CN102511216A - Ridging method for greenhouse cucumber cultivation without continuous cropping obstacles - Google Patents
Ridging method for greenhouse cucumber cultivation without continuous cropping obstacles Download PDFInfo
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- CN102511216A CN102511216A CN2011104460814A CN201110446081A CN102511216A CN 102511216 A CN102511216 A CN 102511216A CN 2011104460814 A CN2011104460814 A CN 2011104460814A CN 201110446081 A CN201110446081 A CN 201110446081A CN 102511216 A CN102511216 A CN 102511216A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a ridging method for greenhouse cucumber cultivation without continuous cropping obstacles. The ridging method comprises the following steps of: 1) preparing a low plot, and laying a pesticidal geotextile on the surface of the plot, wherein the pesticidal geotextile consists of a lower geotextile which is treated with 8 to 12-mass-percent trisodium phosphate aqueous solution and 40 to 60-mass-percent N-2-benzimidazole-methyl carbamate powder and an upper geotextile which is treated with 0.2-mass-percent copper hydroxide aqueous solution; 2) spreading straw on the pesticidal geotextile, wherein the straw layer consists of straw wetted by water and a straw zymophyte agent and calcium superphosphate which contact the straw; 3) applying urea on the straw layer, and covering planting soil for fermentation; and 4) preparing plot surface and thus, preparing plot for cultivating cucumbers in a greenhouse. According to the ridging method, CO2 and small molecular substances generated straw yeasts are fully utilized, so compared with the ordinary cultivation method, the ridging method has the advantages that: the yield of the cucumbers is improved by about 11 percent; and the cucumbers are sweet and crisp.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of furrow method of doing that is used for the greenhouse culture cucumber, particularly a kind of furrow method of doing that is used for the greenhouse culture cucumber that can overcome continuous cropping obstacle.
Background technology
Cucumber also is green cucumber, perverse melon, Curcurbitaceae annual herb plant.Cucumber cultivation is with a long history, and plantation is worldwide vegetables extensively, is distributed widely in all over China, and is one of main greenhouse product.Along with the rapid popularization of greenhouse by solar heat in northern China, especially the greenhouse cucumber cultivated area with Liaoning, Shandong, Hebei, Beijing and Tianjin and other places increases obviously in recent years.
According to statistics, China's greenhouse by solar heat in 2010 and plastic tunnel reach 330,000 hectares (4,960,000 mus) and 670,000 hectares (1,007 ten thousand mu) respectively, increase by 30% and 23% than the last year.Wherein the cultivated area of cucumber reaches 40% of the greenhouse by solar heat gross area in the greenhouse by solar heat, in greenhouse vegetable production, occupies critical role.Cucumber yield is high in addition, and is profitable, and wherein every batch every mu about 0.7-1.0 of cucumber yield is ten thousand kilograms, and 6-8 commodity melon produced in every strain approximately, brought the high economic profit to the vegetable grower, so the cultivated area of greenhouse cucumber remains high for many years always.
Along with the increase year by year of greenhouse by solar heat area and the expansion of greenhouse cucumber industrialization management scale; During greenhouse cucumber produces because continuous cropping for many years; Soil salinization degree increases, and soil compaction, fertility obviously descend, and soil-borne disease (especially fusarium wilt) increases the weight of year by year; The continuous cropping obstacle problem has become the bottleneck of restriction greenhouse cucumber high yield and high quality, has hindered the enthusiasm of vegetable grower's plantation greatly.Add up according to investigations: usable floor area 667m
2First batch in greenhouse produce about 10,000 kilograms of melon, second batch is about 0.9 ten thousand kilograms, the 3rd batch only is about 0.7 ten thousand kilograms, just can not plant cucumber again in the period of the later 2-3.Caused leaving unused of a large amount of greenhouses and replanting of crop, the planting technology difficulty is increased.Therefore, study a kind of novelly, overcome the efficiency cultivation technology for high of continuous cropping obstacle, be very important.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to provide the furrow method of doing that is used for the greenhouse culture cucumber, thereby effectively overcome succession cropping obstacle of green cucumber.
