CN102666613B - 含有氮丙啶基-环氧交联体系的丙烯酸类压敏粘合剂 - Google Patents
含有氮丙啶基-环氧交联体系的丙烯酸类压敏粘合剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102666613B CN102666613B CN201080052888.3A CN201080052888A CN102666613B CN 102666613 B CN102666613 B CN 102666613B CN 201080052888 A CN201080052888 A CN 201080052888A CN 102666613 B CN102666613 B CN 102666613B
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Abstract
本发明描述了一种包含酸官能化(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物和交联体系的预粘合剂组合物,所述交联体系包含氮丙啶交联剂和环氧官能化(甲基)丙烯酰单体。所述预粘合剂组合物在交联时形成压敏粘合剂和压敏粘合剂制品。
Description
相关专利申请的交叉引用
本专利申请要求2009年11月23日提交的美国临时专利申请No.61/263422的优先权,所述专利申请的公开内容全文以引用方式并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及压敏粘合剂和由其制备的胶带制品。胶带的特征在于其表现出粘合与内聚特性的综合平衡和异乎寻常的承载能力。
背景技术
压敏胶带在住宅和工作场所中几乎随处可见。按其最简单的构造,压敏胶带包括粘合剂和背衬,整体构造在使用温度下是有粘性的,并且只用适度的压力便可以粘附于多种基底以形成粘结。按此方式,压敏胶带构成了完整自持的粘结系统。
根据压敏胶带委员会(Pressure-Sensitive Tape Council),已知压敏粘合剂(PSA)具有包括如下的性能:(1)强力和持久的粘性,(2)用手指轻压便可以粘着,(3)有足够的能力保持在粘附体上面,和(4)有足够的内聚强度,从而可以从粘附体上干净地去除。已发现的可很好地用作PSA的材料包括经设计和配制以表现出所需粘弹特性的聚合物,所述粘弹特性可实现所期望的粘着力、剥离粘附力与剪切保持力的平衡。PSA的特征在于通常在室温(例如20℃)下是发粘的。PSA不包括仅是具有粘性或能够附着到某种表面上的组合物。
这些要求通常借助于被设计用来单独地测量粘性、粘附力(剥离强度)和内聚力(剪切保持力)的测试来进行评定,如A.V.Pocius在“Adhesion and Adhesives Technology:An Introduction”(粘附力和粘合剂技术:简介)第2版,Hanser Gardner Publication,Cincinnati,OH,2002中所指出的。这些量度合在一起构成了通常用于表征PSA的诸性质的平衡。
随着多年来压敏胶带使用的扩展,对性能的要求变得更加苛刻。例如,原来预期用于在室温下支承适度负载的应用的剪切保持能力,现已在操作温度和负载方面对于许多应用而言大幅度提高。所谓的高性能压敏胶带是那些在高温下能够支撑负载达10,000分钟的压敏胶带。一般是通过交联PSA来实现剪切保持能力的提高,但必须相当小心,以便保持高水平的粘着力和粘附力,从而保持前述的性能平衡。
对于丙烯酸系粘合剂而言有两种主要的交联机理:多官能烯键式不饱和基团与其他单体的自由基共聚作用,和通过诸如丙烯酸之类的官能单体的共价或离子交联。另一种方法是使用UV交联剂(如可共聚的二苯甲酮)或后加入的光交联剂(如多官能二苯甲酮和三嗪)。过去使用多种不同的材料作为交联剂,例如多官能丙烯酸酯、苯乙酮、二苯甲酮和三嗪。然而,上述交联剂有着某些缺点,这些缺点包括如下中的一者或多者:高挥发性;与某些聚合物系统不相容;产生腐蚀性或毒性副产物;产生不期望的颜色;需要单独的光敏化合物来引发交联反应;以及对氧的高度敏感性。
发明内容
简言之,本发明提供了一种包含酸官能化(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物和交联体系的预粘合剂组合物,所述交联体系包含a)氮丙啶交联剂和b)环氧官能化(甲基)丙烯酰单体,其在交联时便形成压敏粘合剂组合物。
与使用(甲基)丙烯酸类粘合剂用的常规交联剂相比,使用改新型交联体系可提供许多优点。这些优点包括但不限于:可交联组合物对氧的敏感性降低;避免发展出任何毒性或腐蚀性副产物或最终产品变色;以及用作固化后交联添加剂的能力。此外,包含氮丙啶交联剂和环氧官能化(甲基)丙烯酰单体的交联体系相对于此前所述的试剂具有以下优点:容易合成、组分单体或有机溶剂中的高溶解度、以及原料成本低。此外,固化粘合剂具有高剥离强度、和高内聚强度、以及高温度剪切强度。
在一个方面,本发明提供一种新型预粘合剂浆料聚合物组合物,其包含a)酸官能化(甲基)丙烯酸酯溶质共聚物、b)至少一种自由基聚合型溶剂单体、c)氮丙啶交联剂和d)环氧官能化(甲基)丙烯酰单体。可以聚合及交联所述预粘合剂浆料聚合物组合物以制备压敏粘合剂。
在另一个实施例中,本发明提供一种预粘合剂乳液,其包含酸官能化(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物的水性乳液、氮丙啶交联剂和环氧官能化(甲基)丙烯酰单体。该预粘合剂乳液可进行涂布和交联以形成压敏粘合剂。在一个相关的实施例中,本发明提供一种粘合剂乳液,其包含酸官能化(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物、氮丙啶交联剂和环氧官能化(甲基)丙烯酰单体的反应产物的水性乳液,该水性乳液可进行涂布和固化以形成压敏粘合剂。
