CN102433036B - 用于水性组合物的成膜助剂 - Google Patents
用于水性组合物的成膜助剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102433036B CN102433036B CN201110243508.0A CN201110243508A CN102433036B CN 102433036 B CN102433036 B CN 102433036B CN 201110243508 A CN201110243508 A CN 201110243508A CN 102433036 B CN102433036 B CN 102433036B
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- coalescence aid
- film coalescence
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- glycol phenyl
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Classifications
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Abstract
提供了一种成膜助剂组合物,其包含以所述成膜助剂组合物重量计20%至80%重量的乙二醇苯基醚和以所述成膜助剂组合物重量计80%至20%重量的二乙二醇苯基醚,以及一种成膜助剂组合物,其包含以所述成膜助剂组合物重量计20%至80%重量的丙二醇苯基醚和以所述成膜助剂组合物重量计80%至20%重量的二丙二醇苯基醚。同时也提供一种包含所述成膜助剂组合物的水性涂料组合物以及一种提供涂层的方法。
Description
本发明涉及用于水性组合物的成膜助剂(coalescent)。本发明尤其涉及一种成膜助剂组合物,其包含以所述成膜助剂组合物重量计20%至80%重量的亚烷基二醇苯基醚以及以所述成膜助剂组合物重量计80%至20%重量的二亚烷基二醇苯基醚,其中,所述亚烷基选自亚乙基和亚丙基,且当所述亚烷基为亚乙基时,所述二亚烷基为二亚乙基;和当所述亚烷基为亚丙基时,所述二亚烷基为二亚丙基。本发明还涉及一种水性涂料组合物,其包含水性聚合物分散体和基于所述水性聚合物分散体固体重量的0.1%至40%重量的所述成膜助剂组合物,以及一种提供干涂层的方法。
符合全球日益严格的挥发性有机化合物(VOC)法规是当今水性配方化学家面对的一个主要挑战。在大多数涂料配方中均需使用有机溶剂或外部增塑剂以利于成膜。涂料配方中的VOC的一个主要贡献者是配方中的成膜助剂。欧盟发布了不同类型的涂料配方的2010VOC法规并且也定义了VOC的沸点上限为250℃。类似地,在中国VOC也定义为沸点低于250℃的有机化合物。本发明旨在提供成膜助剂组合物,其特别适用于在水性组合物中使用,例如用于不同基底上的水性装饰性或保护性涂料,所述涂料提供了涂层性质所需的平衡,尤其包括所需的应用性质,例如开放时限(opentime)和流动性,和易成膜以及硬度建立,同时可以保持所需的干涂层性质,特别地其中所述水性组合物包含低或不含VOC以及优越的低毒性。
美国专利U.S.No.5,186,744公开了用于水性涂料配方的成膜助剂,其包括丙氧基化的丙二醇叔丁醚以及一种或多种有机溶剂。依然需要对此前公开的成膜助剂组合物的VOC/涂层性质/毒性进行改进。现在发现本发明所述的成膜助剂组合物可以满足上述需求。
本发明的第一方面提供了一种成膜助剂组合物,其包括以所述成膜助剂组合物重量计20%至80%重量的亚烷基二醇苯基醚以及以所述成膜助剂组合物重量计80%至20%重量的二亚烷基二醇苯基醚;其中,所述亚烷基选自亚乙基和亚丙基,且当所述亚烷基为亚乙基时,所述二亚烷基为二亚乙基;和当所述亚烷基为亚丙基时,所述二亚烷基为二亚丙基。
本发明的第二方面提供了一种水性涂料组合物,其包含水性聚合物分散体和以所述水性聚合物分散体固体重量计0.1%至40%重量的本发明的第一方面所述的成膜助剂组合物。
本发明的第三方面提供了一种提供涂层的方法,包括(a)形成本发明的第二方面所述的水性涂料组合物;(b)将所述水性涂料组合物应用于基底上;和(c)干燥所述应用的水性涂料组合物或使所述应用的水性涂料组合物变干。
本发明所述的成膜助剂组合物包含以所述成膜助剂组合物重量计20%至80%重量的,优选从25%至60%重量的亚烷基二醇苯基醚,以及以所述成膜助剂组合物重量计80%至20%重量的,优选从60%至25%重量的二亚烷基二醇苯基醚;其中,所述亚烷基选自亚乙基和亚丙基。当所述亚烷基为亚乙基时,所述二亚烷基为二亚乙基;和当所述亚烷基为亚丙基时,所述二亚烷基为二亚丙基。所谓“成膜助剂组合物”是指可以促进水性聚合组合物(尤其是包含聚合物在水性介质的分散体系如乳液聚合物,即利用乳液聚合技术制备的聚合物的水性涂料组合物)成膜的组合物。
