CN102513400A - Method for forging alloy seamless steel pipe by die cast hollow ingot - Google Patents
Method for forging alloy seamless steel pipe by die cast hollow ingot Download PDFInfo
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- CN102513400A CN102513400A CN2011104169405A CN201110416940A CN102513400A CN 102513400 A CN102513400 A CN 102513400A CN 2011104169405 A CN2011104169405 A CN 2011104169405A CN 201110416940 A CN201110416940 A CN 201110416940A CN 102513400 A CN102513400 A CN 102513400A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for forging an alloy seamless steel pipe by a die cast hollow ingot. The method comprises the following steps: casting the smelted and finely smelted alloy molten steel into the hollow ingot; heating the hollow ingot to a deformation temperature, forging the hollow ingot for 2-3 times; setting a core rod in the hollow ingot during the forging process; rounding the forged hollow ingot by a round anvil, and then processing into a desired steel pipe. The method for forging the alloy seamless steel pipe by the die cast hollow ingot of the invention is featured with high metal yield, short production period and low production cost. The specification and length of the product are unlimited, so that the seamless steel pipe with desired outer diameter and wall thickness can be forged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the seamless steel pipe manufacturing technology, relate in particular to a kind of method of the alloy seamless steel pipe with die casting hollow steel ingot forging heavy caliber and heavy wall.
Background technology
Seamless steel pipe adopts pilger mill, tandem rolling tube machine, extruder to be rolled production usually; General carbon steel, low-alloy steel and structural alloy steel adopt the direct tube rolling production of pipe mill; But chrome molybdenum high-alloy seamless steel pipe that high-pressure boiler is used such as P91, P92 are because of the alloy content height; Milling train perforation load is high, folding defective in steel pipe internal-surface occurs easily.Usually be rolled production again after adopting forging stock, strip plate or electroslag ingot bore hole; To reduce the punch load, improve the steel pipe internal-surface quality, and adopt this technology; Recovery rate of iron is low; Production cycle is long, receives the influence of tube rolling unit capacity, pipe specification and compression ratio, and the steel pipe specification can be very limited.
At present; The method that adopts heavy caliber alloy steel seamless pipe in the Radial Forging Technology production is arranged; This method is: heavy caliber hollow bloom during the molten steel of process refining is become by centrifugal casting; The surfaces externally and internally of middle heavy caliber hollow bloom carries out machined, and the thickness of cutting of inner surface is no less than 5 millimeters, and the outer surface thickness of cutting is no less than 2 millimeters; And in the one or both ends of hollow bloom affixed carbon steel " chuck material ", the length of " chuck material " is 300～800 millimeters; The middle heavy caliber hollow bloom that machines heats through two kinds of mode of heatings; In hollow bloom, insert plug, import then and carry out the forging shaping in the radial forging, make the satisfactory pipe fitting of wall thickness, diameter and length.There is following defective in this method: middle heavy caliber hollow bloom is centrifugal casting; Need carry out the surfaces externally and internally machined, in pipe two ends welding " chuck material ", the pipe production cost is high; Recovery rate of iron is low; And receive centrifugal casting machine and footpath to forge the restriction of capabilities, and the external diameter of pipe, weight and length all will be restricted, and middle heavy caliber pipe fitting external diameter and the wall thickness therefore produced all can be very limited.
Adopt the mode of open die forging also can produce large-sized heavy-wall tube, but because steel pipe is long and internal diameter is little, so diameter of bore is difficult to forge, only is forged into solid bar, the machined endoporus for producing large-sized heavy-wall tube, causes great waste of material again.In addition; The requisite big allowance of open die forging has also aggravated the waste of material; Simultaneously greatly increase the machined cost, what is more important has to use large steel ingot and large tonnage pressing machine owing to stock utilization is extremely low, makes that like this production difficulty and properties of product are difficult to guarantee.
