CN1024136C - 润滑油组合物和浓缩物 - Google Patents
润滑油组合物和浓缩物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1024136C CN1024136C CN89104997A CN89104997A CN1024136C CN 1024136 C CN1024136 C CN 1024136C CN 89104997 A CN89104997 A CN 89104997A CN 89104997 A CN89104997 A CN 89104997A CN 1024136 C CN1024136 C CN 1024136C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- lubricating oil
- mixture
- oil composition
- alcohol
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 328
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 title description 2
- -1 alkali metal sulfonate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 180
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 165
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 165
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 101
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 93
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 86
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 82
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims description 82
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 70
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- NAGJZTKCGNOGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dithiophosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(S)=S NAGJZTKCGNOGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 59
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 57
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 56
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000005917 acylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 46
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 43
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 43
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- 230000010933 acylation Effects 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 32
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical group 0.000 claims description 31
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 24
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
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- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
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- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- CYQAYERJWZKYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentasulfide Chemical compound S1P(S2)(=S)SP3(=S)SP1(=S)SP2(=S)S3 CYQAYERJWZKYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
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- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
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- 229940059574 pentaerithrityl Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000008378 aryl ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
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- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims 3
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 81
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- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
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- MSVZUEGLXXVUJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;n-(2-piperidin-1-ylethyl)-n-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)aniline;chloride Chemical compound Cl.C=1C=CC=NC=1CN(C=1C=CC=CC=1)CCN1CCCCC1 MSVZUEGLXXVUJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JILPJDVXYVTZDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium methoxide Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]C JILPJDVXYVTZDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021518 metal oxyhydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- QMMOXUPEWRXHJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent-2-ene Chemical group CCC=CC QMMOXUPEWRXHJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RFPMGSKVEAUNMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentylidene Chemical group [CH2+]CCC[CH-] RFPMGSKVEAUNMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RDCVZFGRXFJZDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol;prop-1-ene Chemical compound CC=C.CC=C.CC=C.CC=C.OC1=CC=CC=C1 RDCVZFGRXFJZDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000105 potassium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
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- ODZPKZBBUMBTMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium amide Chemical compound [NH2-].[Na+] ODZPKZBBUMBTMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RVEZZJVBDQCTEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfenic acid Chemical compound SO RVEZZJVBDQCTEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IBYFOBGPNPINBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC=CC(O)=O IBYFOBGPNPINBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
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- IBYFOBGPNPINBU-OUKQBFOZSA-N trans-2-tetradecenoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C(O)=O IBYFOBGPNPINBU-OUKQBFOZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- CYTQBVOFDCPGCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphite Chemical compound COP(OC)OC CYTQBVOFDCPGCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N triolein Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M163/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/04—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M129/10—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/68—Esters
- C10M129/76—Esters containing free hydroxy or carboxyl groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/86—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of 30 or more atoms
- C10M129/95—Esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M131/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing halogen
- C10M131/14—Halogenated waxes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
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Abstract
本发明描述了一种用于内燃机的润滑油组合物,其组成如说明书详述。
Description
本发明涉及润滑油组合物。本发明特别涉及含有润滑粘度的油、具有粘度指数和分散特性的羧酸衍生物组分、至少一种磺酸或羧酸的碱金属盐、和至少一种二硫代磷酸的金属盐的润滑油组合物。
用于内燃机,特别是点燃式发动机和柴油机中的润滑油常常被改良和改进从而提供改进性能。包括SAE(美国汽车工程师协会)、ASTM(以前是美国试验材料学会)和API(美国石油学会)在内的各种组织以及汽车制造商不断地设法改进润滑油的性能。近几年来,通过这些协会的努力制定并改进了各种标准。由于提高了发动机的输出功率和复杂性,因此对提供的润滑油的性能要求也提高了,要求这些润滑油在使用的条件下显示出降低的变质倾向,并且降低磨损和不期望沉积物(例如漆膜、淤渣、含碳物质和胶质)的形成,这些沉积物往往会粘附于各发动机部件从而降低发动机的效率。
通常,用于点燃式发动机和柴油发动机的曲轴箱润滑剂已制定了不同分类的油和性能要求,这是由于在这些应用中润滑油的差异和所施用的量所致。近年来,如果为点燃式发动机设计的市场上买得到的优质油可以满足API使用条件分类SF的性能要求,则这种油用“SF”油作标记来识别。新的API使用条件分类SG近来已建立,这种油将用“SG”标志。作为SG设计的油必须通过API使用条件分类SG的性能要求,已建立的API使用条件分类SG保证使这些新油将具有除了SF油那些要求外的附加的期望的性质和操作性能。该SG油将使发动机磨损和沉积物降到最小并且也使使用中的增稠降到最小。SG油是用来改善发动机性能和寿命的,它比所有以前市售
的点燃式发动机的机油都好。SG油附加的特点是在SG规格中包含了CC种类(柴油)的要求。
为了满足SG油的性能要求,这些油必须成功地通过下列汽油和柴油发动机试验,这些试验已在工业上建立了标准:福特程序ⅤE试验(Ford Sequence VE Test);布克程序ⅢE试验(Buick Sequence ⅢE Test);奥尔斯莫比尔程序ⅡD试验(Oldsmobile Sequence ⅡD Test);CRC L-38试验;和卡特皮勒单缸试验发动机LH2(Caterpillar Single Cylmder Test Engine LH2)。这个卡特皮勒试验包含在性能要求中,以便使该油也能用于轻负荷柴油机(柴油性能种类为“CC”)。如果期望具有SG分类的油能用于重负荷柴油机(柴油种类“CD”),那么该油的配方必须通过卡特皮勒单缸试验发动机IG2的更严格的性能要求。所有这些试验的要求都已在工业上建立,并且这些试验将在下面进行更详细的描述。
