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CN102658499B - Spindle thermal distortion compensation method for precision horizontal machining center - Google Patents

Spindle thermal distortion compensation method for precision horizontal machining center Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102658499B
CN102658499B CN201210118165.XA CN201210118165A CN102658499B CN 102658499 B CN102658499 B CN 102658499B CN 201210118165 A CN201210118165 A CN 201210118165A CN 102658499 B CN102658499 B CN 102658499B
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main shaft
spindle
error compensation
temperature
thermal
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CN102658499A (en
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赵万华
李旸
位文明
寸花英
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Shenji Group Kunming Machine Tool Co Ltd
Xian Jiaotong University
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Shenji Group Kunming Machine Tool Co Ltd
Xian Jiaotong University
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Abstract

A spindle thermal distortion compensation method for a precision horizontal machining center comprises the steps as follows: a spindle model of a machine tool is simplified structurally; an ANSYS (finite element analysis software)-Workbench is utilized to perform mesh generation on a spindle entity model that is simplified, so as to obtain a spindle finite element model; and boundary conditions are calculated by combining with the practical spindle rotational speed, the environmental temperature, the coolant velocity, the flow rate, the inlet and outlet oil temperature and the like, and configuration is performed. Thermodynamics analysis and statics analysis are carried out in the ANSYS-Workbench to obtain more accurate spindle temperature field distribution and thermal deformation. Based on a finite element emulation result, the spindle temperatures in different positions and the spindle thermal deformations are analyzed at different rotational speeds by utilizing the Spearman rank correlation analysis, and spindle thermal key points are found out, so that references are provided to spindle thermal error tests and thermal error compensation. Finally, a thermal error compensation model is built up by utilizing a least squares method according to the key point temperature of the spindle and the thermal errors in the practical tests. Based on the thermal error compensation model, the spindle thermal error compensation is carried out by combining with thermal error compensation strategies of a numerical control system of the machine tool.

