CN102332637A - A dual-polarized multi-system compatible antenna - Google Patents
A dual-polarized multi-system compatible antenna Download PDFInfo
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- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 24
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Abstract
本发明公开一种双极化多系统兼容型天线，其包括上层圆形电容加载金属贴片、单极子金属柱、上层介质基板、第一短路针和第二短路针、环形金属贴片、中间层第一介质基板、L型探针、中间层第二介质基板、金属地板、底层介质基板和底层Wilkinson功分器；Wilkinson功分器连接两个相互正交的L型探针对环形金属贴片进行耦合馈电，环形金属贴片的外边缘为圆形内边缘为椭圆形，调节椭圆长短轴之比，可以调节天线的轴比性能；上层圆形电容加载金属贴片、单极子金属柱、第一短路针和第二短路针电感加载组成一个电容电感加载的单极子的天线，有效减小了天线的尺寸。该天线具有尺寸小、轴比带宽与阻抗带宽大、结构紧凑等特点。
The invention discloses a dual-polarization multi-system compatible antenna, which includes an upper circular capacitively loaded metal patch, a monopole metal post, an upper dielectric substrate, a first short-circuit pin and a second short-circuit pin, an annular metal patch, The first dielectric substrate in the middle layer, the L-shaped probe, the second dielectric substrate in the middle layer, the metal floor, the bottom dielectric substrate and the bottom Wilkinson power splitter; the Wilkinson power splitter connects two mutually orthogonal L-shaped probes to the ring metal The patch is used for coupling and feeding. The outer edge of the ring-shaped metal patch is circular and the inner edge is elliptical. Adjusting the ratio of the long and short axes of the ellipse can adjust the axial ratio performance of the antenna; the upper circular capacitor loads the metal patch, monopole The metal post, the first short-circuit pin and the second short-circuit pin are inductively loaded to form a capacitively inductively loaded monopole antenna, which effectively reduces the size of the antenna. The antenna has the characteristics of small size, large axial ratio bandwidth and impedance bandwidth, and compact structure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to multisystem compatible type reception antenna, particularly can be used for the dual polarization multisystem compatible type reception antenna of satellite navigation and radio communication.
Background technology
Along with the development of radio communication, 3G (Third Generation) Moblie 3G receives people's favor with the characteristics of its high speed data transfer and wideband multimedia service, and it just progressively replaces the main flow that second generation mobile communication becomes the world today.The satellite navigation industry is a national strategy property high-tech industry; Be typical technology-intensive type and service type IT industry; Its development prospect is very wide, and expectation will form the set of the global navigational satellite system of GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO and Beidou satellite navigation system fusion in five to ten years from now on.
Development along with wireless communication system and each navigation system; Multisystem and deposit, multimode merges paces and will further accelerate, therefore, exploitation is the application technology of compatible above-mentioned wireless communication system and satellite navigation system simultaneously; The realization multimode merges, and is the inexorable trend of communications industry development.
But, design the technological difficulties that there are following several respects in multisystem compatible type antenna at present:
1, the technology of axial ratio/impedance bandwidth
Axial ratio/the impedance bandwidth of circular polarized antenna is important performance index of antenna, and the method that traditional single feedback microstrip antenna utilizes perturbation to produce circularly polarised wave can't reach the axial ratio/impedance bandwidth of broad, so can not satisfy the compatible demand of multisystem.
2, miniaturization technology
Miniaturization technology is a great problem in the multisystem compatible type Antenna Design.No matter from the electrical property aspect, still from the mechanical dimension aspect, miniaturization technology all is indispensable.
3, antenna gain enhancement techniques
Satellite navigation and location systems such as the Big Dipper, GPS and GLONASS require antenna not only to have very wide beam area, also require antenna to have higher gain.In order to reach this requirement, at first to improve the impedance matching of port, guarantee that radiofrequency signal can each antenna element of feed-in, reduce the signal energy that reflects back.On the basis that guarantees the port matched well, also to improve the radiation efficiency of antenna, the signal of feed antenna can be launched fully, reduce the energy loss in the antenna element, comprise dielectric loss, metal loss etc.
4, dual polarization technology
Along with the development of radio communication, the linear polarized antenna in the mobile communication and the circular polarized antenna in the satellite navigation system combined becomes a kind of trend.Mostly prior art is combining of circular polarization and circular polarized antenna, and combining of linear polarization and circular polarized antenna is very few for it.
