CN102470487A

CN102470487A - Method for producing an asymmetric diffuser using different laser positions

Info

Publication number: CN102470487A
Application number: CN200980161012XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 扬·闵采尔; 托马斯·波德戈尔斯基
Original assignee: Siemens AG
Current assignee: Siemens AG
Priority date: 2009-08-17
Filing date: 2009-08-17
Publication date: 2012-05-23
Also published as: EP2467228B1; WO2011020490A1; US20120205355A1; RU2012110219A; RU2505387C2; EP2467228A1

Abstract

The production of complex holes (I) in a substrate, as in the prior art, is simplified by using a laser (22) in five different angular positions (I, II, III, IV, V) relative to a substrate (4) to be processed.

Description

Utilize different laser device position to make the method for asymmetric diffusion part

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of method that is used to make the hole with asymmetric diffusion part, wherein the position, angle of laser instrument changes with respect to matrix during processing discontinuously.

Background technology

It is known using laser manufacturing hole in matrix, and wherein laser also moves from the teeth outwards.

Become known for making the method for the perforation of sidewall in the prior art with side direction gauge.Therefore at US 6,420, a kind of method that is used for supporting ground structure cooling air perforations of explanation in 677 at turbine blade laser.Propose at this, laser pulse sequence is transmitted on the surface of turbine blade, wherein evaporation section turbine material makes to constitute perforation along z axis.

Summary of the invention

Therefore the objective of the invention is, a kind of method that starts said type is provided, wherein not have the damage of the perforated side wall that appearance causes owing to the interaction with laser beam.

This purpose realizes through method according to claim 1 and 2.

According to the present invention, this purpose realizes through the partial volume that in a plurality of manufacturing steps, constitutes the hole respectively.

List other favourable measures in the dependent claims, said measure can at random be made up each other, to realize other advantage.

Therefore, basic thought of the present invention is to construct these partial volumes with the cumulative volume part volume of perforation to be made and in each manufacturing step.Through by laser beam correspondingly to the sidewall processing of the side direction of perforation, remove the construction material of some single partial volumes.

At this, the laser beam preferred orientation becomes, and makes said laser beam and processed sidewall surround the angle greater than 8 °.Because during making perforation, laser beam closely and does not abreast point to component surface with the sidewall that has constituted of boring a hole, so prevent the unallowed interaction between laser beam and sidewall.In addition, the cumulative volume with perforation is divided into the perforation geometry that a plurality of partial volumes allow to constitute complicacy.

Replace laser, can also use electron beam or similarly.

Propose according to another configuration according to the present invention, laser beam is oriented, and makes said laser beam and processed sidewall surround greater than 10 ° and less than 90 °, is preferably greater than 15 ° and less than 80 °, and especially is preferably greater than 20 ° and less than 60 ° angle.Especially preferred is 9 ° angle.

In expanded configuration of the present invention, propose, make pulse laser beam point to the component surface in the hole.At this, can use laser beam with variable pulse width.Pulse width can be positioned at 50ns to 800ns, preferred 70ns to 600ns and especially in the scope between 200ns to 500ns.By this pulse laser beam, evaporation member material especially apace.This is especially favourable for making diffusion part.

In an advantageous manner also can be with having at 20kHz to 40kHz, the preferred 25kHz to 35kHz and the directed component surface of the frequency in the scope of 28kHz to 32kHz especially.This is especially favourable for making diffusion part.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing illustrates:

Fig. 1 illustrate film-cooling hole to be made and

Fig. 2-8 illustrates the sketch map of method flow,

Fig. 9 illustrates gas turbine,

Figure 10 illustrate turbine blade and

Figure 11 illustrates the superalloy tabulation.

Specification and accompanying drawing are only explained embodiments of the invention.

The specific embodiment

In the hole in matrix 41 shown in Fig. 1.The hole that hole 1 preferably connects is not a blind hole.

Matrix 4 especially has the superalloy according to the Ni-based or cobalt-based of Figure 11 in turbine blade 120,130.