本发明的成膜助剂组合物可以通过已知的方法形成,例如亚烷基二醇苯基醚与环氧烷之间反应。所述成膜助剂组合物也可以通过混合例如乙二醇苯基醚与二乙二醇苯基醚来制备,或通过将亚烷基二醇苯基醚和二亚烷基二醇苯基醚的混合物与一种或其它的化合物或与其它组成上合适的混合物混合以形成所需的成膜助剂组合物。这类混合一般情况下在简单的混合罐中在搅拌下即可进行。
本发明的水性涂料组合物包含水性聚合物分散体和以所述水性聚合物分散体固体重量计0.1%至40%重量的本发明的成膜助剂组合物。在一个实施方式中,当所述水性聚合物分散体的MFFT为从-20℃至30℃时,使用以所述水性聚合物分散体固体重量计0.1%至5%重量的所述成膜助剂组合物。
所述水性聚合物分散体的最低成膜温度(“MFFT”)为从-20℃至125℃,优选为从-20℃至30℃。此处所述的水性聚合物分散体的MFFT是利用CoesfeldThermostairMFFTbar(CoesfeldGMBH)测定的。
所述水性聚合物分散体可以为聚合物、寡聚物或预聚物在水性介质中的分散体。在一些实施方式中,所述水性聚合物分散体在成膜之前、成膜过程中或之后为可反应的。所述“水性介质”在此处是指含有基于所述介质重量的至少50%重量的水的介质。典型的水性聚合物分散体是环氧树脂、聚氨酯、丙烯酸多元醇、聚酯以及它们与其它化学物质的混合物的水性分散体;和乳液聚合物。
所述乳液聚合物典型地包括至少一种烯键式不饱和共聚单体,例如苯乙烯或取代苯乙烯;乙烯基甲苯;丁二烯;(甲基)丙烯腈;(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体如(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸羟基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸羟基丙酯和脲基官能的(甲基)丙烯酸酯;醋酸乙烯酯或其它乙烯酯;乙烯基单体如乙烯基氯、偏二氯乙烯和N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(pyrollidone)。跟随其它词使用的“(甲基)”如(甲基)丙烯酸酯,在本本中,是指丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯。
在某些实施方式中,乳液聚合物包含以所述聚合物的重量计从0%至6%,或者从0%至3wt%或从0%至1%的多烯键式不饱和共聚单体。选择多烯键式不饱和单体的程度是很重要的,使其不实质上影响膜的形成和完整性。多烯键式不饱和单体包括,例如,(甲基)丙烯酸烯丙基酯、邻苯二甲酸二烯丙基酯、1,4-丁二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,2-乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,6-己二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯和二乙烯基苯。
所述乳液聚合物包含以所述聚合物重量计从0%至15%的,优选从1%至7%的单烯键式不饱和酸共聚单体。酸单体包括羧酸单体,例如,(甲基)丙烯酸、巴豆酸、衣康酸、富马酸、马来酸、衣康酸单乙酯、富马酸单甲酯、富马酸单丁酯、马来酸酐、2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸、乙烯基磺酸、苯乙烯磺酸、1-烯丙氧基-2羟基丙磺酸、烷基烯丙基磺基-琥珀酸、磺乙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、磷酸烷基(甲基)丙烯酸酯,例如,磷酸乙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、磷酸丙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯和磷酸丁基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、磷酸烷基衣康酸酯、磷酸烷基马来酸酯、磷酸烷基富马酸酯、磷酸二烷基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、磷酸二烷基衣康酸酯和磷酸烯丙酯。
