CN102364246A - Method and system for collectively removing NOx and mercury (Hg) in coal-fired flue gas by utilizing secondary combustion of biomass charcoal - Google Patents
Method and system for collectively removing NOx and mercury (Hg) in coal-fired flue gas by utilizing secondary combustion of biomass charcoal Download PDFInfo
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- CN102364246A CN102364246A CN2011101026857A CN201110102685A CN102364246A CN 102364246 A CN102364246 A CN 102364246A CN 2011101026857 A CN2011101026857 A CN 2011101026857A CN 201110102685 A CN201110102685 A CN 201110102685A CN 102364246 A CN102364246 A CN 102364246A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for collectively removing NOx and mercury (Hg) in coal-fired flue gas by utilizing the secondary combustion of biomass charcoal, which is characterized in that: on the basis of the secondary combustion denitrification and the recycling of flue gas, the biomass charcoal is used as secondary-combustion fuel, the characteristics of the biomass charcoal such as low sulfur, low nitrogen, chloride containing, high ash-coke activity, high energy density, zero carbon dioxide (CO2) net emission and the like are utilized, and the biomass charcoal is sent into a secondary-combustion area of a hearth, the combined removal of multiple pollutants such as NOx, Hg and the like in the coal-fired flue gas can be realized through the catalyst reduction effect of anoxic combustion and biomass charcoal as well as the catalyst oxidation effect of chloride contained flue gas and high-activity ash and coke. The invention also discloses a system for realizing the method, which comprises a biomass charcoal preparing system, a coal pulverizing system, a hearth, a combustion system of the hearth, a flue gas recycling system and a boiler tail-gas processing system. The biomass charcoal is used as the secondary-combustion fuel, so the technical advantages of the secondary combustion of the fuel and the recycling of the flue gas can be integrated, and the method and the system have the advantages that: the investment cost and the running cost are low, the denitrification efficiency and the mercury removal efficiency are high, the CO2 net emission can be reduced, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of utilize biomass carbon to fire again to unite remove NO in the coal-fired flue-gas
xMethod and system with Hg belong to field of combustion technology.
Background technology
According to the International Energy Agency prediction, to the year two thousand thirty, coal remains one of main energy sources of the world today, accounts for 27% of world's total energy consumption.A large amount of coal utilizations cause NO
xConstantly increase with pollutant discharge amount such as heavy metal Hg, cause serious environmental to pollute.Worldwide,, account for 30 ~ 55% of mercury total release (nature and artificial sum) because the mercury emission that causes of mankind's activity is 2000 ~ 3400 tons, and in the coal fired power plant mercury emissions oneself become maximum artificial mercury pollution source.Coal is the main energy sources of China.At present, China is by SO that fire coal produced
2, NO
xAnd CO
2Account for 90%, 70% and 85% of total release respectively.It is estimated that China's year mercury emission roughly is about 500 tons, wherein be about 350 tons to the airborne release amount, also increasing progressively with 4.8% every year, and this makes China facing the mercury pollution severeer than other countries.
The mercury existence form has element state Hg in the coal-fired flue-gas
0, oxidation state Hg
2+With particle Hg
pThree kinds, Hg wherein
2+And Hg
pBe easier to caught simple substance mercury Hg by various Air Pollution Control devices (like flue gas desulfurization, electric cleaner etc.)
0Be difficult to caught by the Air Pollution Control device of routine, the time of staying in atmosphere is 0.5-2, and along with far place is arrived in atmospheric propagation.Research shows, acidic components in the flue gas (particularly HCl, Cl
2) oxidation of element state mercury is had facilitation very doughtily.At present the mercury control technology mainly comprises ore deposit choosing and coal washing, combustion modifications, sorbent injection, dried wet flue gas washing etc.; And adopt that adsorbent (active carbon, flying dust etc.) sprays, flue gas modulation (increasing chlorinity in the flue gas) combines with air pollution control device is one of a kind of very promising coal-fired mercury control technology, but owing to issues limit such as active carbon cost and flue gas modulation techniques this The Application of Technology.
Comparatively speaking, NO in the coal-fired flue-gas
xIt is comparatively ripe to remove technology, mainly contains two big types of combustion modifications and tail flue gas denitrations.The combustion modifications technology mainly comprises low NO
xBurner, air classification burning, fuel staging (fuel fires again), flue gas recirculation etc., the tail flue gas denitration has catalytic reduction method, solution absorption method and absorption method three major types.At present, catalytic reduction method (selective catalytic reduction SCR) and low NO
xBurner is the denitration technology combination of generally adopting, however problems such as the SCR technical combinations exists that investment is big, catalysqt deactivation and operating cost height.