Film-cooling hole 1 has at least two sections that constitute 7,10 differently, especially only has two sections 7,10.First section is interior part 7, and part is preferred in cross section in said constitutes cylindrical or rotation constitutes symmetrically or have at least one constant cross section flowing out on the direction 8.Film-cooling hole 1 on the overflow direction 9 of hot gas by overflow.The outflow direction 8 and the overflow direction 9 of cooling medium acutangulate each other.

Towards surface 12, the cross section of film-cooling hole 1 broadens with respect to interior part 7 from the certain depth under the outer surface 12 of matrix 4.This is expressed as diffusion part 10.At 14 places, inflection point of the face 17a in the left side of film-cooling hole 1, the vertical line on the inner face 17a 19 on surface 12 with matrix 4 in opposed section 15 intersect, wherein said inflection point is expressed as from the transition of diffusion part 10 part 7 in opposed.

Fig. 2 illustrates vertical view diffusion part 10, surface 12 that has according to Fig. 1.On overflow direction 9, diffusion part 10 is seamed edge 22 ' and the trailing edge 22 before the surface has on 12 " (, can also be crooked still) at this straight line preferably.The

lateral side wall

11 ', 11 of diffusion part 10 " (at this straight line preferably, but can also be crooked) have two different angle [alpha], β with respect to preceding seamed edge 22 '.Diffusion part 10 is widened transverse to overflow direction 9 and is had

sidewall

11 ', 11 with respect to the extension that is represented by dotted lines of interior part 7 ", said sidewall has two different angle [alpha] and β.Preferably, α＜β; α, β＜90 °.

Flow process in the signal of the method that is used for manufacturing hole 1 shown in Fig. 3 to 8.Processing is preferably carried out with the mode of " perforate ".This method to be providing matrix 4 beginning (Fig. 3), said matrix then by laser instrument 22 or electron beam source in first jiao of position (I), preferably in first laser positions (I) processed (Fig. 4).Exemplarily use laser instrument as processing equipment below.

At this, make the interior part 7 (Fig. 4) of matrix 4 to opposed inner face 13 (cavity) from the surface 12 of matrix 4.Preferably needn't move (" impact ") at this laser instrument 22.At this, keep remainder 16, so that process diffusion part 10 (Fig. 4).Interior part 7 is accomplished and is made.

Zone 16 (Fig. 4) also to be removed after the part 7 in processing shown in Fig. 8.Preferably remove this volume to be removed 16 step by step with four.

Removal at remainder shown in Fig. 5 to 8 16.What represent with α and β is the orientation (Fig. 2) of remainder 16 according to angle α and β.

First volume 33 to be removed at remainder shown in Fig. 5 16.First's volume 33 is for having dimetric basal plane 30 (above figure), two leg-of-

mutton sides

32 ', 32 " and as two opposed tetragonal 32 of side " ', 32 " " polyhedron.Overflow direction 9 is shown equally, and said overflow direction is extended on basal plane, that is to say, basal plane 30 is nearest from surface 12.Face 32 " " be positioned on the inner face of diffusion part 10.This partial volume 33 is made in the second laser position II, and said second laser positions is different from the first laser positions I.By side 32 " ', 32 " " seamed edge 31 that forms " " and point in the inside of part 7.This partial volume 33 is pentahedron (polyhedrons of five).

In third step, remove another part volume 36 according to Fig. 6.Second portion volume to be removed 36 is in abutting connection with the tetragonal face 32 according to the front of Fig. 5 " '; wherein this partial volume 36 is similarly and has dimetric basal plane (=face 32 " ') and four leg-of-mutton 36 '; 36 " polyhedron, 36 " ', said basal plane are the contact-making surface with polyhedron 33.

Partial volume

33 and 36 forms partial volume 42, and said partial volume 42 is for having the tetragonal basal plane 30 of 4 leg-of-mutton sides 41 '.Partial volume 36 has tip 35.Partial volume 36 and partial volume 42 (=33+36) be pentahedron.This partial volume 36 is made in the second laser positions III, and said laser positions is different from the first laser positions II.

