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CN102435718B - Common digital display detection calibrating device for soil test instrument pressure measurement - Google Patents

Common digital display detection calibrating device for soil test instrument pressure measurement Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102435718B
CN102435718B CN201110281984.1A CN201110281984A CN102435718B CN 102435718 B CN102435718 B CN 102435718B CN 201110281984 A CN201110281984 A CN 201110281984A CN 102435718 B CN102435718 B CN 102435718B
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China
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circuit
digital display
standard probe
multiplying power
dynamometry
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CN201110281984.1A
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CN102435718A (en
Inventor
唐文军
王晟堂
曹晓娟
赵亚品
符二东
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Creec (Tianjin) Testing Technology Co., Ltd
China Railway Design Corp
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Third Railway Survey and Design Institute Group Corp
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Abstract

The invention discloses a common digital display detection calibrating device for a soil test instrument pressure measurement, comprising a pressure measurement standard detector and a digital display electrical measuring instrument, wherein, the standard detector comprises a cylindric support body and a force measuring disc as a main body, resistor foil gauges which are connected according to a Wheatstone bridge mode are symmetrically distributed on the surface circumference of the force measuring disc, the maximum measuring range is divided into 5 KN and 20 KN, a front panel of the digital display electrical measuring instrument is provided with a 5KN/20KN measuring range selective switch, a 5 KN standard detector initial value zeroing knob and a 20 KN standard detector initial value zeroing knob, a four-and-a-half-digit LED display having an A/D switching circuit, and a multiplying power display selective piano-key switch, and the multiplying power display selective piano-key switch is provided with one axial force display shift and three stress display shifts. The device can carry out on-line detection and calibration on pressure measurement channels of various consolidation apparatus, direct shear apparatus, KO apparatus, tri-axial apparatus, CBR apparatus after being calibrated by a standard dynamometer to guarantee the pressure measured data to be accurate and reliable. The device has the outstanding advantages of convenient move, easy operation, and visual display.