由于环境方面的原因,希望在涂布过程中避开使用挥发性的有机溶剂(VOC),而倾向于使用更环保的水基材料,因此本发明提供包含上述水性乳液的水性粘合剂。由于成本、环境、安全和监管的原因,水性体系是理想的。水性体系容易涂布,在固化时形成压敏粘合剂。
本发明的压敏粘合剂(交联的组合物)具有所需的粘着性、剥离粘附力和剪切保持力的平衡,并且进一步符合Dahlquist标准;即在应用温度(通常为室温)下粘合剂在1Hz频率下的模量低于3×106达因/cm。
在一些实施例中,本发明提供一种衍生自可再生资源的粘合剂组合物。具体地讲,本发明提供部分地衍生自植物材料的粘合剂组合物。在一些实施例中,本发明还提供了粘合剂制品,其中基底或背衬也衍生自可再生资源。油价的增加以及同时增加的石油衍生产品的价格,已导致许多粘合剂产品的价格和供应不稳定。希望用衍生自可再生资源(例如植物)的那些原料取代全部或部分的石油基原料,因为这些材料相对便宜,并因此在经济上和社会上都是有益的。因此,对这些衍生自植物的材料的需要已变得日益显著。
在本专利申请中,“预粘合剂”是指包含酸官能化(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物和交联体系的溶液、悬浮液、或乳液,所述交联体系包含氮丙啶交联剂。所述“预粘合剂”可进行交联以形成压敏粘合剂。
“浆料聚合物”是指溶质聚合物在一种或多种溶剂单体中的溶液,该溶液在22℃下的粘度为500至10,000厘泊。“溶液聚合物”是指溶质聚合物在一种或多种有机溶剂中的溶液。
如本文所用,“(甲基)丙烯酰”包括(甲基)丙烯酸酯和(甲基)丙烯酰胺。
在本专利申请中,(甲基)丙烯酸类包括甲基丙烯酸类和丙烯酸类两者。
如本文所用,“烷基”包括直链、支链和环状烷基基团,且包括未取代的和取代的烷基基团。除非另外指明,否则所述烷基基团通常包含1至20个碳原子。本文所使用的“烷基”的例子包括(但不限于)甲基、乙基、正丙基、正丁基、正戊基、异丁基、叔丁基、异丙基、正辛基、正庚基、乙基己基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、金刚烷基和降冰片基等等。除非另外指明,否则烷基基团可为一价或多价的。
如本文所用,术语“杂烷基”包括具有一个或多个独立地选自S、O和N的杂原子的直链、支链和环状烷基基团,并包括未取代的和取代的烷基基团。除非另外指明,否则杂烷基基团通常包含1至20个碳原子。“杂烷基”是下文所述“包含一个或多个S、N、O、P、或Si原子的烃基”的子集。本文所使用的“杂烷基”的例子包括(但不限于)甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、3,6-二氧杂庚基、3-(三甲基甲硅烷基)-丙基、4-二甲基氨基丁基等等。除非另外指明,否则杂烷基基团可为一价或多价的。
如本文所用,“芳基”是包含6-18个环原子的芳族基团并且可以包含任选的稠环,稠环可以是饱和的、不饱和的或芳族的。芳基基团的例子包括苯基、萘基、联苯、菲基和蒽基。杂芳基为包含1-3个诸如氮、氧或硫之类的杂原子的芳基并且可以包含稠环。杂芳基基团的一些例子为吡啶基、呋喃基、吡咯基、噻吩基、噻唑基、噁唑基、咪唑基、吲哚基、苯并呋喃基和苯并噻唑基。除非另外指明,否则芳基基团和杂芳基基团可以是一价或多价的。
如本文所用,“(杂)烃基”包括烃基即烷基基团和芳基基团,和杂烃基即杂烷基基团和杂芳基基团,后者包含一个或多个链(链中)杂原子如醚或氨基基团。杂烃基可以任选地包含一个或多个链(链中)官能团,所述官能团包括酯、酰胺、尿素、氨基甲酸酯和碳酸酯官能团。除非另外指明,否则非聚合(杂)烃基基团通常包含1至60个碳原子。除了以上对于“烷基”、“杂烷基”、“芳基”和“杂芳基”所述的那些外,本文所使用的这种杂烃基的一些例子包括(但不限于)甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、4-二苯基氨基丁基、2-(2'-苯氧基乙氧基)乙基、3,6-二氧杂庚基、3,6-二氧杂己基-6-苯基。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种包含酸官能化(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物和交联体系的预粘合剂组合物,所述交联体系包含氮丙啶交联剂和环氧官能化(甲基)丙烯酰单体,所述预粘合剂组合物在交联时形成压敏粘合剂和压敏粘合剂制品。
可用于制备酸官能化(甲基)丙烯酸酯粘合剂共聚物的(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体为非叔醇的单体(甲基)丙烯酸酯,所述醇含有1至14个碳原子,优选平均含4至12个碳原子。
适合用作(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体的单体例子包括丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸与非叔醇的酯,所述非叔醇为例如乙醇、1-丙醇、2-丙醇、1-丁醇、2-丁醇、1-戊醇、2-戊醇、3-戊醇、2-甲基-1-丁醇、3-甲基-1-丁醇、1-己醇、2-己醇、2-甲基-1-戊醇、3-甲基-1-戊醇、2-乙基-1-丁醇、3,5,5-三甲基-1-己醇、3-庚醇、1-辛醇、2-辛醇、异辛醇、2-乙基-1-己醇、1-癸醇、2-丙基庚醇、1-十二醇、1-十三醇、1-十四醇、香茅醇、二氢香茅醇等等。在一些实施例中,优选的(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体是(甲基)丙烯酸与丁醇或异辛醇或它们的组合所成的酯,不过两种或更多种不同的(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体的组合也是合适的。在一些实施例中,优选的(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体是(甲基)丙烯酸与衍生自可再生资源的醇(如2-辛醇、香茅醇、二氢香茅醇)所成的酯。
