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CN102378601B - 高频手术装置以及医疗设备的动作方法 - Google Patents

高频手术装置以及医疗设备的动作方法 Download PDF

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CN102378601B
CN102378601B CN201080014847.5A CN201080014847A CN102378601B CN 102378601 B CN102378601 B CN 102378601B CN 201080014847 A CN201080014847 A CN 201080014847A CN 102378601 B CN102378601 B CN 102378601B
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蒲谷晃则
入泽隆志
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Abstract

高频手术装置具备高频电流产生部,其产生用于传导给手术对象的生物体组织的高频电流;高频探头,其用于向生物体组织传导高频电流,通过高频电流进行处置;时间测量部,其对高频电流的输出时间进行测量;阻抗检测部,其对生物体组织的电阻抗进行检测;以及输出控制部,其进行控制,使得在检测出输出时间超过第一阈值并且电阻抗的值超过第二阈值的情况下停止高频电流的输出。

Description

高频手术装置以及医疗设备的动作方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种使高频电流流过生物体组织来进行手术的高频手术装置以及医疗设备的动作方法。
背景技术
近年来,在外科手术等中开始使用各种手术装置。例如,目前已知一种对血管施加高频能源来进行处置的技术。在这种情况下,使用如下一种高频手术装置,即在以适当的把持力量来把持血管的状态下流过高频电流,通过此时产生的热能对血管进行封闭。
例如,在日本特开2002-325772号公报的高频手术装置中,向生物体组织提供高频电流的同时对生物体组织的电阻抗进行测量,进行控制以使高频电力的输出值按3个阶段依次下降,当达到规定的电阻抗时,停止输出并结束处理。
然而,如上述的现有例,在达到规定的电阻抗时停止输出的方法中,在将不同粗细的血管作为手术对象的生物体组织并对其进行例如封闭的手术(或者处置)的情况下,很难简单地进行该手术。
本发明是鉴于上述问题点而完成的,目的在于提供一种即使在作为手术对象的生物体组织不同的情况下,也能够简单地进行封闭等的手术的高频手术装置以及手术控制方法。
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
本发明的一个方式所涉及的高频手术装置,其特征在于,具备:高频电流产生部,其用于产生用于向作为手术对象的生物体组织传导的高频电流;高频探头,其将产生的上述高频电流传导给上述生物体组织,通过上述高频电流对上述生物体组织进行处置;时间测量部,其用于测量上述高频电流产生部产生的高频电流的输出时间;阻抗检测部,其对上述生物体组织的电阻抗进行检测;以及输出控制部,其在通过上述时间测量部测量到的上述输出时间超过第一阈值并且通过上述阻抗检测部检测到的电阻抗的值超过第二阈值的情况下,进行停止输出上述高频电流的控制。
本发明的一个实施方式所涉及的高频手术装置,其特征在于,具备:高频电流产生部,其用于产生向作为手术对象的生物体组织传导的高频电流;阻抗检测部,其用于检测通过高频处置器具传导上述高频电流的上述生物体组织的电阻抗;阻抗变化量计算部,其根据通过上述阻抗检测部检测出的上述电阻抗的值来计算每个规定时间的电阻抗变化量;以及输出控制部,其控制传导给上述生物体组织的上述高频电流的输出,其中,上述输出控制部进行上述高频电流的输出控制以使通过上述阻抗变化量计算部计算出的上述阻抗变化量包括在规定的范围内。
本发明的一个方式所涉及的手术控制方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:输出步骤,上述高频电流产生部通过开关的操作将高频电流输出到作为手术对象的生物体组织;时间测量步骤,时间测量部对向上述生物体组织输出高频电流的输出时间进行测量;阻抗检测步骤,阻抗检测部向上述生物体组织输出上述高频电流后经过一段时间对电阻抗进行检测;判断步骤,判断部判断是否满足第一条件和第二条件,该第一条件是测量到的上述输出时间达到第一阈值,该第二条件是检测出的上述电阻抗的值达到第二阈值;以及输出控制步骤,判断结果为满足上述第一条件和上述第二条件时,输出控制部进行停止向上述生物体组织输出上述高频电流的控制。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明的第一实施方式的高频手术装置的整体结构的图。
图2是表示高频手术装置中的高频电源装置的内部结构的框图。
图3是表示通过第一实施方式来对作为处置对象的血管进行手术的高频手术控制方法的代表例的流程图。
图4A是表示通过间歇输出按照图3的高频手术控制方法对粗直径血管进行封闭处置时的阻抗变化的情况的动作说明图。
图4B是表示通过间歇输出按照图3的高频手术控制方法对细直径血管进行封闭处置时的阻抗变化的情况的动作说明图。
图5A是表示通过连续输出按照图3的高频手术控制方法对粗直径血管进行封闭处置时的阻抗变化的情况的动作说明图。
图5B是表示通过连续输出按照图3的高频手术控制方法对细直径血管进行封闭处置时的阻抗变化的情况的动作说明图。
图6A是表示为了对细直径血管和粗直径血管进行封闭处置而以相同条件提供高频电流时的阻抗变化的情况的说明图。
图6B是用于通过设定第一实施方式的两个控制参数来达到较高封闭性能的说明图。