当期望SG分类的润滑油也显示出改善的燃料经济性时,这个油必须满足燃油有效发动机油测功机试验程序Ⅵ(Sequence Ⅵ Fuel Efficient Engine Oil Dynamometer Test)的要求。
通过SAE、ASTM和API的共同努力已建立了一种新的柴油发动机油的分类,这种新的柴油机油将以“CE”标记。这种满足新柴油分类CE的机油将必须能够满足在现有CD种类中未发现的附加性能要求,CD种类包括Mack T-6,Mack T-7,和Cummins NTC-400试验。
用于多种目的的理想的润滑剂应在所有温度下具有相同的粘度。
然而,现有的润滑剂却不很理想。加入到润滑剂中以减少粘度随温度变化的物质叫粘度改良剂、粘度改进剂、粘度指数改进剂或Ⅵ改进剂。通常改善润滑油粘度指数特性的物质是油溶性有机聚合物,这些聚合物包括聚异丁烯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯(也就是各种链长烷基的甲基丙烯酸酯的共聚物)、乙烯和丙烯的共聚物、苯乙烯和异戊二烯的加氢嵌段共聚物,和聚丙烯酸酯类(也就是,各种链长烷基的丙烯酸酯的共聚物)。
在润滑油组合物中所含的其它物质可使该油组合物满足各种性能要求,这些物质包括分散剂,清净剂,摩擦改良剂,腐蚀抑制剂等。分散剂用于润滑油中从而保证使杂质,特别是那些在内燃机操作中形成的杂质,在悬浮物中而不是作为淤渣沉积。现有工艺已描述了那些同时具有粘度改进和分散剂特性的物质。具有这两种物质的一类化合物由一种聚合物主链组成,该主链被连接到一个或多个极性基团的单体上。这样的化合物常常通过接技作用制备,即使主链聚合物直接与适当的单体反应。
含有羟基化合物或胺与取代的琥珀酸或它们衍生物反应的产物的润滑油分散剂添加剂在现有技术中已有描述,典型的这类分散剂已披露,例如在美国专利3,272,746、3,522,179、3,219,666和4,234,435中。当把在上述4,234,435中描述的组分加入到润滑油中时,其主要起分散剂/清净剂和粘度指数改进剂作用。
本发明描述了一种用于内燃机的润滑油配方,特别是描述了一种用于内燃机的润滑油组合物,该组合物包括(A)大量润滑粘度的油和少量的(B)至少一种羧酸衍生物组分,该羧酸衍生物组分是通过
(B-1)至少一种取代的琥珀酰化剂与(B-2)每当量酰化剂用1当量至高达约2摩尔的至少一种胺化合物反应所制备,这种胺化合物的特征在于其结构内存在着至少一个HN<基,并且其中所说的取代的琥珀酰化剂是由取代基和琥珀基所组成,其中的取代基是由一种聚烯烃所衍生,所说的聚烯烃的数均分子量(
Mn)值约为1300~5000,且
Mw/
Mn值为约1.5至约4.5,所说的酰化剂其特征在于在它们的结构内每当量的取代基有平均至少为1.3当量的琥珀基,(C)至少一种碱性的碱金属磺酸盐或羧酸盐,和(D)至少一种二烃基二硫代磷酸的金属盐,其中(D-1)二硫代磷酸是通过用五硫化二磷与一种醇混合物反应制备的,所说的醇混合物包含至少10摩尔百分数的异丙醇、仲丁醇、或它们的混合物和至少一种含有约3~13碳原子的脂肪族伯醇;并且(D-2)金属是第Ⅱ主族金属、铝、锡、铁、钴、铅、钼、锰、镍或铜。该润滑油组合物还可以含有(E)至少一种羧酸酯衍生物组分,和/或(F)至少一种多元醇的部分脂肪酸酯,和/或(G)至少一种中性或碱性的至少一种酸性有机化合物的碱土金属盐。在一种方案中,本发明的润滑油组合物含有上述添加剂和在说明书中所叙述的其它添加剂,其量足以使得所说的润滑油满足API使用条件分类所定义的“SG”类油的全部性能要求;在另一方案中,本发明的润滑油组合物将含有上述添加剂和在说明书中叙述的其它添加剂,其量足以使本发明的润滑油满足API使用条件分类所定义的“CE”类油的性能要求。
在本发明的说明书和权利要求书中,除组分(A)(是一种油)外,所指的各组分的重量百分数是按化学基准计算的,除非另有说明。例如,当叙述本发明的润滑油组合物含有至少2%(重)的(B)时,
该润滑油组合物中包括按化学基准计算至少为2%(重)的(B)。因此,如果采用的组分(B)为50%(重)的油溶液时,那么在润滑油组合物中至少包括4%(重)的这种油溶液。
酰化剂的当量数取决于存在羧酸官能的总数。在确定酰化剂的当量数时,有些羧基官能是不考虑的,因为这些羧基官能不能够作为羧酸酰化剂反应。然而,一般在用这些酰化剂时,每个羧基对应为1当量的酰化剂。例如,在由1摩尔烯烃聚合物和1摩尔马来酐的反应所形成的酐中为2当量。采用常规技术可容易地确定羧基官能(例如,酸值、皂化值)的数值,因此,酰化剂的当量数对于本领域的技术人员来说也能够容易地确定。
1当量胺或聚胺等于胺或聚胺的分子量除以其分子中存在氮原子的总数,因此1当量的乙二胺等于其分子量的二分之一;1当量的二亚乙基三胺等于其分子量的三分之一;聚(亚烷基)聚胺的商品混合物的当量可通过用氮的原子量(14)除以聚胺中含%N数并乘以100计算得出,因此,含有34%N的聚胺混合物的当量为41.2。1当量的氨或单胺等于其分子量。
1当量的将与酰化剂反应生成羧酸衍生物(B)的羟基取代的胺等于其分子量除以存在于该分子中氮原子基团的总数。为了制备本发明中的组分(B),在计算当量时羟基忽略不计。因此,1当量的乙醇胺等于其分子量,并且1当量的二乙醇胺(基于氮原子)等于其分子量。
为形成本发明中使用的羧酸酯衍生物(E)而使用的羟基取代胺的当量等于其分子量除以存在的羟基数,而存在的氮原子数忽略不计。因此,当用例如二乙醇胺制备酯时,二乙醇胺的当量等于二乙醇胺分
子量的一半。
术语“取代基”和“酰化剂”或“取代的琥珀酰化剂”在下面将给出它们的正确含义。例如,取代基是作为一种反应结果的置换分子中另一种原子或原子基团的一种原子或原子基团。术语酰化剂或取代的琥珀酰化剂指的是化合物本身而不包括为形成酰化剂或取代的琥珀酰化剂所用的未反应的反应物。
(A)润滑粘度的油。
在制备本发明的润滑油中所使用的油可以是天然油、合成油或它们的混合物。
天然油包括动物油和植物油(例如,蓖麻油、猪油)以及矿物润滑油例如煤油和溶剂精制或酸精制的石蜡基油、环烷基油或混合石蜡基-环烷基油型的矿物润滑油。由煤或页岩衍生得到的润滑粘度的油也可以使用。合成润滑油包括烃油和卤代的烃油,例如聚合烯烃和共聚合烯烃(例如,聚丁烯、聚丙烯、丙烯异丁烯共聚物,氯化聚丁烯,等等);聚(1-己烯),聚(1-辛烯)、聚(1-癸烯),等等,和它们的混合物;烷基苯(例如,十二烷基苯,十四烷基苯、二壬基苯、二-(2-乙基己基)-苯,等等);聚苯(例如,联苯、三联苯,烷基化聚苯、等等);烷基化二苯醚和烷基化二苯硫以及它们的衍生物,类似物和同系物等等。
烯化氧聚合物和共聚物及其衍生物(其中末端羟基已通过酯化、醚化作用等改良)构成的另一类已知合成润滑油也能够使用。举例说明就是通过环氧乙烷或1,2-环氧丙烷的聚合制备的那些油,那些聚亚氧烷基聚合物的烷基或芳基醚(例如,平均分子量为约1000的甲基聚异丙二醇醚,分子量为约500~1000的聚乙二醇的二
苯醚、分子量为约1000~1500的聚丙二醇的二乙醚,等等)或其单或多羧酸酯,例如乙酸酯,混合的C3~C8脂肪酸酯,或四甘醇的C13含氧酸二酯。
能够使用的另一类适宜的合成润滑油包括二羧酸(例如苯二甲酸、琥珀酸、烷基琥珀酸、烯基琥珀酸、马来酸、壬二酸、辛二酸、癸二酸、富马酸、己二酸、亚油酸二聚物、丙二酸、烷基丙二酸、烯基丙二酸等等)与各类醇(例如,丁醇、己醇、十二烷基醇、2-乙基己醇、1,2-亚乙基二醇、二甘醇单醚、丙二醇等等)的酯类,这些酯的具体例子包括己二酸二丁酯、二(2-乙基己基)癸二酸酯、二正己基富马酸酯、癸二酸二辛酯、壬二酸二异辛酯、壬二酸二异癸酯、苯二甲酸二辛酯、苯二甲酸二癸酯、癸二酸二二十烷基酯、亚油酸二聚物的2-乙基己二酯,用1摩尔的癸二酸与2摩尔的四甘醇和2摩尔的2-乙基己酸反应形成的合成酯,等等。
用作合成油的酯还包括由C5~C12单羧酸和多元醇及多元醇醚例如新戊二醇、三甲基醇丙烷、季戊四醇、二季戊四醇、三季戊四醇等所生成的酯类。
硅基油例如多烷基、多芳基、多烷氧基、或多芳氧一硅氧烷油和硅酸酯油组成了另一类有用的合成润滑油(例如,四乙基硅酸酯、四异丙基硅酸酯、四-(2-乙基己基)硅酸酯、四-(4-甲基己基)硅酸酯、四-(对-叔丁苯基)硅酸酯、己基(4-甲基-2-戊氧基)二硅氧烷、多(甲基)硅氧烷、多(甲基苯基)硅氧烷,等)。其它合成润滑油包括含磷酸的液态酯(例如,磷酸三甲酯、磷酸三辛酯、癸烷磷酸的二乙酯,等等)、聚合的四氢呋喃等。
上述类型的未精制的、精制的和再精制的油,无论是天然油或合
成油(以及这类油的两种或多种混合物)均能用于本发明的浓缩物中。未精制油是直接从天然油或合成油得到的未进一步精制处理的油。例如直接从干馏操作中获得的页岩油,直接从原油初馏得到的石油油料或直接从酯化过程获得的酯油并且不用进一步精制处理即使用的油是未精制油。精制油类似于未精制油,只是未精制油进行了一种或多种精制步骤进一步处理以改良其一种或多种性质,许多精制工艺对本领域技术人员来说是已知的,例如溶剂抽提、加氢精制、二次蒸馏、酸或碱抽提、过滤、渗滤、等等。再精制油是对精制油使用为获得精制油所采用的类似处理方法所获得的,这种油已在使用中。已知的再精制油还有再生油、循环油或再加工油,并常常通过直接除去废添加剂和油分离产物的方法进行补充精制。
(B)羧酸衍生物
用于本发明润滑油中的组分(B)是至少一种羧酸衍生物组分,所说的组分是通过(B-1)至少一种取代的琥珀酰化剂与(B-2)对每当量酰化剂有1当量至直至2摩尔的至少一种胺化合物(含有至少一个HN<基)反应制备的,其中所说的酰化剂由取代基和琥珀酸基所构成,其中取代基是由特征为
Mn值约为1300~5000且
Mw/
Mn比值约为1.5~4.5的聚烯烃衍生,所说的酰化剂其特征为在其结构内每当量的取代基中有平均至少约为1.3当量的琥珀基。
为改善润滑油组合物的分散性和Ⅵ性质,在本发明的润滑油组合物中包括有羧酸衍生物(B)。尽管在润滑油组合物中最好含有至少0.5%(重),特别是含有至少2%(重)的组分(B),但一般在润滑油组合物中可以含有约0.1%(重)至约10%(重)或
15%(重)的组分(B)。
用于制备羧酸衍生物(B)的取代的琥珀酰化剂(B-1)的特征是在其结构内存在着两个基团或部分,为方便起见,第一个基团或部分在下文通常称为“取代基”,并且是由聚烯羟衍生。衍生这类取代基的聚烯烃的特征为
Mn(数均分子量)值约为1300~5000,且
Mw/
Mn值至少约为1.5,通常约为1.5~4.5或约为1.5~4.0,缩略语
Mw是表示重量平均分子量的常用符号。凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)是一种提供聚合物的重均和数均分子量以及整个分子量分布的方法。对本发明而言,一系列分级的异丁烯的聚合物,聚异丁烯用GPC法作为校准标准。
确定聚合物
Mn和
Mw值的方法是众所周知的,并且在众多的书籍和论文中有述。例如,确定聚合物的
Mn和分子量分布的方法在,W.W.Yan,J.J.Kirkland和D.D.Bly的“现代尺寸筛析液相色谱法“,J.Wiley & Sons Inc.,1979,中有叙述。
酰化剂中的第二个基团或部分在本文中指的是“琥珀基”。这类琥珀基是如下特征结构的基团:
其中X和X′是相同的或是不同的,只要至少一个X和X′使取代的琥珀酰化剂能够起羧酸酰化剂作用。即至少一个X和X′必须是与氨基化合物能形成酰胺或胺盐的取代的酰化剂,而其它的则能够起
到一种常规羧酸酰化剂的作用。酯基转移和转酰氨基反应对本发明来说被认为是常规的酰化反应。
因此,X和/或X′通常是-OH、-O-烃基、-O-M+(其中M+表示1当量的一种金属、铵或胺阳离子)、-NH2、-Cl、-Br、并且X和X′可以同时是-O-,只要能够形成酐。任何X和X′基团不是上述基团之一并不是关键的,只要它的存在不妨碍剩余基团参加酰化反应。然而,最好X和X′各自是琥珀基的两个羧酸官能(即,-C(O)X和-C(O)X′都能参加酰化反应)。
在化学式Ⅰ的基团
取代的琥珀酰化剂其特征在于对每当量的取代基在其结构内存在平均至少为1.3当量的琥珀基(即与化学式Ⅰ相对应的基)。对本发明而言,取代基的当量可以认为是用存在于取代的琥珀酰化剂中的取代基的总重量除以取代基中聚烯烃的
Mn值而得到的数值。这样,如果取代的琥珀酰化剂其特征为取代基的总重量为40,000并且由取代基中得到的聚烯烃的
Mn值是2000,那么取代的琥珀酰化剂其特征为取代基总当量数为20(40000/2000=20)。因此,为满足用于本发明的琥珀酰化剂必要条件之一的特定的琥珀酰化剂还必须在其结构内存在着至少26当量的琥珀基。
对取代的琥珀酰化剂的另一个必要条件是取代基必须从聚烯烃衍生,聚烯烃的特征在于
Mw/
Mn的值至少约为1.5。
Mw/
Mn的上限值通常是约4.5,从约1.5~4.5的值是最优先选用的。
上述
Mw和
Mn值的聚烯烃是本技术领域熟知的并能用常规方法制备。例如,在美国专利4,234,435中举例说明了某些这类聚烯烃,并且将披露涉及这些聚烯烃的该专利列为本发明的参考文献。某些这类聚烯烃,尤其是聚丁烯是市场上可得到的。
在一个优选的方案中,琥珀基通常表示为下式:
其中R和R′各自分别选择-OH、-Cl、-O-低级烷基、且R和R′相同时为-O-。在后一情况下,琥珀基是一个琥珀酐基。在特定的琥珀酰化剂中所有的琥珀基不需要是相同的,但它们能够相同。优选的琥珀基将是:
和〔Ⅲ(A)〕与〔Ⅲ(B)〕的混合物。只要取代的琥珀酰化剂(其中琥珀基相同或不同)属于本技术领域范围内,便能通过常规方法来完成,例如处理取代的琥珀酰化剂本身(例如水解酐为游离酸或转化游离酸为具有亚硫酰二氯的酰基氯)和/或选择适当的马来酸或富马酸反应物。
如上所述,对每当量的取代基,琥珀基的最小数为1.3,最大数通常不超过4.5。一般对每当量的取代基,琥珀基的最小数约为1.4。基于这个最小数对每当量取代基琥珀基的范围至少为1.4至约3.5,特别是约1.4至约2.5。
优选的琥珀基除了取决于每当量取代基中琥珀基的数值和同一性外,更进一步地还取决于能得到取代基的聚烯烃的同一性和特征。
对于
Mn值,例如最小值约为1300和最大值约为5000是优选的,在约1500至约5000的范围内的
Mn值也是优选的,更优选的
Mn值的范围约为1500~2800,最优选的
Mn值范围是从约为1500至2400。
在对能获得取代基的聚烯烃进行进一步讨论之前,应该指出的是琥珀酰化剂的这些优选特性是用来说明独立性与依赖性的存在。例如,在独立性意见上,每当量的取代基的一个优选最小值1.4或1.5与
Mn或
Mw/
Mn的最佳值没有关系。在依赖性意义上,例如,当最佳的最小值1.4或1.5当量的琥珀基与最佳的
Mn和/或
Mw/
Mn值结合时,这些最佳值的结合实际上更进一步叙述了本发明的最佳方案。因此,对讨论过的特定参数,各种参数既可以是独立的又可以与其它参数结合以进一步确定优选值。除非另有明确说明,该观点同样可以适用整个说明书中所叙述的最佳值、范围、比率、反应物等。
在一个方案中,当聚烯烃的
Mn值在范围的较低值一端,例如约1300时,酰化剂中琥珀基对由所说的聚烯烃获得的取代基的比率最好比当
Mn是,例如1500时的比率要高。相反,当聚烯烃的
Mn较高(例如2000)时,该比率可以比当聚烯烃的
Mn为,例如1500时要低。
可以衍生取代基的聚烯烃是2至约16个碳原子,通常为2至约6个碳原子可聚合烯烃单体的均聚物和共聚物。这些共聚物是用两个或多个烯烃单体按已知的常规方法共聚合以形成在其结构内具有从每个所说的两个或多个烯烃单体产生的单元的聚烯烃。因此,这里所用的“共聚物”包括共聚物,三元共聚物,四元共聚物等。正如本领域的普通技术人员明显看到的那样,可获得取代基的聚烯烃通常称之为“聚烯烃”。
形成聚烯烃的烯烃单体是可聚合的烯烃单体,其特征在于存在着一个或多个烯不饱和键(即>C=C<);即它们是单烯单体例如乙烯、丙烯、丁烯-1、异丁烯和辛烯-1或多烯烃单体(通常为二烯烃单体)例如丁二烯-1,3和异戊二烯。
这些烯烃单体通常是可聚合的端烯烃,即烯烃的特征是在其结构内存在着>C=CH2基。然而具有特征为在其结构内存在着