所述水性乳液聚合物典型地通过本领域已知的加成聚合乳液聚合过程形成。可以使用传统的表面活性剂,例如,阴离子和/或非离子乳化剂如烷基磺酸酯的碱金属或铵盐、烷基磺酸、脂肪酸和氧乙基化的烷基酚。可以使用包括至少一个可进行自由基加成聚合反应的烯键式不饱和碳-碳键的可聚合的表面活性剂。表面活性剂的使用量通常为基于单体总重量的0.1%至6%重量。热引发或氧化还原引发过程均可以使用。可以使用传统的自由基引发剂,例如,过氧化氢、叔丁基过氧化氢、t-戊基过氧化氢、过硫酸氨盐和/或过硫酸碱金属盐(alkalipersulfate),典型的用量为基于单体总重量的0.01%至3.0%。氧化还原体系使用相同的引发剂并和相似量的合适的还原剂联用,例如,甲醛次硫酸钠、次硫酸钠、异抗坏血酸、硫酸羟胺和亚硫酸氢钠,任选地与金属离子结合使用,例如铁和铜,任选地进一步包括所述金属的络合剂。可以使用链转移试剂如硫醇以降低聚合物的分子量。单体混合物可以以纯形式加入或与水形成乳液加入。单体混合物可以使用统一的或不同的组成一次性加入或分多次加入或在反应过程中连续加入。其它成分,例如,自由基引发剂、氧化剂、还原剂、链转移剂、中和剂、表面活性剂和分散剂可以在加入单体之前、中间或之后加入。可以使用能够得到如美国专利No.4,384,056和4,539,361所公开的多模态(polymodal)粒径分布的工艺。
所述乳液聚合物可以通过多步乳液聚合过程形成。在多步乳液聚合过程中至少依次形成了两个具有不同成分的阶段。优选为两步乳液聚合过程,其中第一阶段的聚合物的重量占第一阶段聚合物和第二阶段聚合物的总重量的10%至90%,优选从30%至70%,基于干聚合物的重量。用于制备水性多步乳液聚合物的聚合技术是本领域已知的,例如,在美国专利No.4,325,856;4,654,397和4,814,373中公开的那样。
多步乳液聚合过程通常会形成至少两种互不相容的组分,因此会导致形成至少两相。两种聚合物组分的互不相容性和由此导致的聚合物颗粒的多相结构可以通过本领域已知的多种方法进行测定。例如,利用扫描电子显微镜使用染色技术以突出两相之间的不同就是一种这样的技术。这类粒子是由不同几何形状的两相或更多相组成的,例如,核/壳或核/鞘颗粒、具有壳相不完全包裹核的核/壳粒子、具有多个核的核/壳粒子以及互穿网络结构的粒子。多步乳液聚合物的每一阶段可以包含相同的单体、表面活性剂、引发体系、链转移剂等,如以上所公开的用于乳液聚合物的。本发明中,对于多步聚合物颗粒来说,所述乳液聚合物的物理性质,例如,羰基官能团单体含量、酸单体含量、Tg等,是利用所述乳液聚合物的整体组成来计算的,而不考虑阶段或相的数量。所述乳液聚合物也可以通过两步或更多步形成,各个步骤在分子量方面不同。将两个不同的乳液聚合物混合也是可以的。
所述乳液聚合物颗粒的平均粒径为典型地从40纳米至1000纳米,优选地,从40纳米至300纳米。此处的粒径是在BrookhavenBI-90分析仪上通过动态光散射测定得到的。
所述水性涂料组合物可以通过涂料领域中公知的技术制备。首先,将颜料,如果有,在由COWLES(R)搅拌器产生的高剪切力下良好地分散于水性溶剂中,或使用预分散的颜料或它们的混合物。然后,在低剪切力下加入水性聚合物分散体并与成膜助剂组合物以及其他所需的涂料助剂一起搅拌。除所述水性聚合物分散体和颜料外,所述水性涂料组合物还包括基于所述水性聚合物分散体重量的0%至200%重量的薄膜-形成或非-薄膜-形成溶液或其它水性聚合物分散体,以及传统的涂料助剂,例如,填充剂、乳化剂、除本发明的成膜助剂组合物之外的其它成膜助剂、塑化剂、防冻剂、固化剂、缓冲剂、中和剂、增稠剂、流动改性剂、保湿剂、润湿剂、生物杀灭剂、增塑剂、防泡剂、UV吸收剂、荧光增白剂、光或热稳定剂、生物杀灭剂、螯合剂、分散剂、着色剂、蜡质和防水剂。
合适的颜料和填充剂的例子包括二氧化钛例如锐钛矿和金红石二氧化钛;氧化锌;氧化锑;氧化铁;硅酸镁;碳酸钙;有机和无机有色颜料;硅酸铝;硅石;各种粘土如高岭土和涂布粘土;和氧化铅。所述水性涂料组合物还可以包含不透明聚合物粒子,例如,RopaqueTM不透明聚合物(陶氏化学公司)。还可以包含包裹的或部分包裹的不透明颜料粒子;和吸附在或连接在颜料表面如二氧化钛的聚合物或乳液聚合物;和空心颜料,包括具有一个或多个空穴的颜料。
水性涂料组合物中的颜料和填充剂的量各不相同,颜料体积浓度(PVC)从0至85变化,因而包含了不同于现有技术的涂料,例如,透明涂料、染色、无光涂料、染色涂料、半光涂料、有光涂料、底层浮雕涂料以及类似的涂料。颜料体积浓度由如下公式计算得到:
本文使用的挥发性有机化合物(VOC)是基于EU指令2004/42/CE中定义的沸点,即,挥发性有机化合物是指具有在101.3kPa的标准压力下测定的小于或等于250℃的初始沸点的任何有机化合物。