The furrow method of doing that is used for the greenhouse culture cucumber provided by the present invention comprises the steps:
1) digs low furrow, on the furrow face of said low furrow, lay medicinal geotextiles; Said medicinal geotextiles is made up of two geotextiles up and down; The geotextiles that is positioned at the below is 8-12% through the quality percentage composition; Trisodium phosphate aqueous solution as 10% (passivation virus) and quality percentage composition are 40-60%, handle like N-2-benzimidazole base-methyl carbamate pulvis of 50%; The geotextiles that is positioned at the top is that 0.2% the Kocide SD aqueous solution (through suitable heating preparation, killing bacterium) was handled through the quality percentage composition;
2) on the said medicinal geotextiles of step 1), lay a stalk layer, said stalk layer by through the stalk of water-wet, with the said stalk fermentation microbial inoculum that contacts through the stalk of water-wet with form with the said superphosphate that contacts through the stalk of water-wet;
3) in step 2) evenly spread fertilizer over the fields urea on the said stalk layer, cover afterwards and go up planting soil and ferment;
4) make the furrow face after the fermentation ends, obtain being used for the furrow of greenhouse culture cucumber.
In the said method, the width of said low furrow can be 1.1 meters, and the degree of depth can be 30-40 centimetre, and length is by the span decision in greenhouse.
In one embodiment of the invention; Use said 8-12%; Soak the geotextiles that plastic film is removed in (as 30 minutes) like 10% trisodium phosphate aqueous solution, then on said geotextiles according to the consumption of 2-4g/ square metre of said geotextiles, evenly spreading fertilizer over the fields said quality percentage composition is 40-60%; Like 50%N-2-benzimidazole base-methyl carbamate pulvis, obtain the said geotextiles that is positioned at the below; The said geotextiles that is arranged in the top is made according to the method that comprises the steps: the Kocide SD aqueous solution with said 0.2% soaks (as 30 minutes), and another removes the geotextiles of plastic film, obtains the said geotextiles that is positioned at the top.Be stitched together with two said geotextiles of handling well about the needlework general, prevent to misplace when two-layer said geotextiles moves up and down.When laying said medicinal geotextiles should with around the said medicinal geotextiles along reserving 30-40 centimetre on the furrow wall.
Step 2) microbial inoculum of stalk fermentation described in is the straw biological fermentation ditch special bacterium song that Beijing Jingpuyuan Bio-engineering Co., Ltd. produces, and the registration number of this product is: the accurate word of microorganism fertilizer (2003) (0114).
In the practical operation, the consumption of said stalk fermentation microbial inoculum is the 0.3-0.5% of said stalk weight, or 0.5%; Said stalk weight is with dry weight basis; The consumption of said superphosphate is that 30-40 gram/square metre stalk is laid area, or 40 grams/square metre stalk is laid area.
The consumption of urea described in the step 3) is that 10-20 gram/square metre stalk is laid area, or 15 grams/square metre stalk is laid area.
The laying depth of stalk step 2) is 10-20 centimetre, or 15 centimetres; In an embodiment of the present invention, said stalk is specially maize straw.The time of fermenting described in the step 3) is 10-15 days, or 15 days.The cladding thickness of planting soil described in the step 3) is specially 15-25 centimetre, or 20 centimetres.
Make the furrow face described in the step 4) and also comprise the step of spreading fertilizer over the fields nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and soil mixing; In the said nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, the N element is made up of ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and urea nitrogen, and their quality percentage compositions are respectively 4%, 6% and 10%; The existence form of P is P
2O
5, its quality percentage composition is 20%, the existence form of K is K
2O, its quality percentage composition is 20%, all the other compositions are auxiliary material.
In the practical operation, the consumption of said nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is a 20-40 gram/square metre furrow face area, or 30 gram/square metre furrow face areas.
