CN102422767B - Artificial breeding method for wild pinus sylvestriformis - Google Patents
Artificial breeding method for wild pinus sylvestriformis Download PDFInfo
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- CN102422767B CN102422767B CN201110270466XA CN201110270466A CN102422767B CN 102422767 B CN102422767 B CN 102422767B CN 201110270466X A CN201110270466X A CN 201110270466XA CN 201110270466 A CN201110270466 A CN 201110270466A CN 102422767 B CN102422767 B CN 102422767B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an artificial breeding method for wild pinus sylvestriformis, belonging to the technical field of plant planting. The artificial breeding method comprises the following steps of: firstly, preparing a nursery bed; selecting sandy loam land or lightly-sticky soil land with flat round, favorable ventilation, abundant humic matters and the pH value of 4.7-6.2, preferable sandy loam old ginseng land or lightly-sticky soil old ginseng land on which ginseng is planted; secondly, treating seeds including stacking at normal temperature and seed germination acceleration; thirdly, sowing: uniformly spreading pinus sylvestriformis seeds with the split rate of 80-90 percent on the nursery bed; fourthly, managing the nursery bed; fifthly, managing reserved bed seedlings; and sixthly, outplanting nursery stock. The invention has the benefits that the germination percentage is increased from 55 percent before treatment to over 80 percent after treatment; and the emergence rate is increased from 40 percent before treatment to over 85 percent after treatment. The bred pinus sylvestriform stock has the advantages of robust growth, vivid green color, strong resistance and fine variety.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the plant planting technical field, be specifically related to a kind of artificial breeding method of wild changpai scotch pine.
Technical background
Changpai scotch pine grows in Changbaishan area for long green arbor, is the distinctive rare tree species of Changbaishan area, for national I level is laid special stress on protecting wild plant.Changpai scotch pine height of tree 25-30 rice, diameter 25-40 centimetre, tree crown oval or flat ovum shape triangle or umbrella shape, trunk bottom bark sepia, dark be full of cracks, sliver is irregular rectangle, and the pale brown look in top is to reddish yellow, laminar peeling off, little contrary flexure.Changpai scotch pine is praised beauty pine by name because of tree-like attractive in appearance, has ornamental value, is the fine tree species of urban beautification.But because wild changpai scotch pine reproductive survival rate under nature is low, add the artificial destruction factor, wild changpai scotch pine is dwindled in the distributed areas, Changbai Mountain day by day, existing only north slope has scattered distribution on the Changbai Mountain, has belonged to the species of gradually endangering.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is: a kind of wild changpai scotch pine artificial breeding method is provided.It is to wild changpai scotch pine low problem of reproductive survival rate under nature, and the domestication and the cultivation that have solved wild changpai scotch pine on the one hand, are satisfied the needs of urban beautification; On the other hand, protect this rare plant resource effectively, realize the changpai scotch pine Sustainable utilization of resources.
Artificial breeding method of the present invention is:
Prepare in 1 seedbed:
The selection on sowing ground: select physical features smooth, ventilate, be rich in humus, the sand loam ground of pH value 4.7～6.2 or light clay loam ground, preferably plant sand loam behind the genseng join always or light clay loam join ground always.
Put in order ground: whole ground generally carries out in the fall, and the autumn turns over and helps promoting loosing soil and destroy plant diseases and insect pests, and is convenient to work bed, the sowing in good time of next spring.At first level land, plough deeply thin rake then, the degree of depth of ploughing is 25cm.Simultaneously evenly spill insecticide and bactericide carries out soil disinfection, formulation rate is 300 kilograms/hectare in the ferrous sulfate of 50 kilograms/hectare in chlorophos, 37.5 kilograms/hectare, 400 times liquid of 65% Zineb wettable powder.And layering applies base manure when ploughing and rake the soil level, the preferred bio-bacterial manure of base manure; Because of rich soil is born in changpai scotch pine happiness, and nursery stock need be on the seedbed continuous culture growth 2 years, therefore need use sufficient base fertilizer, fertilizing amount should be decided according to soil soil fertility actual conditions.