Shown in Fig. 7, how and then according to Fig. 5,6

partial volume

33,36 or partial volume 42 are made third part volume 39.This obtains partial volume 48.At this, in the 4th laser positions, remove partial volume 39, said partial volume 39 promptly has the side of littler angle α in abutting connection with the side 41 ' (Fig. 6) in the left side of polyhedron 42.Laser positions IV is different from laser positions III and especially also is different from laser positions I, II.The basal plane of partial volume 39 is leg-of-mutton, and in abutting connection with the contact-making surface 41 ' of polygon 42, the tip 35 of center partial volume 36 extends to tip 45 and obtains new partial volume 48.

(Fig. 8) removes another part volume 51 in new the 5th position V that changes, and makes to remove zone 16 fully.Because partial volume 51, the tip 54 of said partial volume 51 are again with respect to tip 45 prolongations and in abutting connection with the sidewall with diffusion part of littler angle α.Laser positions V preferably is different from laser positions IV and preferably is different from laser positions I, II, III.When the bonding coating that has metal, during the preferably bonding coating of MCrAlY type, and/or the ceramic layer on this layer or matrix 4, can also as described in top, form film-cooling hole 1.

Fig. 9 illustrates gas turbine 100 for example with partial longitudinal section.Gas turbine 100 has in inside and has rotor 103 axle, that can install rotationally around rotation 102, and this rotor is also referred to as turbine rotor.Along rotor 103 be followed successively by air intake casing 104, compressor 105, have a plurality of coaxial settings burner 107 especially be combustion chamber 110, turbine 108 and the exhaust casing 109 of the for example anchor ring shape of toroidal combustion chamber.Toroidal combustion chamber 110 is communicated with for example ring-like hot-gas channel 111.For example four stage of turbines that connect in succession 112 form turbine 108 in ring-like hot-gas channel 111.Each stage of turbine 112 is for example formed by two blade rings.Flow direction along working medium 113 is observed, and in hot-gas channel 111, the row 125 who is formed by rotor blade 120 follows guide vane row 115.

At this, guide vane 130 is fixed on the inner housing 138 of stator 143, and this row's 125 rotor blade 120 for example is installed on the rotor 103 by the turbine disk 133.Generator or machine for doing work (not shown) are coupled to rotor 103.

At gas turbine 100 duration of works, compressor 105 sucks air 135 and compression through air intake casing 104.The compressed air that provides at place, the turbo-side end of compressor 105 caused burner 107 and there with fuel mix.Then mixture burns in combustion chamber 110, thereby forms working medium 113.Working medium 113 rises therefrom along hot-gas channel 111 and flows through guide vane 130 and rotor blade 120.Working medium 113 is sentenced the mode of transmitting momentum at rotor blade 120 and is expanded, and makes rotor blade 120 drive rotors 103 and this rotor drives the machine for doing work that couples above that.

The member that is exposed to hot working fluid 113 bears thermic load at gas turbine 100 duration of works.Except the interior heat shield element that is lining in toroidal combustion chamber 110, the guide vane 130 of first turbine stage of observing along the flow direction of working medium 113 112 bears the highest thermic load with rotor blade 120.In order to withstand the temperature that the there exists, the guide vane of first turbine stage and rotor blade can cool off by cooling agent.Equally, the matrix of member can have directed structure, and they are monocrystalline (SX structure) or the crystal grain (DS structure) that only has portrait orientation in other words.For example, iron-based, Ni-based or cobalt-base superalloy be as the material of member, in particular as the material of the member of turbo blade 120,130 and combustion chamber 110.For example by EP 1 204 776 B1, EP 1 306 454, EP 1 319 729 A1, WO 99/67435 or WO 00/44949 known such superalloy.

Blade 120,130 can have erosion-resisting coating (MCrAlX equally; M is at least a element in iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), the nickel (Ni), and X is active element and represents yttrium (Y) and/or silicon, scandium (Sc) and/or at least a rare earth element, or hafnium).Can be by EP 0 486 489B1, EP 0 786 017 B1, EP 0 412 397 B1 or the known such alloy of EP 1 306 454 A1.

Thermal insulation layer can also be arranged also for example by ZrO on MCrAlX ₂, Y ₂O ₃-ZrO ₂Form, that is, thermal insulation layer is because yittrium oxide and/or calcium oxide and/or magnesia and astable, partially stabilized or complete stability.Suitable coating method through for example electro beam physics vapour deposition (EB-PVD) produces columnar grain in thermal insulation layer.