在一些实施例中,希望(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体包括高Tg(玻璃化转变温度)单体,具有至少25℃、并且优选至少50℃的Tg。合适的高Tg单体包括可用于本发明的合适的单体的例子,所述例子包括但不限于:丙烯酸叔丁基酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸异丙酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸异丁酯、甲基丙烯酸仲丁酯、甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯、甲基丙烯酸十八烷酯、甲基丙烯酸苯酯、甲基丙烯酸环己酯、丙烯酸异冰片酯、甲基丙烯酸异冰片酯、甲基丙烯酸苄酯、丙烯酸3,3,5三甲基环己基酯、丙烯酸环己酯、N-辛基丙烯酰胺、和甲基丙烯酸丙酯或组合。
以用于制备聚合物的100份总单体重量计,(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体的存在量为85至99.5重量份。优选的是,按100份总单体重量计,(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体的存在量为90至95重量份。在包含高Tg单体时,共聚物可以包含85至99.5重量份(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体组分的最多30重量份、优选最多20重量份的该种单体。在此类实施例中,共聚物可以包含:
i.55至69.5重量份的非叔醇的(甲基)丙烯酸酯;
ii 1至30重量份的(甲基)丙烯酸酯,其Tg大于25℃;
iii.0.5至15重量份的酸官能化烯键式不饱和单体;
iv.0至10重量份的非酸官能烯键式不饱和极性单体;
v.0至5份的乙烯基单体,和
vi.0至5份的多官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯;
以上均以100重量份总单体计。
所述聚合物还包含酸官能化单体,其中酸官能团可以是酸本身,如羧酸,或者一部分可以是其盐,如碱金属羧酸盐。可用的酸官能化单体包括(但不限于)选自烯键式不饱和羧酸、烯键式不饱和磺酸、烯键式不饱和膦酸以及它们的混合物的那些单体。这种化合物的例子包括选自丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、衣康酸、富马酸、巴豆酸、柠康酸、马来酸、油酸、(甲基)丙烯酸β-羧乙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-磺乙酯、苯乙烯磺酸、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸、乙烯基膦酸以及它们的混合物的那些。
出于可获性的原因,酸官能化共聚物的酸官能化单体通常选自烯键式不饱和羧酸,即(甲基)丙烯酸。当需要更强的酸时,酸性单体包括烯键式不饱和磺酸和烯键式不饱和膦酸。按100重量份总单体计,酸官能化单体通常以0.5至15重量份、优选0.5至10重量份的含量使用。
可用于制备共聚物的极性单体多少有些油溶性且多少有些水溶性,从而导致极性单体在乳液聚合中分布在水相与油相之间。如本文所用,术语“极性单体”不包括酸官能化单体。
合适的极性单体的代表性例子包括但不限于:(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟乙酯;N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮;N-乙烯基己内酰胺;丙烯酰胺;一-或二-N-烷基取代的丙烯酰胺;叔丁基丙烯酰胺;二甲基氨乙基丙烯酰胺;N-辛基丙烯酰胺;聚(烷氧基烷基)(甲基)丙烯酸酯,其包括(甲基)丙烯酸2-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙氧基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙氧基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯、聚乙二醇一(甲基)丙烯酸酯;烷基乙烯基醚,其包括乙烯基甲醚;以及它们的混合物。优选的极性单体包括选自(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟乙酯和N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮的那些。按100重量份总单体计,极性单体的存在量可以为0至10重量份、优选为0.5至5重量份。
当使用时,可用于(甲基)丙烯酸酯聚合物的乙烯基单体包括乙烯基酯(例如乙酸乙烯酯和丙酸乙烯酯)、苯乙烯、取代的苯乙烯(例如α-甲基苯乙烯)、乙烯基卤化物以及它们的混合物。如本文所用,乙烯基单体不包括酸官能化单体、丙烯酸酯单体和极性单体。按100重量份总单体计,这些乙烯基单体通常以0至5重量份,优选1至5重量份的量使用。
