CN102331793A - Method for scheduling heliostat field in tower solar thermal power station - Google Patents
Method for scheduling heliostat field in tower solar thermal power station Download PDFInfo
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- CN102331793A CN102331793A CN201110202306A CN201110202306A CN102331793A CN 102331793 A CN102331793 A CN 102331793A CN 201110202306 A CN201110202306 A CN 201110202306A CN 201110202306 A CN201110202306 A CN 201110202306A CN 102331793 A CN102331793 A CN 102331793A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for scheduling a heliostat field in a tower solar thermal power station. In the method, an open-closed loop combined control mode is adopted; in open loop control, the control direction and position of a heliostat are computed in real time according to the running rule of the sun, the latitude and longitude of the heliostat as well as the geometric relationship between the positions of the heliostat and a heat absorber; and in closed loop control, a target position corresponding to each heliostat is determined through a closed loop sensor, and the heliostat is accurately tracked according to a real-time angle value of the heliostat fed back by the closed loop sensor, so that the energy-flux density of the heliostat field is homogenized and scheduled. According to the method, automatic homogenizing and scheduling of the energy-flux density projection of the heliostat field are realized, and the defects of poor energy-flux density homogenizing effect and unavailable self-correction caused by a large tracking error existing in open loop control are overcome effectively; and moreover, the method is easy to implement and is convenient to operate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the heliostat field dispatching method in a kind of tower type solar energy thermal power generation station, be specifically related to a kind of heliostat field dispatching method that adopts the open-close loops to close control.
Background technology
The heliostat crowd that the heliostat field is made up of numerous heliostats; It is the important component part at tower type solar energy thermal power generation station; Be used for low-density solar radiant energy is collected and projected in the heat dump of assigned address, thereby realize the photo-thermal conversion in tower power station with heat dump.
The common tracking control of heliostat is divided into open loop control, closed-loop control and open-close loops and closes three kinds of controls, and at present, open loop control mode is adopted in the tower power station of abroad having founded a capital basically.Open loop control (crying programmed control again) is according to parameter and geometric relationships thereof such as sun moving law, heliostat position (longitude and latitude) and heat dump positions, calculates the control direction and the position of heliostat through program.The advantage of this type of control is to follow the tracks of fast, be easy to the Centralized Monitoring of large-scale Jing Chang, and shortcoming is to have cumulative errors in the heliostat tracing process, and self can't eliminate, difficult the correction.Owing to receive the influence of cumulative errors, the heliostat tracking accuracy is difficult to improve, and along with the long-time running of heliostat, tracking accuracy constantly descends.Closed-loop control (crying sensor control again) is the position of adopting sensor or perception sunshine or heat dump, thereby control heliostat topworks moves, and reaches the effect of accurate gathering sunshine.This type control has effectively overcome open loop and has controlled the shortcoming that cumulative errors is arranged, and simple in structure, and tracking accuracy obtains bigger raising.But its shortcoming is also obvious: when photovalve does not receive sunshine in the long period section, can cause the tracker control fails.It is the heliostat automatic switchover that between open loop control and closed-loop control, chooses the right moment that the open-close loops closes control, thereby has combined the advantage of open loop control and closed-loop control.Open loop is located heliostat fast, and can implement tracking Control in the dark clouds sky; Closed loop can realize the accurate tracking of heliostat, and eliminates cumulative errors.
Tower power station all has large-scale heliostat field, and be example with tower demonstration and the commercial power station of having built up in the world: European Community EURELIOS power station has 182 32 m
2Heliostat, the mirror field total area is 6200 m
2There are 624 121 m in Spain PS10 power station
2Heliostat, the mirror field total area is 75504 m
21926 heliostats in U.S. Solar Two power station, the mirror field total area is 82980 m
2There are 12000 1 m in the power station that U.S. Esolar company builds
2Heliostat, the mirror field total area reaches 12000 m
2The heliostat field that these are large-scale; If all heliostats are all aimed at the heat dump central point when following the tracks of operation; When solar irradiation intensity is higher; To cause heat dump local overheating, the energy flux density serious unequal problem that distributes, this is unfavorable for normal, the steady operation of heat dump, when serious even cause heat dump to burn.