5, dual-port isolation technology
The interport isolation of dual-port antenna is an important indicator, and the isolation that how to improve between the two-port is the difficult point in the Antenna Design.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming of prior art; Provide a kind of can compatible a plurality of satellite navigations and the dual polarization multisystem compatible type antenna of navigation system and wireless communication system, and realize performances such as good impedance bandwidth, axial ratio bandwidth, gain and small size.
The present invention through power splitter and L type probe to endless metal paster metal quadrature coupling feed; Realized the circular polarized antenna performance, the impedance bandwidth of its antenna, axial ratio bandwidth and gain bandwidth have all contained four frequency ranges of three GPSs such as Big Dipper B1, GPS L1, Big Dipper B1-2 and GLONASS L1; Monopole antenna through capacitor and inductor loads has been realized the linear polarized antenna performance, makes to have impedance bandwidth and gain preferably in the B frequency range (2010MHz-2025MHz) of TD-SCDMA; Have characteristics such as miniaturization, compact conformation in addition.
The object of the invention is realized through following technical scheme:
A kind of dual polarization multisystem compatible type antenna comprises the circular capacitive load metal patch in upper strata, monopole metal column, upper layer medium substrate, the first short circuit pin, the second short circuit pin, endless metal paster, intermediate layer first medium substrate, a L type probe, the 2nd L type probe, intermediate layer second medium substrate, metal floor, bottom medium substrate and bottom Wilkinson power splitter; The circular capacitive load metal patch in upper strata is attached to the upper surface of upper layer medium substrate, and the endless metal paster is attached to the upper surface of intermediate layer first medium substrate; The rectangle metal patch of the one L type probe is attached to the upper surface of intermediate layer second medium substrate, and metal floor and bottom Wilkinson power splitter are respectively attached to the upper surface and the lower surface of bottom medium substrate; Upper layer medium substrate, intermediate layer first medium substrate, intermediate layer second medium substrate and bottom medium substrate bond together from top to bottom successively; The monopole metal upper end connects the circular capacitive load metal patch in upper strata, and the lower end is connected with feed port after passing the circular borehole on All Media substrate and the metal floor; The first short circuit pin links to each other with the circular capacitive load metal patch in second short circuit pin upper end and upper strata, and the lower end links to each other with metal floor.
In above-mentioned a kind of dual polarization multisystem compatible type antenna, a L type probe is formed the long limit of L type by the rectangle metal patch, the minor face of short metal column composing type, and the second type probe is identical with a L type probe structure.
In above-mentioned a kind of dual polarization multisystem compatible type antenna, the axis of monopole metal column, the first short circuit pin, the second short circuit pin and the 2nd L type probe is in same plane, and this plane is with the medium substrate five equilibrium; The plane at the plane at the axis place of the first type probe and the axis place of the 2nd L type probe, and intersection is the axis of monopole metal column; The upper end of the short metal column of the one L type probe links to each other with the rectangle metal patch of L type probe; The circular borehole that the lower end is passed on the metal floor links to each other with the end of first low-impedance line of Wilkinson power splitter, and the 2nd L type probe links to each other with the end of second low-impedance line of Wilkinson power splitter.
In above-mentioned a kind of dual polarization multisystem compatible type antenna, described endless metal paster outward flange is circular, and inward flange is oval.
In above-mentioned a kind of dual polarization multisystem compatible type antenna; Described bottom Wilkinson power splitter comprises first low-impedance line, second low-impedance line, the 3rd low-impedance line, high resistant line and Chip-R; The 3rd low-impedance line links to each other with the middle part of high resistant line; Other two sections of the high resistant line link to each other with an end of first low-impedance line and second low-impedance line respectively, and the other end of first low-impedance line connects a L type probe, and the other end of second low-impedance line connects the 2nd L type probe.The electrical length of second low-impedance line is than the big quarter-wave of electrical length of first low-impedance line.The characteristic impedance of high resistant line is that the characteristic impedance of first low-impedance line, second low-impedance line and the 3rd low-impedance line is z
0 
Doubly, the impedance of Chip-R is characteristic impedance z
02 times.
In above-mentioned a kind of dual polarization multisystem compatible type antenna; The circular capacitive load metal patch in described upper strata and monopole metal, the one the second short circuit pins have been formed the monopole antenna of capacitor and inductor loading, and the axis of monopole metal, the one the second short circuit pins is in same plane.
