENT and electromagnetic acoustic are detected, achieve the mutual inspection of measurand testing result, also can mutually compensate simultaneously, thus realize detecting measurand object that is surperficial and more deep defects.But the method can only obtain the information that there are flawless information and measurand surface and the following degree of depth thereof in measurand surface, cannot know the actual form information of defect.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, in order to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of electromagnetic acoustic and leakage field combination detection device.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of electromagnetic acoustic and leakage field composite detection method
Described electromagnetic acoustic and leakage field combination detection device are provided with magnetic core, permanent magnet, EMAT excitation variable winding, EMAT magnetic test coil, Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting element, described permanent magnet is fixed on the thinner one end of magnetic core, and EMAT excitation variable winding, EMAT magnetic test coil are fixed on immediately below permanent magnet and above steel plate to be measured; Described Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting element is fixed on the centre at probe two ends and is placed in above steel plate to be measured.
Described magnetic core can adopt L-type magnetic core or U-shaped magnetic core etc.
Described electromagnetic acoustic and leakage field composite detection method, adopt described electromagnetic acoustic and leakage field combination detection device, described detection method comprises the following steps:
1) electromagnetic acoustic and leakage field combination detection device are placed in surface of steel plate to be measured, and by the lift-off value H1 of setting, Scanning Detction is carried out to steel plate to be measured, wherein, permanent magnet, EMAT excitation variable winding, EMAT magnetic test coil and steel plate to be measured form electromagnet ultrasonic changer (Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer, be called for short EMAT), electromagnet ultrasonic changer is that one encourages in the conductor and receives hyperacoustic transducing head;
2) in EMAT excitation variable winding, pumping signal is applied, thus the electromagnetic ultrasonic wave formed perpendicular to surface of steel plate incidence to be measured, electromagnetic acoustic wave direction steel plate opposite side to be measured is propagated, when running into steel plate outer wall to be measured, ultrasonic echo will be produced, meanwhile, under the effect of permanent magnet, steel plate to be measured to state of saturation, at this moment will be produced stray field at fault location by local magnetized;
3) by EMAT magnetic test coil pickup step 2) the middle ultrasonic echo produced, simultaneously, utilize Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting element with the lift-off value H2 of setting to step 2) in the stray field that produces measure, by pickup to ultrasound echo signal and the output signal (i.e. magnetic leakage signal) of Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting element send in signal processing unit;
4) respectively the echoed signal sent in ultrasound echo signal passage and the magnetic leakage signal sent in magnetic leakage signal passage are amplified and filtering process, then the data after process are converted to after digital signal through A/D converter, send into information handling system respectively;
5) in information handling system, after the digital signal received is carried out analyzing and processing, the oscillogram of ultrasound echo signal and magnetic leakage signal is obtained, because signal is asynchronous, by reaching the object of two kinds of signal simultaneous displays to the translation of magnetic leakage signal time domain;
6) further the signal waveform image of two kinds of different information of reflection defect after process in step 5) is processed into the synchronizing signal that may be displayed on same interface to show over the display, sets the lower threshold A0 of first echo amplitude and receive the lower threshold T0 of first echo time used;
7) under the prerequisite having magnetic leakage signal, ultrasound echo signal image is analyzed, the amplitude A of obtain first echoed signal and time T used and setting threshold value A 0 and T0 are compared; If A<A0, then defect is positioned at the inwall of steel plate; If T<T0, then defect is positioned at outer wall or the inside of steel plate; Again by the analysis to magnetic leakage signal image, conventional Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting analytical approach is adopted to obtain the shape information of defect, thus the location with inside and outside parietal layer time (i.e. the degree of depth) of knowing of defect actual form can be realized simultaneously, reconstruct defect actual form and the degree of depth, complete once to the detection of defect.
In step 1), described EMAT excitation variable winding and EMAT magnetic test coil can be made by two coils respectively, also can be transmitting-receiving integrated coils.