图6C是表示分别使用输出时间的阈值和阻抗的阈值作为控制参数来对粗直径血管和细直径血管进行封闭处置时的平均的血管耐压值的测量数据的图。
图7A是表示用于对粗直径血管的情况确定作为控制参数的阻抗的阈值的测量数据的图。
图7B是表示用于对细直径血管的情况确定作为控制参数的输出时间的阈值的测量数据的图。
图7C是表示用于对中等直径血管的情况确定作为控制参数的输出时间的阈值的测量数据的图。
图8A是使用了本发明的第二实施方式中的进行输出控制时的恒定电力控制以及恒定电压控制的说明图。
图8B是表示第二实施方式中的对作为处置对象的血管进行手术的高频手术控制方法的代表例的流程图。
图9A是表示按照第二实施方式中的高频手术控制方法对粗直径血管进行封闭处置时的阻抗变化等的情况的动作说明图。
图9B是表示按照第二实施方式中的高频手术控制方法对细直径血管进行封闭处置时的阻抗变化等的情况的动作说明图。
图10是表示本发明的第三实施方式中的高频电源装置的内部结构的框图。
图11是表示通过第三实施方式进行封闭处置时的输出控制的处理过程的流程图。
图12是表示得到的最接近血管耐压值的采样和最不接近血管耐压值的采样的情况下的阻抗变化的测量数据例。
图13是表示第三实施方式的变形例中进行封闭处置时的处理过程的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面,参照附图对本发明的各个实施方式进行说明。
(第一实施方式)
如图1所示,本发明的第一实施方式所涉及的高频手术装置1具有高频电源装置2,该高频电源装置2具备用于产生进行处置的高频电流的高频电流产生部31(参照图2)。
该高频电源装置2设置有输出所产生的高频电流的连接器插座3,连接器5拆卸自由地连接于该连接器插座3,该连接器5设置在作为高频处置器具的高频探头4的连接线缆4a的基端。
该高频探头4具有:操作部6,其由手术操作者把持来进行操作;护套7,其从该操作部6的上端延伸出来;以及处置部9,其经由该护套7的前端的连接机构8而被设置,使作为处置对象的生物体组织流过高频电流来进行高频手术的处置。
在护套7内插通有滑动管10,该滑动管10的后端经由连接轴11连接于形成操作部6的手柄12a、12b中的一个手柄的上端的连接轴插座13。此外,在连接轴插座13上设置有狭缝13a,连接轴11的后端穿过该狭缝13a,但该连接轴11的后端的球部分不能穿过该狭缝13a。
手柄12a、12b在枢接部14处可自由旋转地进行连接,在手柄12a、12b的下端设有搭手部15a、15b。
手术操作者通过打开搭手部15a、15b、闭合搭手部15a、15b的操作,手柄12a、12b的上端朝相反方向移动。然后,手术操作者通过上述操作能够将滑动管10向前方推出或使其向后方移动。
在该滑动管10的前端,经由用于使处置构件16a、16b开闭的连接机构8连接于构成处置部9的一对处置构件16a、16b。
因而,手术操作者通过进行开闭手柄12a、12b的操作,从而能够驱动与进退移动的滑动管10相连接的连接机构8来开闭一对处置构件16a、16b。并且,利用开闭的一对处置构件16a、16b中相向的两个内侧部分,能够把持作为处置对象的生物体组织的血管17(参照图2)。
此外,图1的状态是闭合了手柄12a、12b的状态,如果在该状态下进行打开手柄12a、12b的操作,则滑动管10向前方移动,从而通过连接机构8能够打开一对处置构件16a、16b。
一对处置构件16a、16b在相向的内侧部分上设置有双极性的电极18a、18b。处置构件16a、16b的后端侧与连接机构8连接。
在滑动管10内插通一对信号线21,该一对信号线21分别与电极18a、18b连接。另外,信号线21的后端连接在例如设置在手柄12b的上端的连接器插座23上。连接线缆4a的另一端的连接器拆卸自由地连接在该连接器插座23上。
在高频电源装置2上除了连接有电源开关26之外,还连接有脚踏开关27,该脚踏开关27作为进行高频电流的输出接通(通电)、输出断开(切断)的指示操作的输出开关。手术操作者通过进行用脚踩踏该脚踏开关27的操作而能够向处置部9一侧提供高频电流或者停止提供高频电流。
另外,在高频电源装置2的前表面设有对高频电力的值等进行设定的设定部28。在该设定部28设有:电力设定按钮28a,其用于设定高频电力的值;选择开关28b,其从间歇输出模式与连续输出模式中选择一个输出模式,该间歇输出模式为间歇地输出高频电流的模式,该连续输出模式为连续地输出高频电流的模式;手术操作者能够设定最适于处置的高频电力的值并设定要使用的输出模式来进行高频手术。
另外,在设定部28的上侧设有显示所设定的高频电力的值等的显示部29。
如图2所示,高频电源装置2使用绝缘变压器32来构成高频电流产生部31,该高频电流产生部31产生用于向作为手术对象的生物体组织传导的高频电流。设有在该绝缘变压器32的初级线圈侧并联地连接有电容器的并联谐振电路33a。从可变电源34向该并联谐振电路33a的一端施加直流电压,在该并联谐振电路33a的另一端上连接有开关电路35。
可变电源34能够使直流电压变化地输出。另外,通过对开关电路35施加来自波形生成部36的开关控制信号来进行开关控制。
并且,开关电路35对从可变电源34流向绝缘变压器32的初级线圈的电流进行开关控制,从而在绝缘变压器32的次级线圈侧的输出部33b上在与初级线圈绝缘的状态下产生升压的高频电流。此外,在次级线圈侧也连接有电容器。
绝缘变压器32的次级线圈侧的输出部33b连接于成为高频电流的输出端的连接器插座3的接点3a、3b。并且,通过与该连接器插座3相连接的高频探头4来传导高频电流,向作为手术对象的生物体组织的血管17提供(施加)高频电流,从而能够进行封闭等的处置。
另外,输出部33b的两端连接于阻抗检测部37。如图2所示,该阻抗检测部37对高频电流流经作为生物体组织的血管17的状态下的输出端(两个接点3a、3b)之间的电压和流经成为负载的血管17的电流进行检测,并对用该种情况下的电压除以电流得到的电阻抗(仅简称为阻抗)进行检测。该阻抗检测部37将检测到的阻抗输出到控制部38。此外,如后述,阻抗检测部37也可以构成为还对血管17部分的阻抗Za进行计算并输出到控制部38。