Guide vane 130 has towards the guide vane root of the inner housing 138 of turbine 108 (not shown here), and with the opposed guide vane head of guide vane root.The guide vane head is towards rotor 103 and be fixed on retainer ring 140 places of stator 143.

Figure 10 is at the rotor blade 120 or the guide vane 130 along longitudinal axis 121 extensions of fluid machinery shown in the stereogram.

Said fluid machinery can be gas turbine, steam turbine or the compressor in power plant aircraft or that be used to generate electricity.

Blade 120,130 has along longitudinal axis 121 in succession: FX 400, the bucket platform 403 that is adjacent to FX and blade 406 and blade taper 415.As guide vane 130, blade 130 can have another platform (not shown) at its blade taper 415 places.

In FX 400, be formed with and be used for rotor blade 120,130 is fixed on the root of blade 183 on axle or the dish (not shown).Root of blade 183 for example constitutes tup.Other configurations as fir shape root or swallow-tail form root are feasible.Blade 120,130 has for the medium that flows through blade 406 meets stream seamed edge 409 and flows out seamed edge 412.

In traditional blades 120,130, use for example solid metal material, especially superalloy in the All Ranges 400,403,406 of blade 120,130.For example by EP 1 204 776 B1, EP 1 306 454, EP 1 319 729 A1, WO 99/67435 or WO 00/44949 known such superalloy.In this case, blade 120,130 can pass through casting, also can make up by directional solidification, through forging method, through milling method or its and make.

The workpiece that will have a mono-crystalline structures or a plurality of mono-crystalline structures is with the member of the machine that acting on the load that bears high machinery, heat and/or chemistry of being in operation.The manufacturing of this monocrystalline workpiece is for example through being undertaken by the directional solidification of fused mass.At this, this relates to a kind of casting method, and wherein liquid metal alloy is solidified as the monocrystalline structure, is monocrystalline workpiece, perhaps directional solidification.In this case; Dendritic crystal is directed along hot-fluid; And form the grainiess (column ground, the crystal grain that on the whole length of workpiece, distributes in other words, and be called directional solidification according to general speech habits) of column crystal at this; Perhaps form mono-crystalline structures, whole work-piece is made up of unique crystal in other words.In these methods, must avoid being transited into sphere (polycrystalline) and solidify, because constitute horizontal and vertical crystal boundary inevitably through nondirectional growth, said horizontal and vertical crystal boundary disappears the superperformance of member directional solidification or monocrystalline.If mention oriented freezing organization prevailingly, then be meant the monocrystalline that does not have crystal boundary or be up to low-angle boundary and have along the longitudinal direction the crystal boundary that distributes really but do not have the columnar crystal structure of horizontal crystal boundary.Second kind of crystal structure of being mentioned is also referred to as oriented freezing organization.By US-PS 6,024,792 with the known such method of EP 0,892 090 A1.

Blade 120,130 can have anticorrosive or oxidation resistant coating, for example (MCrAlX equally; M is at least a element in iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), the nickel (Ni), and X is active element and represents yttrium (Y) and/or silicon and/or at least a rare earth element, or hafnium (Hf)).Can be by EP 0 486 489 B1, EP 0 786 017 B1, EP 0 412 397 B1 or the known such alloy of EP 1 306454 A1.Density preferably solid density 95%.On the MCrAlX layer, form protectiveness alumina layer (TGO=thermal grown oxide layer (thermal growth oxide layer)) (as intermediate layer or outermost layer).

Preferably, composition of layer has Co-30Ni-28Cr-8Al-0.6Y-0.7Si or Co-28Ni-24Cr-10Al-0.6Y.Except that these cobalt-based protection coating, also preferably use Ni-based protective layer, for example Ni-10Cr-12Al-0.6Y-3Re or Ni-12Co-21Cr-11Al-0.4Y-2Re or Ni-25Co-17Cr-10Al-0.4Y-1.5Re.

