Background technology
At present, along with the exhaustion day by day of primary energy such as coal, various countries are the generating and the technology of transmission of electricity of secondary new forms of energy such as research and development wind energy energetically, solar energy, tidal energy.What study relatively more popularly both at home and abroad is the utilization of wind energy.The frequency of the electric energy that the moment variability of the different period wind energies in different regions causes producing also is to change constantly, so the electric energy of wind energy output can not directly be connected to the grid.Practical ways are to adopt the high voltage direct current transmission mode, and the electric energy that is about to the wind energy output is sending end to be rectified into direct current, through DC power transmission line electric energy are sent to and are held, and be industrial frequency AC with dc inverter again receiving end, are connected to the grid then.As everyone knows, high voltage direct current transmission send the aspect such as asynchronous interconnected between electricity, two electrical networks to have bigger advantage than high-voltage AC transmission at remote high-power transmission of electricity, submarine cable.Yet conventional high voltage direct current transmission also exists some shortcomings, for example: receive end that electric rotating machine must be arranged, the danger of commutation failure is arranged, be difficult to be applied to low power occasion etc.The technological technology of transmission of electricity that fundamentally overcomes these shortcomings just and grow up gradually of flexible high pressure direct current transportation (HVDC light).
Because metropolitan industry and commerce is flourishing, populous, electricity consumption density high, so requirement on environmental protection near the city, to build large-scale power station be unallowed, select corridors of high-tension overhead lines also very difficult simultaneously in these areas.Thereby to send the developing direction of electricity to the big city be to select underground cable to send.And flexible high pressure direct current transportation cable is a kind of squash type, one pole cable; Have that volume is little, intensity is high, in light weight, transmission capacity is big, insulation level is superior, environmental protection and advantage such as lay easily; Solved ageing of insulation even puncture that internal field's distortion that traditional cable causes owing to space charge accumulation in the insulator causes, and the pressure distribution inhomogeneous problem that causes the insulator exterior overstress that causes of responsive to temperature.
Cable termination is stube cable and the indispensable element of other power equipments (like transformer etc.).Different with cable body is, has the double hyer insulation medium in the cable termination, and the existence of this interface accumulation space electric charge more easily.Space charge amount on the two-layered medium interface is mainly determined by the dielectric constant ratio and the difference between conductivity ratio of each layer insulating material; Difference is big more, and the space charge that then gathers is just big, otherwise; Both relatively near the time, the space charge that gathers is just little even eliminate.Under different temperatures different electric field intensity; The change in dielectric constant of material is very little; The dielectric constant ratio that is to say two kinds of materials is basic fixed, and marked change reaches the variation of several magnitude sometimes but conductivity of electrolyte materials is but along with the variation of temperature and electric field strength.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of HVDC twisted polyethylene cable prefabrication type terminal, simple in structure, volume is little, and is few with the space charge that accumulates on the cable interface, and satisfies the instructions for use in high filthy area.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a kind of HVDC twisted polyethylene cable prefabrication type terminal, and this terminal is set in outside the direct current cables, it is characterized in that, this terminal comprises:
The cluster parachute sheath, this cluster parachute sheath comprises top and afterbody, the corresponding setting with the terminal of direct current cables in the top at this top; And,
Be arranged on the stress cone of the inboard afterbody of this cluster parachute sheath;
Distance between the terminal of above-mentioned direct current cables and the stress cone root is interior creep distance; Should satisfy following relational expression by interior creep distance:
6?L
i?>1.1L1)
Above-mentioned 1) in the formula, L is the creepage distance of cluster parachute sheath.
Above-mentioned cluster parachute sheath is provided with several gamp that is provided with at interval and umbellules; This gamp and umbellule and the corresponding one side of cluster parachute sheath afterbody are lower surface, and the one side corresponding with the top is upper surface, and this lower surface adopts planar structure, and upper surface is made as obliquity structure.
Above-mentioned gamp and umbellule adopt the arranged crosswise mode.
The edge of the above-mentioned gamp and the upper surface of umbellule adopts the rounding structure.
The gamp and the umbellule of the cluster parachute sheath on the above-mentioned direct current cables, its umbrella disk radius is greater than the umbrella disk radius of the umbrella disk that adopts on the ac cable.
Above-mentioned cluster parachute sheath adopts ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) material.
Above-mentioned stress cone adopts full arc type structure, and its shape meets Bezier three times.