Description

Common digital display detection calibrating device for soil test instrument pressure measurement
Technical field
The invention belongs to testing calibration equipment, particularly relate to a kind of common digital display detection calibrating device for soil test instrument pressure measurement.
Background technology
To the effect that the physico-mechanical properties of foundation soil is tested for one of soil test, for building lot and Structure Calculation provide corresponding intensity and deformation parameter.
Foundation soil test specimen is applied to certain force from different directions, the power test of observing its stress deformation relation and recording whole process is the basic test means of earthwork test Instrument, such as fixed, shearing, coefficient of horizontal pressure (K0), three axles, shear and the conventional mechanical test such as CBR instrument all relates to test specimen is applied to Bu Tong differential axial force, make sample produce distortion, and carry out omnidistance record as the foundation that various relation curves and data result are provided.Therefore power (stress) and displacement (strain) are that each test specimen carries out the indispensable test parameters of mechanical test, conventionally using the obtaining as a measurement passage, as dynamometry passage, displacement measurement passage an of test parameters.
Take consolidometer or direct shear apparatus as example, and domestic each big-and-middle-sized soil mechanics laboratory has respectively hundreds of even more pilot passageway and the microcomputer huge soil test automated network of formation that is connected.
So numerous long-term continuous workings of earthwork test Instrument are in dust and Soaking environment, and whether its measuring accuracy changes, whether true and accurate should carry out testing calibration by specialized equipment to measurement result.
Yet, in soil test operation at present, there is no and be applicable to testing laboratory as the precision of aforementioned earthwork test Instrument power and stress test passage being carried out to the conventional equipment of testing calibration.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of common digital display detection calibrating device for soil test instrument pressure measurement, this device utilizes the counterforce device of the existing test apparatus of testing laboratory and standard force-measuring meter to carry out self detection demarcation, is applicable to various consolidometer, direct shear apparatus, K0 instrument, CBR instrument and triaxial apparatus pressure test passage and carries out testing calibration and stability test.
The present invention takes following technical scheme for achieving the above object: this universal digital display testing calibration device is comprised of the standard probe for pressure test and pressure test digital display electrical measuring instrument, described standard probe is by cylindric supporter, be arranged at the circular dynamometry dish of cylindric supporter upper edge hole and be arranged at the dynamometry dish center of circle and form main body with the perpendicular double-screw bolt of dynamometry dish card, described cylindric supporter, dynamometry dish and double-screw bolt are integrated members, the be threaded force transmission joint that is connected mutually with earthwork test Instrument polishing head and act on the set nut of force transmission joint of described double-screw bolt, its center of circle be take as benchmark circumference is symmetrical and paste 4 resistance strain gages that fixed resistance value equates in the described dynamometry surface of trying to get to the heart of a matter, each resistance strain gage connects by wheatstone bridge, the power end of this electric bridge is connected with the patch-type thermo-compensator one end that is pasted and fixed on cylindric supporter madial wall respectively, two output terminals of each patch-type thermo-compensator other end and electric bridge are electrically connected to the corresponding contact of socket that is arranged on the cable-to-cable connector of cylindric supporter one side, the diameter of described standard probe dynamometry dish and cylindric supporter is 90-118mm, cylindric supporter wall thickness 25-30mm, maximum range is divided into two kinds of 5KN and 20KN, described pressure test digital display electrical measuring instrument comprises cabinet, circuit board and accurate stabilized voltage supply, described case front panel is provided with 5KN, 20KN range switch, 5KN and 20KN standard probe initial value zeroing knob, with 4 half light-emitting diode displays of A/D change-over circuit and multiplying power, shows and select key switch, described multiplying power shows that selecting key switch to be provided with 1 axial force shows that shelves and 3 stress show shelves, and described cabinet rear panel is provided with the cable-to-cable connector that connects respectively 5KN, 20KN standard probe, described circuit board is by the standard probe measurement range selection connecting successively and initial value zeroing circuit, precision instrument amplifier circuit, low-pass filter circuit and axial force---stress multiplying power transfer resistance bleeder circuit forms, described standard probe measurement range selection and initial value zeroing circuit by selector switch and be connected to 5KN and 20KN standard probe two output terminals between precision resistor and resistance be in series and form, described precision instrument amplifier circuit output end is connected in the low-pass filter consisting of RC and operational amplifier, low-pass filter output terminal is connected in axial force value output circuit input end and the 3 tunnel axial forces that consist of current-limiting resistance---stress multiplying power transfer resistance bleeder circuit input end, axial force value output circuit output terminal is connected in multiplying power and shows the optional end of axial force demonstration shelves of selecting key switch, each resistor voltage divider circuit output terminal is connected to multiplying power and shows that 3 stress of selection key switch show the optional ends of shelves, described 3 tunnel axial forces---the output voltage of stress multiplying power transfer resistance bleeder circuit is respectively 1/20.43 of resistor voltage divider circuit input terminal voltage, 1/30 and 1/50, multiplying power shows that the public stiff end of each gear of selection key switch is connected in the A/D change-over circuit input end of 4 half light-emitting diode displays.
The present invention can also take following technical measures:
At the bottom of the cylindric supporter of described standard probe, bead is provided with chassis.
Described maximum range is that its dynamometry disc thickness of standard probe of 5KN is 6-8mm.
Described maximum range is that its dynamometry disc thickness of standard probe of 20KN is 10-14mm.
The force transmission joint of described standard probe is positive hexagonal column, and its top is provided with recess or internal thread connecting hole.