Thermal insulation layer can also be arranged also for example by ZrO on MCrAlX ₂, Y ₂O ₃-ZrO ₂Form, that is, thermal insulation layer is owing to yittrium oxide and/or calcium oxide and/or magnesia is astable, partially stabilized or complete stability.Thermal insulation layer covers whole M CrAlX layer.Suitable coating method through for example electro beam physics vapour deposition (EB-PVD) produces columnar grain in thermal insulation layer.Other coating methods also are admissible, for example gas phase plasma spraying (APS), LPPS (low-voltage plasma spraying), VPS (vacuum plasma spray coating) or CVD (chemical vapour deposition (CVD)).Thermal insulation layer can have crystal grain porous, that micro crack or macrocrack are arranged, is used for heat shock resistance better.Therefore, thermal insulation layer is preferably than MCrAlX layer porous more.

Handle (Refurbishment) again and mean member 120,130 after it is used, must remove the protective layer (for example through sandblast) on member 120,130 in case of necessity.Afterwards, remove corrosion layer and/or oxide layer or product.In case of necessity, go back crack in the rebuilt component 120,130.Be that member 120,130 is applied afterwards again, and reuse member 120,130.

Blade 120,130 can constitute hollow or solid.If cooled blade 120,130, then blade is hollow and also has film-cooling hole 418 (being illustrated by the broken lines) in case of necessity.

Claims

1. be used for making complicated hole (1) at matrix (4); The method in the hole (1) that especially connects; Said hole (1) has the especially interior part (7) and the diffusion part (10) of symmetry, and the cross section of said diffusion part (10) is different from the cross section of said interior part (7), and said diffusion part (10) is especially asymmetric; Wherein at least one laser instrument (22) is used to make interior part (7) and diffusion part (10); It is characterized in that said laser instrument (22) changes five times with respect to the position, angle (I, II, III, IV, V) of said matrix (4) at least, especially change only five times.

2. be used for making complicated hole (1) at matrix (4), the method in the hole (1) that especially connects, said hole (1) has the especially interior part (7) and the asymmetric diffusion part (10) of symmetry; It is characterized in that; At first make the said interior part (7) of film-cooling hole (1), wherein also side by side make the part of said diffusion part (10), wherein step by step with at least four; Especially only remove the remainder (16) that also keeps step by step with four, to be used to make said diffusion part (10).

3. method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; At first make the said interior part (7) in said hole (1), wherein also make the part of said diffusion part (10) simultaneously, wherein with at least four (II, III, IV, V) removals step by step; Especially with only four remove the said remainder (16) that also keeps step by step, to be used to make said diffusion part (10).

4. method according to claim 2; It is characterized in that; Laser instrument (22) is used to remove said remainder (16) at least, and wherein said laser instrument (22) changes four times with respect to the position, said angle (II, III, IV, V) of said matrix (4) at least, especially changes only four times.

5. according to claim 1,2,3 or 4 described methods, it is characterized in that, for making said interior part (7) or in position, said angle (I), not moving laser instrument (22).

6. according to claim 1,2,3 or 4 described methods; It is characterized in that; When making said diffusion part (10), move said laser instrument (22); Especially move at least one among said angle position II, III, IV, the V, more specifically move to said remainder (16) built-in sidewall (17a, 17b) on.

7. according to claim 1,2,3,4 or 6 described methods, it is characterized in that, in a plurality of manufacturing steps, respectively through said remainder (16 by laser beam (25) the especially said diffusion part of processing (10); The sidewall of side direction 33,36,39); Constitute the partial volume (33,36,39 of the said remainder (16) that keeps; 51), wherein said laser beam (25) is oriented, and makes said laser beam and processed sidewall surround the angle greater than 8 °.

8. method according to claim 7; It is characterized in that said laser beam (25) is oriented, make said laser beam and processed sidewall surround greater than 10 ° and less than 90 °; Be preferably greater than 15 ° and, and especially be preferably greater than 20 ° and less than 60 ° angle less than 80 °.

9. according to one of aforesaid right requirement 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 or 8 described method; It is characterized in that; Use pulse laser beam (25), be particularly useful for forming said diffusion part (10) or remove said remainder (16), perhaps in position, at least the second angle (II, III, IV, V).