Description

A kind of precise horizontal machining center main shaft thermal error compensation method
Technical field
The invention belongs to precise horizontal machining center process, specially refer to precise horizontal machining center main shaft thermal error compensation method, comprise axis system temperature field and thermal deformation finite element simulation computational methods, warm key point system of selection, hot error testing and modeling method, and heat error compensation implementation method.
Background technology
Main shaft is as the critical component of lathe, and the quality of its performance directly affects machine finish, stability and range of application.In recent years, high-speed main spindle becomes a development trend of main shaft, but main shaft internal bearings can produce large calorimetric under High Rotation Speed, thereby causes main shaft to deform, and affects machining accuracy.At present, the method that reduces hot error both at home and abroad is mainly divided three classes: 1, reduce thermal source caloric value and control heat transmission, as strengthened coolant rate, improve environment temperature control system; 2, machine tool structure optimal design, as adopted thermal tracking structure and the little material of reasonable selection coefficient of thermal expansion; 3, heat error compensation.Compared with first two method, heat error compensation can improve machine tool accuracy on the basis that does not change lathe mechanism, and spends less, implements conveniently.
In machine tool chief axis heat error compensation, setting up the heat error compensation model that precision is high, robustness is good is difficult point, and quantity and the position of optimization selection temperature point are the bases of hot error modeling.Retrieve discovery by CJFD, have the methods such as a lot of document application gray system theories, stepwise regression analysis, information theory principle to carry out temperature point selection, but major part is all based on test data of experiment.In order to obtain lathe temperature data enough under multi-state, when experiment, need to arrange a large amount of temperature sensors and different operating mode lower main axis temperature field is repeatedly tested, not only increase the complexity of experiment and researcher's workload, and consumed the plenty of time.
Implement for heat error compensation, in " the spindle of numerical control lathe heat error compensation system research based on PAMC " that Pan Shuwei delivers 2007 " mechanical engineering ", propose to utilize a kind of software systems based on PMAC multi-axis motion control card, Yang Jianguo in patent 200410093428.1, to disclose a kind of real-time error compensator for numerical control machine tool based on the biasing of lathe exterior coordinate system.Above two kinds of methods all can realize heat error compensation, greatly reduce hot error, but need to increase compensation hardware unit system is outside, and need professional to carry out software programming, have both increased the complexity of system, have increased again cost.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention, in order to overcome above-mentioned existing methodical deficiency, proposes a kind of precise horizontal machining center main shaft thermal error compensation method.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
1) precise horizontal machining center main shaft to be compensated is simplified, and the model after simplifying is imported in ANSYS/Workbench; The speed of mainshaft, environment temperature, cooling liquid speed, flow and turnover oil temperature in conjunction with actual measurement are calculated boundary condition, and carry out thermodynamics and statics Finite Element Simulation Analysis by the boundary condition substitution ANSYS/Workbench calculating and then to the main shaft of simplifying, obtain more accurate main shaft temperature field distribution and thermal deformation;
2) based on Finite Element Simulation Analysis result, extracting temperature and the main shaft thermal deformation of arbitrary node analyzes, utilize Spearman rank correlation coefficient, rank correlation analysis is carried out in temperature rise and main shaft thermal deformation to different operating mode lower main axis system diverse locations, select axis system warm key point according to the coefficient correlation calculating and lathe concrete structure, Calculation of correlation factor formula:
ρ = 1 - 6 Σ d 2 n 3 - n
Wherein d represent corresponding two variable X, Y value the difference of corresponding order, n is the number of paired data (X, Y);
3) at axis system warm key point and front-end of spindle, magnet-type temperature sensor and Reinshaw laser feeler are installed respectively, realize the hot error measure of the temperature survey of main shaft warm key point and main shaft, when measurement, the output of temperature sensor directly accesses digital control system, and the temperature of using PLC to calculate to collect and the difference of environment temperature; Utilize the hot error of this numerical value and main shaft, set up hot error model; Triggering amount using this numerical value as heat error compensation simultaneously, directly realize heat error compensation in conjunction with machine tool numerical control system heat error compensation strategy, compensation method has two kinds: directly hot error model is embedded in digital control system and realizes main shaft heat error compensation, or according to the heat error compensation model generation heat error compensation table of setting up, finally utilize heat error compensation table to compensate the hot error of main shaft.
The present invention, taking heat error compensation model as basis, in conjunction with machine tool numerical control system heat error compensation strategy, implements main shaft heat error compensation, has effectively reduced the problem of the hot error of precise horizontal machining center main shaft.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is precise horizontal machining center main shaft thermal error compensation method flow chart;
Fig. 2 is certain model precise horizontal machining center axis system cross-sectional schematic;
Fig. 3, Fig. 4 are Fig. 2 precise horizontal machining center axis system temperature point position schematic diagram; Wherein: represent that finite element simulation extracts the node location of temperature data, T1-T11 is node serial number;
Fig. 5-Fig. 7 is respectively main shaft while being rotating speed 2000r/min, 3000r/min, 4000r/min, hot error testing curve map before and after main shaft Axial Thermal error model curve and compensation.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
Referring to Fig. 1,1, the finite element simulation of precise horizontal machining center axis system temperature field and thermal deformation
1) applying of the foundation of FEM model and boundary condition: first according to machine-tool spindle system design feature, by Pro/E software, precise horizontal machining center axis system is simplified, the physical model of simplification is imported in ANSYS/Workbench analysis software and carries out grid division; When grid is divided, select different division methods according to the design feature of the different parts of axis system, select to scan division as the cylinder to tactical rule, square, select tetrahedron divide or freely divide to baroque parts.In conjunction with actual conditions, in ANSYS/Workbench analysis software to the different material parameter of the different component settings of axis system.Calculate boundary condition in conjunction with the speed of mainshaft, environment temperature, cooling liquid speed, flow and the turnover oil temperature of actual measurement in addition, and arrange in ANSYS/Workbench analysis software;
2) precise horizontal machining center axis system temperature field and thermal deformation emulation: complete after above setting, utilize ANSYS/Workbench software to carry out thermodynamics and statics Finite Element Simulation Analysis (ignoring the impact of thermal contact resistance when analysis), thereby obtain different rotating speeds lower main axis system temperature field and main shaft thermal deformation, because the boundary condition arranging calculates according to measured result, therefore finite element simulation calculates and more approaches actual conditions and have higher precision;
2, the main shaft warm key point based on finite element simulation is selected
During from different rotating speeds the result of the Finite Element Simulation Analysis of axis system temperature field and main shaft thermal deformation, extract main shaft diverse location node temperature and main shaft thermal deformation, calculate the Spearman rank correlation coefficient between main shaft diverse location node temperature and main shaft thermal deformation.Spearman rank correlation coefficient is a kind of nonlinear interaction coefficient, and for describing the intensity of contact between two stochastic variables (X, Y), computing formula is:
ρ = 1 - 6 Σ d 2 n 3 - n
Wherein d represent corresponding two variable X, Y value the difference of corresponding order, n is the number of paired data (X, Y).
According to Calculation of correlation factor result, in conjunction with lathe concrete structure, select is main shaft warm key point near thermal source and the convenient position of arranging temperature sensor as far as possible.
3, axis system warm key point temperature, hot error testing and hot error modeling