另外,控制部38与以下部分连接:作为进行时间测量的时间测量部的计时器39、存储各种信息的存储器40、接通高频电流的输出和断开高频电流的输出的脚踏开关27、设定部28、显示部29。
对该高频电源装置2的各部分进行控制的控制部38向可变电源34和波形生成部36发送设定条件、与由阻抗检测部37检测到的阻抗以及通过计时器39得到的测量时间相对应的控制信号。
可变电源34输出与从控制部38发送出的控制信号相对应的直流电力。另外,波形生成部36输出与从控制部38发送出的控制信号相对应的波形(在此为矩形波)。
高频电流生成部31根据开关电路35的动作来生成高频电流,并从连接器插座3输出,该开关电路35根据从可变电源34发送出的直流电力和从波形生成部36发送出的矩形波来接通/断开。此外,并联谐振电路33a降低由于进行开关动作而得到的矩形波的假信号。另外,输出部33b也形成谐振电路来降低假信号。
控制部38例如由CPU38a构成,该CPU38a按照存储在存储器40中的程序在对血管17进行封闭等的处置时对各部分进行控制。
在本实施方式中,在存储器40中存储有输出时间的第一阈值Tm和阻抗的第二阈值Zs,作为适当地进行封闭处置的控制参数,使得无论对细直径的血管17还是粗直径的血管17都能够进行适当地封闭等的处置。
此外,阻抗检测部37在连接有高频探头4的基端的连接器5的连接器插座3处检测阻抗,因此检测电极18a、18b中的血管17的实质的阻抗Za,作为实际上含有高频探头4的阻抗成分的状态下的阻抗Za’。
在本实施方式中,说明以下内容:阻抗检测部37根据该阻抗Za’来进一步计算实质的阻抗Za,并将该阻抗Za输出到CPU38a。CPU38a也可以进行该处理。下面,假设阻抗检测部37对电极18a、18b中的血管17的实质的阻抗Za进行计算(检测)并输出到CPU38a中。
存储在存储器40中的阻抗的阈值Zs是对电极18a、18b中的血管17的实质的阻抗进行设定的阈值。
此外,在使用阈值Zs’自身来代替阈值Zs的情况下,可将该阻抗值Za’与阈值Zs’进行比较,该阈值Zs’与通过阻抗检测部37的测定而检测出的阻抗值Za’相对应。
在后面说明,控制部38的CPU38a具有判断部38b的如下功能:在利用高频能源的处置开始时,通过计时器39对输出时间Ta进行测量,判断该输出时间Ta是否达到阈值Tm,判断通过阻抗检测部37检测到的阻抗Za是否达到了第二阈值Zs。
CPU38a具有输出控制部38c的如下功能:在判断为满足达到第一阈值Tm的条件和达到第二阈值Zs的条件的情况下,进行使从高频电流产生部31输出高频电流停止的输出控制。
接着,参照图3的流程图来说明本实施方式的使用高频探头4对血管17进行封闭处置的情况下的动作。
手术操作者将电源开关26接通,如步骤S1所示,对处置时的高频电力的值和输出模式等进行初始设定。
另外,手术操作者通过如图1所示的高频探头4的前端部的处置部9的电极18a、18b来把持作为处置对象的生物体组织的血管17。图2示意性地表示通过电极18a、18b来把持作为生物体组织的血管17的状态。
如步骤S2所示,手术操作者为了对血管17进行封闭处置而将作为输出开关的脚踏开关27接通。此外,也可以将输出开关设置在高频探头4上。
通过将输出开关接通,控制部38的CPU38a进行控制以使高频电流产生部31产生高频电流。高频电流产生部31从输出端输出高频电流,高频探头4传导该高频电流,并提供给与电极18a、18b接触的血管17。高频电流流经血管17,开始封闭处置。即开始图3中步骤S3的高频电流的输出。
这时,如步骤S4所示,CPU38a使作为时间测量部的计时器39开始测量(计时)高频电流的输出时间Ta。
另外,如步骤S5所示,CPU38a以规定周期获取通过阻抗检测部37检测(测量)到的阻抗Za。
然后,如下一步骤S6所示,CPU38a判断获取到的阻抗Za是否达到预先设定的第二阈值Zs即判断是否为Za≥Zs。
在不满足Za≥Zs条件(即Za﹤Zs)的情况下,CPU38a返回到步骤S5的处理。
另一方面,在判断结果为满足Za≥Zs的条件的情况下,CPU38a进行步骤S7的处理。在步骤S7中,CPU38a判断由计时器39测量出的输出时间Ta是否达到第一阈值Tm,即判断是否为Ta≥Tm。此外,在CPU38a进行步骤S7中的判断的情况下,通过步骤S6的判断可知已经满足Za≥Zs的条件,因此步骤S7实际上是进行判断是否为Za≥Zs并且Ta≥Tm的处理。
在步骤S7的判断结果为不满足Ta≥Tm(即Ta﹤Tm)的情况下,返回到步骤S7的处理。另一方面,在判断结果为满足Ta≥Tm的条件的情况下,转到步骤S8的处理。在步骤S8中,CPU38a进行停止输出的控制。然后,结束图3的对封闭处置进行的控制处理。
图4A示出在将高频电流设定为间歇输出模式的状态下,对粗直径血管进行封闭处置时的代表性的阻抗Za的变化的情况。在此,横轴表示时间t,纵轴表示阻抗。此外,在图4A(图4B等中也一样)中,也示出间歇输出模式中的高频电流间歇地输出的情况。
此外,在本实施方式中,在间歇输出模式的情况下,将构成间歇地输出高频电流的周期的第一期间T1与第二期间T2设定为2比1,第一期间T1为输出高频电流的期间,第二期间T2为停止输出高频电流的期间。另外,期间T1和期间T2被分别设定为60ms和30ms。另外,在该间歇输出模式的期间内高频电流被设定为恒定电力值。
在与图4A的情况相同的输出条件下,对细直径血管进行了封闭处置时的代表性的阻抗Za的变化的情况如图4B所示。
从图4A和图4B可知,在对粗直径血管进行处置的情况下,阻抗Za的值比较缓慢地上升。并且,即使在输出时间Ta达到第一阈值Tm的状态下,该阻抗值Za仍比第二阈值Zs小。
因此,即使在超过第一阈值Tm的时间间歇输出模式仍继续进行。在阻抗Za达到(超过)了第二阈值Zs时,输出才停止。