Make bed: adopt high bed to grow seedlings, 15～20 centimetres of the height of bed, 1.2～1.5 meters of bedsides are not bothered to see me out 0.4 meter between bed; Soil is pulverized, and bed surface is smooth; To be tiled on the bed surface through the river sand and the earth mixture (volume ratio of river sand and soil 1: 1) of the ferrous sulfate of chlorophos, 65% Zineb wettable powder, 400 times of liquid sterilization, thickness is about 10 centimetres, and compacting.
2 seed treatment:
A normal temperature is piled up: the processing time should be selected in mid-August to late August, and temperature is about 16-20 ℃.Selected wild changpai scotch pine seed is dressed seed with carbendazim is diffusing, vexed 24 hours, or with disliking mould clever wetting powder 70% seed dressing 24 hours; Soaked wild changpai scotch pine seed 24 hours～48 hours with clear water then, remove its empty grain and field trash, use 0.3% formalin or 0.5% potassium permanganate solution disinfection seed again through wet concentration.Then, with seed and river sand by volume 1: the ratio of 2-4 is evenly puddled the back pack and is piled up in indoorly, plants in the bag that a sand drift is long-pending highly to be no more than 25 centimetres, plants husky humidity and remains on 60%; Stir kind of heap 1 time every day, change into after 10 days and stir 2～3 times weekly,, stir number of times and reduce gradually along with temperature reduces gradually; To November, temperature about 3-10 ℃, plant the heap freeze before, stop to stir, will plant the heap move in the cellar.Kind piles up and is not attached to the wall body in the cellar, and temperature is controlled at 2 ℃～13 ℃ in the cellar for storing things, preferably is controlled between 6 ℃～8 ℃.Stir kind of heap during the beginning of spring once; To spring in April, second, temperature is at 6-15 ℃, when surface soil begins to thaw, will plant and huskyly in the cellar, take out, and with the iron sieve fine sand sifted out to stay seed and carry out vernalization and handle.
The b presprouting of seeds: pile up seeds treated through normal temperature and put into 45 ℃～50 ℃ water and soak and stir aforementioned, when water temperature drops to 25 ℃, waterlog out, the water of putting into 30 ℃ again soaks, and changes primary water, continuous 4 times in 24 hours; Pull that seed is In Shade to dry in the shade out, in the woven bag of packing into after drying in the shade, deposit, keep the seed epidermis not do, whenever stirred once at a distance from 12 hours in indoor room temperature.By the 7th day, seed had 40%～50% breach, 60%～70% breach was arranged in the 8th day, and seed had 80%～90% breach in the 9th day, at this moment can sow.
3 sowings: aforementioned breach rate reached 80%～90% changpai scotch pine seed and evenly be sprinkling upon on the seedbed.Seeding quantity is decided according to seed quality and germination rate, and when percentage of seedgermination reached 90%, seeding quantity was advisable with every square metre 10 gram.Then with the suppression of wood roller; Seed is pressed in the soil, itself and soil are connected airtight, cover sand then, suppress immediately 1 time after covering sand.Covering husky thickness is between 0.4～0.6 centimetre, is advisable with 2 times of seed, and preferably 0.5cm is thick.Cover husky wanting evenly, thickness is consistent, does not reveal seed.It is blocked up to cover sand, and it is late to emerge, and the very thin easy death of seedling causes the disconnected bar of being short of seedling.Gai Shahou covers 4 cm thick straw again and is beneficial to soil moisture conservation, and water irrigates the seedbed immediately.
4 seedbed managements:
A removes the straw of covering: coming up reaches at 70%～80% o'clock and removes the straw of covering.
B waters: after planting repeatedly water on a small quantity every day, keep bed surface moistening, water the water yield and be as the criterion to connect moisture soil.To water in a large number when being faint yellow or red point, prevent withered as if the back needle that comes up.
The C prevention and elimination of disease and pests: dislike mould clever 800 times～1000 times dilutions spray seedling with 30% immediately after removing straw, every at a distance from 10 days 1 time, dispenser is 4～5 times altogether.When soil insect is taken place, spray bed surface, water then, soup is diffused in the soil with 800～1000 times of aqueous solution of chlorophos.