In an embodiment of the present invention, step 1) is said digs before the low furrow, also comprises the step of soil disinfection.The employed medicine of said disinfecting soil is specially must speed goes out (chemical name: tetrahydrochysene-3,5-dimethyl-1,3,5-fills in diazole-2-thioketones) fine granule.Said tetrahydrochysene-3,5-dimethyl-1,3, the service property (quality) percentage composition of 5-plug diazole-2-thioketones fine granule is specially 98-100%, and consumption is specially 40-60 gram/square metre soil area.The concrete grammar of said soil disinfection is: with said tetrahydrochysene-3, and 5-dimethyl-1,3; 5-plug diazole-2-thioketones fine granule is spread fertilizer over the fields soil surface uniformly; 30 centimetres of soil deeptillages make the abundant mixing of soil and medicine, and covered with plastic film at least 5 days on it; Loosen the soil 1-2 time, placed afterwards 2 days.
In an embodiment of the present invention, step 1) is said digs low furrow and can specifically carry out according to following steps: north-south trench digging in said greenhouse, according to wide 1.1 meters; Dark 30-40 centimetre standard is dug low furrow; The furrow face is harrowed broken leveling, do between furrow and the furrow one wide 30 centimetres, dark 20 centimetres ditch; Said ditch is as drain ditch or passageway; The length of said furrow is adjusted according to the greenhouse span.
The face of furrow described in the step 4) is wide 40 centimetres, high 10-15 centimetre Liang Tiaolong, 30 centimetres at interval on said two ridges.
The furrow that are used for the greenhouse culture cucumber that obtained by the said furrow method of doing that is used for the greenhouse culture cucumber also belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Generally, said greenhouse is a greenhouse by solar heat.
The said furrow that are used for the greenhouse culture cucumber belong to protection scope of the present invention in the application one of cucumber greenhouse by solar heat cultivation.
In the said application, comprise the step of cucumber seedling being carried out field planting; In the said field planting, the spacing in the rows of said cucumber seedling is 25 centimetres on said greenhouse by solar heat north, and the spacing in the rows of said cucumber seedling is 30 centimetres in said greenhouse by solar heat the south; Said greenhouse by solar heat is for sitting south, north, the greenhouse that thing prolongs.In an embodiment of the present invention, said cucumber seedling is the seedling that grows to 3-4 sheet true leaf.During field planting, the part that said cucumber seedling root system is comparatively flourishing is towards the south, and the rhizome part slightly is exposed to soil.
As required, after said cucumber seedling field planting, can add a cover the sunshade net of 60-80% when fine.
After the cucumber seedling field planting, can regulate and control environmental condition: the 5-9 month, can add a cover the cooling of 50%-60% sunshade net according to following method; Day temperature is controlled at 20-28 ℃ in the said greenhouse by solar heat, and nocturnal temperature is controlled at 12-18 ℃; Air humidity remains on 60%-70% in the said greenhouse by solar heat, and soil keeps moisture state always.Can carry out rich water quality management according to following method: water once every 4-6 days seedling stage, use in per two weeks mass percentage concentration be 0.1% nitrogen phosphorus potassium (20-20-20) composite fertilizer pouring once; After florescence and florescence, said nitrogen phosphorus potassium (20-20-20) composite fertilizer with 0.1% watered once in per 10 days, per 20 days potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliage-sprays with 0.1-0.3%, and water in good time; Said in good time watering to holding soil, the not agglomerating needs of soil water; Said water permeable for watering; Said watering time at 9 in morning of fine day between at 4 in afternoon, overcast and rainyly do not water, until uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested.
The Heterogeneous Composite thickness of wall body in said greenhouse is not less than 60cm, and cob wall thickness is that local frozen soil layer thickness adds 50cm, and ridge is tall and big, and the back roofing elevation angle is not less than the sun altitude of the local positive period of the day from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m in Winter Solstice in equaling 2.8 meters, and the backhouse face thickness is more than or equal to 0.4 meter; The computing formula of the sun altitude of the said positive period of the day from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m is: height of the sun at noon=90 degree-(local latitudes-sun direct projection latitude).