Above-mentioned creepage distance satisfies following relational expression:
L=λ
DCU
m 2)
Above-mentioned 2) in the formula, λ
DCThe creepage distance that compares for cluster parachute sheath under the direct current; U
mElectric pressure for direct current cables;
The creepage of cluster parachute sheath satisfies following relational expression than distance under the above-mentioned direct current:
Above-mentioned 3) in the formula, λ
ACFor exchanging down the creepage distance that compares of porcelain insulator; K
SR/PBe the creepage ratio of cluster parachute sheath and porcelain insulator than distance; K
DC/ACOrthogonal ratio for the cluster parachute sheath.
HVDC twisted polyethylene cable prefabrication type of the present invention terminal is compared with prior art, and its advantage is that the present invention is the HVDC twisted polyethylene cable prefabrication type terminal that applies on the direct current cables, and it is simple in structure, and apparatus structure is little;
The gamp of cluster parachute sheath of the present invention and the upper surface of umbellule are made as obliquity structure; Make the cluster parachute sheath the surface filthy situation with reach optimum from cleaning performance; Gamp and umbellule adopt the arranged crosswise mode simultaneously; Can realize non-homogeneous pollution, and the parameter in the parameter use high pollution area of adopting in the interior creep distance design of cluster parachute sheath, make the design of cluster parachute sheath satisfy high filthy regional instructions for use fully.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiment of the present invention is described.
The invention discloses a kind of HVDC twisted polyethylene cable prefabrication type terminal, it is ± 30kV that the cable core sectional area is 300mm that this terminal is set in electric pressure
2, main insulation thickness is outside the terminal of direct current cables 3 of 4mm, is used between direct current cables 3 terminals and other power equipments, connecting.
As shown in Figure 1, HVDC twisted polyethylene cable prefabrication type terminal comprises: cluster parachute sheath 1 and be arranged on the stress cone 2 in the cluster parachute sheath 1.
Cluster parachute sheath 1 adopts ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) material; This conductivity of electrolyte materials is as shown in Figure 2, has indicated the conductivity of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) material under 80 ℃, 50 ℃, 30 ℃ three kinds of different temperatures among the figure, wherein 80 ℃ the time; Conductivity is maximum, and its conductivity is less 30 ℃ the time.Be provided with the tubular inner chamber that is used to settle direct current cables 3 in cluster parachute sheath 1 inside.Cluster parachute sheath 1 comprises top and afterbody, the top of cluster parachute sheath 1 and the corresponding setting in the terminal of direct current cables 3, and simultaneously, the top at subsidy direct current cables 3 terminals, top at cluster parachute sheath 1 top is provided with.On cluster parachute sheath 1, be provided with several gamps that is provided with at interval 11 and umbellule 12, this gamp 11 adopts the arranged crosswise mode with umbellule 12, to realize non-homogeneous pollution, improves flashover voltage.Simultaneously, the spacing distance between this adjacent gamp 11 and the umbellule 12 equates that the length difference between gamp 11 and the umbellule 12 is set at 25mm.This gamp 11 and umbellule 12 are its lower surface with the corresponding one side of caudal directions of cluster parachute sheath 1, with the corresponding one side of the top-direction of cluster parachute sheath 1 be its upper surface.The upper surface of this gamp 11 and umbellule 12 is provided with certain inclination angle, and for making the surperficial filthy situation of cluster parachute and reaching optimum from cleaning performance, this inclination angle is controlled between 10 ° to 18 °.Simultaneously, for increasing the cluster parachute diameter as far as possible, reduce consumptive material and reduce the unidentified flashover that the cluster parachute edge effect causes, the inclination angle of this upper surface need be got little as far as possible, so the inclination angle of gamp 11 and umbellule 12 upper surfaces is adopted 10 ° in the present invention.The lower surface of gamp 11 and umbellule 12 adopts planar structure; Be convenient to the circulation of air exchange; Avoid the lower surface of gamp 11 and umbellule 12 to pile up dirty air, also be convenient to have the mist pearl and the water droplet vertical drop on migration of hydrophobicity surface, prevent the mobile lower surface flashover voltage that reduces of the globule.Gamp 11 does not adopt the edge of dripping with umbellule 12 edges, takes the rounding measure at the top surface edge place, reduces gamp 11 and umbellule 12 edge field intensity distortion, and the place, edge that effectively prevents to drip significantly reduces the marginal gap flashover voltage because the water band exists.