The d fertilising: when seedling bears 1～2 lateral root, impose diammonium phosphate, fertilizing amount is 375～450 kg/ha, waters in right amount immediately after the fertilising.Whenever topdressed 1 time at a distance from 10～15 days, the also available feces of livestock and poultry that becomes thoroughly decomposed topdresses, and is early July to finish to topdress after 3 months apart from sowing;
E prevention waterlogging: the water drainage in rainy season, should carry out water drainage rainy season, prevents that nursery stock from rot root, and water does not amass in accomplishing, and outer water is not invaded.
The management of 5 reserved bed seedlings:
The a density of reserved seedlings: changpai scotch pine seedling 2 years must be transplanted, and also can directly afforest or afforests application.For cultivating healthy and strong nursery stock, note staying bed density.2 years the growth kahikatea stay seedling 400 strains/square metre; Growth kahikatea reservation 85～90 strains in 3～4 years/square metre, 15 centimetres of seeding row spacing 8 cm x;
The b winter protection of surviving the winter: directly cover the seedbed with plastic film before freezing, compacting is obturaged around the film;
C removes film: spring mean temperature of air in the time of 5 ℃, spread film when nursery stock begins to sprout.
D topdresses: impose " three peaces " biological organic fertilizer immediately after spreading film, the first arrival in June is topdressed 2～3 times for 7 the end of month altogether, 300 kilograms/hectare of each topdressing amounts;
6 outplantings:
The a lifting: except that afforesting autumn with the seedling, all should be at the lifting in spring.Preferably, improve survival rate with rising with usefulness.Note the no seedling injury root during lifting, main root length is more than 15 centimetres;
B selects seedling: for improving the afforestation quality, must be strict with the nursery stock specification quality, classification to select seedling.One-level seedling, plant height are more than 15 centimetres, and leading thread is more than 0.5 centimetre; Secondary seedling, plant height are more than 10 centimetres, and leading thread is more than 0.4 centimetre; With selecting seedling with a bundle handle, every 20 strains, place the lee that shades.Nursery stock not up to standard is handled by useless seedling.
C heels in temporarily: will heel in selecting the nursery stock that can not in time go out the garden behind the seedling temporarily, bury shoot root, keep moistening;
The d bale packing: necessary bale packing during outplanting, moisture releasing grass in the bag, shoot root is inside, and the pendulum seedling is neat, and bale packing is serious, does not reveal shoot root, every bag 2000 strains, weight is no more than 30 kilograms.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, through wild changpai scotch pine artificial breeding method provided by the present invention, realized wild changpai scotch pine percentage of seedgermination by 55% before handling, bring up to after the processing more than 80%; Wild changpai scotch pine emergence rate is by 40% before handling, bring up to after the processing more than 85%.The changpai scotch pine seedling growth of being bred is healthy and strong, and color is bud green, and resistance is strong, and kind is good.Through wild changpai scotch pine artificial breeding method provided by the present invention, the changpai scotch pine seedling can be provided in a large number, make wild changpai scotch pine resource be able to replenish, realize the sustainable development of changpai scotch pine.
2, the present invention old ginseng ground of selecting to plant behind the genseng is the ground, seedbed of wild changpai scotch pine seed growing, and the transformation that has solved old ginseng ground utilizes a difficult problem again, the new way that provides an old ginseng ground improvement to utilize.
Embodiment:
Through embodiment given below, can further be well understood to the present invention, but they not to qualification of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Autumn, select physical features smooth, ventilate, be rich in humus, leveling land in the sand loam ground of pH value 4.7～6.2, ploughs deeply thin rake, and the degree of depth of ploughing is 25cm.Plough simultaneously, evenly spill 300 kilograms/hectare in the ferrous sulfate of 50 kilograms/hectare in chlorophos, 37.5 kilograms/hectare, 400 times liquid of 65% Zineb wettable powder; And layering applies base manure, makes bed then.15 centimetres of the height of bed, 1.2 meters of bedsides are not bothered to see me out 0.4 meter wide between bed.With the ferrous sulfate of chlorophos, 65% Zineb wettable powder and 400 times of liquid sterilization river sand, with river sand, soil after the sterilization be tiled in after the mixed in 1: 1 by volume on the bed surface 10 centimeters thick, and compacting.
