CN102259217A - Method for welding rotor and steel shaft of high-niobium titanium aluminum turbocharger - Google Patents
Method for welding rotor and steel shaft of high-niobium titanium aluminum turbocharger Download PDFInfo
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- CN102259217A CN102259217A CN201110038277XA CN201110038277A CN102259217A CN 102259217 A CN102259217 A CN 102259217A CN 201110038277X A CN201110038277X A CN 201110038277XA CN 201110038277 A CN201110038277 A CN 201110038277A CN 102259217 A CN102259217 A CN 102259217A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for welding a rotor and a steel shaft of a high-niobium titanium aluminum turbocharger. In the method, brazing filler metal for welding is BNi73CrFeSiB(C), BNi82CrSiBFe, BNi92SiB, BNi95SiB and BNi71CrSi; the thickness of the brazing filler metal is between 0.02 and 0.20 millimeter; the brazing temperature is between 10 and 80 DEG C over a liquid phase line; the pressure is between 0.1 and 20 MPa; the time is 30 seconds to 30 minutes; the vacuum degree of vacuum brazing is between 1*10<-4> and -1*10<-1> Pa; and argon protection is performed during induction brazing. By the method, the tensile strength Rm of a brazed joint at room temperature is more than or equal to 270 MPa, and the tensile strength Rm of the brazed joint at the temperature of 600 DEG C is more than or equal to 250 MPa, so the brazed joint meets a using requirement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the solder technology of a kind of Intermatallic Ti-Al compound alloy and steel, the welding method of particularly a kind of high-Nb Ti-Al turbocharger rotor and steel axle.
Background technology
Along with engine performance such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, automobile, naval vessel improve constantly, to the demands for higher performance of high-temperature material, promptly higher intensity, antioxygenic property and lighter density etc.γ-TiAl base alloy material has advantages such as good high-temperature intensity, creep resistance and antioxygenic property, developing into materials for aeroengines of new generation, can be used for making compressor, combustion gas turbine blade, compressor stator deep bead, out frame and casting of other complex-shaped large scales and forging parts, but heavy nickel base superalloy loss of weight about 50% substituted with part.γ-TiAl base alloy has been used to make the turbocharger, air valve of automobile engine etc., and common titanium aluminum has United States Patent (USP) material Ti48Al2Cr2Nb, the Ti-of Japanese Datong District special steel house journal (32-36wt%) Al-(0.1-2 wt%) Si-(0.1-5wt%) Nb-(0.1-3wt%) Cr (code name RNT650 commonly used or DAT-TA1), the high niobium containing titanium aluminium alloy patent Ti-of MIT (44.5-48.5at%) Al-(5-9.5 at%) Nb-(0.5-2 at%) Cr-(0.1-0.4 at%) Ni-(0.1-0.4 at%) Si of commercial application.
Must could form a complete part with the welding of steel axle with the turbo blade that TiAl makes, steel shaft material commonly used is 42CrMo, 40Cr, 35CrMo.At present, the most frequently used connected mode of the turbine of vehicle turbocharger is high-temperature nickel-base alloy turbine and the welding of steel axle direct friction or adopts electron beam welding.Because TiAl alloy welding poor-performing, a great problem that is applied to turbocharger at present is exactly the interconnection technique of TiAl alloy turbine and steel rotating shaft.The key issue of titanium aluminium turbine and steel axle welding is different at the linear expansion coefficient of the formation that middle phase is arranged at the interface and two kinds of materials, room temperature to 700 ℃, and the linear expansion coefficient of TiAl is 10 * 10
-6/ ℃, than 15 * 10 of steel
-6/ ℃ little, it is very big that two kinds of materials directly weld the back thermal stress, and crackle or brittle fracture appear in weldment.Therefore, the particularity of TiAl alloy material has determined the TiAl alloy turbine can not adopt direct friction welding or has adopted these two kinds of universal mode of electron beam welding to realize being connected of TiAl alloy turbines and steel axle.
Chinese patent 97125874.0 has been introduced the scheme of having introduced the middle transition body in the connection procedure of titanium aluminium turbine and steel axle, the syndeton of TiAl alloy turbine and steel axle adopts the syndeton that adds the middle transition body, and the material of transition body is selected common nickel base superalloy; Concrete connectivity scenario is that TiAl alloy turbine and middle transition body adopt the hot charging interference fit, and the middle transition body adopts friction welding to be connected with the steel axle.
" TiAl base alloy and steel interconnection technique progress " report that Li Yulong, He Peng, Feng Jicai etc. delivered in " welding " 2005 the 10th phases, the people such as T.Tetsui of Japan adopt the method for attachment of Ni base alloy cover transition to connect TiAl alloy turbine and steel axle, at first adopt the method for soldering to connect TiAl and Ni base alloy cover, adopt the method for electron beam to connect Ni base alloy cover and structure steel shaft again.The turbocharging rotor of this employing Ni base alloy transition that Tetsui connects has been assemblied on the Mitsubishi model engine, has carried out the engine running test, has obtained effect preferably.
Can connect titanium aluminium turbine and steel axle though more than add the connected mode of intermediate, increase production process and cost, be unfavorable for industrialization production in enormous quantities.It is to think the most reasonable at present, save the extensive Industry Promotion mode of cost reliably that titanium aluminium turbine is connected with the direct soldering of steel axle.
