CN102630097B - Grouped data sending method, base station and terminal - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for sending packet data, comprising: receiving packet data from a source terminal, the packet data including an identifier of a destination terminal; checking whether there is a path to the destination terminal in a routing cache table; The path of the terminal is used to select an interface; according to the found path, the packet data is forwarded through the selected interface. Two other packet data transmission methods corresponding to the packet data transmission method, and a terminal and a base station corresponding to the above packet data transmission method. Using the present invention, link processing can be performed at the terminal.

Description

Packet data transmission method, base station and terminal

technical field

The present invention relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a method for sending packet data, a base station and a terminal.

Background technique

Multi-hop relay is a means to make the network run without a fixed access point. It was first researched and applied in the ad hoc network. The adhoc network has no fixed infrastructure and no fixed routers. All nodes are mobile, and all nodes can dynamically maintain contact with other nodes in any way. All nodes in the network have equal status, and there is no need to set up any central control node. Nodes in the network not only have the functions required by ordinary mobile terminals, but also have message forwarding capabilities. In this environment, due to the limited wireless coverage of the terminal, two user terminals that cannot communicate directly can perform packet forwarding by means of other nodes, that is, multi-hop communication. In recent years, it has become a new research hotspot in wireless communication to apply multi-hop relay technology to traditional cellular (cell) network to build a new type of cellular multi-hop network. In a cellular multi-hop network, a mobile station can connect to a corresponding cell base station through one or more relay nodes. The use of relay nodes reduces path loss and improves the communication quality of each transmission link, thus greatly improving the capacity and coverage of the entire cell. In a cellular multi-hop network, finding a suitable relay node is very critical to improve the performance of the whole system, which requires an effective routing algorithm.

An existing packet data sending method is as follows: Considering the characteristics of the cellular multi-hop network centered on the base station (BS: Base Station), the traditional distributed routing method is changed to the centralized processing that the base station uniformly provides routing for each node Way. The base station maintains the link state between all terminals (MS: Mobile Station), and selects a centralized path for the communication of the terminal according to the maintained link state. After adopting the centralized processing method, the base station can gradually obtain the topological structure of the cell by processing and maintaining the information obtained in the routing process.

At the same time, considering the situation of 2-hop access to the cell, when the link quality between the MS and the base station deteriorates and a relay is required, the relay request is first sent to the BS, asking the BS to provide a multi-hop route. If the BS cannot find a path, the MS broadcasts a relay request pathfinding signal to the adjacent nodes, and the intermediate node returns a signaling to the base station after receiving the relay request. Based on this, the base station can obtain the quality of the first-hop link and measure the quality of the second-hop link. In this way, the base station updates its own channel quality matrix every time it receives a relay request response from an intermediate node. After updating the channel quality matrix, the base station runs the pathfinding algorithm again. At this time, the base station has obtained all the channel information related to the MS, so as to select a relay node and feed back the selected relay node to the MS, so that the MS Packet data transmission can be performed through a relay node.

In the study of the prior art, the inventor found that: when using the existing packet data transmission method, a relay request is required for each packet relay distribution, and all link processing is performed by the base station, so that the base station The resource overhead is high and the communication complexity is high.

Contents of the invention

The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for sending packet data, a base station and a terminal, and can perform link processing in the terminal.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for sending packet data, including:

receiving packet data from a source terminal, the packet data including an identification of a destination terminal;

Find whether there is a path to the destination terminal in the routing cache table;

If a path to the destination terminal is found, select an interface;

forwarding the packet data through the selected interface according to the found path.

The embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for sending packet data, including:

Obtain the packet data that needs to be sent;

Determine whether the access status is direct access;

If the access status is direct access, sending the packet data to the base station;

If the access status is not direct access, select a cluster head from the cluster head table, and send the packet data to the cluster head.

The embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for sending packet data, including:

receiving packet data, the packet data including the identification of the destination terminal;

Finding the identifier of the destination terminal from the terminal state table;

If the identity of the destination terminal is not found, send the packet data to the core network;

If the identity of the destination terminal is found, determine whether the access status of the destination terminal is direct access;

If the access state of the destination terminal is direct access, send the packet data to the destination terminal; if the access status of the destination terminal is not direct access, perform cluster head selection and send to the selected cluster head The packet data.

The embodiment of the present invention also provides a terminal, including:

a receiving unit, configured to receive packet data from a source terminal, where the packet data includes an identifier of a destination terminal;

A search unit, configured to search whether there is a path to the destination terminal in the routing cache table according to the identifier of the destination terminal received by the receiving unit;

A selection unit, configured to select an interface when the search unit finds a path to the destination terminal;

A sending unit, configured to forward the packet data through the interface selected by the selection unit according to the path to the destination terminal found by the search unit.

The embodiment of the present invention also provides another terminal, including:

an acquisition unit, configured to acquire packet data to be sent;

a judging unit, configured to judge whether the access status of the terminal is direct access;

A selection unit, configured to select a cluster head from the cluster head table when the judging unit judges that the access state of the terminal is not direct access;

a sending unit, configured to send the packet data to the base station when the judging unit judges that the terminal's access status is direct access; when the judging unit judges that the terminal's access status is not direct access, sending the packet data to the cluster head selected by the selection unit.