所述水性涂料组合物中的固体含量可以10%至70%体积。所述水性涂料组合物的粘度可以为从50厘泊至50,000厘泊,用Brookfield粘度仪测定;适用于不同使用方法的粘度可以大不相同。
所述水性涂料组合物可以典型地应用于如下基底,例如,木材、金属、塑料、海洋和土木工程基底、水泥基材如混凝土、灰泥、砂浆,预先喷涂过的或上过底漆的表面,以及风化面。所述水性涂料组合物可以通过常规的涂覆方法应用到基底上,例如,刷子、辊子、帘式淋涂机和喷涂的方法,例如,空气-雾化喷涂、空气-辅助喷涂、无气喷涂、高容量低压力喷涂以及空气-辅助无气喷涂。
使所述水性涂料组合物干燥以提供涂层可以在周围环境条件下进行,例如,在5℃至35℃或所述涂料可以在升温下干燥,例如,从35℃至150℃。
使用的缩写均聚物Tg
乙二醇苯基醚EPH
二乙二醇苯基醚DiEPH
实验方法
实施例1.成膜助剂组合物的沸点的测定
在指令EU指令2004/42/CE中定义沸点为:挥发性有机化合物是指具有在101.3kPa的标准压力下测定的小于或等于250℃的初始沸点的任何有机化合物。使用Herzog蒸馏装置是因为其具有测量在最早的5%体积时的初始沸点的能力,还可以测量在蒸馏过程中产生所述材料的第一滴时的温度。该测试确认了EPH-DiEPH的70/30wt%混合物具有大于250℃的初始沸点,如表1.1所示,因此满足了零-VOC成膜助剂组合物的要求。
表1.1实验测定EPH/DiEPH混合物的沸点
实施例2.评价水性涂料组合物中的成膜助剂组合物
通过在搅拌下分别向UCARTMLatexDL420G,一种市售的苯乙烯/丙烯酸丁酯乳液聚合物中加入基于干聚合物固体的1%、2%和3%重量的成膜助剂,形成涂料组合物。所述混合物在RedDevil混合器中进行均一化,并在600mmHg真空下放置30分钟以除去气泡。放置48小时后,制备涂层并进行评价。
最低成膜温度(MFFT)根据ASTMD2354-998使用CoesfeldThermostairMFFTbar进行测定。
刮涂150um的湿膜并测定其在8天的过程中的硬度发展,因为这与成膜助剂从涂膜中释放有关。该测量通过使用KoeningPendulum硬度装置进行。
所述水性涂料组合物的储存稳定性通过监测其在室温和50℃下14至21天后的粘度进行测定。
表2.1水性涂料组合物的评价
表2.2水性涂料组合物的评价
表2.3水性涂料组合物的评价
表2.1-2.3的数据表明本发明的成膜助剂组合物(EPH/DiEPH(70∶30)和EPH/DiEPH(50∶50))对本发明的水性涂料组合物中的乳液聚合物起到了有效的成膜助剂的作用;通过MFFT数据可以看出它们在浓度范围与TEXANOLTM成膜助剂相当的情况下,显示出更好的成膜效率,这样可以降低EPH/DiEPH成膜助剂组合物在水性涂料组合物中的用量。
实施例3.评价水性涂料组合物的杀生活性
杀生活性的测定是通过比较包含UCARTMFilmerIBT的水性涂料组合物和包含EPH/DiEPH(70∶30)的水性涂料组合物对细菌和真菌的作用而进行的。在用Q牌棉签将涂料涂抹到琼脂平板上之后,将它们进行接种培养,并通过计算生长在琼脂平板(胰蛋白酶大豆琼脂)上的菌落数从而监测存活的菌落数量。如表3.1所示,通过从0至4的评估值对杀生活性进行测定。
表3.1杀生活性的评估系统
接种结果 | 评分 |
未检测到存活 | 0 |
1-10菌落 | 1 |
11-100菌落 | 2 |
101-1000菌落 | 3 |
>1000菌落 | 4 |
表3.2成膜助剂组合物的杀生活性
相对于对照的成膜助剂,本发明的EPH/DiEPH(70∶30)成膜助剂显示出优越的杀生活性。
实施例4.评价在水性涂料组合物中的成膜助剂组合物
将水性聚合分散环氧树脂POLYPOXTMIE7007W与水性胺固化剂POLYOXTMIH7013W以化学当量比例混合。向每个测试批次中,均加入相对于固体粘合剂的5%的水或成膜助剂,以使混合固体的含量为~49%。
在5至300分钟这样一个设定的时间范围(反应时间)内,利用刮刀将所述测试样品以200um的湿膜应用到玻璃片上。使所述湿样品变干,并在具有23±1℃和50±5%相对湿度的标准条件的室内储存至少24小时。希望含有EPH/DiEPH(50∶50)的组合物的MFFT与DOWANOLTMPPH得到的MFFT相当,且低于不加成膜助剂时得到的MFFT。存在EPH/DiEPH(50∶50)的样品的储存时间相对于使用DOWANOLTMPPH的没有明显减少。以存放时间为函数评价固化配方的刮涂膜显示其没有光泽上的损失。利用光泽度计以60°的几何角度测定所述测试样品的光泽度。结果列于表4.1中。
表4.1以时间为函数的水性聚合分散体(2-包环氧体系)的光泽度
