CN102535263A - Roadbed with pile-net composite structure and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Roadbed with pile-net composite structure and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N spiromesifen Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1C(C(O1)=O)=C(OC(=O)CC(C)(C)C)C11CCCC1 GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a roadbed with a pile-net composite structure and a construction method thereof, which solve the technical problems that the soft soil foundation with an oversized area cannot be effectively treated and the settlement after construction cannot be effectively overcome in the prior art. The foundation comprises a prestressed pipe pile (1), a prestressed pipe pile cap (2), a prestressed pipe pile ground beam (3) and a mattress layer (4), wherein the mattress layer (4) sequentially consists of a gravel layer (5), a medium-coarse sand layer (6), a geogrid (7), a second medium-coarse sand layer (8) and a second gravel layer (9) from bottom to top, the thickness of the gravel layer is 25 cm, the particle size of gravel in the gravel layer is less than or equal to 3 cm, the mud content of the gravel layer is less than or equal to 5%, the thickness of the medium-coarse sand layer is 5 cm, the mud content of the medium-coarse sand layer is less than or equal to 5%, the two-way tensile strength of the geogrid (7) is greater than or equal to 80 kilonewtons/m, the elongation of the geogrid (7) is less than or equal to 15%, and the compaction coefficient of the mattress layer (4) is less than 0.9, and the construction method of the foundation is. The invention has low total construction cost and good economic benefit and popularization value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of railway bed, particularly a kind of railway bed and construction process thereof of a kind of net composite construction under the thick weak soil geological conditions of complicated marine sediment.
Background technology
In the work progress of high-speed railway subgrade, the roadbed that makes up good stability is the most basic requirement, and requirement roadbed after construction can not produce differential settlement.In the civil engineering process of roadbed; During the thick soft soil layer of complicated marine sediment of mud, silt clay and the mud matter layer of sand that have high-moisture when running into, high liquid limit, high-compressibility, porosity are big, highly sensitive, owe fixed, mechanical strength is low; Traditional roadbed of traditional railway soft soil foundation reinforcing method and structure can not reach the basic demand of stability, has seriously restricted the progress of construction.Overlarge area treatment of soft foundation technology has been become the technical barrier that unit in charge of construction's urgent need is captured.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the roadbed and the construction process thereof of a kind of net composite construction, solved prior art and can't effectively handle and the technical barrier that effectively overcomes settlement after construction the overlarge area soft foundation.
The present invention overcomes the above problems through following scheme:
The roadbed of a kind of net composite construction; Comprise pile for prestressed pipe, pile for prestressed pipe pile cover, pile for prestressed pipe grade beam and mattress layer; Mattress layer is made up of hardcore bed, medium coarse sand bed course, GSZ, the second medium coarse sand bed course and second hardcore bed from bottom to top successively, and the thickness of the thickness of hardcore bed and second hardcore bed is 25 centimetres, and the ballast grain sizes in the hardcore bed is less than or equal to 3 centimetres; The mud content of hardcore bed is less than or equal to 5%; The thickness of the thickness of medium coarse sand bed course and the second medium coarse sand bed course is 5 centimetres, and the mud content of medium coarse sand bed course is less than or equal to 5%, and the biaxial tension intensity of GSZ is more than or equal to 80,000 newton/meter; The elongation per unit length of GSZ is less than or equal to 15%, and the coefficient of consolidation of mattress layer is less than 0.9.
The bearing capacity of single pile of described pile for prestressed pipe is more than or equal to 910,000 newton; Described GSZ has multilayer; The seam of upper strata GSZ and lower floor's GSZ alternately is staggeredly arranged, and the distance that staggers of the adjacent seam of GSZ up and down is more than or equal to 0.5 meter.