另一方面,如果与粗直径血管的情况相比较,在对细直径血管进行处置的情况下,阻抗Za的值更快地上升。并且,在输出时间Ta达到第一阈值Tm前,阻抗Za就超过第二阈值Zs。
在阻抗Za的值超过了第二阈值Zs的状态下,继续进行间歇输出模式,在输出时间Ta达到(超过)了第一阈值Tm时,停止输出。此外,在图4B中,在输出时间Ta超过了第一阈值Tm的时刻停止间歇输出的情况下,也可以如虚线所示,在延迟若干时间的时刻停止输出。
图4A和图4B对通过间歇输出模式进行封闭处置的情况进行了说明,但是也可以通过连续输出模式进行处置。
图5A和图5B表示以连续输出模式对粗直径血管和细直径血管分别进行封闭处置时的代表性的阻抗Za的变化的情况。
通过连续输出模式进行处置的情况下的阻抗Za的变化的趋势(情况)与通过图4A和图4B进行说明的情况一样。
如上述在本实施方式中,对相对于输出时间Ta的第一阈值Tm和相对于阻抗Za的值的第二阈值Zs进行设定并通过高频电流进行封闭处置,由此无论在血管17较细的情况下(具体地1mm左右)还是在血管17较粗的情况下(具体地7mm左右),都能够适当地进行封闭处置。
因此,手术操作者能够顺利地对血管17进行封闭处置,从而能够减轻手术操作者在进行封闭处置时的负担。另外,能够顺利地进行封闭处置,因此能够缩短手术时间。
下面就本发明进行这种控制的有效性进行说明。根据图4A至图5B中阻抗Za的变化的特性可知,与粗直径血管的情况相比,在细直径血管的情况下,在较短的时间内,阻抗Za的值与输出时间Ta一起变大。
此外,通常作为进行封闭的方法有愈合和凝固两种。在细直径血管的情况下,能够通过去除水分的脱水从而凝固来进行封闭,但是在粗直径血管的情况下,主要利用对血管内的胶原进行加热而液化的愈合来进行封闭。
因此,在细直径血管的情况下,即使处置时间比较长,封闭特性也不会降低,但在粗直径血管的情况下封闭特性就会受到影响。
图6A的实线和虚线表示为了对粗直径血管和细直径血管进行封闭而以相同条件提供高频电流的情况下的细直径血管和粗直径血管的阻抗Z1、Z2的变化的概要。此外,横轴表示进行封闭处置的时间t。
如该图6A所示,二者在阻抗Z1、Z2的变化上有较大差异,因此,如现有例那样在对阻抗的值进行检测并在该值达到预先设定的阈值的情况下停止输出而结束封闭处置的方法受限于较窄范围的血管直径的情况。
图6B中的双点划线的特性Qa示出如下封闭性能的概要:在将对中等直径血管(M)进行处置的情况下为了得到超过目标性能的封闭性能而设定的阻抗的阈值(△)作为控制参数的情况下,血管直径发生改变后的封闭性能。
特性Qa在细直径血管(S)和粗直径血管(L)的情况下,所获得的封闭性能小于目标性能。
因此,在本实施方式中,作为控制参数除了使用阻抗的阈值Zs外,还使用输出时间的阈值Tm。如图6A所示,对粗直径血管设定获得适当的封闭性能的阻抗的阈值Zs。作为该阻抗的阈值Zs也可以近似为几乎仅仅由电阻成分构成。
如图6A所示,对于细直径血管的情况,对能够确保获得的封闭性能的输出时间的阈值Tm进行设定。并且,在本实施方式中进行输出控制,以在满足两个阈值Tm和Zs的条件的情况下结束封闭处置。
这种情况下的封闭性能的概要如图6B中的实线和较粗虚线所示。图6B中的实线所示的特性Qb是为了在细直径血管(S)的情况下获得适当封闭性能而对输出时间的阈值Tm进行调整(调谐)得到的特性。
另外,以较粗虚线表示的特性Qc是对于粗直径血管(L)来调整阻抗的阈值Zs而得到的特性。并且,通过进行输出控制以满足两个阈值Tm、Zs,从而如图6B所示能够达到超过目标性能的封闭性能。具体地,在细直径血管的情况下,主要以特性Qb进行输出控制,在粗直径血管的情况下,以特性Qc进行输出控制。
在图6B中对以下情况进行了说明:对细直径血管的情况进行输出时间的调整,对粗直径血管的情况进行阻抗的调整。图6C是表示进行了这样的调整的情况下的测量数据。
图6C中左侧的两个图形和右侧的两个图形示出分别对于粗直径血管情况和细直径血管情况,将输出时间的阈值(具体例中为4秒)和阻抗的阈值(其中作为Zs’分别为670Ω、890Ω)分别作为控制参数来进行封闭处置的情况下的平均血管耐压值(VBP)[mmHg]。
此外,血管耐压值是为了客观评价封闭的强度而对以下情况下的压力值进行测量得到的值:向对血管17进行了封闭(的处置)的血管封闭部施加水压而破裂(burst)时的压力值。一般地,因为人的标准血压为120mmHg,因此如果得到其3倍即360mmHg以上的血管耐压值,则认为得到足够好的封闭性能。
另外,在图6C中,将输出时间控制简记为T控制,将阻抗控制简记为Z控制。另外,虽然图6C中的测量数据是使用相对于作为生物体组织的血管的、作为包含有高频探头4等的线缆的阻抗成分的情况下的控制参数的阻抗的阈值Zs’的例子,但是即使使用仅相对于血管的阻抗的阈值Zs也是一样的结果。此外,这些测量数据实际上是根据第二实施方式的高频手术控制方法而进行的。
根据这些测量数据可知,在粗直径血管的情况下,与进行输出时间控制相比控制阻抗的方法更为有效。
另外可知,在细直径血管的情况下,与进行阻抗控制相比进行输出时间控制的方法更为有效。
这样,在本实施方式中,如通过图6B进行说明的那样,对于细直径血管的情况以输出时间进行调整,对于粗直径血管的情况以阻抗进行调整。
另外,图7A表示用于确定对于粗直径血管进行调整的情况下的阻抗的阈值Zs’的平均血管耐压值V和超过360mmHg的概率P的测量数据。即图7A表示在改变阻抗的阈值Zs’地进行图6C中说明的阻抗控制的情况下得到的测量数据。
根据图7A的测量数据可知,考虑到用曲线表示超过360mmHg的概率P较高时,可在例如650Ω附近设定阻抗的阈值Zs’。
即,作为阻抗的调整值的阻抗的阈值Zs’为650Ω,在这种情况下在血管17部分位置处实质的阻抗的阈值Zs为925Ω。因而,也可以将包含该值925Ω的700Ω至1100Ω附近设定为作为处置对象(手术对象)的生物体组织的血管17的阻抗的阈值Zs。
此外,图7A中的超过360mmHg的概率P表示根据所得到的血管耐压值统计地算出超过360mmHg的概率的相对值。