为了提高涂覆的粘合剂组合物的内聚强度,可将多官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯掺入到可聚合单体的共混物中。多官能丙烯酸酯特别可用于乳液或浆料聚合。可用的多官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯的例子包括但不限于二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三(甲基)丙烯酸酯和四(甲基)丙烯酸酯,如1,6-己二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚(乙二醇)二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚丁二烯二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯二(甲基)丙烯酸酯和丙氧基化甘油三(甲基)丙烯酸酯以及它们的混合物。多官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯的量和种类取决于粘合剂组合物的应用来定制。通常,按粘合剂组合物的总干重计,多官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯以小于5份的量存在。更具体地讲,按100份粘合剂组合物的总单体计,交联剂以0.01至5份、优选0.05至1份的量存在。在一些实施例中,交联组合物不包含多官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯。
除了(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物之外,粘合剂组合物还包含氮丙啶交联剂。氮丙啶交联剂的加入量通常是,相对于100份共聚物为0.005至5.0重量份的氮丙啶交联剂。
氮丙啶交联剂具有如下通式:
其中,
R1为H或C1-C4烷基;
z为0、1或2
R2为H或C1-C4烷基;
R3为(杂)烃基基团:
X1为–O-或–NR1-;
Z为–H或水增溶性基团。
在一些实施例中,Z为氢并且R3-Z代表烃基即烷基或芳基。
在其他实施例中,Z为水增溶性基团,由此衍生的预粘合剂组合物特别适用于乳液粘合剂聚合物应用。术语“水增溶性基团”是指有助于使交联剂(以及后来的粘合剂共聚物)在水中增溶或分散的官能团。术语“水溶性”表示在环境温度下,交联剂可溶于水的浓度为至少0.1重量%,优选为0.5重量%。术语“水分散性”表示可以制成交联剂在水中的至少0.1重量%的分散体,且在没有另外存在乳化剂的情况下,所述分散体可稳定至少1小时,优选可稳定至少4小时。
在一些实施例中,氮丙啶交联剂包含Z;水增溶性基团或能够形成水增溶性基团的基团,从而获得可在水中自乳化的反应产物。合适的水增溶性基团包括阳离子基团、阴离子基团和两性离子基团以及非离子型水增溶性基团。在水中能够形成水增溶基团的基团例子包括在水中有可能被质子化的基团,如氨基,特别是叔氨基。
水增溶基团Z可以是阳离子型、阴离子型或非离子型水增溶基团。应该理解的是,任何水增溶基团的离子性都受乳液pH值的影响,即,羧酸基团在低pH下可以是非离子型的,而在高pH下是离子型的。
在式II的一些实施例中,Z可以是Z1,其中Z1是选自铵基团、基团、锍基团、羧酸根、磺酸根、磷酸根、膦酸根或次膦酸根基团的离子型水增溶基团。此类基团可以表示为-CO2M、-OSO3M、-SO3M、-OPO3M、-PO(OM)2、-NR2HX、-NR3X、-NRH2X、和-NH3X,其中M为H或诸如钠、钾、钙和NR3H+之类的单价或二价可溶性阳离子;X是可溶性阴离子,例如选自卤离子、氢氧根离子、羧酸根离子、磺酸根离子等的那些;R选自苯基、脂环族基团或具有约1至约12个碳原子的直链或支链脂族基团。优选R是具有1至4个碳原子的低级烷基基团。
非离子型水增溶基团的典型例子是羟基基团和聚(氧化烯)基团。聚(氧化烯)基团中的氧化烯单元优选具有2或3个碳原子,如-OCH2CH2-、-OCH2CH2CH2-和-OCH(CH3)CH2-,聚(氧化烯)基团中的氧化烯单元可以是相同的,如在聚(氧乙烯)中的那样,或者以混合物的形式存在,如在直链或支链或随机分布的氧乙烯和氧丙烯单元中的那样,或者如在直链或支链的氧乙烯单元嵌段和氧丙烯单元嵌段中的那样,只要聚(氧化烯)基团保持水溶性或水分散性即可。特别优选的聚(氧化烯)基团是分子量多达约1500的聚氧乙烯和烷氧基聚氧乙烯。优选地,聚(氧化烯)中的氧化烯单元数介于2和120之间,更优选地介于2和48之间。参照式II,Z为Z2,其中Z2为聚(氧化烯)基团。
可以采用美国专利U.S.3,243,429(Ham)中所述的一般程序,通过氮丙啶化合物和丙烯酰化合物的Michael加成制备氮丙啶交联剂,如下列方案I中所示:
或者,可以通过将氮丙啶化合物Michael加成到丙烯酰化合物,然后通过酯交换反应或转酰胺基作用制备式I的化合物,如下列方案II中所示:
其中在方案II中,“OR6”表示离去基团,例如烷氧基。
交联体系还包含由下式表示的环氧官能化(甲基)丙烯酰单体:
其中
R2为-H或-CH3;
X1为-NR1-或-O-,其中R1为H或C1-C4烷基;以及
R5为含环氧的烃基基团。
环氧官能化(甲基)丙烯酰单体可为如上文所定义的任何合适的单体,并且可如上文所定义的方式被取代。优选地,R5基团基于2-30个碳的包含环氧乙烷(环氧)基的直链、支链、环状或多环烃类。更优选地,R5基团包含3-10个碳,例如甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)。一些实施例包含环氧环己基,例如3,4-环氧环己基甲基(甲基)丙烯酸酯和3-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)苯基丙烯酸酯、2-[4-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)苯基]-2-(4-丙烯酰氧基-苯基)丙烷、4-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)环己基丙烯酸酯、2,3-环氧环己基丙烯酸酯、和以EbecrylTM3605从Rad-Cure Corp.(Fairfield,N.J.)商购获得的聚(双酚-A二缩水甘油醚)的丙烯酸单酯,以及具有根据下式的R5的物质:
-[(CH2)5C(O)O]n-CH2-环氧环己基,其中n为0至10并且优选1-4。可用于本发明的环氧官能化(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体包括以EbecrylTM3605从Rad-Cure Corp.(Fairfield,N.J.)商购获得的聚(双酚-A二缩水甘油醚)的丙烯酸单酯,以及包含(甲基)丙烯酸、己内酯或戊内酯或环辛酮内酯、和环氧化环己烷衍生物(例如,3,4-环氧环己基甲醇、3,4-环氧环己烷羧酸、和4,5-环氧环己烷-1,2-二羧酸)的聚酯。
一些优选的环氧单体由下式表示:
其中
R7为(杂)烃基基团,优选烃基基团;
R1为–H或–CH3;
X1为-NR1-或-O-,其中R1是H或C1-C4烷基
环氧官能化(甲基)丙烯酰单体的用量通常最多为等当量的氮丙啶组分的化学计量。更一般地说,相对于100重量份所述第一组分酸官能化丙烯酸系共聚物,环氧官能化(甲基)丙烯酰单体的用量通常为0.005至5.0重量份。
据信氮丙啶基团与酸官能化(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物的侧酸官能团反应,形成如方案III中所示的羧亚乙基氨基键。在一个实施例中,中间体可以具有如下结构,其中未显示任选的单体单元和未反应的(游离)酸官能化单体单元。还据信衍生自氮丙啶开环的仲氮原子进而添加到环氧官能化(甲基)丙烯酰单体的环氧基团。可以看出,仲氮原子的反应可提供侧丙烯酰基团,随后该侧丙烯酰基团可发生交联。应该理解的是,R1基团可以在所指的碳上,或者连接于与酯氧原子相邻的碳上,这取决于氮丙啶基团的开环方式。
方案III
可通过任何常规的自由基聚合方法制备酸官能化共聚物,这些方法包括溶液法、辐射法、本体法、分散法、乳液法及悬浮液法。(甲基)丙烯酸酯聚合物可以经由如以下专利所公开的悬浮聚合法来制备:美国专利No.3,691,140(Silver);No.4,166,152(Baker等人);No.4,636,432(Shibano等人);4,656,218(Kinoshita);以及5,045,569(Delgado)。各描述了粘合剂组合物,将对聚合方法的描述以引用方式并入本文。
可用于制备酸官能化共聚物的水溶性和油溶性引发剂为当暴露于热时产生引发单体混合物的(共)聚合的自由基的引发剂。对于通过乳液聚合作用来制备(甲基)丙烯酸酯聚合物而言,水溶性引发剂是优选的。当使用时,按100重量份的单体组分计,引发剂可以占酸官能化共聚物的约0.05至约1重量份,优选地约0.1至约0.5重量份。
合适的水溶性引发剂包括但不限于选自下列的那些:过硫酸钾、过硫酸铵、过硫酸钠以及它们的混合物;氧化-还原引发剂如上述过硫酸盐和还原剂(如选自焦亚硫酸钠和亚硫酸氢钠的那些)的反应产物;和4,4'-偶氮双(4-氰基戊酸)以及其可溶性盐(如钠盐、钾盐)。优选的水溶性引发剂为过硫酸钾。合适的油溶性引发剂包括但不限于选自下列的那些:偶氮化合物(如VAZOTM64(2,2'-偶氮双(异丁腈))、VAZOTM67(2,2'偶氮双(2-甲基丁腈))、和VAZOTM52(2,2'-偶氮双(2,4-二甲基戊腈)),可得自E.I.du Pont de Nemours Co.)、过氧化物(如过氧化苯甲酰和过氧化月桂酰)以及它们的混合物。优选的油溶性热引发剂是2,2'-偶氮双-(2,4-二甲基戊腈)。
可共聚的乳液混合物可任选还包含链转移剂以控制所得聚合物的分子量。可用的链转移剂的例子包括但不限于选自四溴化碳、醇、硫醇以及它们的混合物的那些链转移剂。当存在链转移剂时,优选的链转移剂为巯基乙酸异辛酯和四溴化碳。如果使用链转移剂的话,按100重量份的总单体混合物计,乳液混合物还可以包含最多约0.5重量份链转移剂,通常为约0.01至约0.5重量份,优选约0.05重量份至约0.2重量份。
经由乳化技术的酸官能化共聚物的聚合可能需要乳化剂(也可称为乳化试剂或表面活性剂)存在。适用于本发明的乳化剂包括选自阴离子型表面活性剂、阳离子型表面活性剂、非离子型表面活性剂的那些以及它们的混合物。
优选地,在有阴离子表面活性剂存在的条件下进行乳液聚合。按乳液压敏粘合剂的所有单体的总重量计,乳化剂浓度的可用范围为约0.5至约8重量%,优选为约1至约5重量%。
可以通过间歇、连续或半连续的乳液聚合方法制备酸官能化(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物。聚合通常包括以下步骤:
(a)制备单体预混物,其包含:
(i)(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体,
(ii)酸官能化单体;
(iii)任选的极性单体,
(iv)任选的乙烯基单体,
(v)任选的多官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯;
(vi)任选的链转移剂;
(b)将所述预混物与水相合并,而该水相包含:
(i)水,
(ii)表面活性剂,其选自阴离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂、阳离子表面活性剂、两性表面活性剂、高分子表面活性剂、以及它们的混合物,
(iii)自由基引发剂,优选水溶性引发剂,
(c)同时搅拌并且加热所述乳液至约30℃至约80℃的温度,并让所述单体在水包油乳液中聚合直至形成聚合乳胶。应当理解,也可以使用其他混合物。例如,可以在水溶液中添加酸官能化单体或其他亲水单体。此外,一旦制备好乳液混合物,那些单体可以根据其各自的分配系数在油相与水相之间分配。应当理解,单体预混物还可以包含氮丙啶。或者,可以向现有聚合物中添加氮丙啶。