The construction process of the roadbed of a kind of net composite construction may further comprise the steps:
The first step, serve as that design stake top mark is high, adds 50 centimetres working cushion layer and carry out the place and flatten, make the average bearing capacity of ground reach 35 kPas with the bottom surface of mattress layer;
Second the step, according to design drawing, to the pile tube ground stabilization, the mark piling foundation plan;
The 3rd step, to choose stake joint length be that 12 meters pile for prestressed pipe saves pile for prestressed pipe as head, press all the other joint pile for prestressed pipe of the long configuration of construction stake, saves the end stake welding stake point of pile for prestressed pipe at head, and drafting is the length mark of unit with rice on pile body;
The 4th step, head save pile for prestressed pipe apart from stake top 1/5 strong point, the colligation lifting rope saves pile for prestressed pipe with loop wheel machine with head and slings, and puts into a machine, the align piles position is inserted in the soil 30-50 centimetre with stake, proofread and correct the pile body verticality after;
The 5th step, treat first joint pile for prestressed pipe bury back and pile body stable after, use the Static pressure pile driver piling, carry out pile sinking with 1 m/min speed, stop pile sinking during the 0.5-1 rice left and right sides far from ground when head saves the pile for prestressed pipe top;
The 6th step, with manual welding method pile extension, before the welding, a first symmetrical spot welding 4-6 point on the groove circumference of two pile tubes of butt joint; Three welders with the position of interval 120 degree radians, weld two pile tubes that dock around pile tube simultaneously afterwards; The welding number of plies is no less than three layers; Naturally cool off more than 3 minutes after accomplishing welding job, then, carry out the second joint prestressed pipe sunk pile;
The 7th step, stop pile sinking during the 0.5-1 rice left and right sides far from ground when the second joint pile for prestressed pipe top; By the 6th the step step carry out the 3rd the joint pile for prestressed pipe welding and pile sinking, so be recycled to the final section pile for prestressed pipe, the welding point of every pile is no more than 3; After the stake bottom arrives bearing stratum; Carry out pile follower or cut the stake operation, carry out the operation of next pile afterwards, until the construction of accomplishing whole pile tubes;
The 8th goes on foot, presses the size and the absolute altitude of the pile for prestressed pipe pile cover of designing requirement, excavation pile cover foundation ditch, side form around the staking out cap; Assembling reinforcement after the assay was approved, is carried out concreting; The construction of pile for prestressed pipe grade beam is identical with the pile tube pile cover; After concrete pouring finishes, concrete is carried out the moist maintenance of water conservation, maintenance is less than 15 degrees centigrade with the difference of coolant-temperature gage and surface temperature of concrete;
The 9th the step, after the concrete strength of pile for prestressed pipe pile cover and pile for prestressed pipe grade beam reaches design strength; Carry out the mattress layer construction, the rubble laying depth that uses ballast grain sizes to be less than or equal to 3 centimetres is 25 centimetres of hardcore beds, and laying depth is 5 centimetres a medium coarse sand bed course then; Lay the GSZ of biaxial tension intensity then more than or equal to 80,000 newton/meter; And with 2 meters of the inside inflection of the GSZ of roadbed both sides, laying depth is 5 centimetres the second medium coarse sand bed course in the above afterwards, and the rubble laying depth that uses ballast grain sizes to be less than or equal to 3 centimetres again is 25 centimetres a second layer hardcore bed; GSZ adopts iron wire colligation overlap joint; Lap width is 0.2 meter between the banner, and the depth lap width is 2.0 meters, and GSZ can be multilayer; The seam of upper strata GSZ and lower floor's GSZ alternately staggers, and the distance that staggers is more than or equal to 0.5 meter;
The tenth step, steamroller, small-sized rammer cooperate mattress layer 4 are carried out compacting, after coefficient of consolidation is less than 0.9, bankets and roll.