基的可聚合的内烯烃单体(一些文献中有时称其为中烯烃)也能够用来形成聚烯烃。当使用内烯烃单体时,通常是将使用的内烯烃单体与端烯烃一道生成共聚物的聚烯烃。对本发明而言,当一个特定的聚合的烯烃单体能够同时分为一个端烯烃和一个内烯烃时,聚合的烯烃单体将被认为是一个端烯烃。因此,戊二烯-1,3(即戊间二烯)对本发明来说被认为是一个端烯烃。
某些用于制备羧酸酯(B)的取代的琥珀酰化剂(B-1)在现有技术中是已知的,并在美国专利4,234,435中有叙述,该专利被列为本文的参考文献。在美国专利4,234,435中所叙
述的酰化剂其特征是含有由
Mn值约为1300~5000,并且
Mw/
Mn值约为1.5至4的聚烯烃获得的取代基。除了在美国专利4,234,435中所述的酰化剂外,用于本发明的酰化剂也可以含有由
Mw/
Mn比高达4.5的聚烯烃获得的取代基。
通常没有芳基和环脂基的脂族聚烯烃是优选的。在这个优选范围内,由2至约16个碳原子的端烯烃的均聚物和共聚物所得到的聚烯烃是更优选的。这种更优选的聚烯烃由以下限制性条件限制,即尽管末端烯烃的共聚物通常是优选的,但由任意含有高达约40%的由高达约16个碳原子的内烯烃所获得的聚合物单元的共聚物也在优选范围内。一类更优选的聚烯烃是选自2至约6个碳原子,最好为2至4个碳原子的末端烯烃的均聚物和共聚物。不过另一类优选的聚烯烃为任意含有高达约25%的由高达约6个碳原子的内烯烃所得的聚合物单元的聚烯烃。
显然,制备上述满足
Mn和
Mw/
Mn的各种标准的聚烯烃属于本技术领域范畴内,但并不组成本发明的部分。本领域中常见的技术有控制聚合温度,调节聚合引发剂和/或聚合催化剂的类型和数量,在聚合方法中使用链终止基等等。其它常规技术例如汽提(包括真空汽提)非常轻的馏分和/或氧化或机械地降解高分子量聚烯烃以生产低分子量聚烯烃也能够使用。
在制备本发明取代的琥珀酰化剂时,一种或多种上述聚烯烃与一种或多种酸性反应物反应,所说的酸性反应物选自化学式为:
的马来酸或富马酸反应物,(Ⅳ)中X和X′的定义同上述化学式Ⅰ的
定义。优选的马来酸和富马酸反应物将是一种或多种化学式如下的化合物:
其中R和R′同前文中化学式Ⅱ的定义。通常,马来酸或富马酸反应物是马来酸、富马酸、马来酐、或它们两种或多种混合物。马来酸反应物通常比富马酸反应物优先使用,这是因为马来酸反应物更易于获得并且通常更易于与聚烯烃(或其衍生物)反应以制备本发明的取代的琥珀酰化剂。特别优选的反应物是马来酸、马来酐和它们的混合物,由于可获得且易于反应,通常使用马来酐。
叙述制备有用酰化剂的各种方法的专利有U.S.P.3,215,707(Rense)、3,219,666(Norman等人)、3,231,587(Rense)、3,912,764(Palmev)、4,110,349(Coben)和4,234,435(Meinhardt等人),以及UK.1,440,219。公开的这些专利文献列为本文的参考文献。
为了简便起见,下文通常使用术语“马来酸反应物”。在应用时,应该明白该术语通常指选自与上述化学式(Ⅳ)和(Ⅴ)对应的马来酸反应物和富马酸反应物,并包括这些反应物的混合物。
上述酰化剂是制备羧酸衍生物组分(B)的中间产物,组分(B)是由(B-1)一种或多种酰化剂与(B-2)至少一种氨基化合物(其特征为在其结构内存在着至少一种HN<基)反应制备的。
特征为在其结构内存在着至少一种HN<基的氨基化合物(B-2)可能是一种单胺或多胺化合物。两种或多种氨基化合物的混合物能够用来与本发明中与一种或多种酰化剂反应。优选的氨基化合物含有至
少一个伯氨基(即,-NH2),特别优选的胺是多胺,尤其是含有至少两个-NH-基的多胺,或两个都是伯胺或仲胺。这些胺可以是脂族胺、环脂胺、芳胺或杂环胺。多胺不仅导致羧酸衍生物组分比由单胺获得的衍生物组分在用作分散剂/清净剂时通常更有效,而且这些优选的多胺还导致羧酸衍生物组分具有更明显的Ⅵ改进特性。
优选的胺是亚烷基多胺,包括聚亚烷基多胺。亚烷基多胺包括如下结构式的多胺
其中n是由1至约10;每个R3分别是氢原子、烃基或羟基取代的或胺取代的具有高达约30原子的烃基;或在不同氮原子上的两个R3能够连接起来形成U基,但须至少一个R3基是氢原子而且U是一个有约2~10碳原子的亚烷基。优选的U是乙烯或丙烯。特别优选每个R3是氢或一个氨基取代的具有亚乙基多胺的烃基的亚烷基多胺,而最优选的是亚乙基多胺的混合物。通常n的平均值约为2~7。所说亚烷基多胺为亚甲基多胺,亚乙基多胺、亚丁基多胺、亚丙基多胺,亚戊基多胺、亚己基多胺、亚庚基多胺等。这些胺的高级同系物和同类的氨烷基取代的哌嗪也包括在内。
用于制备羧酸衍生物组合(B)的烯化多胺包括1,2-乙二胺,三亚乙基四胺、丙邻二胺、亚丙基二胺、六亚甲基二胺、癸二胺、1,8-亚辛基二胺、二〔1,7-亚庚基〕三胺、三聚丙烯四胺、四亚乙基五胺,亚丙基二胺、五亚乙基六胺、二(亚丙基)三胺、N-
(2-氨基乙基)哌嗪、1,4-双(2-氨基乙基)哌嗪、等等。将二个或多个上述烯化胺缩合而制得的高级同系物和两个或多个上述任何多胺的混合物同样是有用的。
由于价格和效果的原因,乙烯多胺例如上述那些特别有用。Kirk和Othmer在标题为“二胺和高级胺”一文中对上述多胺作了详细描述(化学工艺百科全书,第二版,第7卷,27-39页,Interscience Publishers,Pivision of John Wiley and Sons,1965)。因此,上述百科全书公开的有用多胺可用作参考。制备上述化合物,最方便的方法是将氯化烯与氨反应或将吖丙啶与开环试剂例如氨等反应。上述反应生成含环状缩合产物例如哌嗪的略微复杂的烯化多胺混合物。该混合物特别适用于制备本发明的羧酸衍生物(B)。另一方面,用纯烯化多胺也可制得相当满意的产物。
将上述多胺混合物汽提,可产生其他类有用的多胺混合物。在这种情况下,从烯化多胺混合物中除去低分子量多胺和挥发杂质,剩下的残余物通常叫做“多胺残余物”。一般可将烯化多胺称为含少于2%通常少于1%(重量)沸点低于约200℃的物质。乙烯多胺残余物很容易得到,并且人们发现它相当有用。该残余物含小于约2%(重量)的二亚乙基三胺(DETA)或三亚乙基四胺(TETA)。上述乙烯多胺典型样品(称为“E-100”)可从美国德克萨斯州弗里波特的道化学公司购到,其比重为1.0168(15.6℃),含氮33.15%(重量),粘度为121厘沲(40℃)。该样品的气相色谱法分析表明其约含0.93%“轻馏份”(大部分可能是DETA),0.72%TETA,21.74%四亚乙基五胺和
76.61%五亚乙基六胺和高级多胺(重量)。这些乙烯多胺残余物含环状缩合产物,例如哌嗪和二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺等高级同系物。
这些烯化多胺残余物可与酰化剂反应。在这种情况下,该氨基反应物基本上由烯化多胺残余物构成,或它们能与其他胺和多胺或醇或其混合物一起用。在后种情况下,至少一个氨基反应物包括烯化多胺残余物。
在美国专利3219666和4234435中描述了根据本发明能与酰化剂(B-1)反应的其他多胺。因此,这些专利中能与上述酰化剂反应,生成本发明羧酸衍生物(B)的胺类可供参考。
由上述酰化剂(B-1)和氨基化合物(B-2)产生的羧酸衍生物组分(B)包括酰化的胺,其包括胺盐、酰胺、酰亚胺和咪唑啉及其混合物。为了用酰化剂和氨基化合物制备羧酸衍生物,任选地在有正常液体,基本是惰性有机液体溶剂/稀释剂的情况下,在约80℃至分解的温度(该分解温度如上定义)下,但通常在100℃至300℃(条件是300℃未超过分解温度)温度下,将一个或多个酰化剂和一个或多个氨基化合物进行加热。通常,使用约125℃-约250℃的温度。将足够量的酰化剂和氨基化合物反应,以提供每当量酰化剂一当量至约2摩尔的氨基化合物。
因为使用和先有技术的高分子量酰化剂与胺类反应相同的方法,能使酰化剂(B-1)与胺化合物(B-2)反应,美国专利3,172,892,3,219,666、3,272,746和4,234,435公开的方法在这里引用作为参考,这些方法适用于上述酰化剂与氨基化合物的反应。
为了生产用粘度指数表示的性能改进的羧酸衍生物组分,已发现,通常必须将酰化剂与多官能胺反应物进行反应。例如含二个或多个伯和/或仲氨基多胺优选。然而,显然没有必要所有与酰化剂反应的氨基化合物都是多官能的。这样,使用单和多官能氨基化合物的组合物。
本发明润滑油组合物中可用来产生羧酸衍生物组分(B)的酰化剂(B-1)和氨基化合物(B-2)的相对量是本发明羧酸衍生物组合物的关键特征。必须每当量酰化剂和至少一当量氨基化合物反应。
在一个实施方案中,每当量酰化剂与约1.0至约1.1或多达约1.5当量的氨基化合物反应。在另一个实施方案中,增加氨基化合物的使用量。
上述范围内与酰化剂(B-1)反应的氨基化合物(B-2)量部分地取决于存在的氮原子的量和类型。例如,与含相同量氮原子和几乎不含-NH2基的多胺比较,要求将含一个或多个-NH2基的较少量多胺与给定的酰化剂反应。一个-NH2基与二个-COOH基反应,形成酰亚胺。如果该胺化合物中仅有仲氮,每个>NH仅能与一个-COOH反应。因此,根据多胺中氮原子的量和类型(即-NH2、>NH,和>N-),可容易确定上述范围内与酰化剂反应,产生本发明羧酸衍生物的多胺的量。
除了用来产生羧酸衍生物组分(B)的酰化剂和氨基化合物的相对量外,用于本发明羧酸衍生物组分的其他关键特征是聚烯烃的
Mn和
Mw/
Mn值以及酰化剂平均含量,每当量取代基至少1.3琥珀酸基。当羧酸衍生物组分(B)具有所有这些特征时,本发明的润滑油组合物显示出新的更好的特性。该润滑油的特点在于改进内燃机的性能。
在反应结束时酰化剂中琥珀酸基与酰化剂中取代基的当量比值可由校正为反应混合物中未反应聚烯烃(通常在下列实施例中称为滤液或残余物)量的反应混合物的皂化值来测定。皂化值由ASTMD-94的方法测定。由皂化值计算该比值的公式如下:
比值= (Mn(校正的皂化值))/(112,200-98(校正的皂化值))
将皂化值除以已反应的聚烯烃百分数可得到校正的皂化值。例如,如果10%聚烯烃未反应,滤液或残余物的皂化值为95,则校正的皂化值为95除以0.90,即105.5。
下面实施例1-3说明酰化剂的制备方法。下面实施例B-1到B-9说明羧酸衍生物组分(B)的制备方法。目前这些实施例说明优选的实施方案。在下面实施例以及说明书和权利要求中的所有百分比和份,除了另外明确表示外,都按重量计。
酰化剂:
实施例1
将510份(0.28摩尔)聚异丁烯(
Mn=1845;
Mw=5325)和59份(0.59摩尔)马来酐的混合物加热到110℃。在7小时内,将该混合物加热到190℃,在这期间,将43份(0.6摩尔)氯气加到该表面下面。在190~192℃,于3.5小时内,补加11份(0.16摩尔)氯气。鼓入氮气在190~193℃加热汽提该反应混合物达10小时。残余物是要求的皂化当量为87(用ASTM方法测定)的聚异丁烯,取代的琥珀
酰化剂。
实施例2
将1000份(0.495摩尔)聚异丁烯(
Mn=2020;
Mw=6049)和115份(1.17摩尔)马来酐的混合物加热到110℃。在6小时内将该混合物加热到184℃,在这期间,将85份(1.2摩尔)氯气加到该表面下面。在184-189℃,在4小时内,补加59份(0.83摩尔)氯气。鼓入氮气,在186-190℃加热汽提该反应混合物达26小时。该残余物是要求的皂化当量为87(用ASTM方法D-94测定)的聚异丁烯取代的琥珀酰化剂。
实施例3
在80℃,在4.66小时内,将251份氯气加到3000份聚异丁烯(
Mn=1696;
Mw=6594)中,制得氯化聚异丁烯和345份马来酐的混合物。在0.5小时内,加热到200℃。该反应混合物保持在200~224℃6.33小时。真空下在210℃,汽提,过滤。该滤液是要求的皂化当量为94(用ASTM方法D-94测定)的聚异丁烯取代的琥珀酰化剂。
羧酸衍生组分(B):
实施例B-1
在138℃将10.2份(0.25当量)工业用乙烯多胺混合物(每分子含约3-10氮原子)加到113份矿物油和161份(0.25当量)取代琥珀酰化剂(由实施例1制得)中,制得混合物。在2小时内,将该反应混合物加热至150℃并鼓入氮气汽提。过滤该反应混合物,得到的滤液是要求的油状溶液产物。
实施例B-2
在140~145℃,将57份(1.38当量)工业用乙烯多胺混合物(每分子含约3-10氮原子)加到1067份矿物油和893份(1.38当量)取代琥珀酰化剂(由实施例2制得)中,制得混合物。在3小时内,将该反应混合物加热至155℃,鼓入氮气汽提。过滤该反应混合物,得到的滤液是要求的油状溶液产物。
按照实施例B-1所述的一般的方法制备B-3至B-9的产物。
实施例B-3
将1132份矿物油和709份(1.2当量)取代琥珀酰化剂(由实施例1制得)配制成混合物。在130-140℃,在约4小时内,用滴液漏斗将56.8份哌嗪(1.32当量)在200份水中的溶液,慢慢地加到上述混合物中。随着水份除去继续加热到160℃。在160-165℃,将该混合物保持在160-165℃达1小时,冷却过夜。将该混合物再加热到160℃后,将该混合物保持在该温度达4小时。加入矿物油(270份),在150℃,用助滤剂过滤该混合物。该滤液是要求的含0.65%氮(理论值为0.86%)油状溶液产物(65%油)。
实施例B-4
将1968份矿物油和1508份(2.5当量)取代琥珀酰化剂(由实施例1制得)的混合物加热至145℃。在2小时内加入125.6份(3.0当量)工业用乙烯多胺混合物(实施例B-1用的),同时将反应温度保持在145-150℃。用鼓入氮气,在150-152℃将该反应混合物汽提5.5小时。在150℃用助滤剂过滤该混合物。该滤液是要求的含1.20%氮(理论值
1.17%)油状溶液产物(55%油)
实施例B-5
将4082份矿物油和250.8份(6.24当量)工业用乙烯多胺(实施例B-1用的)混合物加热到110℃,在2小时内,加入3136份(5.2当量)取代琥珀酰化剂(由实施例1制得)。在加入过程中,鼓入氮气,同时将温度保持在110-120℃。当所有的胺加完时,将该混合物加热到160℃,保持在该温度约6.5小时,同时除去水,在140℃,用助滤剂过滤该混合物,滤液是要求的含1.17%氮(理论值为1.18%)的油状溶液产物(55%油)。
实施例B-6
将4158份矿物油和3136份(5.2当量)取代琥珀酰化剂(由实施例1制得)的混合物加热到140℃。当温度增加到140-150℃时,在1小时内,加入312份(7.26当量)工业用乙烯多胺混合物(实施例B-1用的)。在鼓入氮气的同时将该混合物保持在150℃达2小时,保持在160℃3小时。在140℃,用助滤剂过滤该混合物。该滤液是要求的含有1.44%氮(理论值1.34%)的油状溶液产物(55%油)。
实施例B-7
将4053份矿物油和287份(7.14当量)工业用乙烯多胺(实施例B-1中用的)混合物加热到110℃。在1小时内,加入3075份(5.1当量)取代琥珀酰化剂(实施例1制得),同时保持在该温度约110℃。在2小时内,将混合物加热到160℃,并保持在该温度达4小时。然后在150℃,用助滤剂过滤该反应混
合物,滤液是要求的含1.33%氮(理论值1.36%)的油状溶液产物(55%油)。
实施例B-8
将1503份矿物油和1220份(2当量)取代琥珀酰化剂(实施例1中制得)的混合物加热到110℃。在约50分钟内,加入120份(3当量)工业用乙烯多胺混合物(实施例B-1用的类型)。在110℃将该反应混合物搅拌30分钟,此后该温度慢慢上升到151℃,保持在约151℃达4小时。加入助滤剂过滤该混合物。滤液是要求的含1.44%氮(理论值1.49%)的油状溶液产物(53.2%油)。
实施例B-9
将3111份矿物油和844份(21当量)工业用乙烯多胺混合物(实施例B-1用的)加热到140℃。当温度增加到150℃,在约1.75小时内,加入3885份(7.0当量)取代琥珀酰化剂(实施例1制得)。
在鼓入氮气时,将该混合物保持在150~155℃达约6小时。然后在130℃用助滤剂过滤,滤液是要求的含3.5%氮(理论值3.78%)的油状溶液产物(40%油)。
(C)碱金属盐
本发明润滑油组合物的组分(C)至少是一种磺酸或羧酸的至少一种碱金属盐。该组分属于先有技术公认的用“碱性的”,“过碱性的”和“高碱性的”盐或复合体表示的那些含金属的组分之列。它们的制备方法通常称为“高碱性化”。术语“金属比”通常用来定义相对于有机阴离子量,这些盐或复合体中的金属量,并定义为金属当量数对