The embodiment of the present invention also provides a base station, including:

a receiving unit, configured to receive packet data, where the packet data includes an identifier of a destination terminal;

a search unit, configured to search for the identifier of the destination terminal from the terminal status table;

A judging unit, configured to judge whether the access status of the destination terminal is direct access when the search unit finds the identity of the destination terminal;

A selection unit, configured to select a cluster head when the judging unit judges that the access status of the destination terminal is not direct access;

a sending unit, configured to send the packet data to the core network when the search unit does not find the identity of the destination terminal; when the judging unit judges that the access status of the destination terminal is direct access, sending the packet data to the destination terminal; sending the packet data to the cluster head selected by the selection unit when the access state of the destination terminal is not direct access.

It can be seen from the above technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention that since the terminal in this embodiment can determine the sending mode of the packet data according to its own access state, and maintains the cluster head table in the terminal, the sending of the packet data It is only necessary to select the cluster head from the cluster head table, and then send the packet data to the cluster head or directly to the base station. As long as there is cluster head information in the cluster head table, the terminal does not need to send packet data to the base station. Sending a relay request means that the terminal performs link processing, thereby reducing the resource overhead of the base station. At the same time, the terminal only needs to maintain the cluster head information, which can reduce communication complexity.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without any creative effort.

Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of cellular adhoc network in the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a flowchart of Embodiment 1 of a method for sending packet data in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of Embodiment 2 of the packet data sending method in the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a flow chart of Embodiment 3 of the packet data sending method in the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a flow chart of Embodiment 4 of the packet data sending method in the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a flow chart of Embodiment 5 of the packet data sending method in the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a structural diagram of a terminal embodiment 1 in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a structural diagram of the second embodiment of the terminal in the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a structural diagram of a third embodiment of a terminal in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a structural diagram of Embodiment 4 of a terminal in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of a base station in an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 12 is a structural diagram of the second embodiment of the base station in the embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

First introduce the cellular adhoc network involved in the embodiment of the present invention, the architecture of the cellular adhoc network provided by the embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figure 1:

Different sector clusters in the cell form a virtual cluster 1011 in the cell, and the cluster heads of the virtual clusters in the cell perform inter-sector cooperation for flexible access by terminals.

Sector clusters of adjacent cells form an inter-cell virtual cluster 1021 , and the cluster heads of the inter-cell virtual cluster perform inter-cell cooperation, so as to facilitate inter-cluster communication and inter-cell load balancing during hybrid access and coordinated access.

The virtual cluster in the cell is divided into hybrid access area 1012, cluster head area 1013 and direct access area 1014 according to the distance from the base station. The hybrid access area is the farthest from the base station, and the direct access area is the closest to the base station; access area and cluster head area, the access status of the terminal can be direct access. If the terminal is in a hybrid access area, the terminal can access the base station through a cellular relay, and the access status of the terminal can be coordinated access; or the terminal can access the base station through an adhoc relay, and the access status of the terminal can be for mixed access. If the terminal cannot receive the information of the base station and the cluster head, the access state of the terminal is "adhoc". The access states of terminals in different access areas may be shown in Table 1.

Table 1

The inter-cell virtual cluster is divided into a hybrid access area 1022, a cluster head area 1023 and a direct access area 1024 according to the distance from the center of the inter-cell virtual cluster, wherein the hybrid access area is farthest from the center of the inter-cell virtual cluster, The direct access area is closest to the center of the virtual cluster among the cells.

In order to realize the operability and manageability of the adhoc mode of the mobile terminal, the cluster head selection and clustering in the embodiment of the present invention are initiated by the base station, and the cluster head selection and clustering can be performed periodically or triggered by an event , for example, may be performed after the base station receives the relay request sent by the terminal. In one embodiment of the present invention, cluster head selection and clustering can be performed according to the following process:

The base station broadcasts the cluster head selection request within the range of the cell, carrying the location information of the base station, the cell radius R, the cell utilization rate U, and the cluster head threshold C and other parameters. The terminal receiving the cluster head selection request calculates the distance L between itself and the base station. If L is greater than threshold 1 (in one embodiment of the present invention, threshold 1 can be R/2) and less than threshold 2 (in one embodiment of the present invention, threshold 2 can be 3R/4), it indicates that the terminal is at the cluster head area, the terminal sets the access state S to direct access; otherwise, it indicates that the terminal is in the direct access area or mixed access area, at this time, the terminal access state S can be set to direct access first, and then the terminal can follow the Cluster head announcements are updated.

The terminal in the cluster head area estimates the quality of the link between itself and the base station according to the cluster head selection request information. The quality of the link between the terminal and the base station can be the path loss P _Loss ; the terminal then according to its own residual energy information N _Rest , Determine whether the requirements for cluster head selection are met. In one embodiment of the present invention, if P _Loss / N _Rest < C of a certain terminal indicates that the terminal meets the requirements for cluster head selection, the terminal sends a cluster head announcement, and the cluster head announcement information includes the resource information of the terminal and the The utilization rate U of the cell where the terminal is located, wherein the resource information of the terminal includes the remaining energy of the terminal and the path loss between the terminal and the base station, and the cluster head announcement sent may be a cellular cluster head announcement or an adhoc cluster head announcement.

The terminal receiving the cluster head announcement updates the access status and the cluster head table:

If the default access state S of the terminal is "adhoc", the terminal that can receive the announcement of the cellular cluster head will update S to "cooperative access"; the terminal that can only receive the announcement of the adhoc cluster head will update S to "hybrid access". enter".