The present invention has formed the roadbed of " stake-net " composite construction; Make embankment load pass through " stake-net " composite construction and reach down soil layer for sleeping in; Construction to overlarge area weak soil layer ground provides simple and effective processing method; Reach the requirement of bearing capacity of foundation soil and settlement after construction control, and thoroughly solved the technical barrier of overlarge area weak soil layer ground settlement after construction.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the subgrade structure sketch map of stake net composite construction of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the construction flow chart of the roadbed of stake net composite construction of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the construction technology process of static pressure pile for prestressed pipe of the present invention;
Among the figure: (a) press first section stake,,, (d), (e) be pile follower, (f) finish for pile follower for whole pile flattens to ground (c) for connecing the 3rd section stake (b) for connecing second section stake for preparing;
Fig. 4 is the construction flow chart of pile for prestressed pipe piling of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of mattress layer 3 of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
The roadbed of a kind of net composite construction comprises pile for prestressed pipe 1, pile for prestressed pipe pile cover 2, pile for prestressed pipe grade beam 3 and mattress layer 4.Comprise in the mattress layer 4, hardcore bed 5, medium coarse sand bed course 6, GSZ 7, the second medium coarse sand bed course 8 and second hardcore bed 9.Pile for prestressed pipe 1 is the PHC pile tube, mainly is made up of cylindrical shape pile body, end plate and steel hoop etc., adopts static pressure construction to accomplish, and work progress mainly contains and hangs stake, pitching pile, pile sinking, pile extension, pile follower, cuts pile crown, stops piling and the displacement of stake machine etc.After accomplishing, pile for prestressed pipe 1 construction carries out 2 constructions of pile for prestressed pipe pile cover; Earlier by 1.4 meters * 1.4 meters * 0.35 meter of the pile cover size of designing requirement; Side form around the staking out cap after the absolute altitude excavation puts in place, C35 concreting and maintenance are carried out in assembling reinforcement after the assay was approved.3 constructions of pile for prestressed pipe grade beam are identical with pile for prestressed pipe pile cover 2.The ingredient of mattress layer 4 is followed successively by hardcore bed 5, medium coarse sand bed course 6, GSZ 7, the second medium coarse sand bed course 8 and second hardcore bed 9 from bottom to top.Concrete construction is exactly that pile cover, grade beam are built completion, after the inter-pile soil removing surface is good, spread above that one deck hardcore bed 25 cm thicks hardcore bed 5; The employing road roller rolls; Small-sized rammer cooperates and test detects qualified back last layer 5 cm thick medium coarse sand bed courses 6, and tests and detect qualified back last layer 5 cm thick medium coarse sand bed courses 8, and manual work is shakeout; Lay the GSZ 7 that one deck biaxial tension intensity is not less than 80,000 newton/meter then; Overlap joint adopts No. 16 little iron wire colligations, connects and re-lays same 5 cm thick medium coarse sand bed courses 8 above this, and same manual work is shakeout; The superiors also for shop one deck hardcore bed 25 cm thicks hardcore bed 9, road roller roll the back detect test index such as degree of compaction qualified till.
The construction process of a kind of net composite foundation may further comprise the steps:
The first step, construction plant reach " three supplies and one leveling ", and the piece of smooth land serves as to add 50 centimetres of working cushion layers on the design stake top mark height to flatten at the bottom of with design rubble mattress layer, and ground should reach 35 kPas average bearing capacity of foundation soil.