中式盐中的金属当量数之比(根据含该化合物的通常化学计算法)。
美国专利4326972(Chamberlin)对某些用作组分(C)的碱金属盐作了一般的描述。因此引用上述专利公开的有用的碱金属盐及其制备方法作为参考。
碱金属盐中的碱金属主要包括锂、钠和钾,钠和钾优选。
适用于制备组分(C)的磺酸包括用式(Ⅶ)和(Ⅷ)表示的那些磺酸:
在这些式中,R′是指脂族烃或脂族烃取代的环脂族烃或基本上不含不饱和炔烃和含多达约60个碳原子的烃基。当R′是脂族烃基时,R′通常含至少约15个碳原子;当R′是脂族烃基取代的环脂族烃基时,脂族烃取代基通常含至少约12个碳原子。R′的例子是烷基、链烯基和烷氧基烷基。脂族烃基取代的环脂族烃基中的脂族烃取代基是烷基、链烯基、烷氧基、烷氧基烷基、羧基烷基等。通常,环脂族环是由环烷或环烯烃例如环戊烷、环己烷、环己烯或环戊烯衍生出来。R′的具体例子的鲸蜡基环己基、月桂基环己基、鲸蜡氧基乙基、十八烯基和由石油、饱和的和不饱和的石蜡和含聚合单烯烃的烯烃聚合物和每烯烃单元含约2-8个碳原子的二烯烃衍生的基。R′也可含其它取代基,例如苯基、环烷基、羟基、巯基、卤、硝基、氨基、亚硝基、低级烷氧基、低级烷基巯基、羧基、烷酯基、氧代或硫代、或间断基因,例如-NH-,-O-或-S-,只要其烃的特性基本上不消失。
式Ⅶ中的R通常是烃或基本上不含不饱和炔属烃和含约4到约60
个碳原子的烃基。脂族烃基,例如烷基或链烯烃优选。然而,R也可含取代基或间断基,例如上述基本上保持其烃特性的那些间断基。通常,R′或R中的任何非碳原子总数不多于其总重量的10%
T是可以由芳族烃例如苯、萘、蒽或联苯或由杂环化合物例如吡啶、吲哚或异吲哚衍生的。通常,T是芳族烃环,特别是苯或萘环。
下标x至少是1,一般是1-3。下标r和y是每分子约1-2的平均值,一般也可以是1。
通常,磺酸是石油磺酸或合成的烷芳基磺酸。石油磺酸中最有用的产物是用后步除去酸渣磺化适合的石油馏分和用精制方法制得的产物。合成的烷芳基磺酸通常是由烷基苯例如苯和聚合物如四聚丙烯的弗瑞德-克来福特反应产物制得。下面是用来制备盐(C)的磺酸的具体例子。当然,这样的实例也用来说明作组分(C)的上述磺酸盐类。换言之,列举每个磺酸是为了说明其相应的碱金属盐(这同样适用于下面列举的羧酸物质)。上述磺酸包含石油磺酸(油溶性)、光亮油磺酸、石油磺酸、单蜡和多蜡取代的萘磺酸、鲸蜡基氯苯磺酸、鲸蜡基苯酚磺酸、鲸蜡基苯酚二硫磺酸、鲸蜡氧基苯磺酸、二鲸蜡基噻蒽磺酸、二月桂基β-萘酚磺酸、二辛基硝基萘磺酸、饱和的石蜡磺酸、不饱和石蜡磺酸、羟基取代的石蜡磺酸、四聚异丁烯磺酸、四聚戊烯磺酸、氯取代的石蜡磺酸、亚硝基取代的石蜡磺酸、石油萘磺酸、鲸蜡基环戊基磺酸、月桂基环己基磺酸、单和多蜡取代的环己基磺酸、十二烷基苯磺酸、“二聚烷基化”磺酸等。
含有至少8个碳原子的烷基取代的苯磺酸包括十二烷基苯“残渣”磺酸是特别有用的。后者是用四聚丙烯或三聚异丁烯烷基化苯在苯环上引入1,2,3或多个支链C12取代基产生的十二烷基苯残渣,
主要是单或二烷基苯的混合物,作为生产家用洗涤剂的副产品是可得到的。在生产线性烷基磺酸盐(LAS)中生成的残渣烷基化得到的相似产物用于本发明制备磺酸盐也是有用的。
洗涤剂生产的付产品与例如SO3反应制备磺酸盐是本领域技术人员熟知的。例如参见Kirk-Othmer的“化学工艺百科全书”中的“磺酸盐”一文(第二版,第19册,291页,John Wiley & Sons出版,纽约,1969)。
可作为本发明润滑油组合物的组分C的碱性磺酸盐的其他描述和其制备方法可参见下列美国专利:2174110,2202781,2239974,2319121,2337552,3488284,3595790,3398012。因此,在这方面引用这些专利公开的内容作为参考。
可制备有用的金属盐的合适羧酸包括脂族,脂环族和芳族的一元和多元羧酸,包括环烷酸,烷基或链烯基取代的环戊酸,烷基或链烯基取代的环己酸,烷基或链烯基取代的芳族羧酸。脂族酸一般含约8-50个碳原子,优选的约12-25个碳原子。环脂族和脂族羧酸优选,它们可是饱和的或不能饱和的。具体的例子包括2-乙基己酸、亚麻酸、四聚丙烯取代的马来酸、山萮酸、异硬脂酸、壬酸、癸酸、棕榈油酸、亚油酸、月桂酸、油酸、蓖麻油酸、十一烷酸、二辛基环戊烷羧酸、肉豆蔻酸、二月桂基十氢化萘羧酸、硬脂酰八氢化茚羧酸、棕榈酸、烷基和链烯基琥珀酸。由石油或烃蜡氧化形成的酸和工业用的二个或多个羧酸例如乳油酸、树脂酸等的混合物。
酸性的有机化合物当量是其分子量除以每分子的酸基(例如磺酸基或羧酸基)数。
在一个优选的实施方案中,碱金属盐(C)是金属比至少约2,一般约4-40,优选的约6-30,特殊的约8-25的碱金属盐。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,碱性盐(C)是在反应混合物固化温度和其分解温度之间的温度下,充分接触一段时间以形成的稳定分散体制得的油溶性分散体:
(c-1)至少是一种选自含二氧化碳,硫化氢和二氧化硫的酸性气体物质,与
(c-2)是包括下面组分的反应混合物:
(c-2-a)至少一种油溶性磺酸或其对高碱化敏感的衍生物;
(c-2-b)至少一种碱金属或碱性碱金属化合物;
(c-2-c)至少一种低级脂肪醇,烷基酚,或硫化烷基酚;和
(c-2-d)至少是一种油溶性羧酸或其官能衍生物。当(c-2-c)是烷基酚或硫化烷基酚时,组分(c-2-d)是任选的。混合物(c-2)中有或没有羧酸都能制得满意的碱性磺酸盐。
试剂(c-1)至少可以是一种二氧化碳、硫化氢或二氧化硫的酸性气体物质;这些气体混合物也是有用的。二氧化碳优选。
如上所述,组分(c-2)一般是含至少四种组分的混合物,其中组分(c-2-a)至少是一种上述油溶性磺酸,或其对高碱化敏感的衍生物。磺酸和/或它们的衍生物的混合物也可使用。对高碱化敏感的磺酸衍生物包括它们的金属盐,特别是碱土金属盐、锌和铅盐,铵盐和胺盐,例如乙胺,丁胺和乙烯多胺盐;和酯,例如乙基、丁基和甘油酯。
组分(c-2-b)至少是一种碱金属或其碱性化合物。用作说
明的性碱金属化合物是氢氧化物,醇盐(其中的烷氧基一般含多达10个碳原子,优选的含多达7个碳原子),氢化物和酰胺。因此,有用的碱性碱金属化合物包括氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、丙醇钠、甲醇锂、乙醇钾、丁醇钠、氢化锂、氢化钠、氢化钾、氨基化锂、氨基化钠和氨基化钾。特别优选的是氢氧化钠和低级醇钠(即含多达7个碳原子的醇钠)。对本发明组分(c-2-b)的当量等于其分子量,因此该碱金属是一价的。
组分(c-2-c)至少可以是一种低级脂肪醇,一元醇或二元醇优选。用作说明的醇是甲醇、乙醇、1-丙醇、1-己醇、异丙醇、异丁醇、2-戊醇、2,2-二甲基-1-丙醇、1,2亚乙基二醇、1,3-丙二醇、和1,5-戊二醇。该醇也可以是二醇醚,例如甲基溶纤剂。其中优选的醇是甲醇、乙醇和丙醇,甲醇最佳。
组分(c-2-c)至少也可以是至少一种烷基酚或硫化烷基酚。特别当(c-2-b)是钾或它的一种碱性化合物例如氢氧化钾时,该硫化烷基酚优选。这里所用的术语“苯酚”包括连在芳香环上一个以上羟基的化合物。该芳环可以是苄基或萘基环。该术语“烷基酚”包括一或二烷基化的酚,其中每个烷基取代基含约6-100个碳原子,优选的是约6-50个碳原子。
用作说明的烷基酚包括庚基苯酚、辛基苯酚、癸基苯酚、十二烷基苯酚、聚丙烯(
Mn约150)取代的苯酚、聚异丁烯(
Mn约1200)取代的苯酚、环己基苯酚。
上述酚与至少有一个低级醛或酮的缩合产物也是有用的。术语“低级”指含不多于7个碳原子的醛和酮。适合的醛包括甲醛、乙醛、丙醛、丁醛、戊醛和苯甲醛。醛产生的试剂,例如多聚甲醛,三恶烷、
甲醇、甲基Formcel和三聚乙醛也适合。甲醛和甲醛产生的试剂最佳。
硫化烷基酚包括酚硫化物,二硫化物或多硫化物。用本领域技术人员公知的方法能将硫化酚从任何适合的烷基酚衍生出来。许多硫化烷基酚是工业上可得到的。将烷基酚与元素硫和/或-卤化硫(例如一氯化硫)反应,可制得硫化烷基酚。在过量碱存在下该反应可进行,根据该反应条件,可生成硫化物,二硫化物或多硫化物的盐混合物。反应生成的产物可用来制备本发明的组分(c-2)。美国专利2971940和4309293中公开了用作说明组分(c-2-c)的各种硫化酚,因此,这些专利公开的内容可供参考。
组分(c-2-c)的当量是其分子量除以每分子羟基数。
组分(c-2-d)至少是一种上述油溶性酸或其官能衍生物。特别适合的羧酸是式R(COOH)n的那些羧酸,其中n是1-6的整数,1或2优选。R5是饱和的或基本上饱和的至少有8个碳原子的脂族基团(烃基优选)。根据n值,R5可以是一价至六价原子。
R5可以包含基本上不改变其烃特性的非烃取代基。上述取代基量最好不大于约20%(重量)。典型的取代基包含上述关于组分(c-2-a)的非烃取代基。R5也可含烯不饱和键,以存在的碳-碳共价键总量为基准,R5最多可含约5%,优选的含约2%的烯不饱和键。根据R5的来源,通常,R5中的碳原子数约8-700。如下所述,将烯烃聚合物或卤化烯烃聚合体与α,β-不饱和酸或其酐,例如丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、马来酸或富马酸或马来酐反应,制得一系列较佳的羧酸和衍生物,并产生相应取代酸或其衍生物。用凝胶渗透色谱法测得这些产物中R5基的数均分子量为约150-约10000,通常约700-5000。
适合于作组分(c-2-d)的一元羧酸其有式R5COOH。上述酸的例子是辛酸、癸酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、异硬脂酸、亚油酸和山萮酸。将卤化烯烃聚合物(例如氯化聚丁烯)与丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸反应,可制得最佳的一元羧酸类。
适合的二元羧酸包括具有下式的取代琥珀酸:
其中R6与上述R5相同。R6可以是由单体如乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、异丁烯、1-戊烯、2-戊烯、1-己烯和3-己烯聚合而生成的烯烃聚合物衍生基。R6也可由基本上饱和的高分子量石油馏份衍生出来。烃取代的琥珀酸和它们的衍生物构成适合于作组分c-2-d最好的羧酸。
上述由烯烃聚合物生成的羧酸和它们的衍生物是本领域熟知的。一些美国专利对它们的制备方法以及用于本发明典型实例作了详细描述。
用作组分(c-2-d)的上述酸的官能衍生物包括酐、酯、酰胺、酰亚胺、脒和金属或铵盐。烯烃聚合物取代的琥珀酸和单胺或多胺,尤其是多烯多胺(含有达约10个氨基氮)的反应产物特别有用。通常,这些反应产物包括一个或多个酰胺、酰亚胺和脒的混合物。多乙烯多胺(含多达约10个氮原子)和聚丁烯取代的琥珀酐(其中聚丁烯基主要含异丁烯单元)的反应产物特别有用。用二硫化物、硼化物、腈、尿素、硫脲、胍、烯化氧或同类物处理胺/酐反应产物得到的组分也包括在该官能衍生物中。上述取代的琥珀酸的单酰胺、单金属盐和单酯、单金属盐衍生物也是有用的。
由取代酸或酐与单或多羟基化合物(例如脂肪醇或酚)反应制得的酯也是有用的。最佳的是烯烃聚合物取代的琥珀酸或酐和含2-10个羟基和多达约40个原子的多羟基脂族醇生成的酯。这类醇包括乙二醇、甘油、山梨醇、季戊四醇、聚乙二醇、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、N,N-二(羟乙基)乙烯二胺和同类物。当该醇含活性氨基时,该反应产物可包含酸基与羟基和氨基官能团反应产生的产物。因此,这个反应混合物可能包含单酯、单酰胺、酯、酰胺和酰亚胺。
试剂(c-2)的组分当量比可很大。一般,组分(c-2-b)对(c-2-a)的当量比至少约4∶1,通常,不大于约40∶1,6∶1-30∶1优选,8∶1-25∶1最佳。而这个比值有时超过40∶1,通常上述过量不适用。
组分(c-2-c)对组分(c-2-a)的当量比约1∶20-80∶1,优选的是约2∶1-50∶1。如上所述,当组分(c-2-c)是烷基酚或硫化烷基酚时,羧酸(c-2-d)是任选的。一般,在该混合物中,组分(c-2-d)对组分(c-2-a)的当量比约1∶1-1∶20,优选的是约1∶2-1∶10。
多达约化学计算量的酸性物质(c-1)与(c-2)反应。在一个实施方案中,该酸性物质计入(c-2)混合物,该反应是快速的。(c-1)的加入速度不是关键,但是,如果由于反应放热使该混合物的温度升得太快,必须减慢加入速度。
当(c-2-c)是醇时,反应温度不是关键。通常,反应温度应在该反应混合物的固化温度和其分解温度(即其中任何组分的最低分解温度)之间。通常,该温度在约25℃-200℃,优选的温度约50℃-150℃。在该混合物的回流温度下,试剂(c-1)和
(c-2)很容易接触。显然,这个温度取决于各种组分的沸点;因此,用甲醇作组分(c-2-c)时,该接触温度应在或低于甲醇回流温度。
当试剂(c-2-c)是烷基酚或硫化烷基酚时,该反应温度必须在或高于水稀释的共沸物的温度,以便能将反应中形成的水份除去。
虽然超计大气压往往能加速反应,并使试剂得到最好的利用,但通常该反应是在常压下进行的。该反应也能在减压下进行,但实际上由于明显的原因,很少这样做。
通常在基本惰性的通常液态有机稀释剂(能起分散体和反应介质的作用)存在下,进行该反应,该稀释剂至少约占反应混合物总量的10%。
当反应完时,最好用过滤或其他常规方法除去混合物中任何固体。用普通方法例如蒸馏可随意地将容易除去的稀释剂,醇促进剂和反应中形成的水份除去。由于水的存在会使过滤困难,并会在燃料和润滑油中形成讨厌的乳化液,通常最好是从该反应混合物中将所有的水份除去。在常压和减压下进行加热或共沸蒸馏,可容易地将上述任何水份除去。在一个优选的实施方案中,当要求用碱性磺酸钾作组分(c)时,用二氧化碳和硫化烷基酚作组分(c-2-c)可制得钾盐。使用硫化酚会生成金属比更高的碱性盐,并形成更均匀和稳定的盐类。
组分(C)的碱性盐或复合体可以是溶液或更可能是稳定的分散体。此外,它们也可被认为是由酸性物质,高碱化的油溶性酸和金属化合物反应产生的“聚合盐”。根据上述观点,最方便是参考它们形成的方法来定义这些组分。
加拿大专利1055700(相当于英国专利1481553)
对上述用醇作组分(c-2-c),制备磺酸碱金属盐(金属比至少约2,优选的金属比约4-40)的方法作了详细描述。这些专利公开的上述方法可以供参考。下面实施例进一步说明用作本发明润滑油组合物中用作组分(c)的碱金属磺酸盐油溶性分散体的制备方法。
实施例C-1
将320份(8当量)氢氧化钠和640份(20当量)甲醇加到790份(1当量)烷基化苯磺酸和71份主要含异丁烯单元的聚丁烯基琥珀酐(约560当量)在176份矿物油的溶液中。由于反应放热,在10分钟内该混合物的温度增加到89℃(回流温度)。在这期间,向该混合物中以每小时4立方呎的速度鼓入二氧化碳。当温度逐渐降到74℃时继续碳酸化30分钟。当温度在90分钟内慢慢增加到150℃时,以每小时2立方呎的速度向其中鼓入氮气,将碳酸化混合物汽提出甲醇和其他挥发物。待汽提完成后,将留下的混合物维待在155-165℃约30分钟,并过滤,得到要求的金属比约7.75的碱性磺酸钠油溶液,该溶液含12.4%油。
实施例C-2
按照实施例C-1的方法,将780份(1当量)烷基化苯磺酸和119份聚丁烯基琥珀酐在440份矿物油中的溶液与800份(20当量)氢氧化钠和704份(22当量)甲醇混合。当温度慢慢增加到97℃时,以每小时7立方呎的速度向该混合物中鼓入二氧化碳11分钟。在约40分钟内二氧化碳的流速降到每小时6立方呎,温度慢慢下降到88℃。二氧化碳流速降到每小时5立方呎约35分钟,温度慢慢下降到73℃。当温度慢慢上升到160℃时,向碳化物质中以每小时2立方呎的速度鼓入氮气汽提挥发物质105分钟。
待汽提完成后,将该混合物保持在160℃,达45分钟。然后过滤,得到要求的金属比约19.75的碱性磺酸钠油溶液。该溶液含18.7%油。
D)二氢二价碳基二硫代磷酸金属盐
本发明油组合物也含(D):至少一种二氢二价碳基二硫代磷酸金属盐,其中(D-1)二硫代磷酸是由五硫代磷与含至少10%摩尔的异丙醇、仲丁醇的醇混合物或异丙醇和仲丁醇和至少一个含约3-13个碳原子的脂族伯醇的醇混合物进行反应制得的。(D-2)金属是Ⅱ族金属、铝、锡、铁、钴、铅、钼、锰、镍或铜。