If the default access state S of the terminal is "direct access", the cell cluster head announcement can be received and the distance L between the terminal and the base station is greater than the threshold 2, the terminal updates S to "cooperative access".

In an embodiment of the present invention, the cluster head table maintained by the terminal may be as shown in Table 2.

Table 2

In Table 2, P _LossCell is the link path loss between the terminal cellular interface and the cluster head, N _RestCell is the energy of the cellular interface, P _Loss is the link path loss between the terminal adhoc interface and the cluster head, and N _Rest is The energy of the adhoc interface. When P _LossCell is infinite or N _RestCell is zero, it indicates that the cell interface is unavailable.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the energy of the cell interface and the adhoc interface are managed in a unified manner, at this time N _RestCell =N _Rest .

After updating the access status and the cluster head table, the terminal confirms the cluster head announcement, and the resource information and access status of the terminal are carried in the cluster head announcement confirmation; wherein, the resource information of the terminal may include the remaining energy of the terminal, and the terminal The path loss of the link with the base station may specifically include the remaining energy of the cell interface of the terminal and the path loss of the link between the cell interface and the base station, the remaining energy of the adhoc interface of the terminal and the path loss of the link between the adhoc interface and the base station.

After the cluster head receives the cluster head announcement confirmation from the terminal, it updates the virtual cluster table maintained by the cluster head according to the information carried in the cluster head announcement confirmation. In one embodiment of the present invention, the virtual cluster table maintained by the cluster head is shown in Table 3.

table 3

After the cluster head updates the virtual cluster head table, it performs a cluster head selection response. The cluster head selection response can carry the resource information of the cluster head and the virtual cluster table information maintained by the cluster head; the resource information of the cluster head can include the remaining information of the cluster head. Energy and path loss of the link between the cluster head and the base station. In order to reduce interference and facilitate the management of the base station, in one embodiment of the present invention, the communication between the cluster head and the base station only uses the cell interface. At this time, the resource information of the cluster head can specifically be the remaining energy of the cell interface of the cluster head and Path loss of the link between the cell interface and the base station.

After receiving the cluster head selection response from the cluster head, the base station updates the terminal state table according to the information carried in the cluster head selection response. In the embodiment of the present invention where the communication between a cluster head and the base station only uses the cell interface, the terminal state table maintained by the base station is shown in Table 4.

Table 4

The base station processes the virtual cluster table information reported by the cluster head, and forms the cluster head list information of the terminal for the cluster head of the same terminal. The base station only needs to save the remaining energy information of the cluster head. Based on the virtual cluster head mechanism of clustering and partitioning, the cluster head acts as a signaling information convergence point, which can greatly reduce the overhead of the base station, and the signaling convergence point is not single. Can increase reliability.

The method for sending packet data provided by the embodiment of the present invention is introduced as follows. FIG. 2 describes the flow of Embodiment 1 of the method for sending packet data. This embodiment describes the processing flow of the source terminal, including:

201. Acquire packet data to be sent.

202. Determine whether the access status is direct access; if yes, go to 203; if not, go to 204.

Different access modes are adopted in different access states of terminals. In one embodiment of the present invention, the default packet data sending mechanisms of terminals in different access states are shown in Table 5.

table 5

203. Send the packet data to the base station; end the process.

204. Select a cluster head from the maintained cluster head table.

Specifically, the source terminal can select a cluster head from the cluster head table according to the following principles:

A. Select a suitable cell according to the utilization rate U of the cell where the cluster head is located in the cluster head table, and select a cluster head from the selected cell according to the resource information of the cluster head. If the utilization rate _U of the cell where the source terminal is located is greater than threshold 1 (in one embodiment of the present invention, threshold 1 can be 90%) and the utilization rate U of the adjacent cell is _less than threshold 2 (in one embodiment of the present invention In an embodiment, the threshold 1 may be 60%), then the neighboring cell is selected, otherwise the current cell is selected.

B. For the cluster heads of the same cell, cluster head selection and interface selection can be performed according to the resource information of the cluster heads. In an embodiment of the present invention, if the remaining energy of the cluster head is more, and the link quality between the cluster head and the terminal is better, the possibility of being selected is higher. In one embodiment of the present invention, the cluster head is selected by using the combined value of the residual energy of the cluster head and the path loss of the link between the cluster head and the terminal, and the following formula can be used to calculate the residual energy of the cluster head and the link between the cluster head and the terminal The combined value of the path loss of the road:

arg min(P _Loss ^α /N _Rest ), α≥1.

Among them, P _Loss is the link path loss between the terminal adhoc interface and the cluster head, and N _Rest is the energy of the adhoc interface.

After using this formula to calculate the combined value of the residual energy of the cluster head and the path loss of the link between the cluster head and the terminal, select the cluster head with a larger joint value, so that the cluster head with the best combined value of residual energy and path loss The interface will be selected. Specifically, if the selected cluster head is a cellular cluster head, the corresponding interface is a cellular interface; if the selected cluster head is an adhoc cluster head, the corresponding interface is an adhoc interface.

In one embodiment of the present invention, if the maintained cluster head table is empty, the source terminal can send a relay request to the base station, triggering the base station to perform cluster head selection and clustering, so that the source terminal can The head announcement updates the cluster head table, so that the source terminal can select a cluster head from the updated cluster head table.