Described precision instrument amplifier circuit is provided with by precision resistor and resistance gain adjustment circuit in series and is serially connected with the temperature-compensation circuit consisting of thermistor in final stage feedback circuit.
Beneficial effect of the present invention and advantage are: this universal digital display testing calibration device is to aim at earthwork test Instrument pressure channel carry out detection calibration and design, standard probe is connected energising with pressure test digital display electrical measuring instrument, after demarcating, self check can detect the dynamometry passage of the earthwork test Instruments such as consolidometer, direct shear apparatus, K0 instrument, CBR instrument and triaxial apparatus, the pressure test digital display electrical measuring instrument reading of take is calibrated tested passage as benchmark, thereby can guarantee the true and reliable of tested channel pressure output data.This testing calibration device is except direct demonstration axial force, still instrument Area of Sample is converted into stress routinely, and with digital display measurement result, more current conventional standard force-measuring meter shows more accurately directly perceived with clock gauge scale, resolution is also improved, and effect is good.The standard probe of this device has profile and the installation and application identical with soil sample test volumetric standard, the height of force transmission joint can also be adjusted and be locked by set nut, so this testing calibration device is applicable to variously have the earthwork test Instrument of pressure test passage and have versatility.That the present invention has is easy to use, can carry out online testing calibration to the various earthwork test Instruments with pressure test passage, guarantees described instrument test data outstanding advantages really and accurately.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is standard probe example structure partial cutaway schematic of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 2 is that resistance strain gage and the thermo-compensator of standard probe arranged schematic diagram.
Accompanying drawing 3 is force transmission joint schematic diagram that top arranges recess.
Accompanying drawing 4 is force transmission joint schematic diagram that top arranges internal thread connecting hole.
Accompanying drawing 5 is standard probe electrical schematic diagrams.
Accompanying drawing 6 is pressure test digital display electrical measuring instrument structural representations of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 7 is electrical schematic diagrams of the present invention.
Mark in figure: 1 cylindric supporter, 2 dynamometry dishes, 3 double-screw bolts, 4 force transmission joints, 4-1 recess, 4-2 internal thread connecting hole, 5 set nuts, 6 cable-to-cable connectors, 7 chassis, 8 resistance strain gages, 9 patch-type thermo-compensators, 10 cabinets, 11 4 half light-emitting diode displays, 12 multiplying powers select to show key switch, 13 range switchs, 14 5KN standard probe initial value zeroing knobs, 15 20KN standard probe initial value zeroing knobs.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing thereof, further illustrate the present invention.
This universal digital display testing calibration device is comprised of the standard probe for pressure test and pressure test digital display electrical measuring instrument.
Standard probe structure embodiment as shown in Figure 1, 2, it forms main body by cylindric supporter 1, the double-screw bolt 3 that is arranged at the dynamometry dish 2 of cylindric supporter upper edge hole circle and is arranged at the dynamometry dish center of circle, and cylindric supporter, dynamometry dish and double-screw bolt are integrated members.Double-screw bolt 3 the be threaded force transmission joint 4 being connected mutually with earthwork test Instrument polishing head and the set nut 5 that acts on force transmission joint.
At the basal surface of dynamometry dish 2, take its center of circle as benchmark circumference is symmetrical and paste 4 resistance strain gages 8 that fixed resistance value equates, at cylindric supporter 1 madial wall, paste and fix two patch-type thermo-compensators 9, a side of cylindric supporter 1 arranges the socket of cable-to-cable connector 6.Cylindric supporter 1 end bead is provided with the chassis 7 by screw fastening.
The force transmission joint 4 of Fig. 1 embodiment is positive hexagonal columns, can recess 4-1 be as shown in Figure 3 set at its top, or at its top, internal thread connecting hole 4-2 is as shown in Figure 4 set, select the force transmission joint of different length and top structure can make standard probe be connected mutually with the various polishing heads with the earthwork test Instrument of pressure test passage.
The electrical connection of standard probe as shown in Figure 5,4 resistance strain gage R0 that resistance equates connect by wheatstone bridge, the power end of electric bridge is connected with V2+, the V2-of D.C. regulated power supply with cable-to-cable connector through patch-type thermo-compensator Rt1, Rt2 respectively, and output terminal OUTPUT1, the OUTPUT2 of electric bridge export through cable-to-cable connector.
The diameter range of Fig. 1 standard probe dynamometry dish and cylindric supporter is 90-118mm, to adapt to different earthwork test Instrument pressure test passage minimum spaces, the maximum range of standard probe is divided into two kinds of 5KN and 20KN, its overall dimensions are identical, can meet this test pressure that installs related various earthwork test Instruments and detect correction needs.
This standard probe dynamometry disc thickness should consider the factors such as steel material, tubular supporter wall thickness and corrosion resistance, the design of dynamometry disc thickness must meet the following conditions: under the maximum pressure effect in range ability, the raw elastic deformation of dynamometry hair updo and pressure are linear positive relation, will keep enough sensitivity and dynamometry dishes can not occur residual deformation within the scope of limit of elasticity.The selected steel of Fig. 1 embodiment are OCr18Ni12Mo (316) stainless steel barses, and dynamometry dish diameter is 100mm, and tubular supporter wall thickness 25-30mm all can.Its dynamometry disc thickness of the standard probe of maximum range 5KN 6-8mm scope with interior all can, its dynamometry disc thickness of the standard probe of maximum range 20KN all can with interior in 10-14mm scope.
The pressure test digital display electrical measuring instrument embodiment of this universal digital display testing calibration device as shown in Figure 6, comprises circuit board and the accurate stabilized voltage supply of the reception standard probe output in cabinet 10 and cabinet.