通常,本发明的油组合物含不同量的一种或多种上述二硫代磷酸金属盐(例如以油组合物总量为基准含约0.01-2%(重量),通常约0.01-1%)。二硫代磷酸金属盐(D)改善了本发明油组合物的抗磨和抗氧化的特性。
制备本发明中用的金属盐的二硫代磷酸是通过将每摩尔五硫化磷与约4摩尔醇混合物反应制得的。该反应可在约50-200℃的温度范围内进行。通常在约1-10小时内可完成该反应,在反应期间释放出硫化氢。
用来制备本发明中用的二硫代磷酸的醇混合物包括异丙醇、仲丁醇的混合物或异丙醇和仲丁醇和至少一种含约3-13个碳原子的脂族伯醇的混合物。特别是醇混合物含至少10%摩尔异丙醇和/或仲丁醇,通常含约20%至90%摩尔的异丙醇。在一个优选的实施方案中,醇混合物含约40%至60%摩尔的异丙醇,剩余物是一种或多种脂族伯醇。
可包括在醇混合物中的伯醇包括正丁醇、异丁醇、正戊醇、异戊醇、正己醇、2-乙基-1-己醇、异辛醇、壬醇、癸醇、十二烷醇、
十三烷醇等。伯醇也可含各种取代基,例如卤素。有用的醇混合物的特例包括例如异丙醇/正丁基;异丙醇/仲丁基;异丙醇/2-乙基-1-己醇;异丙醇/异辛醇;异丙醇/癸醇;异丙醇/十二烷醇;和异丙醇/十三烷醇。在一个优选的实施方案中,伯醇含6-约13个碳原子,对每个磷原子碳原子总量至少是9。
由醇混合物(例如iprOH和R2OH)与五硫化磷反应制得的二硫代磷酸组分实际上是用下列各式表示的三个或更多个二硫代磷酸的统计混合物。
在本发明中选择与P2S5反应结果生成混合物的两种或多种醇的量是重要的。在该混合物中起主要作用的二硫代磷酸是含一个异丙基或一个仲丁基和一个伯烷基的酸。三个二硫代磷酸在该统计混合物中的相对量部分地取决于该混合物中醇的相对量、空间效应等。
将二硫代磷酸与金属或金属氧化物反应可制得金属盐。简单混合和加热这二个反应物就足以使反应进行,对本发明目的得到的产物是相当纯净的。一般,盐的生成在稀释剂,例如醇,水或稀释油存在下
进行。一当量金属氧化物或氢氧化物与一当量酸反应可制得中性盐。将过量(多于一当量)的金属氧化物或氢氧化物与一当量二硫代磷酸反应可制得碱性金属盐。
用于本发明的二硫代磷酸金属盐(D)包括那些含第Ⅱ族金属、铝、铅、锡、钼、镁、钴和镍的盐类。锌和铜是特别有用的金属。先有技术,例如美国专利4263150;4289635;4308154;4322479;4417990和4666895列举了有用的二氢二价碳基二硫代磷酸金属盐和这些盐的制备方法,因此这些专利公开的内容可作为参考。
下面实施例说明了用含异丙醇和至少一种伯醇的醇混合物制备二硫代磷酸金属盐的方法。
实施例D-1
将细粉末状的五硫化磷与含11.53摩尔(692份
异丙醇和7.69摩尔(1000份,以重量计)异辛醇的醇混合物反应,制得二硫代磷酸。用这个方法制得的二硫代磷酸酸值约178-186,并含10.0%磷和21.0%硫。然后,将上述二硫代磷酸与油浆状的氧化锌反应。该油浆中的氧化锌量是二硫代磷酸酸值理论当量的1.10倍。用这个方法制得的锌盐油溶液含12%油,8.6%磷,18.5%硫和9.5%锌。
实施例D-2
(a)将1560份(12摩尔)异辛醇和180份(3摩尔)异丙醇的混合物与756份(3.4摩尔)五硫化磷反应制得二硫代磷酸。通过将醇混合物加热到约55℃,此后,在1.5小时内加入五硫化磷来进行该反应,同时将该反应温度保持在约60-75℃。
五硫化磷加完后,将该混合物加热,另外在70-75℃再搅拌一小时,然后用助滤剂过滤。
(b)将氧化锌(282份,6.87摩尔)加到有278份矿物油的反应器中。在30分钟内将(a)制得的二硫代磷酸(2305份,6.28摩尔)加到氧化锌浆液中,同时反应放热使温度达60℃。然后将该混合物加热到80℃,并维持在该温度3小时。在汽提到100℃和6mmHg后,用助滤剂将该混合物过滤两次。该滤液是要求的含10%油,7.97%锌(理论7.40%);7.21%磷(理论7.06%);和15.64%硫(理论14.57%)的锌盐油溶液。
实施例D-3
(a)将异丙醇(396份,6.6摩尔)和1287份(9.9摩尔)异丁醇加到反应器中,在汽提情况下加热至59℃。然后,在鼓入氮气的情况下,加入五硫化磷(833份,3.75摩尔)。在59-63℃之间的反应温度下于约2小时内,加完五硫化磷。然后在45-63℃,将该混合搅拌约1.45小时,并过滤,滤液是要求的二硫代磷酸。
(b)反应器中装有312份(7.7当量)氧化锌和580份矿物油。在室温下搅拌时,于约1.26小时内,加入由(a)制得的二硫代磷酸2287份,(6.97当量),同时放热使达到54℃。将该混合物加热到78℃,并维持在78-85℃3小时。在19mmHg将该反应混合物真空汽提至100℃。用助滤剂过滤残余物,滤液是要求的含7.86%锌,7.76%磷和14.8%硫的锌盐油溶液(19.2%油)。
实施例D-4
除了异丙醇对异辛醇的摩尔比是1∶1外,重复实施例D-3的一般步骤。用这个方法得到的产物是要求的含8.96%锌,8.49%磷和18.05%硫的二硫代磷酸锌盐油溶液(10%油)。
实施例D-5
按照实施例D-3的一般方法,将含520份(4摩尔)异辛醇和360份(6摩尔)异丙醇的醇混合物与504份(2.27摩尔)五硫化磷反应可制得二硫代磷酸。将116.3份矿物油和141.5份(3.44摩尔)氧化锌配制成的油浆与950.8份(3.20摩尔)上面制得的二硫代磷酸反应制得锌盐。用这个方法制得的产物是要求的锌盐油溶液(10%矿物油),该油溶液含9.36%锌,8.81%磷和18.65%硫。
实施例D-6
(a)将520份(4摩尔)异辛醇和559.8份(9.33摩尔)异丙醇配制成混合物,并加热到60℃。在此时,在搅拌下分批加入672.5份(3.03摩尔)五硫化磷。然后,将该反应物保持在60-65℃约1小时并过滤,该滤液是要求的二硫代磷酸。
(b)将188.6份(4摩尔)氧化锌和144.2份矿物油制成油浆,分批加入1145份(a)制得的二硫代磷酸,同时将该混合物保持在约70℃。待所有的酸加完后,混合物在80℃加热3小时,然后将该反应混合物汽提除去水,到110℃。用助滤剂过滤该残余物,滤溶是要求的含9.94%锌,19.55%硫和9.33%磷的油状溶液产物(10%矿物油)。
实施例D-7
利用实施例D-3的一般方法,用260份(2摩尔)异辛醇,480份(8摩尔)异丙醇和504份(2.27摩尔)五硫化磷制备二硫代磷酸。在30分钟内,将二硫代磷酸(1094份,3.84摩尔)加到含181份(4.41摩尔)氧化锌和135份矿物油的油浆中。将该混合物加热到80℃,并保持在这个温度达3小时。待汽提到100℃和19mmHg后,用助滤剂将该混合物过滤两次,该滤液是要求的含10.06%锌,9.04%磷和19.2%硫的锌盐油溶液(10%矿物油)。
实施例D-8
(a)在氮气氛下,将259份(3.5摩尔)正丁醇和90份(1.5摩尔)异丙醇的混合物加热到40℃,随后,在1小时内,分批加入244.2份(1.1摩尔)五硫化磷,同时将该混合物的温度保持在约55-75℃之间。待五硫化磷加完,再将该混合物保持在这个温度达1.5小时,然后冷却到室温。用助滤剂过滤该反应混合物,滤液是要求的二硫代磷酸。
(b)将氧化锌(67.7份,1.65当量)和51份矿物油加到1升的烧瓶中。在1小时内,加入410.1份(1.5当量)(a)制得的二硫代磷酸中,在此同时温度逐渐升到约67℃。待酸加完,将该反应混合物加热到74℃,并保持在这个温度达2.75小时。将该混合物冷却到50℃,减压,同时将该温度提高到约82℃。过滤该残余物,滤液是要求的产物。该产物是含21.0%硫(理论值19.81%)10.71%锌(理论值10.05%)和10.17%磷(理论值9.59%)的清净黄色液体。
实施例D-9
(a)在氮气氛下将240份(4摩尔)异丙醇和444份(6摩尔)正丁醇配制成混合物,并加热到50℃。随后,在1.5小时内,加入504份(2.27摩尔)五硫化磷。该反应放热升温到约68℃,待所有的五硫化磷加完后,再将该混合物保持在这个温度1小时。用助滤剂过滤该混合物,滤液是要求的二硫代磷酸。
(b)将162份(4当量)氧化锌和113份矿物油配制成混合物,在1.25小时内,加入917份(3.3当量)由(a)制得的二硫代磷酸。该反应放热升温到70℃。待酸加完后,将该混合物在80℃加热3小时。在35mmHg,汽提到100℃。用助滤剂将该混合物过滤两次,滤液是要求的产物。该产物是含10.71%锌(理论值9.77%),10.4%磷和26.35%硫的清净黄色液体。
实施例D-10
(a)在氮气氛下将420份(7摩尔)异丙醇和518份(7摩尔)正-丁醇配制成混合物,并将该混合物加热到60℃。在1小时内加入647份(2.91摩尔)五硫化磷,并将温度保持在65-77℃。再将该混合物搅拌1小时,同时冷却。用助滤剂过滤该混合物,该滤液是要求的二硫代磷酸。
(b)将113份(2.76当量)氧化锌和82份矿物油配制成混合物。在20分钟内,加入662份(a)制得的二硫代磷酸。该反应放热,该混合物的温度达到70℃。然后将该混合物加热到90℃,并保持在这个温度达3小时。将该反应混合物汽提到105℃和20mmHg。用助滤剂过滤残余物,该滤液是要求的含10.17%磷,21.0%硫和10.98%锌的产物。
实施例D-11
将69份(0.97当量)氧化亚铜和38份矿物油配制成混合物,在约2小时内,加入239份(0.88当量)由实施例D-10(a)制得的二硫代磷酸。在加入期间,该反应轻微放热。此后,将该混合物再搅拌3小时,同时将温度保持在约70℃。将该混合物汽提到105℃/10mmHg,并过滤。滤液是含17.3%铜的深绿色液体。
实施例D-12
将29.3份(1.1当量)氧化亚铁和33份矿物油配制成混合物。在2小时内,加入273份(1.0当量)由实施例D-10(a)制得的二硫代磷酸。在加入期间,反应放热。此后,将该混合物再搅拌3.5小时,同时将该混合物保持在70℃。将该产物汽提到105℃/10mmHg。用助滤剂过滤。滤液是含4.9%铁和10.0%磷的深绿色液体。
实施例D-13
将239份(0.41摩尔)实施例D-10(a)的产物,11份(0.15摩尔)氢氧化钙和10份水的混合物加热到约80℃,并保持在这个温度达6小时。将该产物汽提到105℃/10mmHg。用助滤剂过滤,滤液是含2.19%钙的糖蜜色液体。
实施例D-14
除了用1当量氧化亚铜代替ZnO外,重复实施例D-1的步骤。
本发明的润滑油组合物除了含二硫代磷酸金属盐(从含异丙醇(和/或仲丁醇)和一个或多个上述伯醇的混合物中衍生出来)外,也可含其他二硫代磷酸金属盐。这些另外的二硫代磷酸是用(a)单
个醇(可以是伯或仲醇)或(b)伯醇的混合物或(c)异丙醇和仲醇的混合物或(d)伯醇和仲醇而不是异丙醇的混合物,或(e)仲醇混合物制得的。
在本发明润滑油组合物中可与组分(D)共同使用的其他二硫代磷酸金属盐一般可用下式表示:
其中R1和R2是含约3-10个碳原子的烃基。M是第Ⅰ族金属、第Ⅱ族金属、铝、锡、铁、钴、铅、钼、镁、镍或铜。n是等于M化合价的整数。式Ⅸ的二硫代硫酸盐中的烃基R1和R2可以是烷基、环烷基、芳烷基,烷芳基或基本上相似结构的实质烃类。“实质烃类”是指烃类含取代基,例如醚、酯、硝基或卤素,而实际上不影响其特性的烃基。
在一个实施方案中,烃基(R1和R2)中的一个通过仲碳原子连到氧原子上,在另一个实施方案中,两个烃基(R1和R2)通过仲碳原子连到氧原子上。
用作说明的烷基类包括异丙基、异丁基、正丁基、仲丁基、各种戊基、正己基、甲基、异丁基、庚基、2-乙基己基、二异丁基、异辛基、壬基、山萮基、癸基、十二烷基、十三烷基等。用作说明的低级烷基苯基类包括丁基苯基、戊基苯基、庚基苯基等。环烷基类也是有用的,这些环烷基主要包括环己基,和低级烷基取代的环己基。
式Ⅸ的二硫代磷酸金属盐的金属M包括第Ⅰ族金属、第Ⅱ族金
属、铝、铅、锡、钼、镁、钴和镍。在某些实施方案中,锌和铜是特别有用的金属。
用上述制备组份(D)金属盐同样的方法能制得式Ⅸ的金属盐。当然,如上所述,当用醇混合物时,得到的酸实际上是酸的统计混合物。
另一类预期用于本发明润滑油组合物的二硫代磷酸盐添加剂包括环氧化物与前文描述的组分(D)或化学式Ⅸ的二硫代磷酸金属盐的加合物。用于制备该加合物的二硫代磷酸金属盐通常是二硫代磷酸锌,环氧化物可以是烯化氧或芳基烯化氧。芳基烯化氧的例子包括氧化苯乙烯、p-乙基氧化苯乙烯、α-甲基氧化苯乙烯、3-β-萘基-1,1,3-环氧丁烷、m-十二烷基氧化苯乙烯和p-氯代氧化苯乙烯。烯化氧主要包括低级烯化氧,其中烯化基含有8个或更少的碳原子。这些低级烯化氧的实例为环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、1,2-环氧丁烷、氧杂环丁烷、四氢呋喃和表氯醇。制备这些加合物的方法在现有技术中是已知的,例如,在美国专利3,390,082中公开的方法,该专利由于公开了制备二硫代磷酸的金属盐的环氧化物加合物的一般方法而列本文的参考文献。
另一类预期用于本发明润滑油组合物中的二硫代磷酸盐添加剂包括(a)至少一种上文定义和举例的二硫代磷酸和(b)至少一种脂族或脂环族羧酸的混合金属盐。羧酸可以是一元羧酸或多元羧酸,通常含有1至约3个羧基,优选仅含1个羧基的羧酸,羧酸可含有约2至约40,优选的为约2至约20个碳原子,更有利的是含有约5至约20个碳原子。优选的是具有化学式为R3COOH的羧酸,其中R3是脂族或脂环族烃基,最好不含炔不饱和基。适宜的酸包括丁酸、
戊酸、己酸、辛酸、壬酸、癸酸、十二酸、十八酸和二十酸,以及烯族酸,例如油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸和亚油酸二聚物。通常R3是饱和脂族基团,尤其是带支链的烷基基团,例如异丙基或3-庚基。多元羧酸的例子包括琥珀酸、烷基和烯基琥珀酸、己二酸、癸二酸和柠檬酸。
混合金属盐可以仅仅通过将二硫代磷酸的金属盐与羧酸的金属盐以一定的比率混合来制备。二硫代磷酸与羧酸盐的当量比在约0.5∶1至约400∶1之间,优选的比率在约0.5∶1至约200∶1之间。更有利的比率可以为约0.5∶1至约100∶1,较佳的为约0.5∶1至约50∶1,更佳的为约0.5∶1至20∶1。此外,比率可以为约0.5∶1至约4.5∶1,最好为约2.5∶1至约4.25∶1。在这里,二硫代磷酸的当量为其分子量除以其中所含的-PSSH基团数,羧酸的当量为其分子量除以其中所含的羧基的数目。
第二种且优选的用于制备本发明所用的混合金属盐的方法是以一定比率制备酸的混合物,随后将酸混合物与适宜的金属碱反应。当使用这种制备方法时,通常可能制备一种相对于所存在的酸当量数而言含有过量金属的盐,因此,制备的混合金属盐可能含有每当量酸多达2当量,尤其是达约1.5当量的金属。这里所用的金属的当量是其原子量除以其化合价。
前文所述方法的各种变化也能用于制备用于本发明的混合金属盐,例如,将二者中的任何一种酸的金属盐与另一种酸混合,将得到的混合物与附加的金属碱反应。
用于制备混合金属盐的适宜金属碱包括前文所说明的游离金属,
及其氧化物,氢氧化物、醇盐和碱式盐。实例为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氧化镁、氢氧化钙、氧化锌、氧化铝、氧化镍等等。
制备混合金属盐的温度通常在约30℃到约150℃之间,最好到达约125℃。如果混合盐是通过酸的混合物与金属碱的中和反应来制备,则所用的温度最好在约50℃以上,尤其是约75℃以上。反应最好在有基本上为惰性的,通常为液态的有机稀释剂下进行,稀释剂包括,例如,石脑油、苯、二甲苯、矿物油等等。如果稀释剂是矿物油或其在物理性质和化学性质上类似于矿物油,则在用混合金属盐作为润滑油或官能流体的添加剂之前通常不需要去除稀释剂。
美国专利4,308,154和4,417,970描述了制备这些混合金属盐的方法,并公开了许多这些混合盐的实例。这些专利列为参考文献。
在一个具体实例中,本发明的润滑油组合物包括(A)大部分润滑粘度的油、按重量计约0.1至约10%的上述羧酸衍生物组分(B)、按重量计约0.01至2%的至少一种上述磺酸或羧酸(C)的碱性碱金属盐和按重量计0.01至约2%的上述二硫代磷酸(D)。在另一个具体实例中、本发明的油组合物可以含有按重量计至少约2.0%或甚至按重量计至少约2.5%的羧酸衍生物组分(B)。羧酸衍生物组分(B)提供了本发明润滑油组合物的所需的Ⅵ和分散性。