另外,图7B表示用于对于细直径血管确定进行调整的情况下的输出时间Ta的阈值Tm的平均血管耐压值V和超过360mmHg的概率P的测量数据。即图7B表示图6C中说明的输出时间控制为改变该输出时间Ta的阈值Tm而进行控制的情况下得到的测量数据。此外,在图7B中,图的上段侧表示超过360mmHg的概率P的测量数据,图的下段侧表示平均血管耐压值V。
根据图7B的测量数据例如也可以将从3秒至6秒附近设定为输出时间Ta的阈值Tm。
另外,图7C表示用于对于中等直径血管确定进行调整的情况下的输出时间Ta的阈值Tm的平均血管耐压值V和超过360mmHg的概率P的测量数据。即图7C表示图6C中说明的输出时间控制为改变该输出时间Ta的阈值Tm而进行控制的情况下得到的测量数据。
在图7C的测量数据中,在4秒的情况下平均血管耐压值V下降若干数值,但是即使在该种情况下,也具有360mmHg的2倍左右大小的值,因此例如可以将从3秒至6秒附近的任意值设为输出时间Ta的阈值Tm。
这样,通过使用设定的两个控制参数,如上述根据本实施方式,对于细直径血管至粗直径血管之间的任意直径的血管17的情况都能够顺利地进行封闭处置。另外,根据本实施方式,即使对于细直径血管至粗直径血管中任意直径的血管17的情况也能够在短时间内简单地进行封闭处置,从而能够减轻手术操作者和患者的负担。
(第二实施方式)
接着说明本发明的第二实施方式。本实施方式的结构是与图1和图2示出的第一实施方式相同的结构。
本实施方式中的控制部38的CPU38a进行与第一实施方式不同的输出控制。在第一实施方式中,通过一个输出模式进行封闭处置。
与之相对,在本实施方式中,CPU38a在输出开始时使用间歇输出模式,在所检测出的阻抗Za达到了预先设定的作为用于输出模式转换的控制参数的阻抗的第三阈值Zf的情况下,进行从间歇输出模式切换为连续输出模式的控制。即,在本实施方式中,CPU38a具有对输出模式进行切换控制的切换控制部(在后述的图10中用38d来表示)的功能。此外,阈值Zf为比阈值Zs小很多的值,具体为101Ω左右,该阈值Zf存储在存储器40(参照图2)中。
另外,在本实施方式中,如图8A所示,在间歇输出模式的期间,进行恒定电力控制,达到阻抗的阈值Zf而转换到连续输出模式后进行恒定电压控制。从恒定电力控制转换为恒定电压控制时,施加给血管17的高频能量台阶式地降低。
通过这样切换输出模式,无论是对细直径血管还是对粗直径血管都能够顺利地进行封闭处置。此外,在图8A中横轴表示阻抗,纵轴表示电力值。
接着,参照表示本实施方式的高频手术控制方法的图8B进行说明。手术操作者在接通电源后的最初的步骤S11中进行初始设定。
在本实施方式中,作为控制参数的输出时间的阈值Tm、阻抗的阈值Zs分别默认设定为4秒、925Ω。另外,作为用于切换输出模式的阻抗的阈值Zf被默认设定为101Ω。
另外,在间歇输出模式期间,默认设定为以接通60ms断开30ms的周期并以40W的恒定电力进行输出。另外,在连续输出模式期间内,默认设定为以70Vrms的恒定电压输出高频电流。
因而,手术操作者在直接以默认设定进行封闭处置的情况下,能够不变更这些值而直接进行处置。此外也可以是,手术操作者对设定部28进行操作,例如从预先准备的等级1的3秒、等级2的4秒、等级3的5秒中选择设定作为输出时间的阈值Tm。
手术操作者通过高频探头4的前端的电极18a、18b来把持处置对象的血管,如步骤S12所示,接通作为输出开关的脚踏开关27。于是,控制部38的CPU38a进行使高频电流产生部31产生高频电流的控制。
如步骤S13所示,高频电源装置2从其输出端以间歇输出模式输出高频电流。高频电流通过高频探头4传导给血管17,高频电流流经血管17,开始封闭处置。即以间歇输出模式开始输出。
这时,如步骤S14所示,CPU38a使计时器39开始高频电流的输出时间Ta的测量(计数)。
另外,如步骤S15所示,CPU38a在规定周期内获取通过阻抗检测部37检测出的阻抗Za。
然后,如接下来的步骤S16所示,CPU38a判断所获取的阻抗Za是否达到预先设定的阈值Zf(具体地Zf=101Ω)即是否为Za≥Zf。
在不满足Za≥Zf条件(即Za<Zf)的情况下,CPU38a返回到步骤S15的处理。
另一方面,在判断结果为满足Za≥Zf的条件的情况下,CPU38a进入步骤S17的处理。在步骤S17中,CPU38a将高频电流产生部31产生的高频电流从间歇输出模式切换(转换)为连续输出模式。因而,连续输出模式的高频电流流经血管17。
另外,在下一个步骤S18中,CPU38a在规定周期内获取通过阻抗检测部37检测(测量)出的阻抗Za。
然后,如下一个步骤S19所示,CPU38a判断获取到的阻抗Za是否达到预先设定的阈值Zs(具体地Zs=925Ω)即是否为Za≥Zs。
在不满足Za≥Zs的条件(即Za<Zs)的情况下,CPU38a返回到步骤S18的处理。
另一方面,在判断结果为满足Za≥Zs的条件的情况下,CPU38a进入步骤S20的处理。在步骤S20中,CPU38a判断通过计时器39测量(计数)得到的输出时间是否达到阈值Tm,即是否为Ta≥Tm。此外,由于通过在进行步骤S20的判断之前的步骤S19的判断而判断出满足Za≥Zs的条件,因此,实际上步骤S20判断是否为Za≥Zs且Ta≥Tm。
在步骤S20的判断结果为不满足Ta≥Tm(即Ta<Tm)的情况下,返回到步骤S20的处理。另一方面,在判断结果为满足Ta≥Tm的条件的情况下,进到步骤S21的处理。在步骤S21中,CPU38a进行停止输出的控制。并且,结束对图8B的封闭处置进行的控制处理。
图9A和图9B表示分别将图8B的高频控制方法应用于粗直径血管和细直径血管时的阻抗Za的变化的情况。
对图9A和图9B进行比较可知,与细直径血管的情况相比,在粗直径血管的情况下阻抗Za缓慢地变大,因此,与细直径血管的情况相比,在粗直径血管的情况下阻抗Za达到阈值Zf的时间更长。因而,与细直径血管的情况相比,在粗直径血管的情况下间歇输出模式的处置时间长。