Mid-August, selected wild changpai scotch pine seed with back vexed 24 hours of the diffusing seed dressing of carbendazim, was soaked wild changpai scotch pine seed 24 hours with clear water then, through the wet concentration removal of impurities, use 0.3% formalin disinfection seed again.Afterwards, be piled up in indoorly after seed and 1: 3 by volume ratio of river sand evenly puddled, plant that sand drift is long-pending highly to be no more than 25 centimetres, humidity remains on 60%; Stir kind of heap 1 time every day, change into after 10 days and stir 2～3 times weekly,, stir number of times and reduce gradually along with temperature reduces gradually; To November, before freezing, the kind heap stops to stir, and will plant heap and move in the cellar by wall.Temperature is controlled at 2 ℃～6 ℃ in the cellar for storing things, stirs kind of heap during the beginning of spring once, in April, second, when surface soil begins to thaw, will plant sand and in the cellar, take out.After sifting out seed with iron, seed is put into 45 ℃～50 ℃ water soak and be stirred to and waterlog out when water temperature drops to 25 ℃, put into 30 ℃ water again and soak and changed primary water, continuous 4 times in 24 hours; Pull that seed is In Shade to dry in the shade out, the woven bag of packing into after drying in the shade is deposited in indoor room temperature.Keep the seed epidermis not do, whenever stirred once, sowed when seed had 80%～90% breach by the 9th day at a distance from 12 hours.
Seed evenly is sprinkling upon on the seedbed, seed is pressed in the soil, evenly be covered with one deck sand then, cover 0.4 centimetre of husky thickness, suppress immediately 1 time with the wood roller.Mulching straw 4 cm thicks again, and water irrigates the seedbed immediately.Repeatedly water on a small quantity every day later on, keep bed surface moistening.
Come up and reach at 70%～80% o'clock and remove the straw of covering.Immediately dislike mould clever 800 times～1000 times dilutions spray seedling with 30%, whenever sprayed medicine 1 time at a distance from 10 days later on, dispenser is 4～5 times altogether.Spray bed surface with 800～1000 times of aqueous solution of chlorophos, cooperating waters is diffused in the soil soup, the control soil insect.Execute diammonium phosphate when seedling bears 1～2 lateral root, fertilizing amount is 375 kilograms/hectare, waters in right amount immediately after the fertilising; Whenever topdressed 1 time, finish to topdress to early July at a distance from 10～15 days.Note prevention waterlogging row's ponding during to rainy season, prevent that nursery stock from rotting root.
Reserved bed seedling management: 2 years growth kahikatea density of reserved seedlings be 400 strains/square metre; Growth kahikatea reservation 85～90 strains in 3～4 years/square metre, 15 centimetres of seeding row spacing 8 cm x.The winter protection of surviving the winter is before soil freezes at the beginning of 11 months, directly to cover the seedbed with plastic film, and film all around compacting is obturaged.In spring, 5 ℃ of mean temperature of air spread film when nursery stock begins to sprout.Impose " three peaces " biological organic fertilizer immediately after spreading film, the first arrival in June is topdressed 2～3 times for 7 the end of month altogether, 300 kilograms/hectare of each topdressing amounts.
Outplanting: spring lifting, note the no seedling injury root, main root length is more than 15 centimetres; Seedling is selected in classification.One-level seedling, plant height are more than 15 centimetres, and leading thread is more than 0.5 centimetre; Secondary seedling, plant height are more than 10 centimetres, and leading thread is more than 0.4 centimetre; With selecting seedling with a bundle handle, every 20 strains, place the lee that shades.To select the nursery stock that can not in time go out the garden behind the seedling to heel in temporarily, buried shoot root, keep moistening; To nursery stock wood bale packing, moisture releasing grass in the bag, shoot root is inside, and the pendulum seedling is neat, and bale packing is critical, and does not reveal shoot root, every bag 2000 strains, weight is no more than 30 kilograms.