Second step, require according to design drawing that ground stabilization lays out pile to pile tube, draw piling foundation plan and also calculate the single pile data;
The 3rd goes on foot, gets ready high-strength Prestressed Pipe Pile 1, and first joint stake joint length is 12 meters, and all the other joints are joined stake by construction stake length; With the good stake point of end stake welding earlier of each bar stake, on pile body, marking with rice is the length mark of unit, and indicates the length of stake by order from bottom to up, so that the force value when observing the embedded depth of stake and writing down this degree of depth is carried out the piling process record;
Emit orientation axis and control point earlier before the 4th step, the piling, by some lifting of pile press, colligation point is apart from 1/5 strong point of stake end during staking out; Forward stake in the machine to by loop wheel machine, pile tube is sling, put into a machine; Align piles position then; 0.5-1.0 rice in the soil is inserted in stake, after the correction pile body verticality, the beginning pile sinking;
The 5th step, pile sinking; Each pile sinking height is a piling stroke, treat the first segment stake bury certain depth and pile body stable after, undertaken by normal pile sinking speed again; Stop pile sinking during 1.0 meters left and right sides, first segment stake end distance ground and weld pile extension; Repeat the pile driving process of second joint, the 3rd joint etc. again, thereby accomplish the work progress of a pile, the pile sinking that so circulates just can be moved to down the pile construction after the power of holding;
The 6th step, pile extension and pile follower; Each joint all adopts manual welding method pile extension in the pile for prestressed pipe 1, before the welding, and elder generation's symmetrical spot welding 4-6 point on the groove circumference; During welding; Welded simultaneously in the direction that becomes hexagonal angle by three welders, the welding number of plies is no less than three layers, and the joint that welds will let it cool off naturally and just can exert pressure after being no less than 3 minutes;
The 7th step, when force value is design load near the final pressure value of piling, stake is long when also coincideing basically with the situation of corresponding cushion cap post position boring geologic information reflection, receives;
The 8th step, cast and maintenance pile cover 2 and grade beam 3; Pile for prestressed pipe pile cover 2, pile for prestressed pipe grade beam 3 sizes and absolute altitude by designing requirement excavate the back staking out cap grade beam both sides side form all around that puts in place, and concreting is carried out in assembling reinforcement after the assay was approved; Building its surface, back must be floating; And in time carry out the moist maintenance work of water conservation, and curing time must not be less than setting, and maintenance must not be greater than 15 degrees centigrade with the difference of coolant-temperature gage and surface temperature of concrete.Concrete strength reaches before 1.2 MPas, must not trample above that.
The 9th step, make up mattress layer 4: lay rubble 5 → laying medium coarse sand 6 → two-way GSZ 7 of laying → laying second layer medium coarse sand 8 → laying second layer rubble 8 → compacting detection with following activities.Ballast grain sizes is not more than 3 centimetres, and mud content is not more than 5%; In slightly should adopt prototype gradation in, coarse sand, its mud content must not be greater than 5%; Must not contain foreign material such as sharp stone, tree root in rubble 5,9 in the mattress layer 4 and the medium coarse sand 6,8.Two-way GSZ 7 specifications and tensile strength should meet design, require to adopt 16 good little iron wire colligation overlap joints, and its upper and lower layer seam should alternately stagger, and staggering distance should not be less than 0.2 meter of lap width between 0.5 meter banner, 2.0 meters of depth lap widths.Forbid to roll and the operation that directly on GSZ 7, rolls or walk of equipment such as transportation; Coefficient of consolidation should be less than 0.9.
The principle of pile for prestressed pipe dealing with complicated marine sediment deep soft soil foundation is: after pile for prestressed pipe gets into bearing stratum; Lay the composite foundation that certain thickness mattress layer forms " stake-net " structure on pile cover of building through the stake top casting and the pile cover; Make upper load evenly be delivered to down soil layer for sleeping in; To satisfy the ground requirement for bearing capacity, effectively control settlement after construction." net " in " stake-net " structure is that sand, rubble and two-way GSZ are formed certain thickness mattress layer, and " stake " is pile for prestressed pipe.
The pile tube quality control method:
1, silent piling vertical bearing capacity of single pile can roughly be judged through the termination pressure value of stake, but because of the difference of soil property different.The termination pressure of stake is not equal to the ultimate bearing capacity of single pile, confirm a COEFFICIENT K through the static load contrast test, and then utilization factor and termination pressure σ s, obtains the standard value σ k of vertical bearing capacity of single pile, i.e. σ k=K σ s.Termination pressure value as judging can not meet design requirement, and should take immediately to send to press and deepen to handle or mend stake, to guarantee the construction quality of pile foundation.
2, piling should be controlled end condition well.Piling when manometric pressure reaches 2 times of bearing capacity of single piles, can stop piling when the designing pile length, otherwise should determine whether to increase long together with design and supervisor.