并且,当阻抗Za达到阈值Zf时,输出模式变换为连续输出模式。变换后,即使在输出时间Ta达到输出时间的阈值Tm的情况下,在粗直径血管的情况下,该阻抗Za未达到阈值Zs。连续输出模式仍然继续,在该阻抗Za大于等于阈值Zs的时间停止输出。
另一方面,与粗直径血管的情况相比,在细直径血管的情况下阻抗Za快速变大,因此与粗直径血管的情况相比,在细直径血管的情况下阻抗Za达到阈值Zf的时间较短。
当阻抗Za达到阈值Zf时,输出模式变换为连续输出模式。变换后,在输出时间Ta达到输出时间的阈值Tm之前,该阻抗Za比阈值Zs大。并且连续输出模式继续,在该输出时间Ta大于等于阈值Tm的时间停止输出。
根据本实施方式,对于从细直径到粗直径的任一个直径的血管17的情况,都能够顺利地进行可得到足够大的血管耐压值的封闭处置。
此外,上述输出时间的阈值Tm是对于细直径血管的情况为了满足封闭处置所要求的血管耐压值的目标值而设定的时间的下限侧的值,也可以是,在细直径血管的情况下,以比该阈值Tm长的时间进行封闭的处置。
另外,在粗直径血管的情况下,在达到该阈值Tm之前的输出时间内为阻抗Za比阻抗的阈值Zs小,因此,也可以将该阈值Tm的值设定为比3至6秒大若干秒(1秒左右)的值。
(第三实施方式)
接着,对本发明的第三实施方式进行说明。本实施方式的结构是与图1和图2所示的第一实施方式类似的结构。图10是表示本实施方式的高频手术装置1B中的高频电源装置2B的结构。
该高频电源装置2B是在图2的高频电源装置2中具有阻抗变化量计算部38e,该阻抗变化量计算部38e根据由阻抗检测部37检测出的阻抗Za来计算每个规定时间的阻抗变化量△Za。另外,CPU38a具有判断部,该判断部判断计算出的阻抗变化量△Za是否大于等于预先设定的阈值△Zt。
另外,该CPU38a具有第二输出控制部38f的功能,该第二输出控制部38f在判断为所计算出的阻抗变化量△Za大于等于预先设定的阈值△Zt的情况下,进行输出控制以降低进行封闭处置的高频电流(或者高频能源)。此外也可以是,输出控制部38c兼具该功能。
换言之,CPU38a进行输出控制以使计算出的阻抗变化量△Za在规定的范围内。
在计算阻抗变化量△Za的情况下的规定时间的值例如在10ms至100ms左右。另外,阈值△Zt为200Ω/200ms(=1kΩ/s)左右的值或者比该值小若干大小的值。该阈值△Zt是基于后述的如图12所示的测量数据而设定的。
此外,CPU38a也具有在第二实施方式中说明的切换控制部38d的功能。
而且,本实施方式是在第二实施方式中还具备阻抗变化量计算部38e和第二输出控制部38f。
第二输出控制部38f在间歇输出模式的期间内降低高频电力的设定值,在连续输出模式的期间内,降低电压的设定值。
此外,在本实施方式中,高频电源装置2B具有通知部51,该通知部51在使用控制参数进行封闭处置的情况下,在经过了允许的输出时间但输出未停止的情况下,向手术操作者等进行通知。
具体地,CPU38a在经过了输出时间Ta的阈值Tm的情况下,判断是否超过了被设定为比该阈值Tm大的值(例如10秒)的阈值Te。并且,在超过了该阈值Te的情况下,例如通过构成通知部51的例如扬声器来以声音通知超过了标准的处置时间的意思。
此外,不限于用声音进行通知,也可以通过显示部29的显示进行通知。也可以是,进行通知后联动地停止输出。另外也可以是,向手术操作者请求进行是否停止输出的判断,并根据该判断结果停止输出或者继续输出。
其它的结构是与第二实施方式相同的结构。通过本实施方式对于进行第二实施方式的封闭处置的情况下的输出控制的处理过程如图11所示。
通过接通电源,高频手术装置1B变为工作状态。而且,如步骤S31所示,手术操作者通过接通输出开关,如步骤S32所示,经过高频探头4向处置对象的血管提供高频电流,开始输出。如步骤S33所示,CPU38a通过计时器39来开始测量输出时间Ta,并且获取由阻抗检测部37检测出的阻抗Za。
并且,在下一个步骤S34中,CPU38a对每个规定时间的阻抗变化量△Za进行计算。该规定时间可设定为适当的时间。
在下一个步骤S35中,CPU38a判断阻抗变化量△Za是否大于等于预先设定的阈值△Zt。即,CPU38a判断是否为△Za≥△Zt。
在满足该判断条件的情况下,在下一步骤S36中,CPU38a在进行将设定电力值降低X1的值或者将设定电压值降低X2的降低输出后,返回到步骤S33的处理。
如在第二实施方式中所说明的那样,在输出开始时以恒定电力的间歇输出模式进行处置。因而,在间歇输出模式期间内,在与步骤S35的判断条件相对应的情况下,从设定的电力值减去X1。例如当设定的电力值为40W时,降低数W左右。在连续输出模式期间内,与步骤S35的判断条件相对应的情况下,从设定的电压值减去X2。例如当设定的电压值是70Vrms时,减去5Vrms左右。
另一方面,在不满足步骤S35的判断条件的情况下,进行步骤S37,在该步骤S37中CPU38a进行是否满足输出结束条件的判断。此外,该输出结束条件具体地是图8B中的步骤S20的判断处理。在满足该输出结束条件的情况下,在步骤S38中,CPU38a进行输出停止的处理,结束图11的输出控制。
在判断结果为不满足步骤S37的输出结束条件的情况下,转移到步骤S39的处理,在该步骤S39中,CPU38a判断输出时间Ta是否超过预先设定的作为标准的输出时间的接近被允许的最大值的阈值Te。即CPU38a判断是否为Ta>Te。
在不满足该判断条件的情况下,返回到步骤S33,重复上述处理。另一方面,在满足步骤S39的判断条件的情况下,在下一个步骤S40中,CPU38a通过通知部51来通知超过了标准的输出时间(处置时间)的状态的意思后,转移到步骤S38的处理。
通过进行如图11所示的输出控制,能够减少脱离第二实施方式中的图9A、图9B中示出的标准的阻抗Za的特性地进行处置的可能性。
图12表示按照第二实施方式进行封闭的多个样本中的最接近血管耐压值的样本(左侧的#10,#13的样本)和最不接近血管耐压值的样本(右侧的#9、#14的样本)的情况下的阻抗变化的情况。