10. according to claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 or 9 described methods; Wherein use laser beam (25) with variable pulse width; Be particularly useful for forming said diffusion part (10) or remove said remainder (16), perhaps in position, said at least the second angle (II, III, IV, V).

11. according to claim 9 or 10 described methods; It is characterized in that; To have at 50ns to 800ns; Preferably 70ns to 600ns and especially the laser beam (25) of the pulse width in the scope at 200ns to 500ns point to component surface (17b), be particularly useful for forming said diffusion part (10) or remove said remainder (16), perhaps in position, said at least the second angle (II, III, IV, V).

12. according to one of aforesaid right requirement 1 to 11 described method; It is characterized in that; Have at 20kHz to 40kHZ; Preferably 25kHz to 35kHz and especially the laser beam (25) of the frequency in the scope at 28kHz to 32kHz point to said component surface (17b), be particularly useful for forming said diffusion part (10) or remove said remainder (16), perhaps in position, said at least the second angle (II, III, IV, V).

13., it is characterized in that structure cooling air hole (1) in turbine blade (120,130) is perhaps in position, said at least the second angle (II, III, IV, V) according to one of aforesaid right requirement 7 to 12 described method.

14. method according to claim 1 is wherein used only laser instrument.

15. method according to claim 1 is wherein used at least two laser instruments (22), especially uses only two laser instruments (22), these laser instruments have the different power characteristic.

16., wherein be used to make the said interior partly laser parameter of the laser parameter of (7) in order to make said diffusion part (10) or to remove said remainder (16), use to be different from according to the one or more described method in the aforesaid right requirement.

17. the one or more described method according in the aforesaid right requirement is characterized in that, uses pulse laser beam (25), is particularly useful for removing said remainder (16), more specifically only is used to remove said remainder (16).

18. according to the one or more described method in the aforesaid right requirement; Wherein use the laser beam (25) of pulse width with variation; Be particularly useful for removing said remainder (16,18,28); Perhaps in position, said at least the second angle (II, III ...) in, more specifically only be used to remove said remainder (16).

19. according to claim 12,14,15,16,17 or 18 described methods, it is characterized in that, use to have at 50ns to 800ns; Preferably, be particularly useful for removing said remainder (16,18 at the 70ns to 600ns and the laser beam (25) of the pulse width in the scope at 200ns to 500ns especially; 28), perhaps in position, said at least the second angle (II, III ...) in, more specifically only be used to remove said remainder (16; 18,28).

20. according to one of aforesaid right requirement 1 to 19 described method; It is characterized in that; Use has at 20kHz to 40kHZ, preferably at the 25kHz to 35kHz and the laser beam (25) of the frequency in the scope at 28kHz to 32kHz especially, is particularly useful for removing said remainder (16); Perhaps in position, said at least the second angle (II, III ...) in, more specifically only be used to remove said remainder (16).

21. according to one of aforesaid right requirement 1 to 20 described method; It is characterized in that; Structure cooling air hole (1) in turbine blade (120,130), wherein said diffusion part (10) have with respect to part (7) visibly different geometry in said; Especially, the cross section of said diffusion part (10) enlarges with respect to part (7) in said.

22., wherein be used for making the first step of said diffusion part (10) or removal polyhedron, especially five polyhedron in position, said at least the second angle (II) according to the one or more described method in the aforesaid right requirement.

23. according to the one or more described method in the aforesaid right requirement, wherein at the polyhedron that is used for making second step of said diffusion part (10) or in position, angle (III), removing five.

24. according to the one or more described method in the aforesaid right requirement, the inside of said hole (1) is always continued to be arranged in the tip (31,35,45,54) of wherein removed zone (33,36,42,48,16).

25. according to the one or more described method in the aforesaid right requirement; Wherein diffusion part (10) has two sidewalls (11 ', 11 ") on the said surface (12) of said matrix (4), and said two sidewalls are with different angles (α; β) extend, especially α＜β separated from one anotherly.

26. method according to claim 25 is wherein at first removed the material on the side with bigger angle (β) of said remainder (16).

27. according to claim 25,26 described methods, wherein (IV removes the material of the said littler angle (α) of the adjacency of said remainder (16) in V) in last step.