3, piling should be carried out continuously, and pile extension all adopts the welding of steel end plate welding, and it is clean that the pile extension face should keep; Last hypomere center line should align, and deviation is not more than 10 millimeters; The node rise must not be long greater than 1%.
4, verticality control, the verticality of adjustment stake is the key of pile sinking quality, must pay much attention to.Pitching pile buries in the ordinary course of things 30-50 centimetre and is advisable, and carries out adjustment then.Stake machine operation personnel grasp on both sides' bevel protractor both direction return-to-zeros the long tissue of construction, commander down, make machine direction maintenance level in length and breadth, adjustment vertically at the standard permissible value with interior ability pile sinking.The builder observes the drilling depth variation of stake at any time in pile driving process, when like geological stratification obstruction, the skew of stake bar being arranged, should divide 1-2 stroke straightening gradually.
5, suitably limit piling speed, pile sinking speed generally is controlled at about l m/min and is advisable, and makes each layer soil body can correctly reflect its shear resistance.
The present invention adopts the static pressure method pile sinking to have characteristics such as noiselessness, friction, no impact force, construction stress be little; Can reduce piling vibration to ground and the influence that closes on building; Stake top is survivable, be difficult for producing eccentric pile sinking, the pile sinking precision is high, save pile material and reduce engineering cost; And can in piling construction, measure penetrating resistance and parameter is provided, and estimate and verify the supporting capacity of stake for design and construction.Speed of application is fast than other type stake, and the duration can be guaranteed, and technological process is clear, and is easy to operate, and construction safety is easy to control.This worker method is specially adapted to the processing that the railway bed bearing stratum depth is generally the complicated marine sediment deep soft foundation of 25-48 rice.This worker method is compared with the construction of CFG stake net, and the quantity of stake can significantly reduce, and the construction total cost is cheap relatively, has good economic benefits and promotional value.
Claims (3)
1. the roadbed of a stake net composite construction; Comprise pile for prestressed pipe (1), pile for prestressed pipe pile cover (2); Pile for prestressed pipe grade beam (3) and mattress layer (4) is characterized in that, mattress layer (4) is made up of hardcore bed (5), medium coarse sand bed course (6), GSZ (7), the second medium coarse sand bed course (8) and second hardcore bed (9) from bottom to top successively; The thickness of the thickness of hardcore bed (5) and second hardcore bed (9) is 25 centimetres; Ballast grain sizes in the hardcore bed is less than or equal to 3 centimetres, and the mud content of hardcore bed is less than or equal to 5%, and the thickness of the thickness of medium coarse sand bed course (6) and the second medium coarse sand bed course (8) is 5 centimetres; The mud content of medium coarse sand bed course is less than or equal to 5%; The biaxial tension intensity of GSZ (7) is more than or equal to 80,000 newton/meter, and the elongation per unit length of GSZ (7) is less than or equal to 15%, and the coefficient of consolidation of mattress layer (4) is less than 0.9.
2. the roadbed of stake net composite construction according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; The bearing capacity of single pile of described pile for prestressed pipe (1) is more than or equal to 910,000 newton; Described GSZ (7) has multilayer, and the seam of upper strata GSZ and lower floor's GSZ alternately is staggeredly arranged, and the distance that staggers of the adjacent seam of GSZ up and down is more than or equal to 0.5 meter.