In step 3), described signal processing unit can be provided with ultrasound echo signal passage, magnetic leakage signal passage, amplification filtering module, A/D converter and information handling system.
In step 4), described information handling system can adopt single-chip microcomputer, DSP, PC etc.
Described lift-off value H1 can be 1 ~ 4mm, and H2 is 0.2 ~ 3mm; Described electromagnetic ultrasonic signal excites in the gap that conventional Analysis of Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing Signals is sampled; Described pumping signal employing frequency is the sinusoidal wave pulse pumping signal of 50kHz ~ 2MHz; Described Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting element is magnet-sensitive element.
The present invention, in the ultimate principle of Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting, increases the EMAT excitation variable winding that can produce dynamic alternating magnetic field and the EMAT magnetic test coil receiving ultrasonic echo; Have employed a kind of scheme of probing redundancy, namely according to the feature of leakage field and electromagnetic acoustic two kinds of lossless detection methods, utilize two independent detection unit to detect to same defect.Utilize Lift-off effect and the ultrasonic echo measuring principle of electromagnetic acoustic, the depth information of defect is obtained from electromagnetic acoustic echoed signal, thus utilize two kinds of detection methods " complementarity " of information is provided, the basis of Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting realizes location that inside and outside parietal layer is secondary effectively, knows while realizing defect actual form and depth information.In addition, electromagnetic acoustic and Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting all belong to " noncontact " Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement, and the Non-Destructive Testing new technology that therefore two kinds of technology are composited is still " noncontact " type, can meet the actual requirement detected.The present invention also have structure simple, measure efficient and convenient, without the need to features such as couplants.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the Cleaning Principle figure of electromagnetic acoustic and leakage field compound; Wherein: thin direction line represents the magnetic line of force, and thick direction line represents the vertical incidence ultrasound wave of EMAT coil excitation.
Fig. 2 utilizes electromagnetic acoustic to detect defect principle schematic when being steel plate zero defect.
The signal waveform u-t figure that EMAT magnetic test coil when Fig. 3 is steel plate zero defect receives.In figure 3, u is the ultrasonic echo amplitude (mV) received, and t is time (μ s).
Fig. 4 is that defect utilizes when being positioned at steel plate inwall electromagnetic acoustic to detect defect principle schematic.
Fig. 5 is the signal waveform u-t figure that the EMAT magnetic test coil of defect when being positioned at steel plate inwall receives.In Figure 5, u is the ultrasonic echo amplitude (mV) received, and t is time (μ s).
Fig. 6 be defect be positioned at steel plate outer wall or inner time utilize electromagnetic acoustic to detect defect principle schematic.
Fig. 7 be defect be positioned at steel plate outer wall or inner time the signal waveform u-t figure that receives of EMAT magnetic test coil.In the figure 7, u is the ultrasonic echo amplitude (mV) received, and t is time (μ s).
Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 is for utilizing Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting defect schematic diagram.
In Fig. 1 ~ 9, be respectively labeled as: L-type magnetic core 1, permanent magnet 2, EMAT excitation variable winding 3, Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting element 4, steel plate 5, lift-off value H1, lift-off value H2 to be measured, scanning direction A, vertical incidence is ultrasonic involves echo B, magnetic line of force C.
Embodiment
Detection method provided by the invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the method pick-up unit schematic diagram.Pick-up unit of the present invention primarily of L-type magnetic core 1, permanent magnet 2, EMAT excitation variable winding 3(simultaneously also as EMAT magnetic test coil), Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting element 4 forms.Permanent magnet 2 is fixed on the thinner one end of L-type magnetic core.EMAT excitation variable winding 3 is fixed on immediately below permanent magnet 2, and is placed in above steel plate 5 to be measured with certain lift-off value H1.Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting element 4 is fixed on the centre at probe two ends, and is placed in above steel plate 5 to be measured with certain lift-off value H2.