In above-mentioned a kind of dual polarization multisystem compatible type antenna, three metal boreholes are arranged on the described metal floor, supply the metal column of monopole metal and two mutually orthogonal L type probes to pass respectively.
In above-mentioned a kind of dual polarization multisystem compatible type antenna, a described L type probe and the 2nd L type probe are mutually orthogonal, and the reception amplitude is identical, the signal of 90 ° of phase phasic differences is to endless metal paster metal coupling feed.
In above-mentioned a kind of dual polarization multisystem compatible type antenna; Described middle level first medium substrate, intermediate layer second medium substrate have identical dielectric constant with the bottom medium substrate, and the permittivity ratio middle level first medium substrate dielectric constant of upper layer medium substrate is low.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage and technique effect:
(1) said antenna by using power splitter, L type probe are expanded axial ratio bandwidth and impedance bandwidth to the structure of endless metal paster coupling feed.
(2) the endless metal paster outward flange of said antenna is circular, and inward flange be oval, changes the axial ratio performance that long axis of ellipse and the ratio of minor axis can be regulated antenna, has increased the degree of freedom of axial ratio adjusting.
(3) the monopole metal connects upper strata capacitive load metal patch, and is connected to ground through two short circuit pins, has increased the capacitor and inductor coupling, thereby forms the monopole antenna that capacitor and inductor loads, and has reduced the size of monopole antenna effectively.
(3) antenna adopts power splitter and antenna duplexer floor, effectively reduces the thickness of antenna, makes more compact structure.
(4) said antenna may be simultaneously operated in B1 frequency range (1561.098MHz), the B1-2 frequency range (1589.742MHz) of the Chinese Big Dipper two generations system; The L1 of GPS of USA system frequency range (1575.42MHz), the L1 frequency range (1602.56-1615.50MHz) of European GLONASS and the B frequency range (2010MHz-2025MHz) of TD-SCDMA.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of dual polarization multisystem compatible type antenna structure view.
Fig. 2 is a kind of dual polarization multisystem compatible type antenna structure vertical view.
Fig. 3 is the sketch map of the circular capacitive load metal patch in upper strata.
Fig. 4 is an endless metal paster sketch map.
Fig. 5 is the metal floor sketch map.
Fig. 6 is a bottom Wilkinson power splitter sketch map.
Fig. 7 is an isolation sketch map between return loss and the two-port of circular polarization frequency range.
Fig. 8 is the axial ratio sketch map of circular polarization frequency range.
Fig. 9 is the curve of the gain of circular polarization frequency range with frequency change.
Figure 10 is an isolation between return loss and the two-port of linear polarization frequency range.
Figure 11 is the curve of the gain of linear polarization frequency range with frequency change.
Figure 12 a is that antenna is the E face directional diagram of 2.01GHz in frequency.
Figure 12 b is that antenna is the H face directional diagram of 2.01GHz in frequency.
Figure 12 c is that antenna is the E face directional diagram of 2.015GHz in frequency.
Figure 12 d is that antenna is the H face directional diagram of 2.015GHz in frequency.
Figure 12 e is that antenna is the E face directional diagram of 2.025GHz in frequency.
Figure 12 f is that antenna is the H face directional diagram of 2.025GHz in frequency.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing enforcement of the present invention is elaborated, but the protection range that the present invention requires is not limited to following execution mode.