In addition, the heavy caliber, heavy wall chrome molybdenum high alloy (for example P91, the P92) high-pressure boiler tube that are used for overcritical power station unit require steel pipe length greater than 5 meters, and external diameter is greater than Φ 450mm, and wall thickness is greater than 60mm, and compression ratio is greater than 3.And big such as high-alloy steel deformation temperature narrow range, bad plasticity, the resistance of deformation of P91, P92, cause processing difficulties, production cost is high and production process is long, is that a difficult problem, the especially large-sized heavy-wall tube that the high alloy steel pipe is produced relies on import for a long time always.Because chrome molybdenum high-alloy steel perforation load is big, receives the restriction of mill capacity, with the steel ingot tube rolling of directly boring a hole, can occur wearing motionless or steel pipe internal-surface produce in the folding defective, and receive the influence of steel ingot weight, compression ratio does not reach the regulation requirement behind the tube rolling.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned one or more problems that exist in the prior art; The invention provides a kind of method with die casting hollow steel ingot wrought alloys seamless steel pipe, said method comprises the steps: the alloy molten steel through smelting and refining is molded into hollow steel ingot; Hollow steel ingot is heated to its deformation temperature scope, and forging and pressing are carried out forging to hollow steel ingot through the 2-3 passage; When forging and pressing, be provided with plug in the hollow steel ingot; Peep circle with the hollow steel ingot of circular anvil mould after and be shaped, be reprocessed into the steel pipe of expectation forging.
The deformation temperature scope of the hollow steel ingot that is formed by the die casting of chrome molybdenum high alloy molten steel can be 1150 ℃-1250 ℃.
When carrying out every time forging and pressing, when the hollow steel ingot temperature reaches 870 ± 20 ℃, stop forging and pressing, and again hollow steel ingot is heated to its deformation temperature scope, accomplish up to each passage forging and pressing.
The diameter of plug can be than the endoporus of hollow steel ingot little 10mm to 25mm, and plug can the water flowing cooling.
The drafts of first passage can be 40mm to 60mm, and the drafts of second passage can be 25mm to 35mm, and the drafts of the 3rd passage can be 5mm to 20mm.
The method of employing hollow steel ingot forging steel pipe of the present invention does not receive the restriction of steel ingot ingot shape, and outer diameter of steel pipes and length can not receive strict restriction, and thickness of steel pipe is thick more, and the recovery rate of metal is high more, and cost is low more.Therefore; The method of employing hollow steel ingot wrought alloy seamless steel pipe of the present invention has recovery rate of iron height, with short production cycle, advantage such as production cost is low; And malleable make external diameter more than Φ 450mm, the seamless steel pipe of wall thickness more than 60mm, be particularly suitable for the production of high-alloy steel heavy caliber thick wall seamless steel tube.
The specific embodiment
Method according to wrought alloys seamless steel pipe of the present invention comprises the steps: the alloy molten steel (for example, chrome molybdenum high alloy molten steel) through smelting and refining is molded into hollow steel ingot; Hollow steel ingot is heated to its deformation temperature scope, and forging and pressing are carried out forging to hollow steel ingot through the 2-3 passage; When forging and pressing, be provided with plug in the hollow steel ingot; Peep circle with the hollow steel ingot of circular anvil mould after and be shaped, be reprocessed into the steel pipe of expectation forging.
The deformation temperature scope of the hollow steel ingot that is formed by the die casting of chrome molybdenum high alloy molten steel can be 1150 ℃-1250 ℃.
When carrying out every time forging and pressing, when the hollow steel ingot temperature reaches 870 ± 20 ℃, stop forging and pressing, and again hollow steel ingot is heated to its deformation temperature scope, accomplish up to each passage forging and pressing.
The diameter of plug can be than the endoporus of hollow steel ingot little 10mm to 25mm, and plug can the water flowing cooling.
The drafts of first passage can be 40mm to 60mm, and the drafts of second passage can be 25mm to 35mm, and the drafts of the 3rd passage can be 5mm to 20mm.
Be described in detail below in conjunction with the method for specific embodiment wrought alloys seamless steel pipe of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
In embodiment 1, adopt the P91 steel to come the alloying seamless steel pipe.At first, first steel-making water is carried out electric arc furnace smelting, tapping when carbon in the molten steel≤0.03%, phosphorus≤0.004%, temperature>=1650～1680 ℃, tapping process carries out liquid steel pre-deoxidizing and alloying.Then, make molten steel, carry out deoxidation, desulfurization, removal field trash, adjustment alloying component at the LF stove through the LF external refining.Hang out the LF stove when liquid steel temperature reaches when 1680 ℃～1700 ℃ and chemical composition satisfy standard-required, the molten steel of using the LF stove carries out the VD application of vacuum, removes gas and field trash.Subsequently, will pass through the hollow steel ingot that molten steel after electric furnace smelting and external refining, the application of vacuum is molded into internal diameter Φ 330mm, external diameter Φ 930mm.