To above problem; U.S. Sandia National Laboratories national laboratories research report " A User ' s Manual for DELSOL3:A Computer Code for Calculating the Optical Performance and Optimal System Design for Solar Thermal Central Receiver Plants " proposes on the heat dump receiving plane, to be provided with some impact points; Numerous heliostats are aimed at the different target point respectively, to reach the effect of heat dump receiving plane energy flux density homogenizing.Document " Assessment of the Real-time Receiver Excess-Flux-Density Protection Software at Solar Two " (the 8th international solar energy utilization technique Conference Papers collection) has been introduced U.S. Solar Two power station and has been adopted static object disposal system SAPS (Static Aim Processing System) and dynamic object disposal system DAPS (Dynamic Aim Processing System) to control the ability distributions on the heat dump.SAPS is used to calculate the relative displacement of every heliostat, and DAPS then is used for handling input, the output temperature of heat dump, and calculates the energy flux density distribution on heat dump surface.According to the enthalpy parameter of fused salt, DAPS can estimate the temperature at each node place on the heat-absorbent surface, obtains the maximum energy flux density value at each node place again according to the flow velocity of fused salt
FEnergy flux density value with reality
fWith
FRelatively, if the energy flux density value at certain node place
f>
F, find out then in all heliostats that project this some place that to produce energy flux density maximum, it is removed, to distribute until the energy flux density on the heat dump drop in the safe range.Document " Heuristic Knowledge-based Heliostat Field Control for the Optimization of the Temperature Distribution in a Volumetric Receiver " (1999 the 66th phases of Solar Energy) has been introduced the energy flux density control method in Spain CESA-1 power station; It is controlled energy flux density and distributes through the deviate of maximum temperature and minimum temperature on the control heat dump.It is divided into 5 groups with all heliostats; Project respectively on the heat dump receiving plane on 5 impact points by certain regular distribution; Record the real time temperature at each impact point place through the thermopair that is distributed in the heat dump back side; The temperature threshold values of setting in the difference homologous ray with " high temperature " and " low temperature " compares, and confirms the impact point position of a certain or several heliostats according to comparative result.
Although dispatching method has separately all been set up in the heliostat field of above open loop control mode, be directed against the heliostat field that the open-close loops closes control mode, but there is not the related patent U.S. Patent No. of dispatching method open.And still having following problem for above disclosed dispatching method: there is big tracking error in heliostat open loop control, thereby does not cause energy flux density homogenizing dispatching effect good and self can't revise; Heat dump receiving plane energy flux density distribution situation is observed and calculated to supervisory control comuter, and calculate the mobile azimuth-range of heliostat in real time, possibly cause the new heat spot of on hot spot mobile route generation or cause maloperation.
Summary of the invention
To the objective of the invention is the defective that exists in the prior art in order solving, to provide a kind of and can effectively control the energy flux density homogenising that the heliostat field produces, the heliostat field dispatching method that is applied to the control of open-close ring.
In order to achieve the above object; The invention provides the heliostat field dispatching method in a kind of tower type solar energy thermal power generation station; This method adopts the open-close loops to close control mode, control direction and position that open loop control is calculated heliostat in real time through sun moving law, heliostat longitude and latitude of living in, heliostat and heat dump geometry of position relation; Closed-loop control earlier confirms that through closed-loop sensors each heliostat should corresponding target location, and the real-time angle value of heliostat according to the closed-loop sensors feedback carries out the accurate tracking of heliostat again, thereby the energy flux density of heliostat field is carried out the homogenizing scheduling; Said each heliostat answers definite method of corresponding target location to be: the heat dump receiving plane in said solar energy thermal-power-generating station is set some impact points; According to multiple target point homogenizing adjustment principle and multiple target point homogenizing algorithm; Make the selected corresponding heliostat crowd of each impact point, thereby confirm that each heliostat should corresponding target location.
Further improvement of the present invention is: in some impact points that the heat dump receiving plane is set, be in the center or be the big heliostat of flare near the corresponding heliostat crowd of the impact point of center; The heliostat that all the other impact points are corresponding is mined massively and is selected with multiple target point homogenizing algorithm, and guarantees that all hot spots all drop in the receiving plane.The mathematical model of multiple target point homogenizing algorithm is expressed from the next:
In the formula:
XBe decision space;
nBe the heliostat number;
F(
X) be object space,
Be the sub-goal function;
kFor the target of the setting on the heat dump receiving plane is counted,
X k Be
kThe decision space that individual impact point is corresponding;
R Xi Be
x i The flare size of platform heliostat;
dFor the outermost impact point apart from the heat dump distance.