Shown in Fig. 1,2a, 2b; A kind of dual polarization multisystem compatible type antenna, it comprises the circular capacitive load metal patch in upper strata 2, monopole metal column 1, upper layer medium substrate 16, the first short circuit pin 3, the second short circuit pin 4, endless metal paster 5, intermediate layer first medium substrate 17, a L type probe 6, the 2nd L type probe 7, intermediate layer second medium substrate 18, metal floor 15, bottom medium substrate 19 and bottom Wilkinson power splitter; The circular capacitive load metal patch 2 in upper strata is attached to the upper surface of upper layer medium substrate 16, and endless metal paster 5 is at the upper surface attached to intermediate layer first medium substrate 17; The rectangle metal patch 6a of the one L type probe 6 is attached to the upper surface of intermediate layer second medium substrate 18, and metal floor 15 and bottom Wilkinson power splitter are respectively attached to the upper surface and the lower surface of bottom medium substrate 19; Upper layer medium substrate 16, intermediate layer first medium substrate 17, intermediate layer second medium substrate 18 and bottom medium substrate 19 bond together from top to bottom successively; Monopole metal 1 upper end connects the circular capacitive load metal patch 2 in upper strata, and the circular borehole 9 (like Fig. 5) that the lower end is passed on All Media substrate and the metal floor 15 is connected with feed port afterwards; The first short circuit pin 3 links to each other with the circular capacitive load metal patch 2 in the second short circuit pin, 4 upper ends and upper strata, and the lower end links to each other with metal floor 15; The one L type probe 6 is formed the long limit of L type by rectangle metal patch 6a, and short metal column 6b forms the minor face of L type, and the 2nd L type probe 7 is identical with a L type probe 6 structures; The axis of monopole metal column 1, the first short circuit pin 3, the second short circuit pin 4 and the 2nd L type probe 7 is in same plane, and this plane is with the medium substrate five equilibrium; The plane at the plane at the axis place of the one L type probe and the axis place of the 2nd L type probe 7, and intersection is the axis of monopole metal column 1; The upper end of the short metal column 6b of the one L type probe 6 links to each other with the rectangle metal patch 6a of L type probe; The circular borehole 8 that the lower end is passed on the metal floor links to each other with the end of first low-impedance line 10 of Wilkinson power splitter, and the 2nd L type probe 7 links to each other with the end of second low-impedance line 11 of Wilkinson power splitter.
Like Fig. 6, bottom Wilkinson power splitter is made up of first low-impedance line 10, second low-impedance line 11, the 3rd low-impedance line 14, high resistant line 12 and Chip-R 13.The 3rd low-impedance line 14 links to each other with the middle part of high resistant line 12; Other two sections of high resistant line 12 link to each other with the end of first low-impedance line 10 with second low-impedance line 11 respectively; The other end that the other end of first low-impedance line 10 connects a L type probe 6, the second low-impedance lines 11 connects the 2nd L type probe 7.The electrical length of second low-impedance line 11 is than the big quarter-wave of electrical length of first low-impedance line 10; Can produce like this that amplitude is identical, the signal of 90 ° of phase phasic differences; Through two mutually orthogonal L type probes endless metal paster 5 is carried out feed, thereby form circular polarized antenna.The characteristic impedance of high resistant line 12 is that the characteristic impedance of first low-impedance line 10, second low-impedance line 11 and the 3rd low-impedance line 14 is z
0Do
Doubly, the impedance of Chip-R 13 is characteristic impedance z
02 times.So just can make the input and the output of Wilkinson power splitter insert and Low ESR microstrip line characteristic impedance z
0Mate fully during the load that equates.
As shown in Figure 3; Upper strata circle capacitive load metal patch 2, monopole metal column 1, the first short circuit pin 3 and the second short circuit pin, 4 inductance load forms the monopole antenna that a capacitor and inductor loads; Upper strata capacitive load metal patch 2 has increased capacitive coupling; The first short circuit pin 3 is connected upper strata capacitive load metal patch 2 has increased inductance coupling high with the second short circuit pin 4 with metal floor 15, thereby has effectively reduced the size of antenna.The diameter of two short circuit pins is greater than the diameter of monopole metal 1, and the diameter of regulating two short circuit pins can the control capacittance inductance loads the impedance bandwidth of monopole antenna.
Bottom Wilkinson power splitter and antenna duplexer metal floor 15 reduce antenna volume effectively, make structure compact more.
Middle level first medium substrate 17, intermediate layer second medium substrate 18 are identical with the dielectric constant of bottom medium substrate 19, and permittivity ratio middle level first medium substrate, 17 dielectric constants of upper layer medium substrate 16 are low.Upper layer medium substrate 16 adopts than low-k, can improve the isolation performance of antenna.
The result that above execution mode obtains after implementing such as Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Figure 10, Figure 11 and shown in Figure 12.As can beappreciated from fig. 7 at Big Dipper B1, B1-2, GPS L1; In 1.55～1.615GHz frequency range at GLONASS L1 place, return loss S11＜-15dB, isolation S21＜-30dB; Can see that from Fig. 8 axial ratio AR＜2dB in above-mentioned frequency band can see in 1.55～1.615GHz frequency band from Fig. 9; Gain G ain＞2dB, the maximum of gain is 5dB at 1.58GHz.As can beappreciated from fig. 10 return loss is less than-10dB when 2～2.035GHz for frequency, and return loss is less than-15dB in 2.01～2.025GHz frequency range, and isolation is all the time less than-15dB.Can find out that from Figure 12 a～Figure 12 f antenna realized good linear polarization in the frequency range of TD-SCDMA.Impedance bandwidth, axial ratio bandwidth and the gain bandwidth of this explanation antenna have covered Big Dipper B1/B1-2, and frequency ranges such as GPS L1 and GLONASS L1 have realized the combination of circular polarization and linear polarized antenna, and made antenna in above-mentioned frequency range, have good performance.