The hollow steel ingot that is cast into is delivered to gas-fired heater heat, and hollow steel ingot is heated to the deformation temperature scope, for chrome molybdenum high alloy steel ingot, the deformation temperature scope is 1150 ℃～1250 ℃.Then the hollow steel ingot that heats is placed on the anvil of forging press; Feeder is clamped the endoporus of the plug insertion hollow steel ingot of external diameter Φ 310mm; Water flowing cooling in the plug simultaneously; Forging machine carries out the pulling of first passage by the drafts of 60mm to hollow steel ingot, and the hollow ingot temperature stops forging and pressing when reaching 870 ± 20 ℃.Then; Send hollow blank back to heating furnace and carry out the heating second time; And make hollow blank reach the deformation temperature scope, for example 1150 ℃～1250 ℃, the steel ingot that heats is hung out carry out the forging and pressing of second passage subsequently; Drafts by 35mm carries out the pulling of second passage to hollow steel ingot, when the hollow ingot temperature reaches 870 ± 20 ℃, stops forging and pressing.Through after different drafts carry out the forging of several time, the formation external diameter is that 545mm, internal diameter are the hollow bloom of 320mm and wall thickness 112.5mm.
At last, can the hollow bloom that form be peeped circle with the circular anvil mould of endoporus 530～540mm and be shaped, reduce the processing capacity of steel tube surface, improve recovery rate of iron, reduce production costs.Then, send heating furnace to anneal the steel pipe of forging, steel pipe two end-grain cutting after the annealing are flat, and machining surface is processed into the steel pipe of 510mm (external diameter) * 85mm (thickness), after Overheating Treatment, become qualified tubing.
Embodiment 2
In embodiment 2, adopt the P92 steel to come the alloying seamless steel pipe.First steel-making water is carried out electric arc furnace smelting, tapping when carbon in the molten steel≤0.03%, phosphorus≤0.003%, temperature>=1650～1680 ℃, tapping process carries out liquid steel pre-deoxidizing and alloying.Then, make molten steel, carry out deoxidation, desulfurization, removal field trash, adjustment alloying component at the LF stove through the LF external refining.Hang out the LF stove when liquid steel temperature reaches when 1680 ℃～1700 ℃ and chemical composition satisfy standard-required, the molten steel of using the LF stove carries out the VD application of vacuum, removes gas and field trash.Subsequently, will pass through the hollow steel ingot that molten steel after electric arc furnace smelting and external refining, the application of vacuum is molded into internal diameter Φ 320mm and external diameter Φ 1080mm.
The hollow steel ingot that is cast into is delivered to gas-fired heater heat, and hollow steel ingot is heated to the deformation temperature scope, for chrome molybdenum high alloy steel ingot, the deformation temperature scope is 1150 ℃～1250 ℃.Then the hollow steel ingot that heats is placed on the anvil of forging press; Feeder is clamped the endoporus of the plug insertion hollow steel ingot of external diameter Φ 310mm; Water flowing cooling in the plug simultaneously; Forging machine carries out the pulling of first passage by the drafts of 40mm to hollow steel ingot, and the hollow ingot temperature stops forging and pressing when reaching 870 ± 20 ℃.Then, send hollow blank back to heating furnace and carry out the heating second time, and make the hollow ingot temperature reach the deformation temperature scope; For example 1150 ℃～1250 ℃; Subsequently the hollow ingot that heats is hung out and carry out second passage and forge, hollow steel ingot is carried out the pulling of second passage, when the hollow ingot temperature reaches 870 ± 20 ℃, stop forging and pressing by the drafts of 25mm; Sending hollow ingot back to heating furnace heats for the third time; Heating-up temperature hangs out when reaching 1150～1250 ℃ carries out the forging of the 3rd passage, and the drafts by 20mm carries out forging to hollow steel ingot earlier, again drafts is transferred to 10mm and carries out forging.Through after different drafts carry out the forging of several time, the formation external diameter is that 577mm, internal diameter are the hollow bloom of 349mm and wall thickness 114mm.