The fuel reburning technology be a kind ofly develop, very promising low NO
xCombustion technology.This technology main feature is that stove internal combustion zone is divided into main combustion zone, reburning zone and burnt zone along furnace height.The fuel of 75%-85% is sent into main combustion zone, form the abundant oxidizing atmosphere (α＞1) of oxygen, the fuel of residue 15%-25% is sent into combustion zone again, forms the reducing atmosphere (α＜1) of anoxic, makes the NO that generates in the winner combustion zone
xIn the reducing atmosphere of reburning zone reduction reaction taking place, forces NO
xBe reduced to N
2, in the burnt zone on top, reburning zone, mend the part air at last, guarantee combustion product completing combustion.Reburning fuel has natural gas, oil, coal dust and living beings etc.Natural gas is best reburning fuel, but because Gas Prices is higher, and reserves are limited, are not suitable for large-scale promotion.Research thinks that the higher fine breeze of volatile matter (like brown coal, bituminous coal) also is a kind of good reburning fuel; But adopt coal dust combustion technology more merely, fineness of pulverized coal is had relatively high expectations (common＜10 μ m), and carbon content of fly ash is bigger; Influence efficiency of combustion, simultaneously its NO
xReduction efficiency is difficult to break through 60% bottleneck.Because biomass carbon has low-sulfur, low nitrogen, high chlorine, burnt active, zero CO of high ash
2Characteristics such as clean discharging, Chinese patent ZL200610098040.X and ZL200710021748.X provide respectively and have utilized NO in living beings and the coal powder recombustion control coal-fired flue-gas
x, pollutant such as mercury method, yet energy density is low, cost of transportation is high because conventional biomass fuel exists, perishable, be difficult to defectives such as grinding, inconvenience storage, limited should technology commercial Application.Under the usual conditions, element mercury (Hg in the coal-fired flue-gas
0) ratio is higher, be difficult to remove in the flue gas processing device of routine mode through flying dust absorption and flue gas washing.Therefore, how biomass fuel is carried out reasonable processing, the one-step optimization combustion process again of going forward side by side is realized NO in the coal-fired flue-gas
xRemoving with uniting of multiple pollutants such as Hg is the problem that needs to be resolved hurrily.
Biomass carbon not only has the characteristics of biomass material, and have that processing cost is low, energy density is high, not perishable, advantage such as be prone to pulverize, can store for a long time, using energy source protect and improve the ecological environment aspect have special advantages.China's biomass resource is abundant, and coal-fired power station boiler quantity is huge, and in the face of the environmental requirement of increasingly stringent, the transformation of boiler combustion system is very urgent.Utilize biomass carbon combustion technology again, not only its improvement cost is low, and can utilize regenerative resource, realizes the double benefit of renewable energy utilization and environmental protection.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to combine the biomass carbon and the characteristics of combustion technology again, provide a kind of utilize biomass carbon to fire again to unite remove NO in the coal-fired flue-gas
xMethod and system with pollutants such as mercury.
In order to realize the foregoing invention purpose, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is following:
The present invention utilizes biomass carbon to fire to unite again and removes NO in the coal-fired flue-gas
xMethod with Hg; Relate generally to the systems such as preparation, burner hearth, heated surface at the end of boiler, flue gas recirculation system and the purification of flue gas afterbody of biomass carbon; May further comprise the steps: in the primary zone, provide the normal operation of boiler required most of bunker coal and air, the NO that generates in the combustion process
xGet in the high-temperature flue gas with the mercury that discharges; The internal combustion biomass carbon fuel in the reburning zone, the NO that generates in the reduction primary zone
x, flue gas recycled is also sent into and is fired spout more simultaneously, with further reduction NO
xIn boiler back end ductwork, utilize the grey burnt acting in conjunction of the chloride flue gas, flying dust and the living beings that produce in the combustion process, oxidation and the mercury that adsorbs in the flue gas capture the flying dust that adsorbs mercury by smoke eliminator (like electric cleaner) at last.
The present invention, is fired and flue gas recirculating technique based on fuel as reburning fuel with biomass carbon again, is reducing NO
xIn the time of discharging, utilize the chlorine (Cl that discharges in the combustion process again
2, HCl) and the living beings ash that generates is burnt realizes NO in the coal-fired flue-gas
xThe purpose that efficiently removes with mercury.