At axis system warm key point and front-end of spindle, magnet-type temperature sensor and Reinshaw laser feeler are installed respectively, convenient fixing and dismounting when magnet-type temperature sensor uses, sensor output directly accesses digital control system, and system is processed and record the output signal of sensor automatically; Reinshaw laser feeler is fixed on main shaft both sides, automatically to main shaft without thermal source with there is the axis system coordinate position in two kinds of situations of thermal source to carry out record, twice coordinate subtracts each other and is the hot error of main shaft, avoided because manual operation, reading are neglected the random error of bringing.According to main shaft warm key point temperature and the hot error of main shaft of actual measurement, utilize least square method to set up the hot error model of main shaft.Least square method is simple in structure, be widely used, have certain precision and easily realize by the simple program of computer, is the most simple and effective hot error modeling method.
4, main shaft heat error compensation
Different machine tool numerical control systems has different heat error compensation strategies, the system for example having only allows to utilize heat error compensation table to the hot error of main shaft is compensated, some systems can directly embed hot error model in digital control system and realize main shaft heat error compensation, but hot error model should not be too complicated.The present invention, in conjunction with precise horizontal machining center digital control system to be studied, selects rational heat error compensation strategy to carry out main shaft heat error compensation.When compensation, utilize magnet-type temperature sensor to test main shaft key temperatures, in test the data obtained input digital control system, and utilize PLC to calculate the difference of axis system key point temperature and environment temperature.Utilize this numerical value as triggering amount, in conjunction with embedding the heat error compensation model of digital control system or according to the heat error compensation table of model generation, finally realizing main shaft heat error compensation.
Be below one embodiment of the present of invention, referring to Fig. 2-4, the present embodiment, taking certain model precise horizontal machining center as example, is elaborated to detailed description of the invention by reference to the accompanying drawings:
1. model simplification
Grid is divided quality, is saved finite element simulation computing time when improving finite element modeling, need in Pro/E software, simplify precise horizontal machining center axis system archetype, simplifies content and comprises:
1) delete motor and the coupled parts such as shaft coupling, belt pulley;
2) delete screw, mounting screw hole, oil pipe, oil filler point tiny characteristics;
3) delete rounding and chamfering;
4) utilize simple structure physical model to replace complex components, as replaced bearing, coolant jacket with simple annulus, with multidiameter replacement main shaft and afterbody encoder;
5) for ensureing grid division quality, boss or the notch feature of deleting < 10mm;
6), in the situation that ensureing that overall structure is constant, each moulded dimension is adjusted in amendment, ensures the accurate assembling of each parts.
2. the foundation of FEM model
Utilize ANSYS/Workbench software to carry out before Finite Element Simulation Analysis precise horizontal machining center axis system, need set up its FEM model, concrete steps are as follows: 1) physical model after simplifying is imported in Workbench workbench by the interface menu of Pro/E-Workbench.2) physical model is carried out to grid division, when division, need select different division methods according to the design feature of the different parts of axis system.For example, adopt and scan division methods for the simple entity such as bearing, coolant jacket; Adopt tetrahedron divide or freely divide for the complex component such as main shaft, main spindle box, grid cell size, by manually arranging, to the parts of primary study, adopts and carry out mesh refinement, and the larger parts grid of physical dimension can be suitably more sparse as main shaft.3) in the present embodiment, ignore the impact of each parts Contact thermal resistance, faying face is set to Bonded (bonding).4) in conjunction with actual, in the material depot of ANSYS/Workbench software, select the each parts respective material of main shaft, and then different spindle units is arranged to different materials.
3 boundary conditions apply and FEM calculation
The accuracy of calculating for improving finite element simulation, need arrange boundary condition accurately.In present case, while respectively rotating speed being 2000r/min, 3000r/min, 4000r/min, main spindle box wall surface temperature, coolant rate and flow velocity and the axis system turnover oil temperature etc. of precise horizontal machining center main shaft in idle running situation carried out actual measurement and statistics, according to measured data, boundary condition is calculated again, thereby obtain boundary condition accurately.
4. main shaft temperature field, thermal deformation finite element simulation
Utilize ANSYS/Workbench software to carry out thermodynamics and the calculating of statics finite element simulation to different rotating speeds lower main axis system, obtain temperature field and the thermal deformation of precise horizontal machining center axis system under different rotating speeds.
5. the main shaft warm key point based on finite element simulation is selected
Owing to respectively having two bearings before and after axis system in present case, be main thermal source, therefore to choose some nodes in conjunction with main axle structure in front and back and analyze, node serial number is T1-T11,, T12 is environment temperature, as Figure 3-Figure 4.Based on temperature field and thermal deformation FEM Numerical Simulation, extract above node temperature and spindle end over glaze thermotropism deformation values, calculate the Spearman rank correlation coefficient between main shaft diverse location temperature and main shaft thermal deformation.Spearman rank correlation coefficient is a kind of nonlinear interaction coefficient, and for describing the intensity contacting between two stochastic variables, computing formula is:
&rho; = 1 - 6 &Sigma; d 2 n 3 - n
Wherein d represent temperature variable X and main shaft Axial Thermal deflection Y the difference of corresponding order, n is the number of paired data (X, Y).
According to Calculation of correlation factor result, in conjunction with lathe concrete structure, select is main shaft warm key point near thermal source, the convenient position of arranging temperature sensor of the obvious order of temperature rise as far as possible.
6. axis system warm key point temperature test, hot error testing and hot error modeling
Utilize magnet-type temperature sensor to test the temperature of axis system key point, this temperature sensor can directly be adsorbed on the point that needs test, is easy for installation and removal; Temperature sensor output directly accesses digital control system, realizes real time record and observation to main shaft diverse location temperature.Utilize Reinshaw laser feeler to test spindle end over glaze thermotropism error, when test, Reinshaw laser feeler is fixed on main shaft both sides, automatically to different rotating speeds lower main axis without thermal source with there is the axis system coordinate position in two kinds of situations of thermal source to carry out record, twice coordinate subtracts each other and is main shaft Axial Thermal error.According to measured data, utilize least square method to set up the hot error model of axis system, its expression formula is: f (x)=C 1x 2+ C 2x+C 3, in formula, x is the difference of warm key point and environment temperature, DEG C; F (x) is heat error compensation value, μ m, C 1, C 2, C 3for constant.
7. main shaft heat error compensation
In present case, carry out heat error compensation explanation as an example of heat error compensation table example: calculate heat error compensation amount corresponding to different temperature rises according to heat error compensation model, thereby set up heat error compensation table, and heat error compensation table is to be directly embedded in digital control system.According to the requirement of digital control system, the temperature rise value in the heat error compensation table of embedding digital control system is since 0 DEG C, and 0 DEG C of corresponding compensation rate is made as 0 μ m, and temperature rise is spaced apart 0.5 DEG C.After lathe starts, temperature sensor gathers the temperature of lathe diverse location, and digital control system PLC goes out the difference of axis system warm key point and environment temperature according to test result calculations.This temperature gap is the triggering amount of heat error compensation, digital control system can automatic search heat error compensation table in corresponding heat error compensation value, and realize main shaft Axial Thermal compensation of error along the position of Z-direction by controlling main shaft.After the precise horizontal machining center main shaft Axial Thermal error in this example being compensated according to this thermal error compensation method, referring to Fig. 5.When the speed of mainshaft is 2000r/min, hot error reduces 85%; Referring to Fig. 6, when rotating speed 3000r/min, hot error reduces 89%; Referring to Fig. 7, when rotating speed 4000r/min, hot error reduces more than 91%.
Therefore, thermal error compensation method disclosed by the invention can effectively reduce the hot error of precise horizontal machining center main shaft, has improved machining accuracy.