在此共聚物的制备中可以使用中和剂。它可以以足够中和聚合物的全部或一部分酸基团的量来采用。通过使用碱金属氢氧化物或碱金属氢氧化物与少量的另一种中和剂的组合来实现中和作用。本领域的技术人员将会理解,可以使用很多种类的其他中和剂。其他中和剂的选择以及采用量可加以改变以实现所需的结果。然而,所选择的类型和量必须不会使粘合剂变为不可分散的。优选的是,将氢氧化铵、氢氧化钠和氢氧化钾用作中和剂。
制备酸官能化(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物的一个替代方法包括使单体部分地聚合以产生包含酸官能化(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物和未聚合单体的浆料聚合物。把浆料聚合物组合物聚合到可用的涂布粘度,使之可以被涂布到基底(如胶带背衬)上并进一步聚合。部分聚合可提供酸官能化(甲基)丙烯酸酯溶质共聚物在一种或多种溶剂单体中的可涂布溶液。一般来讲,将包含氮丙啶和环氧官能化(甲基)丙烯酰单体的交联体系添加到部分聚合的组合物中,然后涂布到合适的基底上并进一步聚合。
对于浆料应用工艺来说,按100份总单体计,优选的单体混合物(第二组分)包含85至99.5重量份的一种或多种(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体、0.5至15重量份的酸官能化单体、0至10重量份的一种或多种第二非酸极性单体和0至约5重量份的其他乙烯基单体。
聚合可以在存在合适溶剂的情况下进行,或者优选在不存在合适溶剂的情况下进行,合适的溶剂是例如与浆料聚合物的各组分的官能团不起反应的乙酸乙酯、甲苯和四氢呋喃。
可以通过在光引发剂的存在下使浆料聚合物组合物暴露于能量来实现聚合。在例如使用电离辐射来引发聚合的情况下,能量活化的引发剂可能是不需要的。这些光引发剂可以每100重量份溶剂单体约0.0001至约3.0重量份、优选约0.001至约1.0重量份、更优选约0.005至约0.5重量份的浓度范围使用。
制备浆料聚合物的一个优选方法是光引发的自由基聚合。光聚合方法的优点在于1)不需要加热单体溶液,和2)当关掉活化光源时,光引发会完全停止。可以进行聚合使单体向聚合物的转化率高达约30%,以达到可涂布的粘度。当已经达到所需的转化率和粘度时,可以通过移开光源和通过往溶液里鼓泡通入空气(氧)以猝灭传播的自由基来终止聚合。可以按常规方式在非单体性溶剂中制备溶质聚合物并进行到高转化率(聚合度)。当使用溶剂(单体性或非单体性溶剂)时,可以在形成浆料聚合物之前或者之后除去溶剂(例如通过真空蒸馏)。此程序虽然是可接受的方法,但涉及高度转化的官能聚合物,因此并不是优选的,因为需要另外的溶剂去除步骤,可能需要别的材料(非单体性溶剂),并且高分子量且高度转化的溶质聚合物在单体混合物中的溶解可能需要相当长的一段时间。
可用的光引发剂包括安息香醚如安息香甲醚和安息香异丙醚;取代的苯乙酮如以商品名IrgacureTM651光引发剂(Ciba SpecialtyChemicals)获得的2,2-二甲氧基苯乙酮、以商品名EsacureTMKB-1光引发剂(Sartomer Co.;West Chester,PA)获得的2,2二甲氧基-2-苯基-l-苯乙酮,和二甲氧基羟基苯乙酮;取代的α-酮,如2-甲基-2-羟基苯丙酮;芳香族磺酰氯,如2-萘-磺酰氯;和光敏性肟,如1-苯基-1,2-丙二酮-2-(O-乙氧基-羰基)肟。这些当中特别优选的是取代的苯乙酮。
优选的光引发剂是能进行Norrish I裂解以产生自由基的光敏化合物,所述自由基可通过对丙烯酸系的双键的加成来进行引发。可以在共聚物已形成后向要被涂布的混合物中加入光引发剂,即,可以向浆料聚合物混合物中加入光引发剂。这种可聚合型光引发剂例如在美国专利No.5,902,836和No.5,506,279(Babu等人)中有描述。
可以用活化性UV辐射来照射浆料聚合物组合物和光引发剂以使单体组分聚合。UV光源可以有两种类型:1)光强较低的光源,例如黑光源(Blacklight),其在280至400纳米的波长范围内通常提供10mW/cm2或更小的强度(根据美国国家标准与技术(United StatesNational Institute of Standards and Technology)认可的程序,例如用由Electronic Instrumentation&Technology,Inc.(Sterling,VA)制造的UVIMAPTMUM 365L-S辐射计测量),以及2)光强较高的光源,例如中压汞灯,其通常提供大于10mW/cm2(优选的是15和450mW/cm2之间)的强度。在利用光化辐射使浆料聚合物组合物完全或部分地聚合的情况下,高强度和短暴露时间是优选的。例如,可以成功地使用600mW/cm2的强度和约1秒的暴露时间。强度范围可以为从约0.1至约150mW/cm2、优选地从约0.5至约100mW/cm2、并且更优选地从约0.5至约50mW/cm2。每100重量份的浆料聚合物组合物中,这种光引发剂的存在量优选为0.1至1.0重量份。
因此当光引发剂的消光系数低时,可以获得相对较厚的涂层(例如,至少约1密耳或25.4微米)。
如前所述,在照射期间可以通过测量聚合介质的折射率来监测转化率。转化率(即可用的已聚合单体的百分比)范围为最多30%、优选2-20%、更优选5-15%、最优选7-12%时,得到可用的涂料粘度。溶质聚合物的分子量(重均)为至少100,000,优选为至少500,000。
当制备酸官能化(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物时,有利的是在不到约70℃(优选在50℃或更低)的温度下以不到24小时、优选不到12小时、更优选不到6小时的反应时间使光引发的聚合反应进行到实质上完成,即,使单体组分耗尽。这些温度范围和反应速率能避免需要自由基聚合抑制剂,自由基聚合抑制剂通常被加入到丙烯酸系系统中以使丙烯酸系系统稳定化而不出现不期望的过早聚合及胶凝作用。此外,抑制剂的添加将增加外来物质,这些外来物质将一直存留在该体系中,会抑制浆料聚合物的所需的聚合和交联压敏粘合剂的形成。对于超过约6至10小时的反应期来说,在70℃及更高的操作温度下往往需要自由基聚合抑制剂。