Closed-loop sensors is a photovalve, preferred light battery sensor, camera or imager; Said closed-loop sensors can be installed on corresponding heliostat catoptron the place ahead, catoptron limit, catoptron rear or hang with respect to mirrored side.
The impact point of setting on the heat dump receiving plane comprises the centrales punctuate and is distributed in centrales punctuate impact point on every side; Impact point is triangle or polygon after connecting around said.
The present invention compares prior art and has following advantage: the closed-loop control of sensor makes heliostat reach high precision tracking, has the shortcoming that the energy flux density homo-effect that causes than big tracking error is not good and can't self revise thereby effectively overcome the open loop control of heliostat field; Utilize multiple target point homogenizing algorithm to obtain the corresponding heliostat crowd of each impact point and fixing each heliostat closed-loop sensors position, thereby the scheduling of the homogenizing of Jing Chang need not human intervention, can realize automatic homogenizing scheduling; The present invention realizes simply, is convenient to operation, has avoided supervisory control comuter to calculate control failure or maloperation that heliostat displacement causes in real time, and is very easy to utilize.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the heliostat field of employing dispatching method control of the present invention and the structural representation of heat dump.
Fig. 2 is the multiple target point set-up mode of heat dump receiving plane among Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the implementing procedure figure of multiple target point homogenizing algorithm.
Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 are the design sketch of a kind of embodiment of this dispatching method, are three typical case's moment selecting respectively in one day: 10 o'clock mornings, at 12 o'clock at noon and at 15 o'clock in afternoon, the energy flux density analogous diagram on the heat dump receiving plane.
Fig. 7 is after adopting heliostat of the present invention field dispatching method to implement, 10 o'clock mornings of day in the Spring Equinox in 2010 (March 21), the energy flux density analogous diagram on the heat dump receiving plane.
Fig. 8 is after adopting heliostat of the present invention field dispatching method to implement, at 15 o'clock in afternoon day in the Autumnal Equinox in 2010 (September 23), the energy flux density analogous diagram on the heat dump receiving plane.
Among the figure, the S-sunlight vector, N-heliostat catoptron normal vector, T-reflected light vector, the 1-heliostat, 2-heliostat topworks, 3-heliostat catoptron, the 4-closed-loop sensors, the 5-heat dump, 6-heat dump receiving plane, 7-receives tower.
Embodiment
The present invention will be described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 shows in the tower type solar energy thermal power generation station; Whole heliostat field is made up of numerous heliostat 1; The heliostat tracking control unit drive heliostat topworks 2 realize heliostats 1 two degree of freedom (such as; Position angle and elevation angle, or two pitch angle) on the location follow the tracks of, heliostat topworks 2 can comprise drive units such as motor, hydraulic mechanism.Heat dump 5 places and receives tower 7 tops, and heat dump 5 can comprise boiler, fused salt system, the thermochemical reactor that is used for driving steam turbine work, the equipment that is used to carry out the photo-thermal conversion or collects solar radiant energy.Heat dump receiving plane 6 is the heat dump surface, is used for the reception and the absorption of solar radiant energy, and its form can be plane or curved surface.Heliostat catoptron 3 turns to sunlight vector S into reflected light vector T, reflexes to heat dump receiving plane 6.Closed-loop sensors 4 is used for the closed loop of heliostat and precisely follows the tracks of; Its form can be photovalves such as photoelectric cell sensor, camera, imager; The installation site is not limited to shown in the legend; In other embodiments, can be positioned over heliostat catoptron the place ahead, catoptron limit, catoptron rear or hang with respect to mirrored side.The closed-loop sensors 4 of two heliostats is in alignment with the point of the different target on the heat dump receiving plane 6 among the figure.
According to the shape and size of heat dump receiving plane 6, on heat dump receiving plane 6, set by certain rule
kIndividual impact point.Fig. 2 is a kind of setting means of receiving plane impact point, 3 * 3 array distribution.Among the figure, K
0Point is receiving plane central point, K
1, K
2, K
3, K
4, K
5, K
6, K
7, K
8Point is square profile around central point.Multiple target point number and layout on the receiving plane are not limited to shown in the legend, and the impact point number can be individual arbitrarily, and arrangement form is can form triangle or polygon after multiple target point connects.According to multiple target point homogenizing adjustment principle and multiple target point homogenizing algorithm, make the selected corresponding heliostat crowd of each impact point, thereby confirm that each heliostat closed-loop sensors should corresponding target location.During the practical implementation of multiple target point, its homogenizing adjustment principle is: the heliostat that flare is big is aimed at receiving plane central point K among Fig. 2
0Or near central point K
0, all the other heliostats adopt multiple target point homogenizing algorithm difference centering adjustment point each impact point (K all around
1, K
2, K
3, K
4, K
5, K
6, K
7, K
8), and guarantee that all hot spots all drop in the receiving plane, and each impact point uniform distribution energy flux density, thus make the energy flux density peak value of each impact point as far as possible little.