Cabinet 10 front panels are provided with range switch 13,5KN standard probe initial value zeroing knob 14 and the 20KN standard probe initial value zeroing knob 15 of 5KN, 20KN two gears.Front panel is also provided with 4 half light-emitting diode displays 11 of A/D change-over circuit and multiplying power and shows and select key switch 12, and this key switch is 4 double-pole interlock switchs, is provided with 1 axial force and shows that shelves and 3 stress show shelves, simultaneously can only the connection of You Yi road.Cabinet 10 rear panels are provided with the cable-to-cable connector (not shown) that connects respectively 5KN, 20KN standard probe.
As shown in Figure 7, the circuit board of pressure test digital display electrical measuring instrument is by the standard probe measurement range selection connecting successively and initial value zeroing circuit, precision instrument amplifier circuit, low-pass filter circuit and axial force---and stress multiplying power transfer resistance bleeder circuit forms.
Standard probe initial value zeroing circuit is in series and forms by being connected in precision resistor W1, the W2 resistance identical with two ends resistance between 5KN or 20KN standard probe two output terminals respectively, and 5KN or 20KN standard probe two output terminals are connected in precision instrument amplifier circuit input end through range switch 13 respective switch positions respectively.
Standard probe measurement range selection and initial value zeroing circuit are by being connected to the range switch of 5KN and 20KN standard probe two output terminals and being connected to precision resistor between each standard probe two output terminals and resistance is in series and forms, range switch is the range switch 13 of Fig. 6, and precision resistor W1, W2 are 5KN standard probe initial value zeroing knob 14 and the 20KN standard probe initial value zeroing knob 15 of Fig. 6.
In Fig. 7, the precision instrument amplifier circuit being comprised of integrated transporting discharging IC1, IC2 and IC3 is typical circuit conventional in prior art, between the reverse input end of two prime integrated transporting discharging IC1, IC2, be provided with by precision resistor W3 and resistance gain adjustment circuit in series the temperature-compensation circuit that serial connection consists of thermistor Rt5 in the feedback circuit of IC3.
In Fig. 7, precision instrument amplifier circuit output end is connected in the low-pass filter consisting of integrated operational amplifier IC4 and RC, low-pass filter output terminal and the axial force value output circuit input end and 3 tunnel axial forces that current-limiting resistance R1, consist of---stress multiplying power transfer resistance bleeder circuit input end is connected, and each resistor voltage divider circuit is in series by divider resistance before and after precision resistor W4, W5, W6 and each precision resistor respectively.Axial force value output circuit output terminal is connected in multiplying power and shows that selecting key switch is the optional end of axial force demonstration shelves of the multiplying power demonstration selection key switch 12 of Fig. 1, each resistor voltage divider circuit output terminal is connected to multiplying power and shows 3 optional ends of stress demonstration shelves selecting key switch, and multiplying power demonstration selects the public stiff end of each gear of key switch to be connected in the A/D change-over circuit input end of 4 half light-emitting diode displays.
Axial force value output circuit input voltage and the output voltage ratio of this pressure test digital display electrical measuring instrument are 1: 1, the display unit of display is ' N ', the output voltage of 3 tunnel axial forces---stress multiplying power transfer resistance bleeder circuit is respectively 1/20.43,1/30 and 1/50 of resistor voltage divider circuit input terminal voltage, and the display unit of display is ' KPa '.
Arranging of 3 tunnel axial forces---stress multiplying power transfer resistance bleeder circuit multiplying power is consistent with following geotechnological instrument polishing head area or Area of Sample respectively, and CBR instrument polishing head area is 20.43cm 2, the Area of Samples such as consolidometer, direct shear apparatus, K0 instrument are respectively cm 2or 50cm 2, the legal unit of measurement that is stress according to the stressed size of unit area regulation (1N/cm 2=10KPa) adopt multiplying power circuit that axial force is converted to stress, greatly simplified the unit conversion operation in detection calibration process.
Below briefly narrate the using method of this testing calibration device: first a standard probe is connected in series and is placed in for example dynamometry position of the counterforce device of CBR instrument of the existing test apparatus of testing laboratory with the standard force-measuring meter of process China Metrology Accreditation, contact but do not stress with upper and lower polishing head respectively.The initial value zeroing knob of the pressure test digital display electrical measuring instrument by this testing calibration device returns to zero, and the initial reading of record standard dynamometer clock gauge.By the counterforce device loading of test apparatus, to the standard probe of serial connection and the loading of standard force-measuring meter, to certain axial force, make it keep stable, in the standard force-measuring reading through China Metrology Accreditation, be as the criterion, by gain adjustment circuit, make consistent or both errors of axial force value after the reading of this pressure test digital display electrical measuring instrument and the reading of standard force-measuring meter clock gauge convert in allowed band.
Using aforementioned same procedure in this standard probe range ability, to be divided into 5-6 measuring point demarcates, make the axial force value after the displayed value of this calibrating installation and standard force-measuring meter reading convert difference all should≤(permissible error of the present invention is decided to be 0.5% to permissible error, higher than a magnitude of GB (GB/T15406-94) 5.6.1 bar regulation 1%, be convenient to detect the dynamometry device of each earthwork test Instrument).In the above-mentioned process that this calibrating installation is demarcated, comprise the adjustment to temperature-compensation circuit.
After the Stability and veracity of confirming this test calibration device is qualified, can be to the various earthwork test Instruments with pressure test passage as consolidometer, direct shear apparatus, triaxial apparatus, CBR instrument and K0 instrument, respectively test that the dynamometry passage value of exerting oneself is carried out accuracy calibration and Detection of Stability is calibrated.The standard probe of this testing calibration device is placed on to sample and the container position of detected passage, to substitute soil sample and the test chamber of detected passage.In loading process, record is this device and Earthwork Experiment Data acquisition system terminal CRT reading relatively, with this calibrating installation reading, be as the criterion electrical measurement part or other corresponding pressures partially of detected passage are adjusted online, make detected passage in normal operating conditions, thereby guarantee detected passage output data accurately and reliably.