With the circular anvil mould of endoporus 580～590mm hollow bloom is peeped circle at last and be shaped, reduce the processing capacity of steel tube surface, improve recovery rate of iron, reduce production costs.The steel pipe of forging send heating furnace to anneal, and steel pipe two end-grain cutting after the annealing are flat, and machining surface is processed into the steel pipe of 559mm (external diameter) * 95mm (thickness), after Overheating Treatment, becomes qualified tubing.
Embodiment 3
In embodiment 2, adopt 91 steel to come the alloying seamless steel pipe.First steel-making water is carried out electric arc furnace smelting, tapping when carbon in the molten steel≤0.03%, phosphorus≤0.004%, temperature>=1650～1680 ℃, tapping process carries out liquid steel pre-deoxidizing and alloying.Then, make molten steel, carry out deoxidation, desulfurization, removal field trash, adjustment alloying component at the LF stove through the LF external refining.Hang out the LF stove when liquid steel temperature reaches when 1680 ℃～1700 ℃ and chemical composition satisfy standard-required, the molten steel of using the LF stove carries out the VD application of vacuum, removes gas and field trash.Subsequently, will pass through the hollow steel ingot that molten steel after the application of vacuum of electric furnace smelting and external refining is molded into internal diameter Φ 295mm and external diameter Φ 880mm.
The hollow steel ingot that is cast into is delivered to gas-fired heater heat, and hollow steel ingot is heated to the deformation temperature scope, for chrome molybdenum high alloy steel ingot, the deformation temperature scope is 1150 ℃～1250 ℃.Then the hollow steel ingot that heats is placed on the anvil of forging press; Feeder is clamped the endoporus of the plug insertion hollow steel ingot of external diameter Φ 280mm; Water flowing cooling in the plug simultaneously; Forging machine carries out the pulling of first passage by the drafts of 50mm to hollow steel ingot, and the hollow ingot temperature stops forging and pressing when reaching 870 ± 20 ℃.Then; Send hollow blank back to heating furnace and carry out the heating second time, and make hollow ingot reach the deformation temperature scope, for example 1150 ℃～1250 ℃; Subsequently the hollow ingot that heats is hung out and carry out the forging of second passage; Drafts by 30mm carries out the pulling of second passage to hollow steel ingot, when the hollow ingot temperature reaches 870 ± 20 ℃, stops forging and pressing, sends hollow ingot back to heating furnace and heats for the third time; Heating-up temperature hangs out when reaching 1150～1250 ℃ carries out the 3rd passage and forges, and by the drafts of 18mm hollow steel ingot is carried out forging.Through after different drafts carry out the forging of several time, the formation external diameter is that 482mm, internal diameter are the hollow bloom of 319mm and wall thickness 81.5mm.
With the circular anvil mould of endoporus 470～480mm hollow bloom is peeped circle at last and be shaped, reduce the processing capacity of steel tube surface, improve recovery rate of iron, reduce production costs.The steel pipe of forging send heating furnace to anneal, and steel pipe two end-grain cutting after the annealing are flat, and machining surface is processed into the steel pipe of 457mm (external diameter) * 60mm (thickness), after Overheating Treatment, becomes qualified tubing.
In the method for wrought alloys of the present invention (for example chrome molybdenum high alloy) seamless steel pipe, the surfaces externally and internally of hollow steel ingot need not carry out machined, and steel ingot is directly delivered to heating furnace and heated; Heat according to the deformation temperature scope of chrome molybdenum high-alloy steel such as P91, P92, temperature send hydraulic press to forge after reaching requirement, during forging plug is inserted the hollow steel ingot endoporus; Preferably, the plug size is than the little 10～25mm of hollow steel ingot endoporus, and the plug water flowing is cooled off; Hollow steel ingot does not need welding " chuck material ", and steel ingot forges the steel pipe that becomes to need through 2～3 passages, wherein; The drafts that first passage is forged is 40～60mm; The drafts that second passage is forged is 25～35mm, and the drafts that the 3rd passage is forged is 5～20mm, and final forging temperature is controlled at more than the Ac3 of steel grade.Steel pipe after the forging carries out annealing in process again, and the steel pipe excision after the annealing is carried out the surfaces externally and internally machined end to end, and the steel pipe after the processing is heat-treated to production tube.