The present invention utilizes biomass carbon to fire to unite again and removes NO in the coal-fired flue-gas
xSystem with Hg; Comprise biomass carbon preparation system, coal dust preparation system, burner hearth combustion system, flue gas recirculation system and tail flue gas cleaning system; The burner hearth combustion system is divided into primary zone, reburning zone and burning-out zone from down to up successively; After the preliminary treatment of coal process grinding machine, be stored in the Pulverized Coal Bin, be connected with the primary zone spout through power transportation pipe; After the preliminary treatment of biomass carbon process grinding machine, be stored in the biomass charcoal powder storehouse, under the conveying of hot blast, be connected with the reburning zone spout through the biomass carbon carrier pipe; The flue gas recycled pipeline links to each other with the reburning zone spout, reduces ignition temperature, reduces oxygen concentration, reduces NO
xGeneration; Hot blast is connected with the burning-out zone spout through hot blast conveying pipe, provides fuel completing combustion required after-flame wind; The flue gas and the flying dust that generate in the boiler furnace internal combustion pass through economizer, air preheater, flue gas dust collecting system and flue gas desulfur device in the back-end ductwork successively; At last, clean flue gas is by smoke stack emission.
The present invention realizes that biomass carbon fires again and jointly controls NO in the coal-fired flue-gas
xWith the theoretical foundation of mercury emissions be:
According to the characteristics of biomass carbon burning in the combustion process again, alkali metal in the biomass carbon ash (like sodium, potassium) is strengthened NH through generating free radical
3The effect of-NO, after-flame is poor when having solved simple coal powder recombustion, NO
xThe problem that percent reduction is low can reduce increasing substantially NO
xReduction efficiency, broken through routine combustion technology NO again
xThe bottleneck of reduction 60%; Secondly through combining flue gas recirculating technique, flue gas recycled is fed the reburning zone, the chilled flue gas of part is sent back to the reburning zone, has reduced ignition temperature and oxygen concentration, has further reduced the formation of nitrogen oxide; The 3rd, chloride (HCl etc.) flue gas that forms in the biomass carbon combustion process again adsorbs the element mercury in the flue gas with active grey burnt oxidation; The Air Pollution Control device of final bonded boiler, the realization biomass carbon fires to unite again and removes NO in the coal-fired flue-gas
xAnd mercury.
As reburning fuel, integrated fuel fires the technical advantage with flue gas recirculation again, has following advantage with biomass carbon in the present invention:
1) reburning fuel calorific value and energy density are high, and cost of transportation is low, are convenient to transportation and storage;
2) preparation of fuel and to fire system architecture simpler, the transformation of main burner and steam generator system is less, and is little to the influence of stove internal combustion, reduced investment, operating cost is low;
3) utilize the formed chloride flue gas of biomass carbon burnt, strengthened NO in biomass carbon and the flue gas with active ash
xWith the interaction of mercury, improved denitrating flue gas and demercuration efficient, can significantly reduce pollutant emissions 70% ~ 80% such as NOx, Hg;
4) can utilize biomass resource on a large scale, realize control CO
2The purpose of discharging.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process chart of biomass carbon preparation among the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that the present invention utilizes biomass carbon to fire to unite again and removes NO in the coal-fired flue-gas
xMethod and system structural representation with Hg.
Specific embodiment
In conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is done further description.
The preparation of biomass carbon can be adopted power station charcoal processing and two kinds of flow processs of on-the-spot charcoal processing, and shown in accompanying drawing 1, the power station charcoal processing is meant biomass fuel is transported to charcoal processing again behind the power station, and on-the-spot charcoal processing is at the scene with being transported to the power station after biomass carbonated again.The main difference of two kinds of flow processs is that the place of living beings charcoal processing is different, and Comparatively speaking, on-the-spot charcoal processing technology not only can improve living beings calorific value and energy density, and is suitable for storing and long distances.Present embodiment adopts on-the-spot charcoal processing, for fed distance biomass fuel far away more economically.
After coal 4 process grinding machines 2 preliminary treatment of station boiler pulverized coal preparation system, be stored in the Pulverized Coal Bin 7, be connected to burner hearth main burner 9 through power transportation pipe 8, spray into burner hearth primary zone 12, its burner can be low NO
xBurner; Biomass carbon reburning fuel 1 is through grinding machine 2, and the thin biomass carbon (granularity is less than 1mm) that grinding is good is stored in the biomass charcoal powder storehouse 3, through biomass carbon carrier pipe 22, is carried by hot blast 1801 and to be transported to reburning fuel spout 6, sprays into burner hearth reburning zone 13; Flue gas recycled pipeline 5 links to each other with reburning zone spout 6, reduces ignition temperature, reduces oxygen concentration, reduces NO
xGeneration; Hot blast 1802 is connected with burning-out zone spout 11 through hot blast conveying pipe 10, provides fuel completing combustion required after-flame wind at burner hearth burning-out zone 14.This programme adopts the biomass carbon bin storage type pulverizing system, can also adopt other alternatives such as unit pulverized-coal system in addition.