Embodiment 2
Repeat embodiment 1, following difference is arranged: the sowing ground of selection is smooth for physical features, ventilates, and is rich in humus, the light clay loam ground of pH value 4.7～6.2.
Embodiment 3
Repeat embodiment 1, following difference is arranged: the sowing ground of selection is that the sand loam behind the plantation genseng joins ground always.
Embodiment 4
Repeat embodiment 1, following difference is arranged: the sowing ground of selection is that the light clay loam behind the plantation genseng joins ground always.
Embodiment 5
Repeat embodiment 1, following difference is arranged: the selection of time of leveling land was carried out before the sowing in spring.
Embodiment 6
Repeat embodiment 1, following difference is arranged: 15 centimetres of height of bed of growing seedlings, 1.5 meters of bedsides.
Embodiment 7
Repeat embodiment 1, following difference is arranged: 20 centimetres of height of bed of growing seedlings, 1.2 meters of bedsides.
Embodiment 8
Repeat embodiment 1, following difference is arranged: 20 centimetres of height of bed of growing seedlings, 1.5 meters of bedsides
Embodiment 9
Repeat embodiment 1, following difference is arranged: selected wild changpai scotch pine seed was dressed seed 24 hours with disliking mould clever wetting powder 70%; Soaked wild changpai scotch pine seed 48 hours with clear water then, remove its empty grain and field trash, use 0.5% potassium permanganate solution disinfection seed again through wet concentration.
Embodiment 10
Repeat embodiment 1, following difference is arranged: between accumulational stage, temperature is controlled between 6 ℃～8 ℃ kind sand in the cellar for storing things in storing.
Embodiment 11
Repeat embodiment 1, following difference is arranged: between accumulational stage, temperature is controlled between 8 ℃～11 ℃ kind sand in the cellar for storing things in the cellar for storing things.
Embodiment 12
Repeat embodiment 1, following difference is arranged: after planting covering husky thickness is 0.5 centimetre.
Embodiment 13
Repeat embodiment 1, following difference is arranged: after planting covering husky thickness is 0.6 centimetre.
Embodiment 14
Repeat embodiment 1, following difference is arranged: when seedling bears 1～2 lateral root, impose the feces of livestock and poultry that becomes thoroughly decomposed, fertilizing amount is 450 kilograms/hectare.
Claims (2)
1. the artificial breeding method of a wild changpai scotch pine, this method is made up of following steps:
1) prepare in the seedbed; The selection physical features is smooth, ventilates, and is rich in humus; The sand loam ground of pH value 4.7～6.2 or light clay loam ground evenly spill 50 kilograms/hectare in chlorophos, 37.5 kilograms/hectare of 65% Zineb wettable powders, 300 kilograms/hectare of ferrous sulfate dilutions; Plough 25 centimetres, apply base manure; Make bed; 15～20 centimetres of the height of bed, 1.2～1.5 meters of bedsides are not bothered to see me out 0.4 meter between bed; Be tiled in 10 cm thicks on the bed surface after river sand after the usefulness sterilization and 1: 1 by volume the mixed of soil, and compacting;
2) seed treatment,
A normal temperature is piled up, at temperature 16-20 ℃, selected wild changpai scotch pine seed dressed seed with carbendazim is diffusing, and vexed 24 hours, or with disliking mould clever hydroxyisoxazole wetting powder 70% seed dressing 24 hours; Soaked wild changpai scotch pine seed 24 hours～48 hours with clear water then; Use 0.3% formalin or 0.5% potassium permanganate solution disinfection seed again; With seed and river sand by volume the ratio of 1:2-4 evenly puddle in the stacked chamber of back, plant stack height less than 25 centimetres, planting heap humidity is 60%; Stir kind of heap 1 time every day, reduce after 10 days and stir number of times; Before freezing in the face of land, will plant heap and move in the cellar, and plant heap and leave the wall body, temperature is controlled at 2 ℃～13 ℃ in the cellar for storing things; To 1 year spring, temperature was carried out vernalization and is handled at 6-15 ℃;
The b presprouting of seeds is piled up seeds treated through normal temperature and is put into 45 ℃～50 ℃ water and soak and stir aforementioned, when water temperature drops to 25 ℃, waterlogs out, and the water of putting into 30 ℃ again soaked 24 hours, changed water, soaked continuous 4 times again 24 hours; Pull out and dry in the shade, whenever stirred once at a distance from 12 hours, seed breach rate reaches at 80%～90% o'clock and can sow;