In addition, the high-alloy steel hollow steel ingot that adopts die casting to produce forges through the hydraulic forging press cored bar, has overcome the problem that the pipe material needs surfaces externally and internally machined, processing charges increase and recovery rate of iron to reduce; Adopt hollow steel ingot forging steel pipe not need welding " chuck material ", reduced processing chuck material process and welding sequence; Adopt hollow steel ingot forging steel pipe not receive the restriction of steel ingot ingot shape, outer diameter of steel pipes and length do not receive special restriction, and thickness of steel pipe is thick more, and the recovery rate of metal is high more, and cost is low more.Therefore; The method that employing hollow steel ingot of the present invention forges seamless steel pipe has recovery rate of iron height, with short production cycle, advantage such as production cost is low; And product specification, length are unrestricted; But the forging external diameter more than Φ 450mm, the seamless steel pipe of wall thickness more than 60mm, be particularly suitable for the production of high-alloy steel heavy caliber thick wall seamless steel tube.
Claims (7)
1. the method with die casting hollow steel ingot wrought alloys seamless steel pipe is characterized in that said method comprises the steps:
The alloy molten steel that will pass through smelting and refining is molded into hollow steel ingot;
Hollow steel ingot is heated to its deformation temperature scope, and forging and pressing are carried out forging to hollow steel ingot through the 2-3 passage; When forging and pressing, be provided with plug in the hollow steel ingot;
Peep circle with the hollow steel ingot of circular anvil mould after and be shaped, be reprocessed into the steel pipe of expectation forging.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the deformation temperature scope of hollow steel ingot is 1150 ℃-1250 ℃.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, when carrying out every time forging and pressing, when the hollow steel ingot temperature reaches 870 ± 20 ℃, stops forging and pressing, and again hollow steel ingot is heated to its deformation temperature scope, accomplishes up to each passage forging and pressing.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the diameter of plug is than the little 10mm to 25mm of endoporus of hollow steel ingot, and the plug water flowing is cooled off.
5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the drafts of first passage is 40mm to 60mm.
6. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the drafts of second passage is 25mm to 35mm.
7. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the drafts of the 3rd passage is 5mm to 20mm.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN103056183A (en) * | 2013-01-24 | 2013-04-24 | 太原科技大学 | Thick-walled seamless steel tube short process casting and squeezing continuous formation method |
| CN103386587A (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2013-11-13 | 甘肃酒钢集团西部重工股份有限公司 | Method for grinding centrifugal hollow steel ingot for large-sized ring part |
| CN106756500A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-05-31 | 天津钢管集团股份有限公司 | High-intensity high-tenacity seamless steel pipe for gas cylinder and production method |
| WO2018192011A1 (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2018-10-25 | 南通盛立德金属材料科技有限公司 | Integrated stainless steel pipe production line |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103056183A (en) * | 2013-01-24 | 2013-04-24 | 太原科技大学 | Thick-walled seamless steel tube short process casting and squeezing continuous formation method |
| CN103386587A (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2013-11-13 | 甘肃酒钢集团西部重工股份有限公司 | Method for grinding centrifugal hollow steel ingot for large-sized ring part |
| CN103386587B (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2015-11-25 | 甘肃酒钢集团西部重工股份有限公司 | A kind ofly grind the method for large ring processed with centrifugal hollow steel ingot |
| CN106756500A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-05-31 | 天津钢管集团股份有限公司 | High-intensity high-tenacity seamless steel pipe for gas cylinder and production method |
| CN106756500B (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2018-10-02 | 天津钢管集团股份有限公司 | High-intensity and high-tenacity seamless steel pipe for gas cylinder and production method |
| WO2018192011A1 (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2018-10-25 | 南通盛立德金属材料科技有限公司 | Integrated stainless steel pipe production line |
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