(E)羧酸酯衍生物组分:
本发明的润滑油组合物还可以,并且常常含有(E)至少一种羧酸酯衍生物组分,其中(E-1)至少一种取代的琥珀酸酰化剂与(E-2)至少一种如下化学式
的醇或酚反应而制备,在化学式(Ⅹ)中,R3是通过碳键连接-OH基团的一价或多价有机基团,m是1至约10的整数。油组合物中包含的羧酸酯衍生物(E)提供了附加的分散性,在某些应用中,油中的羧酸衍生物(B)与羧酸酯(E)的比率影响油组合物的性质,例如,抗磨性。
在一个具体实例中,在有本发明特殊二硫代磷酸金属盐(D)存在下,使用羧酸衍生物(B)与较少量的羧酸酯(E)(例如2∶1至4∶1的重量比)组合得到的油具有特别理想的性质(例如,抗磨性和形成最小量的漆膜和残渣),这种油组合物尤其适用于柴油发动机。
与醇或酚反应生成羧酸酯衍生物的取代的琥珀酸酰化剂(E-1)除一个例外外,与上述用于制备羧酸衍生物(B)的酰化剂(B-1)相同。衍生取代基的聚烯烃的特征为具有至少约700的数均子量。
优选的分子量(
Mn)为约700至约5000,在一个优选具体实例中,酰化剂的取代基来自聚烯烃,聚烯烃的特征为Mn值为约1300至5000,
Mw/
Mn值为约1.5至4.5。本具体实例的酰化剂与上文描述的关于制备用于上述组分(B)的羧酸衍生物组分的酰化剂相同。因此,在制备上述组分(B)中描述的任何酰化剂均能用于制备用作组分(E)的羧酸酯衍生物组分。当所用的制备羧酸酯(E)的酰化剂与用于制备组分(B)的酰化剂相同时,羧酸酯组分(E)也可以称为具有Ⅵ性质的分散剂。此外,组分(B)与用于本发明的油的组分(E)的优选种类的组合提供了具有杰出抗磨特性的本发明的油,然而,其它取代的琥珀酰化剂也可以用于制备用
作本发明组分(E)的羧酸酯衍生物组分,例如,使用取代基来自数均分子量为约800至约1200的聚烯烃的取代的琥珀酸酰化剂。
羧酸酯衍生物组分(E)是上述琥珀酸酰化剂与羟基化合物的酯,羟基化合物可以是脂族化合物,例如一元醇或多元醇,或者是芳烃化合物,例如,苯酚和萘酚。可以衍生出酯的芳香羟基化合物由如下具体例子说明:苯酚、β-萘酚、α-萘酚、甲酚、间苯二酚、邻苯二酚、P、P′-二羟基联苯、2-氯苯酚、2,4-二丁基苯酚等等。
可以衍生出酯的醇(D-2)最好含有高达40脂族碳原子,它们可以是一元醇、例如,甲醇、乙醇、异辛醇、十二烷醇、环己醇等等。多元醇最好含有2至约10个羟基,它们是,例如,1,2-亚乙基二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、四甘醇、二亚丙基二醇、三亚丙基二醇、二亚丁基二醇、三亚丁基二醇和亚烷基含有2至约8个碳原子的其它亚烷基二醇。
特别优选的多元醇是具有至少3个羟基的醇,其中部分羟基被约8至约30个碳原子的一元羧酸,例如,辛酸、油酸、硬脂酸、亚油酸、十二酸、或妥尔油酸酯化。这些部分酯化的多元醇的实例是山梨醇的单油酸酯、山梨醇的二硬脂酸酯、丙三醇的单油酸酯、丙三醇的单硬脂酸酯、赤藓醇的二-十二烷酸酯。
酯(E)可以通过几种已知方法中的一种来制备,由于简便和产生杰出性能的酯而优选的方法包括适当的醇或酚与基本上烃取代的琥珀酸酐反应。酯化反应通常在约100℃以上的温度下进行,优选温度为150℃至300℃之间。作为付产物生成的水通过酯化过程中的蒸馏来去除。
所使用的琥珀酸反应剂和羟基反应剂的相对比例主要取决于所需
产物的类型和羟基反应剂分子中存在的羟基数目。例如,生成琥珀酸半酯,即两个酸基团中仅一个被酯化,其包括每摩尔取代的琥珀酸反应剂使用1摩尔单羟基醇,而生产琥珀酸二酯包含每摩尔酸使用2摩尔的醇。另一方面,1摩尔六羟基醇可以与多达六摩尔琥珀酸结合形成酯,其中酯的六个羟基中的每个羟基被琥珀酸的两个酸基团中的一个酸基酯化。因此,所使用的琥珀酸与多羟基醇的最大比例由羟基反应剂分子中存在的羟基数目确定。在一个具体实例中,优选由等摩尔量的琥珀酸反应剂和羟基反应剂反应得到的酯。
制备羧酸酯(E)的方法在现有技术中是已知的,在这里无需作进一步说明,例如,象阅美国专利3,522,179,该专利由于公开了用作组分(E)的羧酸酯的制备方法而列为参考文献。由酰化剂制备羧酸酯衍生物组分的方法在美国专利4,234,435中描述,该专利在上文中已列为参考文献,其中,酰化剂的取代基来自
Mn至少为约1300至5000,
Mw/
Mn比率为1.5至约4的聚烯烃。如上所述,在′435专利中描述的酰化剂的另一特性为对于每当量取代基结构中平均含有至少1.3当量琥珀酸基。
如下实施例说明酯(E)和制备这些酯的过程。
实施例E-1
基本上烃取代的琥珀酸酐制备如下,氯化分子量为1000的聚异丁烯至氯含量为4.5%,然后将氯化的聚异丁烯与1.2摩尔比的马来酐在150~220℃加热,由此得到的琥珀酸酐的酸值为130。将874克(1摩尔)琥珀酸酐和104克(1摩尔)新戊二醇混合物在240~250℃/30mm维持12小时,残余物是二醇的一个或两个羟基酯化得到的酯的混合物,它的皂化值为101,
醇羟基含量为0.2%。
实施例E-2
基本上羟取代的实施例E-1的琥珀酸酐的二甲酯制备如下:将2185克酐,480克甲醇和1000毫升甲苯的混合物在50-65℃下加热,氯化氢通过反应混合物鼓泡3小时,然后混合物在60~65℃下加热2小时,溶于苯中,并用水洗涤、干燥并过滤,滤液在150℃/60mm加热以除去挥发组分,残余物即为所需的二甲酯。
前文描述的由酰化剂与含羟基化合物(如醇或酚)反应得到的羧酸酯衍生物可以以前文描述的在制备组分(B)中酯化剂(B-1)与胺(B-2)反应的方法进一步与(E-3)一种胺,尤其是多胺反应。在一个具体实例中,与酯反应的胺的量是,例如,对于每当量最初用于与醇的反应的酰化剂至少约0.01当量的胺。在酰化剂与醇反应时,对于每当量酰化剂至少有1当量的醇,少量的胺足以与可能存在的少量未酯化羧基反应。在一个较佳的具体实例中,用作组分(E)的胺改进的羧酸酯通过每当量酰化剂与约1.0至2.0当量,优选的为约1.0至1.8当量的羟基化合物及高达约0.3当量,优选的为约0.02至约0.25当量的多胺反应而制备。
在另一个具体实例中,羧酸酰化剂可以同时与醇和胺反应,虽然对于每当量酰化剂要求醇和胺组合的总当量数至少为0.5,但通常需要至少0.01当量的醇和至少0.01当量的胺。用作组分(E)的这些羧酸酯衍生物组分在现有技术中是已知的,这些衍生物的许多制备方法在,例如,美国专利3,957,854和4,234,435中公开,上述专利在前文中已列为对比文献。如下特定实施例举例说明醇和胺与酰化剂反应制备酯的方法。
实施例E-3
将334份(0.52当量)实施例E-2制备的聚异丁烯取代的琥珀酸酐、548份矿物油,30份(0.88当量)的季戊四醇和8.6份(0.0057当量)来自DOW化学公司的聚乙二醇112-2反乳化剂的混合物在150℃下加热2.5小时,反应混合物在210℃下加热5小时,并在210℃保持3.2小时,将反应混合物冷却至190℃,加入8.5份(0.2当量)每分子含有平均约3至约10个氮原子的乙烯多胺商业混合物,反应混合物在205℃下加热,用氮气鼓泡汽提3小时,然后过滤,得到的滤液作为所需产物的油溶液。
实施例E-4
将322份(0.5当量)实施例E-2制备的聚异丁烯取代的琥珀酸酰化剂、68份(2.0当量)的季戊四醇和508份矿物油的混合物在204~227℃加热5小时,将反应混合物冷却至162℃,加入5.3份(0.13当量)每分子含平均约3至10个氮原子的商业乙烯多胺混合物,反应混合物在162~163℃加热1小时,然后冷却到130℃并过滤,滤液是所需产物的油溶液。
实施例E-5
将1000份数均分子量约1000的聚异丁烯和108份(1.1摩尔)马来酐的混合物加热至约190℃,在温度保持在约185~190℃条件下,在约4小时的时间内在溶液表面下加入100份(1.43摩尔)的氯气。然后在此温度下,混合物用氮气鼓泡数小时,残余物是所需的聚异丁烯取代的琥珀酸酰化剂。
将1000份上述制备的酰化剂在857份矿物油中的溶液在搅
拌下加热至约150℃,在搅拌下加入109份(3.2当量)季戊四醇、混合物用氮气鼓泡,并加热至约200℃,经约14小时时间后形成所需羧酸酯中间物的油溶液。在中间物中,加入19.25份(0.46当量)每分子含有平均约3至约10个氮原子的乙烯多胺的商业混合物。反应混合物加热至205℃用氮气鼓泡汽提3小时并过滤,滤液是含有0.35%氮的所需胺改进的羧酸酯的油溶液(45%油)。
实施例E-6
将1000份(0.495摩尔)数均分子量为2020,重量平均分子量为6049的聚异丁烯和115份(1.17摩尔)马来酐的混合物在186℃加热6小时,其间在混合物表面以下加入85份(1.2摩尔)氯气。在186~190℃下在4小时内加入附加的59份(0.83摩尔)氯气,混合物在186~190℃用氮气鼓泡26小时。残余物是总酸值为95.3的聚异丁烯取代的琥珀酸酐。
将409份(0.66当量)取代的琥珀酸酐在191份矿物油中的溶液加热至150℃,在145~150℃下,在搅拌条件下于10分钟时间内加入42.5份(1.19当量季戊四醇,混合物用氮气鼓泡,并加热至205~210℃,经约14个小时,产生所需聚酯中间物的油溶液。
在988份聚酯中间物(含有0.69当量取代的琥珀酸酐酰化剂和1.24当量季戊四醇)中,在160℃及搅拌条件下,在1个半小时时间内,加入4.74份(0.138当量)二亚乙基三胺,在160℃继续搅拌1小时,随后加入289份矿物油。混合物在
135℃加热16小时,并在相同温度下用过滤辅助材料过滤。滤液为所需的胺改进的聚酯在矿物油中的35%溶液,其氮含量为0.16%,残余酸值为2.0
实施例E-7
(a)将1000份数均分子量为约1000的聚异丁烯和108份(1.1摩尔)马来酐的混合物加热至约190℃,在保持约185~190℃温度条件下,在约4小时的时间内在混合物表面下加入100份(1.43摩尔)氯气。然后,在该温度下混合物用氮气鼓泡数小时,残余物是所需的聚异丁烯取代的琥珀酸酰化剂。
(b)将1000份(a)制备的酰化剂在857份矿物油中的溶液在搅拌下加热至约150℃,在搅拌下加入109份(3.2当量)的季戊四醇。混合物用氮气鼓泡并加热,至约200℃,经14个小时的时间,形成所需羧酸酯中间物的油溶液。在中间物中,加入每分子含有平均约3至约10个氮原子的乙烯多胺商业混合物19.25份(0.46当量)。反应混合物加热至205℃,用氮气鼓泡汽提3小时,然后过滤。滤液是含氮0.35%的所需胺改进的羧酸酯油溶液(45%油)。
实施例E-8
(a)将1000份(0.495摩尔)数均分子量为2020,重量平均分子量为6049的聚异丁烯和115份(1.17摩尔)马来酐的混合物在184℃下加热6小时,其间在混合物表面下加入85份(1.2摩尔)氯气。在184~189℃,4小时内加入附加的59份(0.83摩尔)氯气,混合物在186~190℃用氮气鼓泡26小时。残余物是总酸值为95.3的聚异丁烯取代的琥珀
酸酐。
(b)将溶于191份矿物油中的409份(0.66当量)取代的琥珀酸酐溶液加热至150℃,在145~150℃和搅拌下,在10分钟时间内加入42.5份(1.19当量)季戊四醇。混合物用氮气鼓泡,并加热至205~210℃,经14小时,得到所需聚酯中间物的油溶液。
在160℃和搅拌条件下,在半小时时间内,在988份聚酯中间物(包含0.69当量取代的琥珀酸酰化剂和1.24当量季戊四醇)中加入4.74份(0.138当量)二亚乙基三胺。在160℃下搅拌1小时后,加入289份矿物油。混合物在135℃下加热16小时,并在同一温度下用助滤材料过滤。滤液是所需胺改进的聚酯的矿物油的35%溶液,其氮含量为0.16%,残余物酸值为2。(F)中性和碱性碱土金属盐。
本发明的润滑油组合物还可以含有至少一种酸性有机化合物的至少一种中性或碱性的碱土金属盐,这种盐通常称之为含灰清净剂。酸性有机化合物可以是至少一种硫酸、羧酸、磷酸,或酚,或其混合物。
钙、镁、钡、锶是优选的碱土金属,也可以使用含有两种或多种这些碱土金属离子的混合物的盐。
用作组分(F)的盐可以是中性的或碱性的。中性盐所含的碱土金属的数量恰好足以中和盐的阳离子中存在的酸性基团,碱性盐含有过量的碱土金属阳离子。通常优选碱性或高碱性盐,碱性或高碱性盐的金属比率高达约40,尤其为约2至约30或40。
制备碱性(或高碱性)盐的常用方法包括在约50℃以上的温度下加热酸和化学当量过量的金属中和剂,例如,金属氧化物、氢氧化
物、碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐、硫化物等等的矿物油溶液。此外,在中和过程中可以使用各种促进剂以有助于加入较大过量的金属。这些促进剂包括化合物,如,酚类物质,例如苯酚和萘酚;醇类,例如甲醇、2-丙醇、辛醇和溶纤剂卡必醇;胺类,例如苯胺、苯二胺和十二胺等等。制备碱性盐的特别有效方法包括在酚类促进剂和少量水存在下混合酸和过量碱性碱土金属,然后,在高温,例如60℃至约200℃将混合物碳酸化。
如上所述,得到组分(F)的盐的酸性有机化合物可以是至少一种硫酸、羧酸、磷酸、或酚或其混合物。某些酸性有机化合物(磺酸和羧酸)在前文制备碱金属盐(组分(C))过程中已经公开,前文所述的所有酸性有机化合物都能通过现有技术的已知步骤用于制备用作组分(F)的碱土金属盐。除磺酸外,硫酸包括硫代磺酸、亚磺酸、次磺酸、部分酯化的硫酸、亚硫酸和硫代硫酸。
用于制备组分(F)的五价磷酸可以是有机磷酸、膦酸或次膦酸、或它们的任意硫代类似物。
组分(F)也可以由酚类,即含有直接连接芳环的羟基的化合物制备。本文所用的术语“酚”包括含有多于一个与芳环连接的羟基化合物,例如邻苯二酚、间苯二酚和对苯二酚。其还包括烷基苯酚,例如甲酚和乙基苯酚,以及链烯基苯酚。优选含有至少一个含约3~100,尤其是约6~50碳原子的烷基取代基的苯酚,例如,庚基苯酚、辛基苯酚、十二烷基苯酚、烷基化四丙烯苯酚、十八烷基苯酚和聚丁烯苯酚。也可以使用含有多于一个烷基取代基的苯酚,但优选单烷基苯酚,因为它们容易得到及易于制备。
也可以使用上述苯酚与至少一个低级醛或酮的缩合产物,术语
“低级”包括含有不多于7个碳原子的醛和酮,适宜的醛包括甲醛、乙醛、丙醛等等。
酸性有机化合物的当量是其分子量除以每个分子中存在的酸性基团(即,磺酸或羧酸基团)的数目。
在一个具体实例中,优选有机酸化合物的高碱性碱土金属盐,所用的盐的金属比率至少为2和2以上,通常为约2至约40,较佳的为高达约20。
本发明润滑剂所包含的组分(F)的量可以在很宽的范围内变化,对于本领域熟练人员来说很容易确定在任何特殊的润滑油组合物中的用量。组分(F)起辅助或补充清净剂的作用。本发明润滑油中所含的组分(F)的量可以在约0%或约0.01%至约5%或以上之间变化。
如下实施例举例说明用作组分(F)的中性和碱性碱土金属盐的制备方法。
实施例F-1
将906份烷基苯磺酸(平均分子量为450,蒸汽相渗透压测定法)的油溶液、564份矿物油、600份甲苯、98.7份氧化镁和120份水的混合物在温度为78~85℃条件下,用二氧化碳以每小时约3立方英尺二氧化碳的速率鼓泡7小时。反应混合物在整个碳酸盐化过程中持续搅拌,在碳酸盐化过程后,反应混合物在165℃/20torr条件下汽提,将残余物过滤。滤液是金属比约为3的所需高碱性磺酸镁的油溶液(34%油)。
实施例F-2
聚异丁烯琥珀酸酐由氯化聚异丁烯(平均氯含量为4.3%,平
均碳原子数为82)与马来酐在约200℃下反应制备,产生的聚异丁烯琥珀酸酐的皂化值为90。在1246份该琥珀酸酐和1000份甲苯的混合物中,在25℃温度下加入76.6份氧化钡。混合物加热至115℃,在1小时时间内逐滴加入125份水。然后,将混合物在150℃回流,直到全部氧化钡都已反应。经汽提和过滤过程,得到含有所需产物的滤液。
实施例F-3
制备323份矿物油、4.8份水、0.74份氯化钙、79份石灰和128份甲醇的混合物,并升温至约50℃。在搅拌条件下,在混合物中加入1000份平均分子量(汽相渗透压测定法)为500的烷基苯磺酸,然后,在约50℃的温度下,混合物用二氧化碳以每小时约5.4磅的速率鼓泡约2.5小时。碳酸盐化后,加入102份附加的油,混合物在150~155℃温度和55mm。压力下,汽提去除挥发性物质。残余物经过滤后,滤液为所需的高碱性磺酸钙的油溶液,其钙含量为约3.7%,金属比率为约1.7。
实施例F-4