The present invention compares with prior art, has following advantage:
1, the preparation method of medicinal geotextiles of the present invention is unique, and this medicinal geotextiles can obviously suppress duplicating of virus, and the generation of control fungi and bacteriosis is very obvious for control soil-borne disease and continuous cropping obstacle effect.
2, the present invention adopts and lays stalk, zymophyte song, superphosphate and mixing in the low furrow, spreads fertilizer over the fields urea on it again.This method had both been regulated C/N ratio, for the growth of plant nitrogenous fertilizer and calcium P elements was provided timely again.
3, the spacing in the rows north of plant is little, in the south big during field planting of the present invention.Made full use of the characteristic distributions of illumination in the greenhouse by solar heat, appropriate dense planting.
4, the present invention has made full use of the carbonic acid gas and the small-molecule substance of stalk fermentation deposits yields, and cucumber yield is high about 11% than the common cultivation method, and mouthfeel is sweet crisp, is fit to very much agricultural production company and peasant household's use, and practicality has a extensive future.
Embodiment
Employed experimental technique is conventional method like no specified otherwise among the following embodiment.
Used material, reagent etc. like no specified otherwise, all can obtain from commercial sources among the following embodiment.
Embodiment 1, the cultivation of cucumber greenhouse by solar heat
1, the selection of greenhouse by solar heat
Select for use and sit south, north, the greenhouse by solar heat that thing prolongs, the thickness of its native gable and side wall is 100 centimetres, and ridge is high 2.8 meters, 34 ° at back roofing angle, 50 centimetres of backhouse face thicknesses, 7 meters of greenhouse spans.5 batches of cucumber have been planted in this greenhouse continuously.
2, soil disinfection
In the greenhouse, according to 50 grams/square metre consumption, be the 98% (chemical name: tetrahydrochysene-3 that must speed goes out with mass percentage concentration; 5-dimethyl-1; 3,5-fills in diazole-2-thioketones) fine granule spreads fertilizer over the fields soil surface, 30 centimetres of soil deeptillages uniformly; Make the abundant mixing of soil and medicine, and covered with plastic film 6 days on it.Loosen the soil afterwards 1 time, do furrow after 2 days wholely.
3, the making of medicinal geotextiles
Get the new geotextiles of two volumes, all remove the plastic film on it, wherein one twist in immersion 30 minutes (passivation virus) in 10% trisodium phosphate aqueous solution, pull out to flatten and dry.Evenly spread fertilizer over the fields very thin one deck (about 3 gram/square metre geotextiles) mass percentage concentration then in the above and be 50% carbendazim (chemical name: pulvis N-2-benzimidazole base-methyl carbamate); Another volume geotextiles is to soak 30 minutes (killing bacterium) in 0.2% the Kocide SD aqueous solution in mass percentage concentration then; Pull out to flatten and dry; Be tiled on first geotextiles; And with needlework two geotextiles are stitched together, prevent to misplace when two-layer geotextiles moves up and down, make medicinal composite earthwork cloth.
4, furrow are done in arrangement
(1) dig low furrow: north-south trench digging in the greenhouse, according to 1.1 meters * 6 meters, dark 30 centimetres standard is dug low furrow, and the furrow face is harrowed broken leveling, does one widely 30 centimetres between furrow and the furrow, and dark 20 centimetres ditch can be used as the drain ditch and also can be used as the passageway.