与最接近血管耐压值的样本的情况相比,在最不接近血管耐压值的样本中,在输出时间的中段时间(相对于时间的经过)发生急剧的阻抗变化。例如,在样本#9中,在1.5秒至2秒附近,在样本#14中在稍早于3秒附近发生急剧的阻抗变化(△Z/△t),具体地发生△Z/△t≒200Ω/200ms。这种在输出时间的中段时间之前产生急剧的阻抗变化(△Z/△t),表示了该血管耐压值降低的趋势。
另外,当对这种样本进行研究时,发现如下趋势:在组织的表面上产生由于温度的过分上升而导致的组织改性,并且高频能源的传递受到表面改性的阻碍,多数都无法得到对于组织内部的愈合效果和脱水。
因此,在本实施方式中,进行降低施加的高频能量的控制,使得抑制产生这种急剧的阻抗变化而组织的表面温度过分上升。
具体地,如上述在以恒定电力值输出高频电流的间歇输出模式期间,在阻抗的变化量△Za超过了阈值△Zt的情况下,通过控制循环使该恒定电力值每次降低规定电力值(X1)。
另一方面,在以恒定电压值输出高频电流的连续输出模式的期间内,在阻抗的变化量△Za超过了阈值△Zt的情况下,通过控制循环使该恒定电压值每次降低规定电压值(X2)。
通过进行这种输出控制,本实施方式除了具有与第二实施方式相同的效果外,还在进行了封闭处置的情况下,能够进一步降低血管耐压值不足的发生概率,能够更好地进行封闭处置。此外,还可以将本实施方式应用于第一实施方式。
在本实施方式中也可以是,参照在进行过封闭处置的情况下存储的过去的数据,使用在实际进行封闭处置情况下得到的各个输出时间Ta中的阻抗Za、阻抗变化量△Za等的数据,来估计该封闭处置的作为客观尺度的封闭强度(具体来讲为血管耐压值)的评价结果。
在这种情况下,在已知的数据不足而不能够给出保持规定的信赖度的评价结果的情况下,也可以存储数据直到能够以规定的信赖度给予评价结果为止。
图13是表示利用存储的数据对作为在处置后进行估计的封闭强度的血管耐压值进行通知的高频手术控制方法的过程。图13与图11仅仅是一部分不同,因此仅对不同的部分进行说明。
如图13所示的处理过程,在图11中,在步骤S34和步骤S35之间设置的步骤S51中,CPU38a将输出时间Ta、阻抗Za、阻抗变化量△Za记录在存储器40等的记录单元中。
另外,在步骤S36之后的步骤S52中,CPU38a将输出时间Ta、设定电力值-X1或者设定电压值-X2记录在存储器40等的记录单元中。
另外,在步骤S38之后的步骤S53中,CPU38a根据按照图13进行了封闭处置的情况下的输出时间Ta、阻抗Za、阻抗变化量△Za等的数据和所存储的过去的数据,对结束了处置后的血管17的情况,计算估计出的血管耐压值的估计值并用显示部29进行显示。
例如,CPU38a以将对于输出时间Ta的经过的阻抗Za的值、阻抗变化量△Za等的特性分类为多个模式的方式将存储的数据(但是,血管耐压值已知)记录在存储器40等中。
另外,CPU38a将在包含在各个模式中的状态下进行了封闭处置的血管17的情况下的例如平均血管耐压值和其信赖度记录在存储器40等中。
然后,CPU38a对于进行了封闭处置的血管17的数据判断对应于哪个模式的特性,并计算该情况下的血管耐压值的估计值。另外,也显示对应于该估计值的信赖度等。
这样,手术操作者能够紧接在对处置的血管17进行处置后确认在对血管17进行封闭的情况下的客观的标准(或者基准)即通过估计得到的血管耐压值。
另外,假设如果继续存储数据则该估计的血管耐压值的可信度变得更高。
此外,不限于血管耐压值的估计值,例如也可以将判断是否超过血管耐压值中的预先设定的目标值(例如360mmHg)的判断结果、通过标准的封闭得到的标准的血管耐压值等与表示该判断结果的可信度的值一起显示或者通知。在这种情况下,手术操作者也能够确认对于处置的结果的客观的判断结果。
此外,在上述实施方式中,例如对间歇输出情况的接通时间和断开时间的比例设定为2:1的情况进行了说明。在这种情况下也可以在保持该比例的状态下,根据高频探头4的种类等变更接通时间和断开时间。
通过将上述实施方式等部分地进行组合而构成的实施方式也属于本发明。
本申请主张2009年10月28日在美国申请的61/255,536号申请的优先权,上述公开内容被引用于本说明书、权利要求、附图中。

Claims (20)

1.一种高频手术装置,其特征在于,具备:
高频电流产生部,其产生用于处置作为手术对象的生物体组织的高频电流;
高频探头,其具备电极,该电极用于向上述生物体组织传导所产生的上述高频电流,通过上述高频电流对上述生物体组织进行处置;
时间测量部,其对上述高频电流产生部产生的高频电流的输出时间进行测量;
阻抗检测部,其对上述生物体组织的电阻抗进行检测;
存储器,其为了对上述生物体组织得到期望封闭性能而存储第一阈值和第二阈值,该第一阈值是根据要处置的上述生物体组织中的上述电阻抗容易上升的第一生物体组织而调整的上述输出时间的阈值,该第二阈值是根据要处置的上述生物体组织中的与上述第一生物体组织相比上述电阻抗难以上升的第二生物体组织而调整的上述电阻抗的阈值;
第一判断部,其判断由上述时间测量部测量得到的上述输出时间是否达到上述第一阈值;
第二判断部,其判断由上述阻抗检测部检测出的上述电阻抗是否达到上述第二阈值;以及
输出控制部,其在上述第一判断部判断为达到上述第一阈值且上述第二判断部判断为达到上述第二阈值时,进行控制以使上述高频电流停止输出。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高频手术装置,其特征在于,
上述第一阈值是对上述第一生物体组织得到上述期望封闭性能并且对上述第二生物体组织得不到上述期望封闭性能的时间,
上述第二阈值是对上述第二生物体组织得到上述期望封闭性能并且在上述第一生物体组织达到上述第一阈值之前达到的电阻抗。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高频手术装置,其特征在于,