205. Send the packet data to the cluster head selected from the cluster head table; end the process.

It can be seen from the above that in this embodiment, the source terminal can determine the sending mode of the packet data according to its own access state, and maintains the cluster head table in the terminal, and only needs to select the cluster from the cluster head table when sending the packet data head, and then send the packet data to the cluster head or directly to the base station, as long as there is cluster head information in the cluster head table, the terminal does not need to send a relay request to the base station when sending packet data, that is, the terminal performs chaining Road processing, thereby reducing the resource overhead of the base station, and at the same time, the source terminal only needs to maintain the cluster head information, which can reduce the communication complexity.

Fig. 3 has described the process flow of embodiment 2 of the method for sending packet data, and what this embodiment describes is the processing flow of the source terminal, including:

301. Acquire packet data to be sent.

302. Determine whether the access status is direct access; if yes, go to 303; if not, go to 304.

303. Send the packet data to the base station; end the procedure.

304. Determine whether the type of service corresponding to the packet data is a cellular access service; if yes, go to 305; if not, go to 306.

Since the source terminal has both adhoc and cellular interfaces, the source terminal can implement cellular access and ad hoc network communication within the virtual cluster at the same time. The source terminal can divide services into two categories: cellular access services and adhoc services, thereby maintaining two packet buffers. For cellular access services, when selecting a cluster head, the cellular interface is given priority; for adhoc services, the priority is to select ad hoc interface. Among them, the classification of services can be carried out according to the usage habits of the users, the distribution of services in the region where they are located, and the analysis of the characteristics of the services. For a packet without a service class identifier, the default mechanism for sending packet data is adopted.

305. Select a cellular cluster head from the cluster head table, and send packet data to the cellular cluster head; end the process.

306. Select an adhoc cluster head from the cluster head table, and send packet data to the adhoc cluster head; end the process.

It can be seen from the above that in this embodiment, the source terminal can determine the sending mode of the packet data according to its own access status, and maintains the cluster head table in the terminal, and only needs to select the cluster from the cluster head table when sending the packet data head, and then send the packet data to the cluster head or directly to the base station, as long as there is cluster head information in the cluster head table, the terminal does not need to send a relay request to the base station when sending packet data, that is, the terminal performs chaining Road processing, thereby reducing the resource overhead of the base station, and at the same time, the source terminal only needs to maintain the cluster head information, which can reduce the communication complexity; further, when the source terminal selects the cluster head, it can select an adhoc interface or a cellular interface according to the service type corresponding to the packet data. This enables the source terminal to flexibly choose an interface for communication.

In one embodiment of the present invention, before the source terminal sends the packet data to the cluster head, it also includes: adding a time-to-live (TTL: Time To Live) field in the packet data, setting the field value of the TTL field, and passing the set TTL field The field value enables the cluster head to search for adjacent cluster heads according to the field value, thereby improving the success rate of communication.

Fig. 4 has described the flow process of the third embodiment of the packet data sending method, what this embodiment described is the processing flow of the cluster head, including:

401. Receive packet data from a source terminal, where the packet data includes an identifier of a destination terminal.

402. Check whether there is a path to the destination terminal in the routing cache table; if yes, go to 403; if not, go to 404.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the routing cache table maintained by the cluster head may be as shown in Table 6.

Table 6

destination terminal Next hop measure Lifetime Terminal 11 Terminal 5 2 10ms Terminal 12 Terminal 12 1 10ms ... ... ... ...

403. Select an interface, and forward the packet data through the selected interface according to the found path; end the process.

When performing interface selection, the resource information of the cellular interface of the destination terminal recorded in the virtual cluster table can be compared with the resource information of the adhoc interface of the destination terminal; if the resource information of the cellular interface is better than the resource information of the adhoc interface, select the cellular interface; otherwise , select the adhoc interface. Specifically, the path loss of the link between the cellular interface of the destination terminal and the cluster head and the joint value of the remaining energy of the cellular interface of the destination terminal, the path loss of the link between the adhoc interface of the destination terminal and the cluster head, and the path loss of the destination terminal The combined value of the residual energy of the adhoc interface is compared.

404. Send a virtual cluster head request to the cluster head of the adjacent sector.

The virtual cluster head request includes the identification of the target terminal, so that the cluster head of the adjacent sector finds whether the target terminal is a member of the sector cluster where the cluster head of the adjacent sector is located.

405. Receive a virtual cluster head response sent by a cluster head of an adjacent sector.

The virtual cluster head response is sent after the cluster head of the adjacent sector finds that the destination terminal is a member of the sector cluster.

406. Send the packet data to the cluster head of the adjacent sector; end the process.

Specifically, the packet data can be sent to the cluster heads of adjacent sectors through an adhoc interface or a cellular interface. In one embodiment of the present invention, in order to reduce interference and facilitate the management of the base station, the communication between the cluster heads only uses the adhoc interface, and at this time, the packet data is only sent to the cluster heads of adjacent sectors through the adhoc interface.

Wherein, if the number of adjacent sector cluster heads sending virtual cluster head responses is at least two, the resource information of the adjacent sector cluster heads recorded in the virtual cluster table can be firstly selected from the at least two adjacent sector cluster heads. Select a cluster head of an adjacent sector from the cluster heads, and then send the packet data to the selected cluster head of an adjacent sector. Specifically, an adjacent sector cluster head can be selected from at least two adjacent mountain cluster heads according to the resource information of the adjacent cluster head; for example, it can be based on the remaining energy of the adjacent cluster head and the link between the adjacent cluster head and itself The combined value of the path loss is selected.