(2) shop stalk: make the medicinal geotextiles that performs on low furrow furrow face upper berth; All around along the medicinal geotextiles of reserving 30 centimetres on the furrow wall; On medicinal geotextiles, repave 15 cm thicks without the cutting dry maize straw, water sprays stalk moistening, with on the furrow face not water be advisable.Spread fertilizer over the fields bent (the straw biological fermentation ditch special bacterium song that Beijing Jingpuyuan Bio-engineering Co., Ltd. produces of straw biological fermentation ditch special bacterium of dry stalk weight 0.5% (mass percent concentration) on it; The registration number of this product is: the accurate word of microorganism fertilizer (2003) (0114)); And spread fertilizer over the fields superphosphate (P elements is provided for a long time) by the amount that 40 gram/square metre stalks are laid area; Pat stalk gently, microbial bacterial agent, superphosphate and stalk are fully contacted.Afterwards by 15 the gram/square metre amount evenly spread fertilizer over the fields urea (forbidding patting stalk) again, cladding thickness is 20 centimetres a planting soil immediately, ferments 15 days.
(3) do the furrow face: after the fermentation, (the N element is made up of ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and urea nitrogen, and their quality percentage compositions are respectively 4%, 6% and 10% to spread fertilizer over the fields nitrogen phosphorus potassium (20-20-20) composite fertilizer according to the amount of 30 gram/square metre furrow face areas; The existence form of P is P
2O
5, its quality percentage composition is 20%, the existence form of K is K
2O, its quality percentage composition is 20%, all the other compositions are auxiliary material) and soil mixing, the furrow face is made wide 40 centimetres, high 15 centimetres Liang Tiaolong, the ridge is spaced apart 30 centimetres.
5, the field planting of cucumber seedling
When treating cucumber seedling growth to 3-4 sheet true leaf, adopting two ridge triangle field planting, is 25 centimetres near the half ridge spacing in the rows on north, greenhouse, and half ridge spacing in the rows in the south is 30 centimetres.Dark cave surface planting when planting is fully unfolded root system, and the part that root system is flourishing especially is towards the south, and the rhizome part slightly is exposed to soil during earthing, irritates permeable after the field planting in the ditch.When fine, need add a cover 70% sunshade net, promote slow seedling.
6, the environmental condition of greenhouse by solar heat regulation and control
In the cucumber growth process, need add a cover the cooling of 60% sunshade net 5-9 month.The temperature 20-27 on daytime ℃, nocturnal temperature 12-16 ℃.Air humidity remains on 60%, and soil keeps moisture state always.
7, rich water quality management
Per 5 days of seedling stage watered once, and per two weeks with the pouring of nitrogen phosphorus potassium (20-20-20) composite fertilizer once; Nitrogen phosphorus potassium (20-20-20) composite fertilizer with 0.1% watered once in 3 months per 10 days afterwards, all will irrigate at every turn, watered the 10 AM of the time of fertile and water at fine day.Potassium dihydrogen phosphate with 0.2% sprayed the blade face in per 20 days, up to uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested.
According to the method described above, continuous continuous 3 batches of the cucumber of No. three kinds of plantation natural resources in the greenhouse by solar heat of step 1, the cultivated area of every batch of cucumber all is 667 square metres.Yield result to three batches of cucumber of continuous plantation is added up, and gets 7 of average every batch of every strain results cucumber, and average every batch of cucumber yield is 0.95 ten thousand kilogram; Adopt the greenhouse by solar heat of traditional soil cultivation, No. three cucumber of continuous 3 years plantation natural resources, 6.2 of cucumber are gathered in the crops in every batch of every strain, and every batch of average yield is 0.85 ten thousand kilogram.Increase production about 11%.Through tasting, apparent in viewly feel that the cucumber of adopting this cultivation method to produce is sweet crisp than the mouthfeel of produced in conventional processes.