将490份(按重量计)矿物油、110份水、61份庚基苯酚、340份石油磺酸钡和227份氧化钡的混合物在100℃加热0.5小时,然后加热至150℃。然后,混合物用二氧化碳鼓泡,直到混合物基本上中性。混合物经过滤后,滤液的硫酸灰含量为25%。
本发明的润滑油组合物还可以含有至少一种摩擦改良剂使润滑油具有适当的摩擦性质。各种胺,尤其是叔胺是有效的摩擦改良剂,叔胺摩擦改良剂的实例包括N-脂肪烷基-N,N-二乙醇胺、N-脂肪烷基-N,N-二乙氧基乙醇胺等等。该叔胺可以由脂肪烷基胺与
适量摩尔数的环氧乙烷反应制备。由天然物质,例如,椰子油和油胺得到的叔胺由Armour化学公司以注册商标“Ethomeen”提供,特殊实例是Ethomeen-C和Ethomeen-O系列。
用于本发明润滑油组合物中的摩擦改良剂也可以是含硫化合物,例如,硫化C12-24脂肪、含有1至8个碳原子烷基的烷基硫化物和多硫化物,以及硫化聚烯烃。
(G)多羟基醇的部分脂肪酸酯:
在一个具体实例中,本发明润滑油组合物所包含的优选摩擦改良剂是至少一种多羟基醇的部分脂肪酸酯,通常认为按重量计约0.01至约1%或2%的部分脂肪酸酯可以提供所需的摩擦改良性。羟基脂肪酸酯选自二羟基或多羟基醇的羟基脂肪酸酯或其油溶的氧化烯化衍生物。
用于说明书和权利要求书中的术语“脂肪酸”指的是可以由天然存在的植物或动物脂肪或油水解得到的酸。这些酸通常含有约8至约22个碳原子,其包括,例如,辛酸、己酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸等等。通常优选含10至22个碳原子的酸,在某些具体实例中,尤其优选含有16至18碳原子的酸。
可用于制备部分脂肪酸的多羟基醇含有2至约8或10个羟基,较常用的为2至约4个羟基。适宜多羟基醇的实例包括乙二醇、丙二醇、新戊二醇、丙三醇、季戊四醇等等,优选乙二醇和丙三醇。含有低级烷氧基,例如,甲氧基和/或乙氧基的多羟基醇可以用于制备部分脂肪酸酯。
适宜的多羟基醇的部分脂肪酸酯包括,例如,乙二醇单酯、丙三醇单一和二酯、以及季戊四醇二和/或三酯。优选丙三醇的部分脂肪
酸酯,常常使用丙三醇酯,单酯或单酯和二酯的混合物。多羟基醇的部分脂肪酸酯可以由现有技术的已知方法制备,例如,酸与多元醇直接酯化,脂肪酸与环氧化物反应等等。
通常优选含有烯不饱和现象的部分脂肪酸酯,烯不饱和现象通常在酯的酸部分发现。除含有烯不饱和现象的天然脂肪酸外,例如,油酸、辛烯酸、十四碳烯酸、等等也能用于形成酯。
在本发明润滑油组合物中用作摩擦改良剂(组分(G))的部分脂肪酸酯可以以含有许多其它组分,例如,未反应脂肪酸、全酯化多羟基醇和其它物质的混合物组分存在。市场上可以买到的部分脂肪酸酯常常是含有一个或多个这些组分的混合物,以及丙三醇的单和二酯(和某些三酯)的混合物。
由脂肪和油制备脂肪酸的单甘油酯的一种方法在Birnbaum(美国专利2,875,221)中描述。该专利描述的过程是将丙三醇与脂肪反应得到含有高比例单甘油酯产物的连续过程。市场上可买到的丙三醇酯是酯的混合物,其含有按重量计至少约30%的单酯,通常为按重量计约35%至65%的单酯,按重量计约30%至50%的二酯,其余的总计为通常少于约15%的是三酯,游离脂肪酸和其它组分的混合物。市场上可买到的含有丙三醇脂肪酸酯的具体实例包括Emery 2421(Emery Industries,Inc.),Cap City GMO(Capital),DVR-EM 114,DVR-EM GMO等(Durket Industrial Foods,InC.)和以商标MA20L GMO(Maztr Chemicals,Inc.)标记的各种材料。多羟基醇部分脂肪酸酯的其它实例可在K·S·Markley,Ed.“Fatty Acid”,Second Edition,parts Ⅰ和
V,Interscience publishers(1968)中找出,许多市场上可买到的多羟基醇部分羧酸酯以商标名称和制造商名字列于Mc Cutcheons′ Emutsifiers and Detergents,North American and International Combined Editions(1981)中。
如下实施例举例说明丙三醇部分羧酸酯的制备方法。
实施例G-1
通过以下过程制备丙三醇油酸酯混合物。将882份含约80%油酸,约10%亚油酸和平衡量的饱和甘油三酯的高油含量的向日葵油和499份丙三醇在将氢氧化钾溶解于丙三醇中制备的催化剂存在下反应,在氮气鼓泡条件之下,将混合物加热至155℃,然后在氮气存在下在155℃加热13小时。随将混合物冷却至低于100℃,加入9.05份85%的磷酸以中和催化剂,中和的反应混合物放入2升分液漏斗中,除去并放出下层液体。上层液体即为产物,经分析,其含有按重量计56.9%的单油酸甘油酯,33.3%的二油酸甘油酯(主要为1.2)和9.8%的三油酸甘油酯。
在本发明的润滑油组合物中还打算用其它添加剂,其它添加剂包括那些常用种类的添加剂,例如,抗氧化剂、极压添加剂、腐蚀抑制剂、降凝剂、色稳定剂、抗泡剂,和其它在现有配制润滑油技术中为技术人员熟知的添加剂材料。
(H)苯酚硫化物的中性和碱性盐:
在一个具体实例中,本发明的油可以含有至少一种烷基苯酚硫化物的中性或碱性碱土金属盐,油可以含有约0.至约2或3%的上述苯酚硫化物,通常油可以含有按重量计约0.01至约2%的苯酚硫
化物的碱性盐。这里所用的术语“碱性”与用于上文其它组分定义中的术语相同,即是指当加入本发明的油组合物中时金属比率超过1的盐。苯酚硫化物的中性和碱性盐提供了本发明油组合物的抗氧化剂和清净剂性能,改善了油在Caterpillar试验中的性能。
制备硫化物盐的烷基苯酚通常包括含有至少约6个碳原子烃取代基的苯酚,取代基可以含有高达约7000个脂族碳原子,还包括如前文定义的基本上烃取代基。优选的烃取代基来自烯烃,例如乙烯、丙烯等的聚合物。
术语“烷基苯酚硫化物”包括二(烷基苯酚)单硫化物、二硫化物、多硫化物,和其它由烷基苯酚与一氯化硫、二氯化硫或元素硫反应得到的产物。苯酚与硫化合物的摩尔比率可以是约1∶0.5至约1∶1.5或更高。例如,苯酚硫化物通过如下方法极易得到,即,在约60℃以上的温度下,将1摩尔烷基苯酚与约0.5~1摩尔二氯化硫混合,反应混合物通常在约100℃保持约2~5小时,然后,将得到的硫化物干燥并过滤。如果使用元素硫,有时需要约200℃或更高的温度,还需要在氮气或类似惰性气体气氛中进行干燥操作。
适宜的碱性烷基苯酚硫化物在,例如,美国专利3.372,116、3,410,798和3,562,159中公开,上述专利列为本参考文献。
如下实施例举例说明这些碱性物质的制备方法。
实施例H-1
按如下过程制备苯酚硫化物,将二氯化硫与聚异丁烯取代基含平均23.8个碳原子的聚异丁烯苯酚在乙酸钠(一种用于避免产物脱色的酸接受体)存在下反应;将1755份这种苯酚硫化物,500
份矿物油、335份氢氧化钙和407份甲醇的混合物加热至约43~50℃,用二氧化碳通过混合物鼓泡约7.5小时;然后加热混合物以驱除挥发物,加入附加的422.5份油,得到60%的油溶液。该溶液含有5.6%的钙,1.59%的硫。
(Ⅰ)硫化烯烃:
本发明的油组合物还可以含有(Ⅰ)一种或几种用于改善润滑油组合物的抗磨、极压和抗氧化性能的含硫组份。可使用硫化各种含烯烃的有机物料制备的含硫化合物,烯烃可以是含有约3至30个碳原子的任何脂族、芳脂族或脂环族烯烃。
烯烃含有至少一个烯烃双键,其被定义为非芳双键,即连接两个脂族碳原子的双键。丙烯、异丁烯和它们的二聚物、三聚物和四聚物以及它们的混合物是特别优选的烯烃化合物。这些化合物中,异丁烯和二异丁烯是特别需要的,这是由于它们的可得到性和由其制得特别高的硫含量的组分。
美国专利4,119,549和4,505,830由于公开了用于本发明润滑油的适合的硫化烯烃而列为本文参考文献,在它们的加工实施例中描述了几种特殊的硫化组分。
在本发明润滑油组合物中也可用作组分(Ⅰ)的含硫组分的特征为存在至少一个环脂族基团,其含有由二价硫键连接在一起的至少两个同一环脂族基团的两个核碳原子或不同环脂族基团的两个核碳原子。这种类型的硫化合物在,例如,再公告专利Re 27,331中公开,该专利列为本文参考文献。硫键含有至少两个硫原子,作为这个组分的例子是硫化Diels-Aldtr加合物,
如下实施例举例说明一种该组分的制备方法。
实施例Ⅰ-1
(a)将400克甲苯和66.7克氯化铝的混合物加入带有搅拌器、氮气进气管和固体二氧化碳冷却的回流冷凝器的2升烧瓶中,在温度保持在37-58℃条件下,在0.25小时时间内,在AlCl3淤浆中加入含有640克(5摩尔)丙烯酸丁酯和240.8克甲苯的第二种混合物。然后,在通过外界冷却将反应物质温度保持在60-61℃条件下,在2.75小时内,在淤浆中加入313克(5.8摩尔)丁二烯。反应物用氮气鼓泡约0.33小时后,放入4升分液漏斗中,用150克在1100克水中的浓盐酸洗涤。随后产物再用水洗涤两次,每次用1000摩尔水。洗涤后的反应产物经蒸馏去除未反应的丙烯酸丁酯和甲苯。第一步蒸馏过程的残余物在9~10mmHg压力进一步蒸馏,随后收集温度为105~115℃的所需加合物785克。
(b)将上述制备的丁二烯-丙烯酸丁酯的加合物(4550克25摩尔)和1600克(50摩尔)硫华加入带有搅拌器、回流冷凝器和氮气进气管的12升烧瓶中。反应混合物在150~155℃温度下加热7小时,同时,以每小时约0.5立方英寸的速率通入氮气。加热后,将反应物冷却至室温,并过滤,滤液即为含硫产物。
还可以包含其它极压添加剂和腐蚀和氧化抑制剂,其实例包括氯化脂族烃,如氯化石蜡;有机硫化物和多硫化物,如二苄二硫、二(氯苄基)二硫、二丁基四硫、硫化油酸甲酯、硫化烷基苯酚、硫化二戊烯和硫化萜烯;磷硫化烃,如磷硫化物与松节油或甲基油酸酯的反应产物;磷酯,主要包括二烃基和三烃基亚磷酸酯,例如,二丁基亚磷酸酯,二庚基亚磷酸酯、二环己基亚磷酸酯、戊基苯基亚磷酸酯、
二戊基苯基亚磷酸酯、三癸基亚磷酸酯、二硬脂基亚磷酸酯、二甲基萘基亚磷酸酯、油基4-戊基苯基亚磷酸酯、聚丙烯(分子量500)取代的苯基亚磷酸酯、二异丁基取代的苯基亚磷酸酯;二硫代氨基甲酸金属盐,如,二辛基二硫代氨基甲酸锌和庚基苯基二硫代氨基甲酸钡。
降凝剂是本文所述的润滑油中常有的特别有用的添加剂,该降凝剂用于油基组合物中以改善油基组合物的低温性能是现有技术中已知的,参阅,例“Lubricant Additives”(C·V·Smalheer and R·Kennedy Smith Lezius-Hiles Co.publishers,cleveland,ohio,1967)的第8页。
可使用的降凝剂的实例为聚异丁烯酸酯;聚丙烯酸酯;聚丙烯酰胺;卤化石蜡和芳香化合物的缩合产物;羧酸乙烯酯聚合物;二烷基富马酸酯的三元共聚物,脂肪酸乙烯基酯和烷基乙烯基酯。用于本发明的降凝剂,其制备方法和用途在美国专利2,387,501、2,015,748、2,655,479、1,815,022、2,191,498、2,666,746、2,721,877、2,721,878和3,250,715中描述,上述专利因此而列为本文参考文献。
抗泡剂用于减少或避免形成稳定的泡沫,典型的抗泡剂包括硅酮或有机聚合物,其它的抗泡组分在“Foam Control Agents”Henrg T·Kerner(Noyes Data Corporation,1976),第125~162中描述。
本发明的润滑油组合物还可以含有一种或多种市场上可买到的粘度改良剂,尤其是在将润滑油组合物配制成多级通用润滑油的情况下。
粘度改良剂通常为聚合物,其特征为通常数均分子量为约25000至500000,更常用的为约50000至200000的烃基聚合物。
聚异丁烯用作润滑油中的粘度改良剂,聚甲基丙烯酸酯(PMA)由具有不同烷基的甲基丙烯酸酯单体的混合物制备。大多数PMA是粘度改良剂以及降凝剂,烷基可以是含有1至约18个碳原子的直链或支链基团。
当少量含氮单体与烷基异丁烯酸酯共聚时,产物还含有分散性能。于是,这样的产物具有粘度改良剂,降凝剂和分散剂的多重功能,这种产物在现有技术中称之为分散剂型粘度改良剂,或简单地称之为分散粘度改良剂。含氮单体的实例为乙烯基吡啶、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮和N、N′-二甲基氨基乙基异丁酸酸酯。由一个或多个烷基丙烯酸酯聚合或共聚得到的聚丙烯酸酯也可用作粘度改良剂。
乙烯-丙烯共聚物,通常称之为OCP,可以通过乙烯和丙烯通常在一种溶剂存在下,使用已知催化剂,如Ziegler-Natta引发剂进行共聚而制备。在聚合物中乙烯与丙烯的比率影响产物的油溶性、油稠化能力、低温粘度、降凝能力和发动机性能。乙烯含量的一般范围为按重量计45~60%,典型地为按重量计50%至约55%,某些商业下的OCP′S是乙烯、丙烯和少量非共轭二烯烃,例如1,4-己二烯的三元共聚物。在橡胶工业中,该三元共聚物称为EPDM(乙烯丙烯二烯烃单体),OCP′S用作润滑油的粘度改良剂自从1970年以来迅速增加,OCP′S是目前最广泛使用的车用机油粘度改良剂之一。
苯乙烯和马来酐在自由基引发剂存在下共聚,并随后用C4~18
醇酯化该共聚物得到的酯也可用作车用机油的粘度改良添加剂。苯乙烯酯通常认为是多功能高级粘度改良剂,苯乙烯酯除了其粘度改良性能外,还是降凝剂,并且如果在完全除去某些未反应酐或羧酸基之前而经过酯化过程,它还存在分散性能。随后这些酸基可以通过与伯胺反应转化为亚酰胺。
加氢的苯乙烯-共轭二烯烃共聚物是另一类市场上可得到的用于车用机油的粘度改良剂。苯乙烯的例子包括苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、邻-甲基苯乙烯、间-甲基苯乙烯、对-甲基苯乙烯、对-叔丁基苯乙烯等等。优选的共轭二烯烃含有4至6个碳原子,共轭二烯烃的实例包括戊间二烯、2,3-二甲基-1,3-丁二烯,氯丁二烯、异戊二烯和1,3-丁二烯,尤其优选异戊二烯和丁二烯,还可以使用这些共轭二烯烃的混合物。
这些共聚体的苯乙烯含量按重量计在约20%至约70%之间,优选的为按重量计约40%至约60%。这些共聚体的脂族共轭二烯烃含量按重量计在约30%至约80%之间,优选的为约40%至约60%。
通常这些共聚物的数均分子量在约30,000至约500,000之间,优选的为约50,000至约200,000,这些共聚物的重量平均分子量通常在约50000至约500000之间,优选的为约50000至约300000。
上述加氢共聚物在现有技术,例如,美国专利3,551,336、3,598,738、3,554,911、3,607,749、3,687,849和4,181,618中描述,上述专利由于描述了在本发明油组合物中用作粘度改良剂的聚合物和共聚物而列为本
文参考文献。例如,美国专利3,554,911描述了加氢无规丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物,其制备过程和加氢过程,该专利列为本文参考文献。在本发明润滑油组合物中用作粘度改良剂的加氢苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物是市场上可买到的,例如,在常用商业名称“Glissoviscal”下的BASF。具体实例为在名称Glissoviscal5260下获得的加氢苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物,经凝胶渗透色谱法测定其分子量约为120,000。用作粘度改良剂的加氢苯乙烯-异戊二烯共聚物是从,例如,Shell Chemical Company获得,常用商业名称为“Shellvis”。来自Shell Chemical Company的Shellvis 40被鉴定为苯乙烯和异戊二烯的二嵌段共聚物,其数均分子量为约155,000,苯乙烯含量为约19摩尔百分数,异戊二烯含量为约81摩尔百分数从Sell Chemical Company获得的Shellvis 50经鉴定为苯乙烯和异戊二烯二嵌段共聚物,其数均分子量为约100000,苯乙烯含量为约28摩尔百分数,异戊二烯含量为约72摩尔百分数。