Claims (6)

1. an earthwork test Instrument pressure test passage universal digital display testing calibration device, it is characterized in that: by the standard probe for pressure test and pressure test digital display electrical measuring instrument, formed, described standard probe is by cylindric supporter, be arranged at the circular dynamometry dish of cylindric supporter upper edge hole and be arranged at the dynamometry dish center of circle and form main body with the perpendicular double-screw bolt of dynamometry dish card, described cylindric supporter, dynamometry dish and double-screw bolt are integrated members, the be threaded force transmission joint that is connected mutually with earthwork test Instrument polishing head and act on the set nut of force transmission joint of described double-screw bolt, its center of circle be take as benchmark circumference is symmetrical and paste 4 resistance strain gages that fixed resistance value equates in the described dynamometry surface of trying to get to the heart of a matter, each resistance strain gage connects by wheatstone bridge, the power end of this electric bridge is connected with the patch-type thermo-compensator one end that is pasted and fixed on cylindric supporter madial wall respectively, two output terminals of each patch-type thermo-compensator other end and electric bridge are electrically connected to the corresponding contact of socket that is arranged on the cable-to-cable connector of cylindric supporter one side, the dynamometry dish of described standard probe and the diameter of cylindric supporter are 90-118mm, cylindric supporter wall thickness 25-30mm, maximum range is divided into two kinds of 5KN and 20KN, described pressure test digital display electrical measuring instrument comprises cabinet, circuit board and accurate stabilized voltage supply, described case front panel is provided with 5KN, 20KN range switch, 5KN and 20KN standard probe initial value zeroing knob, with 4 half light-emitting diode displays of A/D change-over circuit and multiplying power, shows and select key switch, described multiplying power shows that selecting key switch to be provided with 1 axial force shows that shelves and 3 stress show shelves, and described cabinet rear panel is provided with the cable-to-cable connector that connects respectively 5KN, 20KN standard probe, described circuit board is by the standard probe measurement range selection connecting successively and initial value zeroing circuit, precision instrument amplifier circuit, low-pass filter circuit and axial force---stress multiplying power transfer resistance bleeder circuit forms, described standard probe measurement range selection and initial value zeroing circuit by selector switch and be connected to 5KN and 20KN standard probe two output terminals between precision resistor and resistance be in series and form, described precision instrument amplifier circuit output end is connected in the low-pass filter consisting of RC and operational amplifier, low-pass filter output terminal is connected in axial force value output circuit input end and the 3 tunnel axial forces that consist of current-limiting resistance---stress multiplying power transfer resistance bleeder circuit input end, axial force value output circuit output terminal is connected in multiplying power and shows the optional end of axial force demonstration shelves of selecting key switch, each resistor voltage divider circuit output terminal is connected to multiplying power and shows that 3 stress of selection key switch show the optional ends of shelves, described 3 tunnel axial forces---the output voltage of stress multiplying power transfer resistance bleeder circuit is respectively 1/20.43 of resistor voltage divider circuit input terminal voltage, 1/30 and 1/50, multiplying power shows that the public stiff end of each gear of selection key switch is connected in the A/D change-over circuit input end of 4 half light-emitting diode displays.
2. universal digital display testing calibration device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: at the bottom of the cylindric supporter of described standard probe, bead is provided with chassis.
3. universal digital display testing calibration device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: its dynamometry disc thickness of the standard probe that described maximum range is 5KN is 6-8mm.
4. universal digital display testing calibration device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: its dynamometry disc thickness of the standard probe that described maximum range is 20KN is 10-14mm.
5. universal digital display testing calibration device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the force transmission joint of described standard probe is positive hexagonal column, and its top is provided with recess or internal thread connecting hole.
6. universal digital display testing calibration device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described precision instrument amplifier circuit is provided with by precision resistor and resistance gain adjustment circuit in series and is serially connected with the temperature-compensation circuit consisting of thermistor in final stage feedback circuit.
CN201110281984.1A 2011-09-22 2011-09-22 Common digital display detection calibrating device for soil test instrument pressure measurement Active CN102435718B (en)