Direct voltage does not have the periodicity polar switching of alternating voltage; The surperficial long-term existence ion directional migration of gamp 11 and umbellule 12; The local arc of its insulating surface often the duration long; The easy bridge joint of electric arc is so the umbrella of the cluster parachute sheath 1 of direct current cables 3 footpath will be designed greatlyyer than what exchange.The size in concrete umbrella footpath need be confirmed according to the physical dimension of cable.According to the size of direct current cables 3, the umbrella of setting gamp 11 directly is 190mm in the present embodiment, and the umbrella of umbellule 12 directly is 140mm.
Direct current cables 3 needs the umbrella disk radius of employing big; For preventing that flashover voltage from directly running through along the edge-perpendicular of cluster parachute sheath 1, the umbrella spacing will be selected more greatly, it is generally acknowledged that the wide relation that satisfies 1:2 with the umbrella spacing of umbrella is more rational; In the present embodiment, the umbrella spacing adopts 130mm.
Under the direct voltage, there is not polar effect in the pollution flashover voltage of cluster parachute sheath 1, the pollution flashover voltage basically identical of two kinds of polarity, and the orthogonal of cluster parachute sheath 1 is also smaller than changing, about 1.0.The creepage ratio of cluster parachute sheath 1 is apart from λ under the direct current
DCSatisfy following relational expression:
Above-mentioned 3) in the formula, λ
DCThe creepage distance that compares for cluster parachute sheath 1 under the direct current; λ
ACFor exchanging down the creepage than distance of porcelain insulator, this value can be chosen according to the operating experience of porcelain insulator in the alternating current circuit, in this execution mode, considers the situation when filth is relatively more serious, selects λ
AC=31mm/kV; K
SR/PBe the creepage ratio than distance of cluster parachute sheath 1 and porcelain insulator, because China's filth is more serious, the scheme according to power department release in 93 years is chosen as 0.75; K
DC/ACFor the orthogonal ratio of cluster parachute sheath 1, elect 1.0 as.According to formula 3) the creepage ratio of cluster parachute sheath 1 that can calculate direct current is apart from λ
DCBe 40mm/kV.
The creepage distance L of cluster parachute sheath 1 satisfies following relational expression:
2)
Above-mentioned 2) in the formula, λ
DCFor according to formula 1) the creepage distance that compares that calculates; U
mElectric pressure for direct current cables; L is creepage distance.By the above-mentioned creepage ratio that draws apart from λ
DC=40mm/kV, can draw creepage distance L is 1200mm.
Creepage distance between two gamps can be by formula 4) calculate:
Above-mentioned 4) in the formula, P
1Wide for the umbrella of gamp 11, its value equals difference half the of gamp 11 umbrellas footpaths and cluster parachute sheath 1 external diameter; P
2Wide for the umbrella of umbellule 12, its value is half the for the difference of umbellule 12 umbrellas footpaths and cluster parachute sheath 1 external diameter; S is the spacing of 11 of two gamps, and its value is the twice of big umbellule spacing.Convolution 2) the creepage distance L that calculates is divided by formula 4) in L
pCan roughly know the number of big umbellule.Under this big umbellule number, if recomputate the creepage distance L that obtains greater than formula 2) value, then with this big umbellule number as final cluster parachute number; If recomputate the creepage distance that obtains less than formula 2) value, then on the basis of this big umbellule number, suitably increase, until meeting the demands.In the present embodiment, by above-mentioned 4) formula draws, and adopts 3 gamps 11 and 4 umbellules 12.
The internal diameter of cluster parachute sheath 1 cylindrical cavity also is provided with magnitude of interference b, and cluster parachute sheath 1 has enough magnitude of interference b could guarantee that the cluster parachute sheath 1 and the interface of the main insulation of direct current cables 3 have enough pressure, and generally speaking, magnitude of interference b elects monolateral 2-5mm as.Because cluster parachute sheath 1 can be revised, magnitude of interference b begins the optional point that gets, and can avoid cluster parachute sheath 1 to tear like this, can decide the magnitude of interference earlier and be monolateral 2mm earlier, makes amendment according to test situation afterwards, guarantees that interface pressure reaches more than the 0.4MPa.