As can be seen from the above, in this embodiment, when the cluster head does not have a path to the destination terminal in the routing cache table, the packet data can be sent to the cluster head of the adjacent sector, and the packet data can be sent to the destination terminal through the cluster head of the adjacent sector , so that there is no need to send packet data through the base station, that is, link processing is performed at the terminal, which reduces the resource overhead of the base station. The cluster head only needs to maintain the information of the cluster head of the adjacent sector and the information of the terminal in the cluster, which can reduce the complexity of communication Spend.

Fig. 5 has described the flow process of the fourth embodiment of the packet data sending method, what this embodiment describes is the processing flow of the cluster head, including:

501. Receive packet data from a source terminal, where the packet data includes an identifier of a destination terminal and a TTL field.

502. Check whether there is a route to the destination terminal in the routing cache table; if yes, go to 503; if not, go to 504.

503. Select an interface, and forward the packet data through the selected interface according to the found path; end the process.

504. Determine whether the field value of the TTL field is greater than 0; if yes, go to 505; if not, go to 509.

505. Send a virtual cluster head request to the cluster head of the adjacent sector.

506. Judging whether the virtual cluster head response sent by the cluster head of the adjacent sector is received; if not, enter 507; if yes, enter 508.

507 . Subtract 1 from the field value of the TTL field; go to 504 .

508. Send the packet data to the cluster head of the adjacent sector; end the process.

509. Send the packet data to the base station; end the process.

As can be seen from the above, in this embodiment, when the cluster head does not have a path to the destination terminal in the routing cache table, the packet data can be sent to the cluster head of the adjacent sector, and the packet data can be sent to the destination terminal through the cluster head of the adjacent sector , so that there is no need to send packet data through the base station, that is, link processing is performed at the terminal, which reduces the resource overhead of the base station. The cluster head only needs to maintain the information of the cluster head of the adjacent sector and the information of the terminal in the cluster, which can reduce the complexity of communication Furthermore, the cluster head can send a virtual cluster head request to the cluster head of the adjacent sector according to the TTL field in the packet data, thereby expanding the range of communication and improving the success rate of communication.

In an embodiment of the present invention, in order to make the cluster head send subsequent packet data faster, the cluster head can further update the maintained routing cache table according to the sent path after sending the packet data.

FIG. 6 describes the flow of Embodiment 5 of the packet data sending method. This embodiment describes the processing flow of the base station, including:

601. Receive packet data; the packet data includes an identifier of a destination terminal;

602. Determine whether the identifier of the destination terminal can be found from the terminal state table; if not, go to 603; if yes, go to 604.

603. Send packet data to the core network; end the process.

604. Determine whether the access status of the destination terminal is direct access; if yes, go to 605; if not, go to 606.

605. Send packet data to the destination terminal; end the process.

606. Select a cluster head, and send packet data to the selected cluster head; end the process.

Specifically, when the access state of the destination terminal is mixed access, a cluster head is randomly selected from the cluster head table, and then packet data is sent to the randomly selected cluster head through the adhoc interface.

When the access state of the destination terminal is cooperative access, select a cluster head from the cluster head table according to the resource information of the cluster head, and then send the grouped data to the selected cluster head through the cellular interface; specifically, according to The combined value of the path loss between the base station and the cluster head, the path loss of the link between the cluster head and the terminal, and the remaining energy of the cluster head selects a cluster head from the cluster head table. In the first embodiment of the present invention, the path loss of the path between the base station and the cluster head, the path loss of the link between the cluster head and the terminal, and the joint value of the remaining energy of the cluster head can be calculated by the following formula:

arg min((P _lossB-C +P _LossC-M ) ^α /N _Rest ), α≥1

Among them, P _LossB-C is the path loss of the link from the base station to the cluster head, and P _LossC-M is the path loss of the link from the cluster head to the terminal.

It can be seen from the above that in this embodiment, the base station can directly send the packet data to the destination terminal or the cluster head according to the access state of the terminal, so that the packet data can be sent to the destination terminal through the cluster head, that is, part of the link processing is performed at the terminal , reducing the resource overhead of the base station.

Introduce the terminal provided by the embodiment of the present invention again. FIG. 7 describes the structure of the first embodiment of the terminal, including:

An acquisition unit 701, configured to acquire packet data to be sent;

A judging unit 702, configured to judge whether the access status of the terminal is direct access after the acquiring unit 701 acquires the packet data;

A selection unit 703, configured to select a cluster head from the cluster head table when the judging unit 702 judges that the terminal's access status is not direct access;

The sending unit 704 is configured to send the packet data to the base station when the judging unit 702 judges that the access status of the terminal is direct access; when the judging unit 702 judges that the terminal access status is not direct access, send the packet data Send to the cluster head selected by the selection unit 703.