3. the construction process of the roadbed of a stake net composite construction may further comprise the steps:
The first step, serve as that design stake top mark is high, adds 50 centimetres working cushion layer and carry out the place and flatten, make the average bearing capacity of ground reach 35 kPas with the bottom surface of mattress layer (4);
Second the step, according to design drawing, to the pile tube ground stabilization, the mark piling foundation plan;
The 3rd step, to choose stake joint length be that 12 meters pile for prestressed pipe saves pile for prestressed pipe as head, press all the other joint pile for prestressed pipe of the long configuration of construction stake, saves the end stake welding stake point of pile for prestressed pipe at head, and drafting is the length mark of unit with rice on pile body;
The 4th step, head save pile for prestressed pipe apart from stake top 1/5 strong point, the colligation lifting rope saves pile for prestressed pipe with loop wheel machine with head and slings, and puts into a machine, the align piles position is inserted in the soil 30-50 centimetre with stake, proofread and correct the pile body verticality after;
The 5th step, treat first joint pile for prestressed pipe bury back and pile body stable after, use the Static pressure pile driver piling, carry out pile sinking with 1 m/min speed, stop pile sinking during the 0.5-1 rice left and right sides far from ground when head saves the pile for prestressed pipe top;
The 6th step, with manual welding method pile extension, before the welding, a first symmetrical spot welding 4-6 point on the groove circumference of two pile tubes of butt joint; Three welders with the position of interval 120 degree radians, weld two pile tubes that dock around pile tube simultaneously afterwards; The welding number of plies is no less than three layers; Naturally cool off more than 3 minutes after accomplishing welding job, then, carry out the second joint prestressed pipe sunk pile;
The 7th step, stop pile sinking during the 0.5-1 rice left and right sides far from ground when the second joint pile for prestressed pipe top; By the 6th the step step carry out the 3rd the joint pile for prestressed pipe welding and pile sinking, so be recycled to the final section pile for prestressed pipe, the welding point of every pile is no more than 3; After the stake bottom arrives bearing stratum; Carry out pile follower or cut the stake operation, carry out the operation of next pile afterwards, until the construction of accomplishing whole pile tubes;
The 8th goes on foot, presses the size and the absolute altitude of the pile for prestressed pipe pile cover of designing requirement, excavation pile cover foundation ditch, side form around the staking out cap; Assembling reinforcement after the assay was approved, is carried out concreting; Pile for prestressed pipe grade beam (3) construction is identical with pile tube pile cover (2); After concrete pouring finishes, concrete is carried out the moist maintenance of water conservation, maintenance is less than 15 degrees centigrade with the difference of coolant-temperature gage and surface temperature of concrete;
The 9th the step, after the concrete strength of pile for prestressed pipe pile cover (2) and pile for prestressed pipe grade beam (3) reaches design strength; Carry out mattress layer (4) construction, the rubble laying depth that uses ballast grain sizes to be less than or equal to 3 centimetres is 25 centimetres of hardcore beds (5), and laying depth is 5 centimetres a medium coarse sand bed course (6) then; Lay the GSZ (7) of biaxial tension intensity then more than or equal to 80,000 newton/meter; And with inwardly 2 meters of the inflection of the GSZ (7) of roadbed both sides, laying depth is 5 centimetres the second medium coarse sand bed course (8) in the above afterwards, and the rubble laying depth that uses ballast grain sizes to be less than or equal to 3 centimetres again is 25 centimetres a second layer hardcore bed (9); GSZ adopts iron wire colligation overlap joint; Lap width is 0.2 meter between the banner, and the depth lap width is 2.0 meters, and GSZ (6) can be multilayer; The seam of upper strata GSZ and lower floor's GSZ alternately staggers, and the distance that staggers is more than or equal to 0.5 meter;
The tenth step, steamroller, small-sized rammer cooperate mattress layer 4 are carried out compacting, after coefficient of consolidation is less than 0.9, bankets and roll.
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| CN104947560B (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2017-04-19 | 中国二十冶集团有限公司 | Pile-net composite roadbed pile top differential settlement control method |
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| CN113089627A (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2021-07-09 | 中电建路桥集团有限公司 | Construction method of prestressed pipe pile composite foundation for deep soft soil surcharge preloading |
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| CN112227342A (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-01-15 | 广西交科集团有限公司 | Steel slag-doped composite foundation structure and construction method thereof |
| CN113089627A (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2021-07-09 | 中电建路桥集团有限公司 | Construction method of prestressed pipe pile composite foundation for deep soft soil surcharge preloading |
| CN113152418A (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2021-07-23 | 中电建路桥集团有限公司 | Preloading tubular pile composite foundation suitable for deep soft soil area |
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