上述高频电流产生部以间歇输出模式和连续输出模式这两种输出模式中的一种输出模式来产生上述高频电流,该间歇输出模式为在时间上间歇地输出上述高频电流的模式,该连续输出模式为在时间上连续地输出上述高频电流的模式。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高频手术装置,其特征在于,
还具备第三判断部,该第三判断部判断由上述阻抗检测部检测出的上述电阻抗是否达到第三阈值,其中,上述第三阈值小于上述第二阈值,
上述高频电流产生部以间歇输出模式和连续输出模式这两种输出模式中的一种输出模式来产生上述高频电流,该间歇输出模式为在时间上间歇地输出上述高频电流的模式,该连续输出模式为在时间上连续地输出上述高频电流的模式,
上述输出控制部进行控制,使得在上述高频电流的输出开始时,以上述间歇输出模式输出上述高频电流,在上述第三判断部判断为由上述阻抗检测部检测出的电阻抗的值超过第三阈值的情况下,从上述间歇输出模式切换为上述连续输出模式来输出上述高频电流。
5.根据权利要求4所述的高频手术装置,其特征在于,
上述输出控制部进行控制,使得在上述间歇输出模式中构成一个周期的第一期间与第二期间的比例为2比1,其中,在第一期间输出上述高频电流,在第二期间停止输出上述高频电流。
6.根据权利要求5所述的高频手术装置,其特征在于,
上述第一期间与上述第二期间分别是60ms和30ms。
7.根据权利要求4所述的高频手术装置,其特征在于,
上述输出控制部进行控制,使得在上述间歇输出模式下以恒定电力值输出上述高频电流。
8.根据权利要求4所述的高频手术装置,其特征在于,
上述输出控制部进行控制,使得在上述连续输出模式下以恒定电压值输出上述高频电流。
9.根据权利要求1所述的高频手术装置,其特征在于,
还具备阻抗变化量计算部,该阻抗变化量计算部计算作为上述电阻抗在每个规定时间的变化量的阻抗变化量。
10.根据权利要求9所述的高频手术装置,其特征在于,
上述输出控制部判断上述阻抗变化量是否超过预先设定的第四阈值,并在判断为上述阻抗变化量超过上述第四阈值的情况下进行控制,使得上述高频电流的输出水平降低。
11.根据权利要求10所述的高频手术装置,其特征在于,
上述输出控制部在判断为在间歇输出模式下输出上述高频电流的期间内上述阻抗变化量超过上述第四阈值的情况下进行控制,使得上述高频电流的设定电力值降低规定电力值。
12.根据权利要求10所述的高频手术装置,其特征在于,
上述输出控制部在判断为在连续输出模式下输出上述高频电流的期间内上述阻抗变化量超过上述第四阈值的情况下进行控制,使得上述高频电流的设定电压值降低规定电压值。
13.根据权利要求1所述的高频手术装置,其特征在于,
上述第一生物体组织是具有第一直径的血管,上述第二生物体组织是具有第二直径的血管,其中,上述第二直径大于上述第一直径,
上述第一阈值是对具有上述第一直径的血管得到上述期望封闭性能并且对具有上述第二直径的血管得不到上述期望封闭性能的时间,
上述第二阈值是对具有上述第二直径的血管得到上述期望封闭性能并且在具有上述第一直径的血管达到上述第一阈值之前达到的电阻抗。
14.根据权利要求2所述的高频手术装置,其特征在于,
上述第一阈值为3秒以上且6秒以下,上述第二阈值为700Ω以上且1100Ω以下。
15.根据权利要求13所述的高频手术装置,其特征在于,
上述第一阈值为3秒以上且6秒以下,上述第二阈值为700Ω以上且1100Ω以下。
16.根据权利要求1所述的高频手术装置,其特征在于,
上述输出控制部进行控制,使得对于上述第一判断部判断为没有达到上述第一阈值且上述第二判断部判断为达到上述第二阈值的情况,在上述第一判断部判断为达到上述第一阈值时,使上述高频电流停止输出;对于上述第一判断部判断为达到上述第一阈值且上述第二判断部判断为没有达到上述第二阈值的情况,在上述第二判断部判断为达到上述第二阈值时,使上述高频电流停止输出。
17.根据权利要求1所述的高频手术装置,其特征在于,
上述第一生物体组织是具有第一直径的血管,上述第二生物体组织是具有第二直径的血管,其中,上述第二直径大于上述第一直径。
18.一种高频电源装置,其特征在于,具备:
高频电流产生部,其产生用于处置作为手术对象的生物体组织的高频电流;
时间测量部,其对上述高频电流产生部产生的高频电流的输出时间进行测量;
阻抗检测部,其对上述生物体组织的电阻抗进行检测;
存储器,其为了对上述生物体组织得到期望封闭性能而存储第一阈值和第二阈值,该第一阈值是根据要处置的上述生物体组织中的上述电阻抗容易上升的第一生物体组织而调整的上述输出时间的阈值,该第二阈值是根据要处置的上述生物体组织中的与上述第一生物体组织相比上述电阻抗难以上升的第二生物体组织而调整的上述电阻抗的阈值;
第一判断部,其判断由上述时间测量部测量得到的上述输出时间是否达到上述第一阈值;
第二判断部,其判断由上述阻抗检测部检测出的上述电阻抗是否达到上述第二阈值;以及
输出控制部,其在上述第一判断部判断为达到上述第一阈值并且上述第二判断部判断为达到上述第二阈值时,进行控制以使上述高频电流停止输出。
19.根据权利要求18所述的高频电源装置,其特征在于,
上述第一阈值是对上述第一生物体组织得到上述期望封闭性能并且对上述第二生物体组织得不到上述期望封闭性能的时间,
上述第二阈值是对上述第二生物体组织得到上述期望封闭性能并且在上述第一生物体组织达到上述第一阈值之前达到的电阻抗。
20.根据权利要求18所述的高频电源装置,其特征在于,
上述第一生物体组织是具有第一直径的血管,上述第二生物体组织是具有第二直径的血管,其中,上述第二直径大于第一直径,
上述第一阈值是对具有上述第一直径的血管得到上述期望封闭性能并且对具有上述第二直径的血管得不到上述期望封闭性能的时间,
上述第二阈值是对具有上述第二直径的血管得到上述期望封闭性能并且在具有上述第一直径的血管达到上述第一阈值之前达到的电阻抗。
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