The Cleaning Principle of the inventive method is in the ultimate principle of Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting, increase the EMAT excitation variable winding that can produce dynamic alternating magnetic field and the EMAT magnetic test coil receiving ultrasonic echo, utilize Lift-off effect and the ultrasonic echo measuring principle of electromagnetic acoustic, from electromagnetic acoustic echoed signal, obtain the depth information of defect, realize the location of inside and outside wall defect level.Again in conjunction with Analysis of Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing Signals, adopt conventional Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting analytical approach to know defect shape information, reach the object of reconstruction defect actual form and the degree of depth.
Electromagnetic acoustic detecting portion, as shown in Fig. 2 ~ 7, the vertical incidence ultrasound wave utilizing EMAT excitation variable winding 3 to excite detects tested steel plate 5.During zero defect, incident wave produces echo after encountering bottom surface, as shown in Figures 2 and 3; When defect is positioned at tested inner surface of steel plate, be equivalent to the lift-off value changing EMAT excitation variable winding, thus change the intensity that tested surface of steel plate forms eddy current, also the intensity of excited electromagnetic acoustic can obviously be affected, first echo amplitude that now EMAT magnetic test coil detects is less than first echo amplitude in zero defect situation, as Figure 4 and 5; When defect is positioned at tested steel plate outside surface or is inner, major effect be action time of ultrasonic echo, compared to zero defect situation, EMAT magnetic test coil will detect first ultrasonic echo in advance, as Fig. 6 and 7.The depth information that analyzing and processing can know defect is carried out by the signal obtained EMAT magnetic test coil.
Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting part, as shown in FIG. 8 and 9, when tested steel plate 5 magnetizes to state of saturation by permanent magnet, inside surface and external defects can inspire magnetic leakage signal, magnetic leakage signal is different because of the form difference of defect, and the Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting element 4 that can be placed in above inside surface detects.The compact arranged Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting element of a row is utilized to gather magnetic leakage signal, utilize conventional flux-leakage detection method to carry out the magnetic leakage signal collected shape information that analyzing and processing can know defect.
Because electromagnetic acoustic and leakage field require different to the direction of bias magnetic field, EMAT coil and the position of Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting element on sonde configuration also difference to some extent.Therefore, when popping one's head in scanning direction motion as shown in Figure 1, for same defect, the signal of Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting exists certain fixing delayed.This problem when detection signal aftertreatment, can be solved by the translation of signal time domain.After two kinds of signals are synchronous, by analyzing the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal and magnetic leakage signal that obtain, the just actual form of restructural defect and depth information, and effectively distinguish inside and outside wall defect.
Embodiment
Choose thickness be the Q235 steel plate of 8mm as detected object, permanent magnet selects long 50mm, wide 30mm, the N35 neodymium iron boron of thick 20mm.The broken line coil that EMAT excitation variable winding (simultaneously also as EMAT magnetic test coil) adopts P.e.c. (PCB) to make, pcb board is thick is 1mm, and live width is 0.5mm.Sonde configuration is placed in the top of steel plate to be measured with the lift-off value of 2mm, the Hall element by model being AH3503, as Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting element, measures the stray field of surface of steel plate with the lift-off value of 1mm.With certain detection speed (4m/min), Scanning Detction is carried out to steel plate.In EMAT excitation variable winding, the sinusoidal wave pulse signal of 1MHz is applied in the gap of Analysis of Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing Signals sampling, and with EMAT magnetic test coil detection of echoes signal.The magnetic leakage signal that the ultrasound echo signal detect EMAT magnetic test coil and Hall element detect carries out amplification filtering process after sending into different passage respectively, again the data after process are converted to after digital signal through A/D converter, send into respectively PC carry out process also over the display simultaneous display go out signal waveform.