Claims (9)
1. multisystem compatible type antenna is characterized in that comprising the circular capacitive load metal patch in upper strata, monopole metal column, upper layer medium substrate, the first short circuit pin, the second short circuit pin, endless metal paster, intermediate layer first medium substrate, a L type probe, the 2nd L type probe, intermediate layer second medium substrate, metal floor, bottom medium substrate and bottom Wilkinson power splitter; The circular capacitive load metal patch in upper strata is attached to the upper surface of upper layer medium substrate, and the endless metal paster is attached to the upper surface of intermediate layer first medium substrate; The rectangle metal patch of the one L type probe is attached to the upper surface of intermediate layer second medium substrate, and metal floor and bottom Wilkinson power splitter are respectively attached to the upper surface and the lower surface of bottom medium substrate; Upper layer medium substrate, intermediate layer first medium substrate, intermediate layer second medium substrate and bottom medium substrate bond together from top to bottom successively; The monopole metal upper end connects the circular capacitive load metal patch in upper strata, and the lower end is connected with feed port after passing the circular borehole on All Media substrate and the metal floor; The first short circuit pin links to each other with the circular capacitive load metal patch in second short circuit pin upper end and upper strata, and the lower end links to each other with metal floor.
2. a kind of dual polarization multisystem compatible type antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that a L type probe forms the long limit of L type by the rectangle metal patch, the minor face of short metal column composing type, and the second type probe is identical with a L type probe structure.
3. a kind of dual polarization multisystem compatible type antenna according to claim 1, the axis that it is characterized in that monopole metal column, the first short circuit pin, the second short circuit pin and the 2nd L type probe is in same plane, and this plane is with the medium substrate five equilibrium; The plane at the plane at the axis place of the first type probe and the axis place of the 2nd L type probe, and intersection is the axis of monopole metal column; The upper end of the short metal column of the one L type probe links to each other with the rectangle metal patch of L type probe; The circular borehole that the lower end is passed on the metal floor links to each other with the end of first low-impedance line of Wilkinson power splitter, and the 2nd L type probe links to each other with the end of second low-impedance line of Wilkinson power splitter.
4. a kind of dual polarization multisystem compatible type antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that described endless metal paster outward flange for circular, and inward flange is oval.
5 according to claim 1, wherein a multi-system compatible dual polarized antenna, wherein the bottom of the Wilkinson power divider comprises a first low impedance line, second low-impedance line, a third low-impedance line, Z lines and chip resistors, a third low-impedance line and the high impedance line is connected to the middle, the other two high-impedance line with the first low impedance line and the second low-impedance line connected to one end, a first low impedance line The other end connected to the first L-shaped probe, a second low-impedance line connected to the other end of the second L-probe; second low impedance line of electrical length than the first low impedance line electrical length of a quarter wavelength large ; impedance characteristic impedance of the line for the first low impedance line a second low impedance line and a third low-impedance line characteristic impedance
of
times, SMD resistor impedance characteristic impedance
2 times.
6. a kind of dual polarization multisystem compatible type antenna according to claim 1; It is characterized in that the circular capacitive load metal patch in described upper strata and monopole metal, the one the second short circuit pins have formed the monopole antenna of capacitor and inductor loading, the axis of monopole metal, the one the second short circuit pins is in same plane.
7. a kind of dual polarization multisystem compatible type antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that three metal boreholes are arranged on the described metal floor, supplies the metal column of monopole metal and two mutually orthogonal L type probes to pass respectively.
8. a kind of dual polarization multisystem compatible type antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that: a described L type probe and the 2nd L type probe are mutually orthogonal, and the reception amplitude is identical, the signal of 90 ° of phase phasic differences is to endless metal paster metal coupling feed.
9. according to each described a kind of dual polarization multisystem compatible type antenna of claim 1 ~ 8; It is characterized in that: described middle level first medium substrate, intermediate layer second medium substrate have identical dielectric constant with the bottom medium substrate, and the permittivity ratio middle level first medium substrate dielectric constant of upper layer medium substrate is low.
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