Definite foundation of the thickness of cluster parachute sheath 1 mainly contains two: guarantee that 1. cluster parachute sheath 1 radially can broken down; 2. cluster parachute sheath 1 is enough big with the interface pressure of the main insulation of direct current cables 3, at least more than 0.4MPa.On the main insulation interface of cluster parachute sheath 1 and direct current cables 3, interface pressure P
InterfaceHave following relational expression:
Above-mentioned formula 5) in, k is the modulus of elasticity of ethylene propylene diene rubber; r
XLPEOuter radius for direct current cables 3 main insulations; r
1, r
2Be respectively the inside and outside radius of cluster parachute sheath 1; R is cluster parachute sheath 1 an a certain position radius;
, wherein, b is the magnitude of interference.According to following formula, the thickness that can draw cluster parachute sheath 1 in the present embodiment adopts 15mm.
Stress cone 2 is arranged on the afterbody of cluster parachute sheath 1 internal diameter, and this stress cone 2 tilts towards the top of stress cone 2 at a certain angle.Stress cone 2 adopts full arc type structure, and its shape meets Bezier three times.
As shown in Figure 3, in plane or three dimensions, can be by 4 definite Bei Saier curves.Curve originates in P0, moves towards P1, and comes P3 from the direction of P2, generally can not pass through P1 or P2 (be that the provider is to information) at these 2; Spacing between P0 and the P1 has determined curve before transferring convergence P3, and how long the length of moving towards the P2 direction has.In the model of cluster parachute sheath 1, P0 is corresponding to stress cone 2 root positions, and P1 is on camber line, and P2 is corresponding to stress cone 2 heads, and P3 overlaps with P0, distributes as long as the coordinate of determined arc curve is promptly known in the position that adjustment P1 is ordered.Three Beziers are expressed as parametric form suc as formula 6) shown in:
Above-mentioned formula 6) in,
B (t)Be curve shape,
tBe parameter.Stress cone 3 length are 68mm in the present embodiment.
As shown in Figure 1, the interior creep distance L among the present invention
iBe the end of direct current cables 3 distance, interior creep distance L to stress cone 2 roots
iConfirm mainly contain two aspects according to condition: 1. can be under direct voltage owing to interior creep distance L
iToo short and puncture; 2. external insulation internally insulate and shields.1. can calculate an interior creep distance L according to condition
iBasic demand, promptly in creep distance L
iAt least be greater than the value of direct voltage divided by the permission tangential electric field strength (0.6kV/mm) at interface.Than under the serious situation, the pollution flashover gradient of cluster parachute sheath 1 is roughly at 1kV/mm at damage ratio.For reaching above-mentioned protection requirement, interior creep distance L
iHave following relational expression:
6?L
i?>1.1L1)
Above-mentioned formula 1) in, L
iBe interior creep distance; L is a creepage distance.Again according to cluster parachute sheath 1 and interior creep distance L
iRespective outer side edges, then can make the interior creep distance value that satisfies condition.In the present embodiment, interior creep distance L
iAccording to formula 1) calculate and be 220mm, but consider cluster parachute sheath 1 and interior creep distance L
iRespective outer side edges, last in creep distance be decided to be 420mm.
Behind cluster parachute sheath 1 global formation, cluster parachute sheath 1 is as shown in Figure 4 with direct current cables 3 main insulation interfaces axial tangential electric-field intensity distribution figure; The axial electric field intensity distribution is as shown in Figure 5 on stress cone 2 curves; Electric field strength mould value distribution map is as shown in Figure 6 on stress cone 2 curves.As showing among Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, its Electric Field Distribution meets the following conditions:
1, stress cone 2 is no more than 0.6kV/mm with direct current cables 3 main insulation interface tangential electric field strength, and relatively evenly.2, the axial electric field intensity level is no more than 0.6kV/mm on stress cone 2 curves, and relatively evenly.3, the electric field strength mould value of stress cone 2 curve roots is maximum, the trend that from the root to the end, tapers off, and the electric field strength mould value of stress cone 2 roots is no more than 3kV/mm.
Satisfy above condition, explain that the Electric Field Distribution situation at the insulating barrier place at HVDC twisted polyethylene cable prefabrication type of the present invention terminal reaches optimum characteristics.
Although content of the present invention has been done detailed introduction through above-mentioned preferred embodiment, will be appreciated that above-mentioned description should not be considered to limitation of the present invention.After those skilled in the art have read foregoing, for multiple modification of the present invention with to substitute all will be conspicuous.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be limited appended claim.