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Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102507358B (en) * 2011-12-05 2013-07-17 中铁第五勘察设计院集团有限公司 Calibrating device of dynamic deformation modulus tester
CN103792335A (en) * 2014-01-07 2014-05-14 陕西理工学院 Consolidometer information calibration system
CN105891038A (en) * 2015-01-14 2016-08-24 中国矿业大学(北京) Triaxial loading calibrator for industrial CT and calibration process
CN104697877A (en) * 2015-02-11 2015-06-10 中铁第五勘察设计院集团有限公司 Method for automatically checking foundation coefficient tester

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4649741A (en) * 1985-08-22 1987-03-17 Geomatic Insitu soil shear measurement apparatus
CN101013108A (en) * 2007-02-02 2007-08-08 清华大学 Bending unit measuring system
CN200968919Y (en) * 2006-11-13 2007-10-31 胡新国 Weight automatic adding-unloading device of lever type geotechnical tester
CN202256318U (en) * 2011-09-22 2012-05-30 铁道第三勘察设计院集团有限公司 Universal digital display detection and calibration device for pressure test channel of soil test instrument

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4649741A (en) * 1985-08-22 1987-03-17 Geomatic Insitu soil shear measurement apparatus
CN200968919Y (en) * 2006-11-13 2007-10-31 胡新国 Weight automatic adding-unloading device of lever type geotechnical tester
CN101013108A (en) * 2007-02-02 2007-08-08 清华大学 Bending unit measuring system
CN202256318U (en) * 2011-09-22 2012-05-30 铁道第三勘察设计院集团有限公司 Universal digital display detection and calibration device for pressure test channel of soil test instrument

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Address after: 300251 No. 10 Minjiang Road, Minquan gate, Tianjin, Hebei District

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