在本发明的水性涂料组合物中的本发明的EPH/DiEPH(50∶50)成膜助剂组合物显著地延长了水性环氧体系的储存时间,并且没有光泽度上的削弱,这与DOWANOLTMPPH相似,但是本发明的优势在于其按照欧洲装饰涂料指令2004/42/EG是非-VOC成膜助剂。
Claims (3)
1.一种成膜助剂组合物,其包含以所述成膜助剂组合物重量计60%至70%重量的乙二醇苯基醚和
以所述成膜助剂组合物重量计60%至30%重量的双乙甘醇苯基醚;
所述成膜助剂组合物在101.3kPa的标准压力下测定的初始沸点高于250℃,所述乙二醇苯基醚和所述双乙甘醇苯基醚的总量等于100重量%。
2.一种水性涂料组合物,其包含水性聚合分散体和以所述水性聚合物分散体固体重量计0.1%至5%重量的成膜助剂组合物,所述水性聚合分散体具有从-20℃至30℃的最低成膜温度,所述成膜助剂组合物包含以所述成膜助剂组合物的重量计60-70重量%的亚烷基二醇苯基醚和以所述成膜助剂组合物重量计60-30重量%的二亚烷基二醇苯基醚,其中所述亚烷基是亚乙基,所述二亚烷基为二亚乙基;所述成膜助剂组合物在101.3kPa的标准压力下测定的初始沸点高于250℃,所述亚烷基二醇苯基醚和所述二亚烷基二醇苯基醚的总量等于100重量%。
3.一种提供涂层的方法,其包括:
(a)形成如权利要求2所述的水性涂料组合物;
(b)将所述水性涂料组合物应用到基底上;和
(c)干燥所述应用的水性涂料组合物或使所述应用的水性涂料组合物干燥。
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WO2014158661A1 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-10-02 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Coalescents for aqueous based coating compositions |
US10160878B2 (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2018-12-25 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Aqueous coating composition |
CN103555046A (zh) * | 2013-10-31 | 2014-02-05 | 大连创达技术交易市场有限公司 | 一种成膜助剂 |
CN104568933A (zh) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-04-29 | 山东商业职业技术学院 | 一种冷鲜肉新鲜度的检测方法 |
US9963557B2 (en) | 2015-05-27 | 2018-05-08 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Low-VOC, low cost coalescent for certain aqueous polymeric dispersions |
CN104987798B (zh) * | 2015-07-31 | 2017-09-01 | 新兴职业装备生产技术研究所 | 一种多效涂料的涂布工艺 |
CA3018968A1 (en) * | 2016-03-28 | 2017-10-05 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Compositions, aqueous coating compositions, and methods for improving the freeze/thaw stability of aqueous coating compositions |
US11849726B2 (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2023-12-26 | Lanxess Corporation | Microbicidal composition |
CN106700847A (zh) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-05-24 | 芜湖乐普汽车科技有限公司 | 幻彩涂料的制备方法 |
CN106700848A (zh) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-05-24 | 芜湖乐普汽车科技有限公司 | 一种用于幻彩涂料的成膜组分及其制备方法 |
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