During setting zero defect situation, the lower threshold A0 of first echo amplitude is 200mV, and receiving first echo time T0 used is 10 μ s.Compared with A0, T0 respectively by the amplitude A of detect first ultrasound echo signal and time T, if A<200mV, then defect is positioned at the inwall of steel plate; If T<10 μ is s, then defect is positioned at outer wall or the inside of steel plate.Again in conjunction with Analysis of Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing Signals, conventional flux-leakage detection method is utilized to know defect shape information, the actual form of restructural defect and the degree of depth.
Above-described embodiment is only used for further illustrating the detection method of a kind of electromagnetic acoustic of the present invention and leakage field compound; but the present invention is not limited to embodiment; everyly according to technical spirit of the present invention, any simple modification, equivalent variations and modification are done to above embodiment, all fall in the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. an electromagnetic acoustic and leakage field composite detection method, it is characterized in that adopting electromagnetic acoustic and leakage field combination detection device, described device is provided with magnetic core, permanent magnet, EMAT excitation variable winding, EMAT magnetic test coil, Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting element, described permanent magnet is fixed on the thinner one end of magnetic core, and EMAT excitation variable winding, EMAT magnetic test coil are fixed on immediately below permanent magnet and above steel plate to be measured; Described Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting element is fixed on the centre at electromagnetic acoustic and leakage field combination detection device two ends and is placed in above steel plate to be measured;
Described detection method comprises the following steps:
1) electromagnetic acoustic and leakage field combination detection device are placed in surface of steel plate to be measured, and by the lift-off value H1 of setting, Scanning Detction is carried out to steel plate to be measured, wherein, permanent magnet, EMAT excitation variable winding, EMAT magnetic test coil and steel plate to be measured form electromagnet ultrasonic changer, and electromagnet ultrasonic changer is that one encourages in the conductor and receives hyperacoustic transducing head;
2) in EMAT excitation variable winding, pumping signal is applied, thus the electromagnetic ultrasonic wave formed perpendicular to surface of steel plate incidence to be measured, electromagnetic acoustic wave direction steel plate opposite side to be measured is propagated, when running into steel plate outer wall to be measured, ultrasonic echo will be produced, meanwhile, under the effect of permanent magnet, steel plate to be measured to state of saturation, at this moment will be produced stray field at fault location by local magnetized;
3) by EMAT magnetic test coil pickup step 2) the middle ultrasonic echo produced, simultaneously, utilize Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting element with the lift-off value H2 of setting to step 2) in the stray field that produces measure, by pickup to ultrasound echo signal and the output signal of Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting element send in signal processing unit;
4) respectively the echoed signal sent in ultrasound echo signal passage and the magnetic leakage signal sent in magnetic leakage signal passage are amplified and filtering process, then the data after process are converted to after digital signal through A/D converter, send into information handling system respectively;
5) in information handling system, after the digital signal received is carried out analyzing and processing, the oscillogram of ultrasound echo signal and magnetic leakage signal is obtained, because signal is asynchronous, by reaching the object of two kinds of signal simultaneous displays to the translation of magnetic leakage signal time domain;
6) further by step 5) in the signal waveform image of two kinds of different information of reflection defect after process be processed into may be displayed on same interface synchronizing signal display over the display, set the lower threshold A0 of first echo amplitude and receive the lower threshold T0 of first echo time used;
7) under the prerequisite having magnetic leakage signal, ultrasound echo signal image is analyzed, the amplitude A of obtain first echoed signal and time T used and setting threshold value A 0 and T0 are compared; If A<A0, then defect is positioned at the inwall of steel plate; If T<T0, then defect is positioned at outer wall or the inside of steel plate; Again by the analysis to magnetic leakage signal image, conventional Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting analytical approach is adopted to obtain the shape information of defect, thus the location with inside and outside parietal layer time of knowing of defect actual form can be realized simultaneously, reconstruct defect actual form and the degree of depth, complete once to the detection of defect.
2. a kind of electromagnetic acoustic as claimed in claim 1 and leakage field composite detection method, is characterized in that described magnetic core adopts L-type magnetic core or U-shaped magnetic core.