在一些实施例中,酸官能化(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物可通过溶液法制得。一种典型溶液聚合法的进行方式是,向反应容器中加入单体、合适的溶剂和可选的链转移剂,加入自由基引发剂,用氮气吹扫,并保持反应容器在升高的温度(通常为约40至100℃)下,直到反应完成,通常为约1至20小时,这取决于批量大小和温度高低。溶剂的例子有甲醇、四氢呋喃、乙醇、异丙醇、丙酮、甲基乙基酮、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙二醇烷基醚。可以单独使用这些溶剂或使用它们的混合物。
优选将粘合剂组合物在制备后不久就进行涂布。无论粘合剂聚合物组合物(包含共聚物、单体和交联剂体系)是浆料还是溶液,通过常规的涂布技术都容易将其涂布到合适的基底(如柔性衬材)上,然后进一步聚合、固化或干燥,从而制得粘合剂涂布过的片材。当采用乳液聚合技术时,将包含现有的共聚物和交联剂体系的乳液涂布并干燥,从而制成涂布粘合剂的片材。柔性衬材可以是任何常规用作胶带背衬、光学膜的材料或任何其他柔性材料。
压敏粘合剂可以还含有一种或多种常规的添加剂。优选的添加剂包括增粘剂、增塑剂、染料、抗氧化剂和UV稳定剂。如果这类添加剂不影响乳液压敏粘合剂的优良性能,则可以使用。
如果使用增粘剂,那么按全部粘合剂聚合物的干重计,最多约50重量%、优选小于30重量%、更优选小于5重量%是合适的。在一些实施例中,可以不使用增粘剂。用于(甲基)丙烯酸酯聚合物分散体的合适的增粘剂包括松香酸、松香酯、萜烯酚醛树脂、烃树脂和香豆酮茚树脂。增粘剂的种类和量可影响诸如可接触性、粘结范围、粘合强度、抗热性和比粘附力之类的性质。
可以通过在适当的载体(如柔性背衬)上涂布粘合剂或预粘合剂组合物来制备粘合剂制品。可包含在柔性背衬中的材料的例子包括诸如聚乙烯、聚丙烯(包括等规聚丙烯)之类的聚烯烃,聚苯乙烯,聚酯,聚乙烯醇,聚(对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯),聚(对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯),聚(己内酰胺),聚(偏二氟乙烯),聚交酯,乙酸纤维素和乙基纤维素等。可用于本发明的市售背衬材料包括牛皮纸(可得自Monadnock Paper,Inc.);玻璃纸(可得自Flexel Corp.);纺粘聚(乙烯)和聚(丙烯),如TyvekTM和TyparTM(可得自DuPont,Inc.);以及从聚(乙烯)和聚(丙烯)获得的多孔膜,如TeslinTM(可得自PPG Industries,Inc.)和CellguardTM(可得自Hoechst-Celanese)。
背衬也可以用织物(诸如由合成或天然材料丝线形成的织造物,例如棉、尼龙、人造丝、玻璃、陶瓷材料等)或非织造织物(例如天然纤维、合成纤维或它们的共混物的气纺纤网)来制备。背衬还可以用金属、金属化聚合物薄膜、或陶瓷片状材料制成,可以制成通常周知的、使用压敏粘合剂组合物的任何制品(诸如标签、条带、招牌、覆盖件、标记等)的形状。
采用改进的适用于具体基底的常规的涂覆工艺,将上述组合物涂覆在基底上。例如,可以通过诸如辊涂、流涂、浸涂、旋涂、喷涂、刮涂和模涂之类的方法把这些组合物施加到多种固体基底。通过这些多种多样的涂覆方法,可以将这些组合物按照不同厚度涂覆在基底上,从而使得这些组合物得到更广泛的应用。涂层厚度可如之前所述改变。溶液可以具有适于后续涂布的任意所需的浓度和转化率,但通常在溶剂中为20重量%至70重量%的聚合物固体,更典型的是30重量%至50重量%的固体。乳液也可以具有适于后续涂布的任意所需的浓度,但通常为30重量%至70重量%的聚合物固体,并且通常含有小于2%的未反应的单体。浆料聚合物可以具有适于后续涂布的任意所需的浓度,但通常在单体中为5重量%至20重量%的聚合物固体。可以通过进一步稀释涂料组合物或者通过部分干燥来得到所需的浓度。
柔性载体也可以包括剥离型涂布基底。当提供粘附转移条带时,通常采用这种基底。剥离型涂布基底的例子是本领域中所熟知的,包括例如有机硅涂布的牛皮纸等。本发明的胶带中也可以包含本领域中已知的低粘附力的背衬(LAB)。
实例
测试方法:
剥离粘附力测试[ASTM D 3330/D 3330M-04]
用4.5磅辊在胶带条上滚动,将两条0.5英寸的胶带条粘附到玻璃板上。对两条胶带样本取平均。测得的力以每0.5英寸的盎司数计,台板移动速度为90和12英寸/分钟。然后将剥离粘附力数据归一化成牛顿/分米(N/dM),见下表。
剪切强度测试[ASTM D-3654/D 3654M 06、PSTC-7]
将0.5英寸胶带条藉其粘合剂粘附到不锈钢钢板上,并且对于室温剪切强度测试,切下0.5英寸×0.5英寸正方形试样,而对于70℃剪切强度测试,切下1.0英寸×0.5英寸矩形试样。用4.5磅的重物在粘附部分上滚动。对室温剪切强度测试,加1000g负荷。对70℃剪切强度测试,加500g负荷。每个样品都被悬挂至失效和/或测试结束为止。样品重复试验三次并取平均值,见下表。
材料
氮丙啶交联剂的制备
可以通过氮丙啶对丙烯酰基化合物的Michael加成制备氮丙啶交联剂。通常,使1.1至4当量的2-甲基氮丙啶与(甲基)丙烯酸酯或(甲基)丙烯酰胺混合,然后在室温下静置。减压除去过量的2-甲基氮丙啶,得到Michael加合物,所述Michael加合物不经进一步纯化就可使用。甲基丙烯酸酯和丙烯酰胺通常需要与1.1至4当量的2-甲基氮丙啶在约70℃下加热1至7天。
实例1-4和比较例C1、C2、C3和C4