Claims (1)

1. a precise horizontal machining center main shaft thermal error compensation method, is characterized in that:
1) precise horizontal machining center main shaft to be compensated is simplified, and the model after simplifying is imported in ANSYS/Workbench; The speed of mainshaft, environment temperature, cooling liquid speed, flow and turnover oil temperature in conjunction with actual measurement are calculated boundary condition, and carry out thermodynamics and statics Finite Element Simulation Analysis by the boundary condition substitution ANSYS/Workbench calculating and then to the main shaft of simplifying, obtain more accurate main shaft temperature field distribution and thermal deformation;
2) based on Finite Element Simulation Analysis result, extracting temperature and the main shaft thermal deformation of arbitrary node analyzes, utilize Spearman rank correlation coefficient, rank correlation analysis is carried out in temperature rise and main shaft thermal deformation to different operating mode lower main axis system diverse locations, select axis system warm key point according to the coefficient correlation calculating and lathe concrete structure, Calculation of correlation factor formula:
&rho; = 1 - 6 &Sigma; d 2 n 3 - n
Wherein d represent corresponding two variable X, Y value the difference of corresponding order, n is the number of paired data (X, Y);
3) at axis system warm key point and front-end of spindle, magnet-type temperature sensor and Reinshaw laser feeler are installed respectively, realize the hot error measure of the temperature survey of main shaft warm key point and main shaft, when measurement, the output of temperature sensor directly accesses digital control system, and the temperature of using PLC to calculate to collect and the difference of environment temperature; Utilize the hot error of this numerical value and main shaft, set up hot error model; Triggering amount using this numerical value as heat error compensation simultaneously, directly realize heat error compensation in conjunction with machine tool numerical control system heat error compensation strategy, compensation method has two kinds: directly hot error model is embedded in digital control system and realizes main shaft heat error compensation, or according to the heat error compensation model generation heat error compensation table of setting up, finally utilize heat error compensation table to compensate the hot error of main shaft.
CN201210118165.XA 2012-04-20 2012-04-20 Spindle thermal distortion compensation method for precision horizontal machining center Expired - Fee Related CN102658499B (en)

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