3. a kind of electromagnetic acoustic as claimed in claim 1 and leakage field composite detection method, is characterized in that in step 1) in, described EMAT excitation variable winding and EMAT magnetic test coil are made by two coils respectively, or are a transmitting-receiving integrated coil.
4. a kind of electromagnetic acoustic as claimed in claim 1 and leakage field composite detection method, is characterized in that in step 1) in, described lift-off value H1 is 1 ~ 4mm.
5. a kind of electromagnetic acoustic as claimed in claim 1 and leakage field composite detection method, is characterized in that in step 2) in, described pumping signal employing frequency is the sinusoidal wave pulse pumping signal of 50kHz ~ 2MHz.
6. a kind of electromagnetic acoustic as claimed in claim 1 and leakage field composite detection method, it is characterized in that in step 3) in, described signal processing unit is provided with ultrasound echo signal passage, magnetic leakage signal passage, amplification filtering module, A/D converter and information handling system.
7. a kind of electromagnetic acoustic as claimed in claim 1 and leakage field composite detection method, is characterized in that in step 3) in, described lift-off value H2 is 0.2 ~ 3mm.
8. a kind of electromagnetic acoustic as claimed in claim 1 and leakage field composite detection method, is characterized in that in step 3) in, described Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting element is magnet-sensitive element.
9. a kind of electromagnetic acoustic as claimed in claim 1 and leakage field composite detection method, is characterized in that in step 4) in, described information handling system adopts single-chip microcomputer, DSP or PC.
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| CN103217481A (en) * | 2013-04-02 | 2013-07-24 | 厦门大学 | Magnetoacoustic tomography-with-magnetic-induction probe applying magnetostriction |
| CN103353479B (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2016-10-19 | 厦门大学 | The detection method that a kind of electromagnetic acoustic longitudinal wave guide is compound with Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting |
| CN103353478B (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2016-02-03 | 厦门大学 | The compound lossless detection method of a kind of magnetosonic imaging and leakage field imaging |
| CN105092701B (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2018-09-11 | 广州丰谱信息技术有限公司 | Electromagnetic acoustic detection system and method based on electromechanical mixing frequency modulation cumulative irradiation |
| CN105181791B (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2017-07-28 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of volume defect lossless detection method being combined based on impulse eddy current and electromagnetic acoustic |
| CN106448187B (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2022-09-23 | 苏州大学 | Vehicle detection system and method based on fusion of magnetic sensor and ultrasonic sensor |
| CN107064289B (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2024-03-29 | 中特检科技发展(北京)有限公司 | Method, device and system for multi-mode electromagnetic ultrasonic and magnetic leakage detection and sensor |
| CN111480072A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2020-07-31 | 埃克森美孚研究工程公司 | Method of using a non-destructive material inspection system |
| CN110068609A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-07-30 | 中国计量大学 | A kind of compound bearing device inside fault detection system of the ultrasonic accurate measurement of leakage field Rough Inspection combination |
| CN110579528B (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2023-01-31 | 山东电力工业锅炉压力容器检验中心有限公司 | ACFM probe and method for detecting GIS shell D-type weld joint |
| CN113311073B (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2022-12-02 | 武汉科技大学 | Electromagnetic ultrasonic sound time measuring method and system |
| CN113866261B (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2023-09-26 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Steel plate defect measuring device and method |
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| CN1865976A (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2006-11-22 | 清华大学 | Large-area steel plate defect flux-leakage detection method |
| CN102159944A (en) * | 2008-06-27 | 2011-08-17 | Pii(加拿大)有限公司 | Integrated multi-sensor non-destructive testing |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1865976A (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2006-11-22 | 清华大学 | Large-area steel plate defect flux-leakage detection method |
| CN102159944A (en) * | 2008-06-27 | 2011-08-17 | Pii(加拿大)有限公司 | Integrated multi-sensor non-destructive testing |
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