往十六盎司(约473毫升)广口瓶中装入450g丙烯酸异辛酯(IOA,90份)、50g丙烯酸(AA,10份)和0.2g的2,2-二甲氧基-2-苯基苯乙酮光引发剂(Irgacure 651,0.04phr)。将单体混合物用氮气吹扫20分钟,然后暴露于低强度的紫外辐射,直到制成可涂布的浆料共聚物,此后再加入0.8g(0.16phr)光引发剂。
将预粘合剂聚合物浆料与各种浓度的氮丙啶交联剂和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共混,如表1所示。表1中的浓度按预粘合剂聚合物浆料的重量百分比计。然后把所述的各种浆料预粘合剂配方,在涂有Mitsubishi HostaphanTM底漆的聚酯膜上涂布2密耳(约50微米)厚的配方物,并在500mJ/cm2下进行固化。
出于比较目的,还制备并测定了不使用交联剂的对照实例(实例C1)、或使用异辛基氮丙啶作为交联剂的对照实例(在实例C2和C3中使用1.0和2.0phr)、或使用甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(在实例C4中使用0.2phr)作为交联剂的对照实例。按以上试验方法中所描述对由这些粘合剂制备的条带进行剥离粘附力和剪切强度的测量,数据示于表1。
表1.
断裂模式图例:(c)代表内聚,(po)代表爆脱。
检查表1中的数据可以看出,用IO-Az或GMA的一者单独对IOA/AA聚合物进行官能化(实例C1-C4),在室温和70℃下均不提供优异的剪切性能,但用IO-Az和GMA共同对聚合物进行官能化(实例1-4),就提供了优异的剪切性能,同时保持良好的剥离特性。
Claims (9)
1.一种可交联组合物,其包含:
a)第一组分酸官能化丙烯酸系共聚物,其包含:
i.85重量份至99重量份的非叔醇的(甲基)丙烯酸酯;
ii.1重量份至15重量份的酸官能化单体;
iii.0重量份至10重量份的第二非酸官能化极性单体;
iv.0份至5份的乙烯基单体,和
b)第二组分环氧官能化(甲基)丙烯酰单体;和
c)第三组分由下式表示的氮丙啶交联剂:
其中
R1为H或C1-C4烷基;
z为0、1或2;
R2为H或C1-C4烷基;
R3为(杂)烃基基团;
X1为–O-或–NR1-;
Z为–H或水增溶性基团。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可交联组合物,其中Z为水增溶性基团。
3.根据权利要求1所述的可交联组合物,其中所述环氧官能化(甲基)丙烯酰单体由下式表示:
其中
R2为H或C1-C4烷基;
X1为–O-或–NR1-,其中R1具有在权利要求1中给出的含义;并且
R5为含环氧的烃基基团。
4.根据权利要求1所述的可交联组合物,其包含相对于100重量份所述第一组分酸官能化丙烯酸系共聚物计的0.005重量份至5.0重量份氮丙啶交联剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的可交联组合物,其中所述环氧官能化(甲基)丙烯酰单体的用量最多为所述氮丙啶交联剂的化学计量当量。
6.根据权利要求1所述的可交联组合物,其中相对于100重量份所述第一组分酸官能化丙烯酸系共聚物计,所述环氧官能化(甲基)丙烯酰单体的用量为0.005重量份至5.0重量份。
7.根据权利要求1所述的可交联组合物,其中所述环氧官能化(甲基)丙烯酰单体由下式表示:
其中
R7为(杂)烃基基团;
R2为H或C1-C4烷基;
X1为-NR1-或–O-,其中R1为H或C1-C4烷基。
8.根据权利要求1所述的可交联组合物,其中所述共聚物包含1重量份至5重量份丙烯酸和1重量份至5重量份第二非酸官能化极性单体。
9.根据权利要求1所述的可交联组合物,其包含一种浆料聚合物,所述浆料聚合物包含:
a)第一组分酸官能化丙烯酸系共聚物,其包含:
i.85重量份至99重量份的非叔醇的(甲基)丙烯酸酯;
ii.1重量份至15重量份的酸官能化单体;
iii.0重量份至10重量份的第二非酸官能化极性单体;
iv.0份至5份乙烯基单体。
b)包含至少一种自由基聚合型溶剂单体的第二组分,
c)第三组分环氧官能化(甲基)丙烯酰单体;和
d)第四组分由下式表示的氮丙啶交联剂:
其中
R1为H或C1-C4烷基;
z为0、1或2;
R2为H或C1-C4烷基;
R3为(杂)烃基基团;
X1为–O-或–NR1-;
Z为–H或水增溶性基团。
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US61/263,422 | 2009-11-23 | ||
PCT/US2010/057138 WO2011063070A1 (en) | 2009-11-23 | 2010-11-18 | Acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives with aziridinyl-epoxy crosslinking system |
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EP (1) | EP2504369B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2013511597A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20120105479A (zh) |
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WO2011063070A1 (en) | 2011-05-26 |
US20110124797A1 (en) | 2011-05-26 |
KR20120105479A (ko) | 2012-09-25 |
EP2504369B1 (en) | 2014-12-17 |
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