Flue gas that generates in burner hearth 15 internal combustion and flying dust are through boiler back end ductwork 16; Flow through successively economizer 17 and air preheater 18, high-temperature flue gas is cooled off fast, at (below 200 ℃) under the suitable temperature; Element mercury is under the interaction of flue gas composition and flying dust in the flue gas; Catalytic oxidation takes place, and then on the absorption fly ash granule, the mercury process flue gas dust collecting system 19 (electric cleaner, bag dedusting) that is adsorbed on the fly ash granule is captured down; Ash free flue gas continues to get into flue gas desulfur device 20 (wet process of FGD, spray-drying flue gas desulfurization etc.) and carries out flue gas desulfurization and the processing of oxidation state mercury, and clean flue gas finally realizes NO in the coal-fired flue-gas by chimney 21 dischargings
x, Hg etc. removes uniting of multiple pollutant.
The invention is characterized in: through the supply of biomass carbon reburning fuel (account for total fuel and supply with 15-25%); Formed the combustion reaction condition of different atmosphere in burner hearth inside; Biomass carbon fuel is at high temperature accomplished pyrolysis rapidly, discharges alkali metal and chlorine etc., forms reducing atmosphere; Strengthen the reduction reaction of NO, forced more NO
xBe reduced into N
2Utilize flue gas recirculating technique, flue gas recycled is sprayed into the reburning zone, reduce ignition temperature, reduce oxygen concentration, reduce NO
xGeneration; Hot blast sprays into burning-out zone, provides fuel completing combustion required after-flame wind.The flue gas of the high chlorine contents that forms in the burning and high activity flying dust, catalytic oxidation and the mercury of absorption in the flue gas in boiler back end ductwork, and then reach through the tail flue gas treating apparatus and to unite the purpose that removes pollutant in the coal-fired flue-gas.
Claims (3)
1. utilize biomass carbon to fire again to unite and remove NO in the coal-fired flue-gas
xSystem with Hg; Comprise biomass carbon preparation system, coal dust preparation system, burner hearth combustion system, flue gas recirculation system and tail flue gas cleaning system; The burner hearth combustion system is divided into primary zone (12), reburning zone (13) and burning-out zone (14) from down to up successively, it is characterized in that, after the preliminary treatment of coal process grinding machine (2); Be stored in the Pulverized Coal Bin (7), be connected with primary zone spout (9) through power transportation pipe (8); After the preliminary treatment of biomass carbon process grinding machine (2), be stored in the biomass charcoal powder storehouse (3), under the conveying of hot blast (1801), be connected with reburning zone spout (6) through biomass carbon carrier pipe (22); Flue gas recycled pipeline (5) links to each other with reburning zone spout (6), reduces ignition temperature, reduces oxygen concentration, reduces NO
xGeneration; Hot blast (1802) is connected with burning-out zone spout (11) through hot blast conveying pipe (10), provides fuel completing combustion required after-flame wind; The flue gas and the flying dust that generate in boiler furnace (15) internal combustion pass through economizer (17), air preheater (18), flue gas dust collecting system (19) and flue gas desulfur device (20) in the back-end ductwork (16) successively; At last, clean flue gas is discharged by chimney (21).
2. utilize the method for the said system of claim 1, may further comprise the steps: in primary zone (12), provide the normal operation of boiler required most of bunker coal and air, the NO that generates in the combustion process
xGet in the high-temperature flue gas with the mercury that discharges; (13) internal combustion biomass carbon fuel in the reburning zone, the NO that generates in the reduction primary zone
x, flue gas recycled is also sent into and is fired spout more simultaneously, with further reduction NO
xIn boiler back end ductwork, utilize the chloride flue gas, flying dust and the burnt acting in conjunction of living beings ash that produce in the combustion process, oxidation and the mercury that adsorbs in the flue gas, the last flying dust that captures absorption mercury by smoke eliminator.
3. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: said smoke eliminator adopts electric cleaner or bag dust collector.
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| CN102620299A (en) * | 2012-04-13 | 2012-08-01 | 南京信业能源科技有限公司 | Cyclone melting device and method for fly ash preheating |
| CN102658026A (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2012-09-12 | 西安交通大学 | Denitration system capable of jetting biomass coke |
| CN102901080A (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2013-01-30 | 山西蓝天环保设备有限公司 | Fine pulverized-coal combustion industrial steam boiler |
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| CN106268279A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-01-04 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of method of denitration of dry-process cement rotary kiln flue gas |
| CN106871111A (en) * | 2017-03-21 | 2017-06-20 | 中国华能集团公司 | A kind of W flame boiler composite denitration system and method |
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| CN113083005A (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-07-09 | 武汉科技大学 | Application of coal-fired process pollutant control based on directional blending of coal ash mineral components |
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Application publication date: 20120229 |