As can be seen from the above, in this embodiment, the terminal can determine the sending mode of the packet data according to its own access state, and maintains the cluster head table in the terminal, and only needs to select the cluster head from the cluster head table when sending the packet data , and then send the packet data to the cluster head or directly to the base station. As long as there is cluster head information in the cluster head table, the terminal does not need to send a relay request to the base station when sending packet data, that is, link Processing, thereby reducing the resource overhead of the base station, and at the same time, the terminal only needs to maintain the cluster head information, which can reduce the communication complexity.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the judging unit 702 of the terminal can also be used to judge the type of service corresponding to the packet data acquired by the acquiring unit 701 when judging that the access status of the terminal is not direct access; at this time, the terminal The selection unit 703 can also be used to select the cellular cluster head from the cluster head table when the judging unit 702 judges that the type of service corresponding to the packet data is a cellular access service; When it is an adhoc access service, select the adhoc cluster head from the cluster head table. In this embodiment, when selecting a cluster head, the terminal can select an adhoc interface or a cellular interface according to the service type corresponding to the packet data, so that the terminal can flexibly select an interface for communication.

Figure 8 describes the structure of the second embodiment of the terminal, including:

The receiving unit 801 is configured to receive a cluster head announcement from a cluster head, the cluster head announcement including the resource information of the cluster head and the utilization rate of the cell where the cluster head is located;

An update unit 802, configured to update the access state according to the cluster head announcement received by the receiving unit 801, and update the cluster head table according to the resource information of the cluster head and the utilization rate of the cell where the cluster head is located;

An acquisition unit 804, configured to acquire packet data to be sent;

A judging unit 805, configured to judge whether the terminal's access status is direct access after the acquiring unit 804 acquires the packet data;

A selection unit 806, configured to select a cluster head from the cluster head table when the judging unit 805 judges that the terminal's access status is not direct access;

The setting unit 807 is used to add a TTL field in the packet data and set the field value of the TTL field when the judging unit 805 judges that the access status of the terminal is not direct access;

By setting the field value of the TTL field, the cluster head can search for adjacent cluster heads according to the field value of the TTL field.

The sending unit 803 is used to send the cluster head announcement confirmation to the cluster head, and the cluster head announcement confirmation includes the resource information of the terminal and the updated access status of the update unit 802, so that the cluster head can update the virtual cluster table; in the judgment unit 805 When judging that the access status of the terminal is direct access, the packet data is sent to the base station; when the judging unit 805 judges that the terminal access status is not direct access, the packet data with the TTL field added by the setting unit 807 is sent to The cluster head selected by the selection unit 806.

As can be seen from the above, in this embodiment, the terminal can determine the sending mode of the packet data according to its own access state, and maintains the cluster head table in the terminal, and only needs to select the cluster head from the cluster head table when sending the packet data , and then send the packet data to the cluster head or directly to the base station. As long as there is cluster head information in the cluster head table, the terminal does not need to send a relay request to the base station when sending packet data, that is, link processing, thereby reducing the resource overhead of the base station, and at the same time, the terminal only needs to maintain the cluster head information, which can reduce the communication complexity; and when the terminal selects the cluster head, it can select the adhoc interface or the cellular interface according to the service type corresponding to the packet data, so that the terminal can flexibly Select an interface for communication; further, add a TTL field in the packet data, so that the cluster head can search for adjacent cluster heads according to the field value, thereby expanding the scope of communication and improving the success rate of communication.

Figure 9 describes the structure of the third embodiment of the terminal, including:

A receiving unit 901, configured to receive packet data from a source terminal, where the packet data includes an identifier of a destination terminal;

The search unit 902 is configured to search whether there is a path to the destination terminal in the routing cache table according to the identifier of the destination terminal received by the receiving unit 901;

A selection unit 903, configured to select an interface when the search unit 902 finds a path to the destination terminal;

The sending unit 904 is configured to forward the packet data through the interface selected by the selecting unit 903 according to the path to the destination terminal found by the searching unit 902 .

As can be seen from the above, in this embodiment, when the terminal does not have a path to the destination terminal in the routing cache table, the packet data can be sent to the cluster head of the adjacent sector, and the packet data can be sent to the destination terminal through the cluster head of the adjacent sector. Therefore, there is no need to send packet data through the base station, that is, link processing is performed at the terminal, which reduces the resource overhead of the base station. The terminal in this embodiment only needs to maintain the information of the cluster head of the adjacent sector and the information of the terminal in the cluster, which can reduce Communication complexity.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the sending unit 904 included in the terminal can also be used to send a virtual cluster head request to the cluster head of the adjacent sector when the search unit 902 cannot find a path to the destination terminal, and the virtual cluster head request Include the identification of the target terminal; the virtual cluster head request includes the identification of the target terminal, so that the adjacent sector cluster head can search whether the target terminal is the sector cluster where the adjacent sector cluster head is located according to the identification of the target terminal member. The receiving unit 901 included in the terminal can also be used to receive the virtual cluster head response sent by the cluster head of the adjacent sector, and the virtual cluster head response is sent after the cluster head of the adjacent sector finds that the destination terminal is a member of the sector cluster. The sending unit 904 may also be configured to send the packet data to the cluster head of the adjacent sector that has sent the response of the virtual cluster head. Specifically, the sending unit 904 may include a selection unit, configured to, when the receiving unit 901 receives virtual cluster head responses sent by at least two adjacent sector cluster heads, according to the The resource information is to select a cluster head of an adjacent sector from at least two cluster heads of adjacent sectors; the processing unit is used to send the packet data to the cluster head of an adjacent sector selected by the selection unit. In this embodiment, when there are multiple neighboring sector cluster heads to choose from, the terminal can select a neighboring sector cluster head with the best resources, which can improve communication quality.