加入本发明润滑油中的聚合物粘度改良剂的用量可以在很宽的范围内变化,虽然由于羧酸衍生物组分(B)(和某些羧酸酯衍生物(E))使用常用量较少的量除起分散剂作用外还起粘度改良剂作用。一般,在本发明润滑油组合物中所含的聚合物粘度改良剂的量基于制成的润滑油重量,按重量计可高达10%。通常,按制成的润滑油重量计所用的聚合物粘度改良剂的浓度约为0.2到约8%,尤其为约0.5至约6%。
本发明的润滑油可以通过将各种组分与其它可以使用的添加剂一起直接溶解或悬浮在基础油中而制备。通常,本发明的化学组分用基
本上惰性的,通常为液态的有机稀释剂,例如,矿物油、石脑油、苯、甲苯或二甲苯稀释形成添加剂浓缩物。这些浓缩物通常含有按重量计约0.01至约8%的一种或多种上述(A)至(O)的添加剂组分,此外,还可以含有一种或多种上述其它添加剂。化学浓度为例如15%20%、30%或50%或更高都可以使用。
例如,基于化学基浓缩物可以含有按重量计约10至约50%的羧酸衍生物组分(B),按重量计约0.1至约15%的碱性碱金属盐(C)和按重量计约0.01至约15%的二硫代磷酸金属盐(D)。浓缩物还可以含有按重量计约1至约30%的羧酸酯(E)和/或按重量计约1%至约20%的至少一种中性或碱性碱土金属盐(F),和/或按重量计约0.001至约10%的至少一种多羟基醇的部分脂肪酸酯(G)。
如下实施例举例说明本发明的浓缩物。
份数
按重量计
浓缩物Ⅰ
实施例B-1的产物 45
实施例C-2的产物 10
实施例D-2的产物 12
矿物油 33
浓缩物Ⅱ
实施例B-2的产物 60
实施例C-1的产物 10
实施例D-2的产物 10
实施例E-4的产物 5
矿物油 15
浓缩物Ⅲ
实施例B-1的产物 35
实施例C-2的产物 10
实施例D-1的产物 5
实施例E-5的产物 5
实施例F-1的产物 5
矿物油 40
根据本发明典型的润滑油组合物用如下润滑油实例说明。
润滑油
组分/实施例(体积%) Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
基础油 (a) (b) (a)
等级 15W-45 10W-3 30
Ⅵ型*(1) (1) -
实施例B-1的产物 4.47 - 4.75
实施例B-2的产物 - 4.6 -
实施例C-2的产物 0.10 0.15 0.10
实施例D-1的产物 1.54 1.54 1.45
实施例E-5的产物 1.41 1.50 1.60
实施例F-1的产物 0.44 0.45 0.50
碱性烷基化苯磺酸钙 0.97 0.97 0.80
(52%油,MR为12)
烷基苯酚与二氯化硫的 2.48 2.48 2.48
反应产物(42%油)
降凝剂 0.2 0.2 0.2
硅酮抗泡剂 100ppm 100ppm 100ppm
(a)精制的美国中部溶剂
(b)中东原料
(l)苯乙烯异戊二烯二嵌段共聚物,数均分子量为155,000。
*在每个润滑油中所包含的聚合物Ⅵ的量为制成的润滑油满足指定的多级通用润滑油粘度要求所需的量。
实施例Ⅳ 重量%
实施例B-2的产物 6.0
实施例C-2的产物 0.10
实施例D-1的产物 1.45
100中性石蜡油 剩余部分
实施例Ⅴ
实施例B-1的产物 4.6
实施例C-2的产物 0.15
实施例D-1的产物 1.45
实施例E-5的产物 1.5
100中性石蜡油 剩余部分
实施例Ⅵ
实施例B-1的产物 4.47
实施例C-2的产物 0.10
实施例D-2的产物 1.54
实施例E-5的产物 1.41
实施例G-1的产物 0.2
100中性石蜡油 剩余部分
本发明的润滑油组合物在使用条件下显示出降低变质的趋势,从而减少磨损和形成不需要的沉积物,例如,漆膜、残渣、含碳物质和胶质状物质,它们会粘附在发动机各个部件从而降低了发动机的效率。根据本发明配制的润滑油用于客车的曲轴箱时还可以改善燃料的经济效益。在一个具体实例中,本发明配制的润滑油可以通过作为SG油分类所需的所有试验。本发明润滑油也可以用于柴油发动机,根据本
发明制备的润滑油组合物可以满足新柴油分类CE的要求。
虽然本发明由它的优选实例来解释,但是对于本领域熟练的技术人员来说,根据阅读说明书,其各种变化当然是显然的。从而,本文描述的发明当然确定为覆盖了所附的权利要求范围内的各种变化。
Claims (46)
1、一种用于内燃机的润组合物,其包括:
(A)大量润滑粘度的油,和
(B)至少0.1-10%的一种羧酸衍生物组分,该羧酸衍生物组分是通过
(B-1)至少一种取代的琥珀酰化剂与
(B-2)每当量酰化剂用1当量至高达约2摩尔的至少一种胺化合物反应所制备,这种胺化合物的特征在于其结构内存在着至少一个NH<基,关且其中所说的取代的琥珀酰化剂是由取代基和琥珀基所组成,其中的取代基是一种聚烯烃所衍生,所说的聚烯烃的特征在于Mn值约为1300-1500,且Mw/Mn值约为1.5-4.5,所说的酰化剂其特征在它们的结构内每当量的取代基有平均至少为1.3当量的琥珀基,
(C)至少0.01-2%的一种碱性的碱金属磺酸盐或羧酸盐,和
(D)至少0.01-2%的一种二烃基二硫代磷的金属盐,其中
(D-1)二硫代磷酸是通过用五硫代二磷与一种醇混合物反应制备的,所说的醇混合物包括至少10-90摩尔百分数的异丙醇、仲丁醇、或异丙醇和仲丁醇的混合物,和至少一种含有约3-13碳原子的脂肪族伯醇;
(D-2)金属是第Ⅱ主族金属、铝、锡、铁、钴、铅、钼、锰、铢和铜。
2、权利要求1的润滑油组合物,其包含至少1%-10%(重)的羧酸衍生物组分(B)。
3、权利要求1的润滑油组合物,其中(B)中Mn的值至少为1500-5000。
4、权利要求1的润滑油组合物,其中(B)中
Mw/
Mn的值为2.0-4.5。
5、权利要求1的润滑油组合物,其中(B)中的取代基是由1个或多个聚烯烃衍生的,该聚烯烃选自含有2至约16个碳原子的末端烯烃的均聚物和共聚物组成的组,但须用下述条件限制,即所说共聚物可任意含有高达约25%的聚合物单元,该聚合物单元由高达约6个碳原子的内烯烃得到。
6、权利要求1的润滑油组合物,其中所说取代基由聚丁烯、乙烯-丙烯共聚物、聚丙烯和这些聚烯烃任意两个或更多的混合物衍生得到。
7、权利要求1的润滑油组合物,其中胺(B-2)是脂族的、环脂族的或芳香族聚胺。
9、权利要求1的润滑油组合物,其中盐(C)是有机磺酸盐。
10、权利要求9的润滑油组合物,其中所说磺酸是烷基苯磺酸。
11、权利要求1的润滑油组合物,其中在(D-1)中的脂肪伯醇含有从约6到约13个碳原子。
12、权利要求1的润滑油组合物,其中(D-2)的金属是锌、铜、或锌和铜的混合物。
13、权利要求1的润滑油组合物,其中(D-2)的金属是锌。
14、权利要求1的润滑油组合物,其中(D-1)中的醇的混合物含有至少20摩尔百分数的异丙醇。
15、权利要求1的润滑油组合物,其也包括
由(E-1)与(E-2)反应产生的(E)0.1-10%的一种羧酸酯衍生物组分,
(E-1)为至少一种含有取代基和琥珀基的取代的琥珀酰化剂,其中取代基的
Mn至少为约700,
(E-2)为至少一种如下通式的醇
其中R3是通过碳键连接-OH的一价的或多价的有机基团,和m是从1到约10的整数。
16、权利要求15的润滑油组合物,其中(E-1)中的取代基由聚丁烯、乙烯-丙烯共聚物、聚丙烯,和这些聚烯烃的任意2个或多个的混合物衍生得到。
17、权利要求15的润滑油组合物,其中醇(E-2)是新戊二醇、乙二醇、丙三醇、季戊四醇、山梨糖醇、聚亚氧烷基乙二醇的一元烷基或一元芳基醚、或它们的任意混合物。
18、权利要求15的润滑油组合物,其中通过酰化剂(E-1)与醇(E-2)反应制备的羧酸酯衍生物组分(E)进一步与(E-3)反应,
(E-3)为至少一种含有至少一个HN<基的胺。
19、权利要求15的润滑油组合物,其中取代的琥珀酸酰化剂(E-1)由取代基和琥珀基组成,其中取代基是由聚烯烃衍生,所说的聚烯烃特征为
Mn值约为1300~5000且
Mw/
Mn比值约为1.5~4.5,所说的酰化剂其特征为在其结构内每当量的取代基中有至少约为1.3当量的琥珀基。
20、权利要求19的润滑油组合物,其中由酰化剂与醇反应制备的羧酸酯进一步与(E-3)至少含一个HN<基的至少一种胺反应。
21、权利要求20的润滑油组合物,其中胺(E-3)是聚胺。
22、权利要求20的润滑油组合物,其中胺(E-3)是亚烷基聚胺。
23、权利要求1的润滑油组合物,其还包含
(F)0.01-5%的一种酸性有机化合物的至少一种中性或碱性碱土金属盐。
24、权利要求23的润滑油组合物,其中(F)中的酸性有机化合物是硫酸、羧酸、磷酸、酚、或它们的混合物。
25、权利要求23的润滑油组合物,其中(F)中的酸性化合物是至少一个有机磺酸。
26、权利要求25的润滑油组合物,其中磺酸是烷基苯磺酸。
27、一种用于内燃机的润滑油组合物,其包括
(A)大量润滑粘度的油,
(B)从约0.5~10%(重)的至少一种羧酸衍生物组分,该羧酸衍生物组分是通过
(B-1)至少一种取代的琥珀酰化剂与每当量酰化剂用1当量至高达约2摩尔的
(B-2)至少一种聚胺反应所制备,这种聚胺的特征在于其结构内存在着至少一个HN<基,并且其中所说的取代的琥珀酰化剂是由取代基和琥珀基所组成,其中的取代基是由一种聚烯烃所衍生,所说的聚烯烃的特征在于其
Mn值约为1300~5000,且
Mw/
Mn值约为2~4.5,所说的酰化剂其特征在于在它们的结构内每当量的取代基有平均至少为1.3当量的琥珀基,
(C)至少一种从约0.01~2%(重)的碱性的碱金属有机磺酸盐,
(D)至少一种从约0.05~5%(重)的二烃基二硫代磷酸的金属盐,其中
(D-1)二硫代磷酸是通过用五硫化二磷与一种醇混合物反应制备的,所说的醇混合物包括至少10摩尔百分数的异丙醇、仲丁醇,或异丙醇和仲丁醇的混合物,和至少一种含有约3-13碳原子的脂族伯醇;和
(D-2)金属是第Ⅱ主族金属、铝、锡、铁、钴、铅、钼、锰、镍或铜,
由(E-1)与(E-2)和(E-3)反应产生的0.1%到10%的(E)至少一种羧酸酯衍生物组分,
(E-1)为至少一种含有取代基和琥珀基的取代的琥珀酰化剂,其中取代基由聚烯烃衍生,所说的聚烯烃特征为其
Mn值为约1300到约5000和
Mw/
Mn比值约为1.5~4.5,所说的酰化剂其特征为在其结构内每当量的取代基中有至少约为1.3当量的琥珀基,
(E-2)为至少一种如下通式的醇
其中R3是通过碳键连接-OH的一价或多价的有机基团,m是从2到约10的整数,和
(E-3)为含有至少一个>NH基的至少一种聚胺化合物,和
(F)约0.01~5%(重)的至少一种选自硫酸、羧酸、磷酸、酚、和所说酸混合物的有机酸化合物的碱土金属盐。
28、权利要求27的润滑油组合物,其含1.0%-10%(重)的羧酸衍生物组分(B)。
30、权利要求27的润滑油组合物,其中(D-1)中的脂肪伯醇含有从约6到约13个碳原子。
31、权利要求27的润滑油组合物,其中(D-2)的金属是锌、铜,或锌和铜的混合物。
32、权利要求27的润滑油组合物,其中(D-2)的金属是锌。
33、权利要求27的润滑油组合物,其中(D-1)中的醇混合物含20-90摩尔百分数的异丙醇。
34、权利要求27的润滑油组合物,其中醇(E-2)是新戊二醇、乙二醇、季戊四醇、山梨糖醇、聚亚氧烷基乙二醇的一元烷基或
一元芳基醚,或它们的任意两种或多种的混合物。
35、一种用于内燃机的润滑油组合物,其包括:
(A)大量润滑粘度的油,
(B)约1%至10%(重量)的至少一种羧酸衍生物组分,该羧酸衍生物是通过
(B-1)至少一种取代的琥珀酰化剂与每当量酰化剂用1~1.5当量的
(B-2)至少一种聚胺反应所制备,这种聚胺的特征在于其结构内存在着至少一个HN<基,并且其中所说的取代的琥珀酰化剂是由取代基和琥珀基所组成,其中的取代基是由一种聚烯烃所衍生,所说的聚烯烃其特征在于
Mn值约为1300~5000,且
Mw/
Mn值约为2~4.5,所说的酰化剂其特征在于在它们的结构内每当量的取代基有平均至少为1.3当量的琥珀基,
(C)从约0.05~2%(重)的有约2到约30金属比的高碱性烷基苯磺酸钠,
(D)从约0.05~5%(重)的至少一种二烃基二硫代磷酸的金属盐,其中
(D-1)二硫化磷酸是通过用五硫化二磷与一种醇混合物反应制备的,所说的醇混合物包括至少约20摩尔百分数的异丙醇和至少一种含有约6~13碳原子的脂肪伯醇,和
(D-2)金属是第Ⅱ主族金属、铝、锡、铁、钴、铅、钼、锰、镍和铜。
(E)0.1~10%的由(E-1)与(E-2)和(E-3)反应产生的至少一种羧酸酯衍生物组分,
(E-1)为至少一种含有取代基和琥珀基的取代的琥珀酰化剂,其中取代基由聚烯烃衍生,所说的聚烯烃其特征为
Mn值为约1300~5000和
Mw/
Mn比值约为1.5~4.5,所说的酰化剂其特征为在其结构内每当量的取代基中有至少约为1.3当量的琥珀基,
(E-2)为每摩尔酰化剂约0.1~2摩尔的至少一种多羟基化合物,该多羟基化合物选自新戊二醇、乙二醇、季戊四醇、山梨糖醇、聚亚氧烷基乙二醇的一元烷基或一元芳基醚、或它们的任意两个或多个混合物,和
(E-3)为至少一种含有至少一个>NH基的聚胺,和
(F)约0.01~5%(重)的至少一种有机酸化合物的碱土金属盐,该有机酸化合物选自磺酸、羧酸、酚、和所说酸的混合物。
36、权利要求35的润滑油组合物,其中聚胺(B-2)和(E-3)是相互独立的聚胺,其特征为具有如下通式
其中n是由1至10的整数,每个R3分别是氢原子、烃基或羟基取代的或氨基取代的具有高达约30原子的烃基;或在不同氮原子上的两个R3能够连接起来形成U基,但须至少一个R3基是氢原子而且U是一个有约2~10碳原子的亚烷基。
37、权利要求35的润滑油组合物,其中
(F)含有有机磺酸的碱性碱土金属盐的混合物。
38、权利要求35的润滑油组合物,其还包括
(G)约0.01~2%(重)的至少一种丙三醇的部分脂肪酸酯。
39、用于配制润滑油组合物的浓缩物,其包含约20-90%(重量)的通常为液体的,基本上惰性的有机稀释剂/溶剂,
(B)约10~50%(重量)的至少一种羧酸衍生物组分,该羧酸衍生物组分是通过
(B-1)至少一种取代的琥珀酰化剂与每当量酰化剂用至少1当量的
(B-2)至少一种胺反应所制备,这种胺的特征在于其结构内存在着至少一个HN<基,并且其中所说的取代的琥珀酰化剂是由取代基和琥珀基所组成,其中的取代基是由一种聚烯烃所衍生,所说的聚烯烃的
Mn值约为1300至5000,且
Mw/
Mn值约为1.5~4.5,所说的酰化剂其特征在于在它们的结构内每当量的取代基有平均至少为1.3当量的琥珀基,
(C)约0.1~15%(重量)的至少一种有机磺酸或羧酸的碱性的碱金属盐,和
(D)约0.001~15%(重)的至少一种二烃基二硫代磷酸的金属盐,其中
(D-1)二硫代磷酸是通过用五硫化二磷与一种醇混合物反应制备的,所说的醇混合物包括至少10摩尔百分数的异丙醇、仲丁醇,或异丙醇和仲丁醇的混合物,和至少一种含有约3-13碳原子的脂肪族伯醇;和
(D-2)金属是第Ⅱ主族金属、铝、锡、铁、钴、铅、钼、锰、镍或铜。
40、权利要求39的浓缩物,其还包括约1~30%(重)的
(E)至少一种由(E-1)与(E-2)反应制备的羧酸酯衍生物组分:
(E-1)为至少一种含有取代基和琥珀基的取代的琥珀酰化剂,其中取代基由聚烯烃衍生,所说的聚烯烃特征为其
Mn值为约1300~5000和
Mw/
Mn比值约为1.5~4.5,所说的酰化剂其特征为在其结构内每当量的取代基中有至少约为1.3当量的琥珀基,
(E-2)为至少一种具有如下通式的醇
其中R3是通过碳键连接到-OH上的一价或多价的有机基团,和m是从1到约10的整数。
41、权利要求40的浓缩物,其中由酰化剂(E-1)与醇(E-2)反应制备的羧酸酯(E)进一步与
(E-3)至少一种含有至少一个HN<基的聚胺反应。
42、权利要求39的浓缩物,其还包括约1%(重)至约20%(重)的
(F)至少一种中性或碱性的至少一种酸性有机化合物的碱土金属盐。
43、权利要求40的浓缩物,也包括约1%(重)至约20%(重)的
(F)至少一种酸性有机化合物的至少一种中性或碱性碱土金属盐。
44、权利要求39的浓缩物,其还包括约0.001%(重)至约10%(重)的
(G)至少一种多元醇的部分脂肪酸酯。
45、权利要求40的浓缩物,其还包括约0.001%(重)至约10%(重)的
(G)至少一种多元醇的部分脂肪酸酯。
46、权利要求42的浓缩物,其还包括约0.001%(重)至约10%(重)的
(G)至少一种多元醇的部分脂肪酸酯。
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