In conjunction with Fig. 3, the idiographic flow of above-mentioned multiple target point homogenizing algorithm is:
Set up multiple target point homogenizing mathematical model (step 8):
(1)
In the formula:
XBe decision space;
nBe the heliostat number;
F(
X) be object space,
Being the sub-goal function, is conflicting between them, and the improvement of a sub-target capabilities may cause the reduction of other sub-goal performance, does not therefore exist
XMake all sub-goal functions
Obtain minimum value simultaneously;
kFor the target on the receiving plane is counted,
X k Be
kThe decision space that individual impact point is corresponding;
R Xi Be
x i The flare size of platform heliostat;
dFor the outermost impact point apart from the heat dump distance.
According to above mathematical model, multi-objective optimization question is converted into the single goal optimization problem, and then carries out finding the solution of multiple target point homogenizing algorithm.
Step 9-10 when multi-objective optimization question is converted into the single goal optimization problem, the mode that has adopted ideal point method, hierarchical sequence method and weight and method to combine.Right
kIndividual objective function provides desired value respectively
,
, then object vector can be expressed as
,
Just an ideal point generally can not reach, but in solution procedure, can hope that resulting target function value is approaching as much as possible
When each impact point carries out layering,, think impact point K according to multiple target point homogenizing adjustment principle
0Be cruces, the importance of all the other impact points is determined by weight coefficient.Among the step 11-12, the
nThe platform heliostat projects the luminous energy of heat dump receiving plane
P n Can be calculated by formula (2) and try to achieve, its energy flux density distributes and can be calculated by formula (3).
In the formula:
P n (
t) do
tMoment heliostat
nThe projection light energy, (MWh);
DNI(
t) be solar irradiance, (MWh/m
2);
SBe heliostat area, m
2 
Be cosine efficient;
Be the heliostat reflectivity, by material, the manufacturing processing technic of catoptron, and the decision of factor such as surface cleanness degree, be constant at short notice;
Be heliostat shade, eclipsing loss;
Be atmospheric transmissivity;
For overflowing loss.
In the formula:
f n (
t) be
nThe platform heliostat
tThe energy flux density of throwing constantly, (MWh/m
2);
Be heliostat
nFacula area, m
2 
can be measured by Theoretical Calculation or IMAQ.
Heat dump receiving plane energy flux density distribution situation can be expressed as by
:
In the formula:
NBe the total platform number of heliostat.
With
as desired value
, i.e.
.
Among the step 13-14, the heliostat that hot spot is bigger is as impact point K
0Search volume (choosing preceding 20% heliostat that hot spot sorts from big to small here), adopt genetic algorithm for solving impact point K
0Optimum solution.The fitness function of genetic algorithm can be expressed as:
In the formula:
pBe penalty term, can be expressed as:
In the formula,
is penalty rate.
Among the step 15-16, with impact point K
0Unchecked heliostat adopts the ideal point method structure evaluation function that has weight coefficient as the search volume of all the other impact points, and evaluation function is expressed as:
Ideal point method is to seek evaluation function
h(
x) minimum value, promptly
W j Be weight coefficient,
When certain weight coefficient setting was big, then the energy flux density of its corresponding impact point was easier near ideal value.Remove impact point K
0Outward, other 8 impact points are treated on an equal basis, so select
Among the step 17-18, adopt genetic algorithm for solving impact point K
1～K
8Optimum solution, fitness function is expressed as:
Like following formula, the individuality that fitness value is big more is an excellent individual.
Through above algorithm and flow process, confirmed the corresponding heliostat crowd of each impact point.
Multiple target point homogenizing algorithm is not limited to the described practical implementation flow process of legend, and above-mentioned genetic algorithm can be substituted by some optimization methods: as Improving Genetic Algorithm, genetic algorithm combine with other optimized Algorithm, other optimized Algorithm or combination.
Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 are three typical case's moment (10 o'clock, 12 o'clock and 15 o'clock) of selecting certain day (summer solstice in 2010), behind employing multiple target point homogenizing algorithm, and the receiving plane energy flux density distribution situation of heat dump.Setting the heat dump receiving plane is 11 m
11 m are according to the arrangement of impact point among Fig. 2 embodiment, then impact point K
0～K
8Coordinate be followed successively by [0,0], [3,3], [0,3], [3,3], [3,0], [3,0], [3 ,-3], [0 ,-3], [3 ,-3].(solar irradiance DNI is set at 1 kW/m to carry out the emulation of energy flux density homogenizing at 10 o'clock, 12 o'clock, 15 o'clock of selection summer solstice in 2010 (June 22) below
2).If the Pareto optimal solution set of 10 o'clock, 12 o'clock, 15 o'clock energy flux density homogenizing is respectively
X 1 * ,
X 2 * ,
X 3 * , the heliostat crowd's that then each impact point is corresponding result does
From
X * A middle Pareto optimum solution, definite or fixing each heliostat closed-loop sensors position selected.Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 are the energy flux density distribution situation of 10 o'clock summer solstices, 12 o'clock, 15 o'clock, from figure, find out, the energy flux density homo-effect in a day is comparatively desirable.Among the homo-effect figure, centrales punctuate facula area is big, the energy flux density peak value less than and near ideal value, and the impact point facula area is roughly the same all around, each peak value has been realized the automatic homogenizing scheduling of heliostat field also near ideal value.
In order to verify the multiple target point dispatching method, in 1 year, choose the heat dump receiving plane energy flux density homo-effect of other times.10 o'clock days in the Spring Equinox in 2010 (March 21) and 15 o'clock days in the Autumnal Equinox in 2010 (September 23) have then been selected respectively, emulation heat dump receiving plane energy flux density distribution situation, its design sketch such as Fig. 7 and shown in Figure 8.Among the figure heat dump receiving plane energy flux density distribute roughly even, identical with Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 effect, explain that dispatching method of the present invention has good applicability.
Claims (6)
1. the heliostat field dispatching method in the tower type solar energy thermal power generation station; It is characterized in that: said heliostat field dispatching method adopts the open-close loops to close control mode, control direction and position that open loop control is calculated heliostat in real time through sun moving law, heliostat longitude and latitude of living in, heliostat and heat dump geometry of position relation; Closed-loop control earlier confirms that through closed-loop sensors each heliostat should corresponding target location, and the real-time angle value of heliostat based on the closed-loop sensors feedback carries out the accurate tracking of heliostat again, thereby the energy-flux density of heliostat field is carried out the homogenizing scheduling; Said each heliostat answers definite method of corresponding target location to be: the heat dump receiving plane in said solar energy thermal-power-generating station is set some impact points; Based on multiple target point homogenizing adjustment principle and multiple target point homogenizing algorithm; Make the selected corresponding heliostat crowd of each impact point, thereby confirm that each heliostat should corresponding target location.
2. heliostat according to claim 1 field dispatching method is characterized in that: in some impact points that said heat dump receiving plane is set, be in the center or be the big heliostat of flare near the corresponding heliostat crowd of the impact point of center; The heliostat that all the other impact points are corresponding is mined massively and is selected with multiple target point homogenizing algorithm, and guarantees that all hot spots all drop in the heat dump receiving plane.
3. heliostat according to claim 1 and 2 field dispatching method is characterized in that: the mathematical model of said multiple target point homogenizing algorithm is expressed from the next:
In the formula:
XBe decision space;
nBe the heliostat number;
F(
X) be object space,
Be the sub-goal function;
kFor the target of the setting on the heat dump receiving plane is counted,
X k Be
kThe decision space that individual impact point is corresponding;
R Xi Be
x i The flare size of platform heliostat;
dFor the outermost impact point apart from the heat dump distance.
4. heliostat according to claim 3 field dispatching method is characterized in that: said closed-loop sensors is a photovalve; Said closed-loop sensors can be installed on corresponding heliostat catoptron the place ahead, catoptron limit, catoptron rear or hang with respect to mirrored side.
5. heliostat according to claim 4 field dispatching method is characterized in that: said closed-loop sensors is photoelectric cell sensor, camera or imager.
6. heliostat according to claim 3 field dispatching method is characterized in that: the impact point of setting on the said heat dump receiving plane comprises the centrales punctuate and is distributed in centrales punctuate impact point on every side; Impact point is triangle or polygon after connecting around said.
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