Claims (10)
1. be used for the furrow method of doing of greenhouse culture cucumber, comprise the steps:
1) digs low furrow, on the furrow face of said low furrow, lay medicinal geotextiles; Said medicinal geotextiles is made up of two geotextiles up and down, and the geotextiles below being positioned at is that 8-12% trisodium phosphate aqueous solution and quality percentage composition are that 40-60%N-2-benzimidazole base-methyl carbamate pulvis was handled through the quality percentage composition; The geotextiles that is positioned at the top is that 0.2% the Kocide SD aqueous solution was handled through the quality percentage composition;
2) on the said medicinal geotextiles of step 1), lay a stalk layer, said stalk layer by through the stalk of water-wet, with the said stalk fermentation microbial inoculum that contacts through the stalk of water-wet with form with the said superphosphate that contacts through the stalk of water-wet;
3) in step 2) evenly spread fertilizer over the fields urea on the said stalk layer, cover afterwards and go up planting soil and ferment;
4) make the furrow face after the fermentation ends, obtain being used for the furrow of greenhouse culture cucumber.
2. method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: in the step 1); The said geotextiles that is positioned at the below is made according to the method that comprises the steps: the geotextiles of soaking a removal plastic film with said 8-12% trisodium phosphate aqueous solution; Then on said geotextiles according to the consumption of 2-4g/ square metre of said geotextiles, evenly spreading fertilizer over the fields said quality percentage composition is 40-60%N-2-benzimidazole base-methyl carbamate pulvis, obtain said be positioned at the below geotextiles; The said geotextiles that is arranged in the top is made according to the method that comprises the steps: the Kocide SD aqueous solution with said 0.2% soaks another geotextiles of removing plastic film, obtains the said geotextiles that is positioned at the top.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: step 2) described in the consumption of stalk fermentation microbial inoculum be the 0.3-0.5% of said stalk dry weight, or 0.5%; Said stalk weight is with dry weight basis; The consumption of said superphosphate is that 30-40 gram/square metre stalk is laid area, or 40 grams/square metre stalk is laid area.
4. according to arbitrary described method among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: the consumption of urea described in the step 3) is that 10-20 gram/square metre stalk is laid area, or 15 grams/square metre stalk is laid area.
5. according to arbitrary described method among the claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: step 2) described in the laying depth of stalk be 10-20 centimetre, or 15 centimetres; The time of fermenting described in the step 3) is 10-15 days, or 15 days.
6. according to arbitrary described method among the claim 1-5, it is characterized in that: make the furrow face described in the step 4) and also comprise the step of spreading fertilizer over the fields nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer.
7. method according to claim 6 is characterized in that: the consumption of said nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is a 20-40 gram/square metre furrow face area, or 30 gram/square metre furrow face areas.
8. the furrow that are used for the greenhouse culture cucumber that obtain by arbitrary described method among the claim 1-7.
9. the application of the said furrow of claim 8 in the cultivation of cucumber greenhouse by solar heat.
10. application according to claim 9 is characterized in that: in the said application, comprise the step of cucumber seedling being carried out field planting; In the said field planting, the spacing in the rows of said cucumber seedling is 25 centimetres on said greenhouse by solar heat north, and the spacing in the rows of said cucumber seedling is 30 centimetres in said greenhouse by solar heat the south; Said greenhouse by solar heat is for sitting south, north, the greenhouse that thing prolongs.
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| CN201110446081.4A CN102511216B (en) | 2011-12-28 | 2011-12-28 | Ridging method for greenhouse cucumber cultivation without continuous cropping obstacles |
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| CN103004471A (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2013-04-03 | 南京信息工程大学 | Method for eliminating facility cultivated vegetable continuous cropping obstacle and application of method |
| CN106900319A (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2017-06-30 | 新疆生产建设兵团第六师农业科学研究所 | A kind of cucumber in solar-greenhouse method for culturing seedlings for overcoming continuous cropping obstacle |
| CN107318403A (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2017-11-07 | 安徽禾泉农庄生态农业有限公司 | A kind of method for improving cucumber fruits quality |
| CN108633560A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2018-10-12 | 泰州市蒲公英农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of low cost fruit and vegetable greenhouses continuous cropping implantation methods |
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| EP1763989A1 (en) * | 2005-09-14 | 2007-03-21 | W/M Systems B.V. | Cultivation system and method for the cultivation of crops |
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| CN102511216B (en) | 2014-05-14 |
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