3) sowing will be passed through step 2) changpai scotch pine seed after handling evenly is sprinkling upon on the seedbed, with the suppression of wood roller; Cover one deck river sand, thickness is 0.4～0.6 centimetre, again suppression; On river sand, cover 4 cm thick straw, water irrigates the seedbed;
4) seedbed management, coming up reaches at 70%～80% o'clock and removes the straw of covering; Dislike mould clever 800 times～1000 times dilutions spray seedling with 30% immediately, whenever sprayed medicine 1 time at a distance from 10 days, dispenser is 4～5 times altogether; The feces of livestock and poultry of executing diammonium phosphate or becoming thoroughly decomposed when seedling bears 1～2 lateral root, fertilizing amount is 375～450 kg/ha, waters in right amount immediately after the fertilising; Whenever topdressed 1 time, finish to topdress after 3 months apart from sowing at a distance from 10～15 days;
5) reserved bed seedling management,
The a density of reserved seedlings, 2 years the growth kahikatea stay seedling 400 strains/square metre; Growth kahikatea reservation 85～90 strains in 3～4 years/square metre, 15 centimetres of seeding row spacing 8 cm x;
B survives the winter antifreeze, directly covers the seedbed with plastic film before freezing, and compacting is obturaged around the film;
C removes film, and spring, mean temperature of air was removed film in the time of 5 ℃;
D topdresses, and imposes fertilizer immediately after removing film, topdresses 600 kilograms/hectare of topdressing amounts altogether 2～3 times;
6) outplanting
The a lifting, spring lifting, with rising with usefulness, the no seedling injury root, main root is long to be kept more than 15 centimetres;
B selects seedling, selects the seedling standard: the one-level height of seedling is more than 15 centimetres, and leading thread is more than 0.5 centimetre; The secondary height of seedling is more than 10 centimetres, and leading thread is more than 0.4 centimetre; With selecting seedling with a bundle handle, every 20 strains, place the lee that shades;
C heels in temporarily, and the nursery stock that selects Miao Houwei to go out the garden is heeled in temporarily, has buried shoot root, keeps moistening;
The d bale packing, bale packing during outplanting, moisture releasing grass in the bag, shoot root is inside, and the pendulum seedling is neat, and bale packing is critical, and does not reveal shoot root, every bag 2000 strains, weight is no more than 30 kilograms.
2. the artificial breeding method of a kind of wild changpai scotch pine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the light clay loam that the sand loam of soil after for the plantation genseng joined behind ground or the plantation genseng always joins ground always.
3. the artificial breeding method of a kind of wild changpai scotch pine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: base manure is compost.
4. the artificial breeding method of a kind of wild changpai scotch pine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: store interior temperature and be controlled at 6 ℃～8 ℃.
5. the artificial breeding method of a kind of wild changpai scotch pine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: after planting covering husky thickness is 0.5 centimetre.
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| CN103109724B (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2014-07-02 | 镇江山水湾生态农业开发有限公司 | Water planting method for Chinese pine seeding suitable for experiment |
| CN103109728B (en) * | 2013-03-10 | 2013-12-18 | 通化师范学院 | Rapid seedling culturing method of pinus sylvestris in tube |
| CN104322228A (en) * | 2013-11-30 | 2015-02-04 | 钟诚 | Seedling growing method of pine trees |
| CN105210778B (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2018-06-08 | 甘肃康鑫苗木绿化工程有限责任公司 | A kind of Huashan pine method for culturing seedlings |
| CN105453868A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-04-06 | 竹溪县雨润特色种养家庭农场 | Method for cultivating konjak by means of river sand coverage |
| CN110235733A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-09-17 | 陈源雄 | Utilize the method for Small plastic shed plantation cowpea |
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