Figure 10 describes the structure of the fourth embodiment of the terminal, including:

The receiving unit 1001 is used to receive packet data from the source terminal, the packet data includes the identification of the destination terminal; receive the virtual cluster head response sent by the cluster head of the adjacent sector, and the virtual cluster head response is found by the cluster head of the adjacent sector. Send after the terminal is a member of the sector cluster; receive the cluster head selection request from the base station, the cluster head selection request includes the cell radius, cell utilization rate and cluster head threshold; receive the cluster head announcement confirmation sent by the terminal, the cluster head announcement confirmation includes the terminal resource information and the updated access status of the terminal;

The search unit 1002 is configured to search the routing cache table for a path to the destination terminal according to the identifier of the destination terminal received by the receiving unit 1001;

A selection unit 1003, configured to select an interface when the search unit 1002 finds a path to the destination terminal;

Specifically, in one embodiment of the present invention, the selection unit 1003 may include a comparison unit for comparing the resource information of the cellular interface of the destination terminal recorded in the virtual cluster table with the resource information of the adhoc interface of the destination terminal; the processing unit, When the comparison unit determines that the resource information of the cellular interface is better than that of the adhoc interface, select the cellular interface; when the comparison unit determines that the resource information of the adhoc interface is better than the resource information of the cellular interface, select the adhoc interface.

The calculation unit 1005 is configured to subtract 1 from the field value of the TTL field when the packet data received by the receiving unit 1001 also includes a TTL field, and the receiving unit 1001 does not receive the virtual cluster head response sent by the cluster head of the adjacent sector, and trigger The sending unit 1004 sends a virtual cluster head request to the cluster head of the adjacent sector until the field value of the TTL field is 0.

The calculation processing unit 1006 is used to calculate the distance between the terminal and the base station, and determine whether the terminal is in the cluster head area according to the distance between the terminal and the base station and the cell radius received by the receiving unit 1001;

The determination unit 1007 is configured to determine whether the cluster head threshold is satisfied according to the resource information of the terminal when the calculation processing unit 1006 determines that the terminal is in the cluster head area;

The updating unit 1008 is configured to update the access status to direct access when the determining unit 1007 determines that the resource information of the terminal satisfies the cluster head threshold; confirm that the resource information of the terminal and the updated access status of the terminal include the pair according to the cluster head announcement. The virtual cluster table is updated;

The sending unit 1004 is configured to forward the packet data through the interface selected by the selection unit 1003 according to the path to the destination terminal found by the search unit 1002; The head sends a virtual cluster head request, and the virtual cluster head request includes the identification of the target terminal, so that the cluster head of the adjacent sector finds whether the target terminal is a member of the sector cluster where the cluster head of the adjacent sector is located; The data is sent to the cluster head of the adjacent sector that has sent the virtual cluster head response; when the resource information of the terminal is determined to meet the cluster head threshold by the determination unit 1007, the cluster head is sent to send the cluster head announcement, so that the terminal that receives the cluster head announcement is able to The access state is updated; the cluster head selection response is sent to the base station, and the cluster head selection response includes resource information of the cluster head and virtual cluster table information, so that the base station can update the terminal state table.

As can be seen from the above, in this embodiment, when the terminal does not have a path to the destination terminal in the routing cache table, the packet data can be sent to the cluster head of the adjacent sector, and the packet data can be sent to the destination terminal through the cluster head of the adjacent sector. Therefore, there is no need to send packet data through the base station, that is, link processing is performed at the terminal, which reduces the resource overhead of the base station. The terminal in this embodiment only needs to maintain the information of the cluster head of the adjacent sector and the information of the terminal in the cluster, which can reduce Communication complexity.

Figure 11 describes the structure of the first embodiment of the base station, including:

A receiving unit 1101, configured to receive packet data, where the packet data includes an identifier of a destination terminal;

A search unit 1102, configured to search for the identifier of the destination terminal from the terminal state table according to the packet data received by the receiving unit 1101;

A judging unit 1103, configured to judge whether the access status of the destination terminal is direct access when the search unit 1102 finds the identity of the destination terminal;

A selection unit 1104, configured to perform cluster head selection when the judging unit 1103 judges that the access status of the destination terminal is not direct access;

The sending unit 1105 is configured to send packet data to the core network when the search unit 1102 does not find the identity of the destination terminal; when the judging unit 1103 judges that the access state of the destination terminal is direct access, send the packet data to the destination terminal; When the access status of the destination terminal is not direct access, the packet data is sent to the cluster head selected by the selection unit 1104 .

It can be seen from the above that in this embodiment, the base station can directly send the packet data to the destination terminal or the cluster head according to the access state of the terminal, so that the packet data can be sent to the destination terminal through the cluster head, that is, part of the link processing is performed at the terminal , reducing the resource overhead of the base station.

Figure 12 describes the structure of the second embodiment of the base station, including:

The receiving unit 1201 is used to receive packet data, the packet data includes the identification of the destination terminal; receives the cluster head selection response from the cluster head in response to the cluster head selection request, and the cluster head selection response includes resource information and virtual cluster table information of the cluster head;

A search unit 1202, configured to search for the identifier of the destination terminal from the terminal state table according to the identifier of the destination terminal included in the packet data received by the receiving unit 1201;

A judging unit 1203, configured to judge whether the access status of the destination terminal is direct access when the search unit 1202 finds the identifier of the destination terminal;

A selection unit 1204, configured to perform cluster head selection when the judging unit 1203 judges that the access status of the destination terminal is not direct access;

The sending unit 1205 is configured to send packet data to the core network when the search unit 1202 does not find the identity of the destination terminal; when the judging unit 1203 judges that the access state of the destination terminal is direct access, send the packet data to the destination terminal; When the access state of the destination terminal is not direct access, send packet data to the cluster head selected by the selection unit 1204; broadcast a cluster head selection request, and the cluster head selection request includes a cell radius, a cell utilization rate, and a cluster head threshold;

Through the cell radius, cell utilization rate and cluster head threshold included in the cluster head selection request, the terminal receiving the cluster head selection request can confirm whether the terminal is a cluster head;

The updating unit 1206 is configured to update the terminal state table according to the cluster head selection response received by the receiving unit 1201 .

It can be seen from the above that in this embodiment, the base station can directly send the packet data to the destination terminal or the cluster head according to the access state of the terminal, so that the packet data can be sent to the destination terminal through the cluster head, that is, part of the link processing is performed at the terminal , which reduces the resource overhead of the base station; at the same time, the terminal state table can be updated according to the cluster head selection response, so that the records in the terminal state table are correct, and the reliability of communication can be improved.

Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented through computer programs to instruct related hardware, and the programs can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. During execution, it may include the processes of the embodiments of the above-mentioned methods. Wherein, the storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM) or a random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), etc.

The packet data sending method, base station, and terminal provided by the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, and the descriptions of the above embodiments are only used to help understand the methods and ideas of the present invention; meanwhile, for those skilled in the art, based on The idea of the present invention will have changes in specific implementation methods and application ranges. To sum up, the contents of this specification should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A packet data sending method, characterized in that, comprising: Obtain the packet data that needs to be sent; Determine whether the access status is direct access; If the access status is direct access, sending the packet data to the base station; If the access status is not direct access, select a cluster head from the cluster head table, and send the packet data to the cluster head; Among them, before selecting the cluster head from the cluster head table, it further includes: determining the type of service corresponding to the packet data; If the type of service corresponding to the packet data is a cellular access service, the step of selecting a cluster head from the cluster head table includes: selecting a cellular cluster head from the cluster head table; If the service type corresponding to the packet data is an adhoc access service, the step of selecting a cluster head from the cluster head table includes: selecting an adhoc cluster head from the cluster head table. 2. The packet data sending method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, before sending the packet data to the cluster head, it also includes: Adding a time-to-live field in the packet data, and setting a field value of the time-to-live field. 3. A packet data sending method, characterized in that, comprising: receiving packet data, the packet data including the identification of the destination terminal; Finding the identifier of the destination terminal from the terminal state table; If the identity of the destination terminal is not found, send the packet data to the core network; If the identity of the destination terminal is found, determine whether the access status of the destination terminal is direct access; If the access status of the destination terminal is direct access, send the packet data to the destination terminal; if the access status of the destination terminal is not direct access, perform cluster head selection and send to the selected cluster head The packet data. 4. The method for sending packet data according to claim 3, wherein when the access state of the destination terminal is hybrid access, the step of selecting a cluster head comprises: randomly selecting a cluster head from the cluster head table A cluster head; the step of sending the packet data to the selected cluster head includes: sending the packet data to a randomly selected cluster head through an adhoc interface; or When the access state of the destination terminal is cooperative access, the step of selecting a cluster head includes: selecting a cluster head from the cluster head table according to the resource information of the cluster head; The step of grouping data comprises: sending described grouping data to described selected one cluster head through cellular interface; Among them, cooperative access is to select a relay point access from the cluster head list, using a cell interface; hybrid access is to select a relay point access from the cluster head list, using an adhoc interface. 5. A terminal, characterized in that, comprising: an acquisition unit, configured to acquire packet data to be sent; a judging unit, configured to judge whether the access status of the terminal is direct access; A selection unit, configured to select a cluster head from the cluster head table when the judging unit judges that the access state of the terminal is not direct access; a sending unit, configured to send the packet data to the base station when the judging unit judges that the terminal's access status is direct access; when the judging unit judges that the terminal's access status is not direct access, sending the packet data to the cluster head selected by the selection unit; Wherein, the judging unit is further configured to judge the type of service corresponding to the packet data acquired by the acquiring unit when judging that the access status of the terminal is not direct access; The selection unit is used to select the cellular cluster head from the cluster head table when the judging unit judges that the type of service corresponding to the packet data is a cellular access service; the judging unit judges the type of business corresponding to the packet data When it is an adhoc access service, select the adhoc cluster head from the cluster head table. 6. The terminal according to claim 5, further comprising: A setting unit, configured to add a time-to-live field in the packet data and set a field value of the time-to-live field when the judging unit judges that the terminal's access state is not direct access. 7. A base station, characterized in that, comprising: a receiving unit, configured to receive packet data, where the packet data includes an identifier of a destination terminal; a search unit, configured to search for the identifier of the destination terminal from the terminal status table; A judging unit, configured to judge whether the access status of the destination terminal is direct access when the search unit finds the identity of the destination terminal; A selection unit, configured to select a cluster head when the judging unit judges that the access status of the destination terminal is not direct access; a sending unit, configured to send the packet data to the core network when the search unit does not find the identity of the destination terminal; when the judging unit judges that the access status of the destination terminal is direct access, sending the packet data to the destination terminal; sending the packet data to the cluster head selected by the selection unit when the access state of the destination terminal is not direct access.