People such as Zhang Ke, Wu Luhai, Lou Songnian, Ruan He are published in " diffusion brazing of TiAl/40Cr " report of " welding " 2002 (10), be solderability and the increase bonding strength that improves the TiAl/40Cr joint, select that Ti content is 4% for use, to be approximately 800 ℃, thickness be that the Ag-Cu-Ti paper tinsel of 0.20mm is as the intermediate layer to fusion temperature, welding method adopts vacuum brazing, welding parameter is: welding pressure 0.4 MPa, weld intervals 10 min, 900 ℃ of welding temperatures, vacuum 10
-2Pa; The tensile strength of joint is 387 MPa, approximates the tensile strength of mother metal.A high reason of strength of joint that with Ag-Cu-Ti is solder is that comparatively strong diffusion has all taken place for Ag in the weld seam, Cu, Ti three elements, and the B that has generated the mutually single-phase Ag of A of rich Ag and rich Cu intermetallic compound AlCu mutually
2The Ti phase is because AlCu
2Ti is B mutually
2Structure is a kind of harder phase, when the thickness of this phase relatively approaches, has just played the effect that strengthens.
The paper that Zhu Ying, Zhang Mo, kingdom build, Kang Hui, bent equality are published in " space flight manufacturing technology " 2005.8 " vacuum brazing of TiAl base alloy and 42CrMo steel " report, TiAl base alloy and 42CrMo steel are carried out soldering, and the solder composition is Ti-20Zr-Cu-Ni; Solder adopts the quick setting method preparation, and the foil thickness of preparation is about 0.05mm; Brazing process parameter is: vacuum 1.0 * 10
-3Pa, 930 ℃ of brazing temperatures, temperature retention time is respectively 15min, 30min, 60min; Joint average tensile strength 110MPa, the zone of fracture of joint is the boundary layer between 42CrMo mother metal and solder all.
Exhaust gas turbocharge is one of major technique of modern gasoline machine and Diesel engine raising power, and charging turbine is the high speed rotary work under the engine fuel exhaust gas driven, and the diesel engine secondary speed is generally (5-20) * 10
4R/min, the gasoline engine secondary speed can reach (25-26) * 10 usually
4R/min, and turbine need bear the high-temperature work environment about 700-950 ℃ for a long time.Charging turbine is by structure steel shaft and the work of aluminum air compressor wheel connecting band dynamic pressure mechanism of qi wheel, and charging turbine rotor and structure steel shaft junction operating temperature can reach 500-600 ℃.Use silver-base solder and titanium based solder to carry out the soldering of titanium aluminium turbine and steel axle, though the joint of soldering can satisfy the instructions for use of booster turbine rotor room temperature, soldered fitting is difficult to work long hours under 500-600 ℃.
The selection of solder need be analyzed and selects according to the difference of the material of the material difference of titanium-aluminium alloy, steel axle during soldering, as telling about in the soldering document, during soldering between solder and the titanium-aluminium alloy, between solder and the steel axle, the counterdiffusion mutually of element all can take place between steel axle and the titanium aluminium, cause titanium aluminium turbine wheel shaft one side, steel axle one side and commissure can produce different compounds.The compound difference that the welding point of different filler produces, different solder thickness, brazing temperature, dwell pressure and the time has in various degree influence to the microscopic structure of welding point, thereby make the room temperature of welding axle and performances such as elevated temperature strength, plasticity produce huge difference, the room temperature and the high temperature of final influence welding turbine wheel shaft are used.Therefore, need be according to different titanium aluminium turbine materials and the soldering of steel axial wood matter choose reasonable kind with solder, and the technological parameter during soldering.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention solves provides the welding method of a kind of high-Nb Ti-Al turbocharger rotor and steel axle, the solder and the method for welding of the titanium-aluminium alloy Ti-of MIT (44.5-48.5at%) Al-(5-9.5at%) Nb-(0.5-2at%) Cr-(0.1-0.4at%) Ni-(0-0.4at%) the Si turbine rotor that is applicable to commercial application and 42CrMo, 40Cr, 35CrMo structure steel shaft are provided, and this structure steel shaft is used for turbocharger.By selecting the technological parameter of rational solder and soldering, the present invention can combine securely to satisfy the working condition requirement of vehicular engine supercharging rotor-support-foundation system bigger Ti-Al alloy turbine rotor of performance difference and steel axle, guarantees that the turbine wheel shaft welding point works long hours under 500-600 ℃.
For the purpose that realizes solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme:
The welding method of a kind of high-Nb Ti-Al turbocharger rotor of the present invention and steel axle, the high niobium containing titanium aluminium alloy atomic percent consists of: Ti-(44.5-48.5) Al-(5-9.5) Nb-(0.5-2) Cr-(0.1-0.4) Ni-(0-0.4) Si, the structural steel that the steel axle uses is 42CrMo, 40Cr or 35CrMo structural steel, the welding filler metal that uses is induction brazing equipment or vacuum brazing equipment as BNi73CrFeSiB (C), BNi82CrSiBFe, BNi92SiB, BNi95SiB or BNi71CrSi, brazing equipment; During induction brazing, turbine and steel axle need carry out high-frequency induction brazing under inert gas shielding, to prevent high-temperature oxydation; During vacuum brazing, need the vacuum that keeps certain in the soldering oven, to prevent high-temperature oxydation; Soldering processes are:
1) solder thickness 0.02-0.20mm, preferred 0.03-0.05mm;
2) brazing temperature: the above 10-80 of solder liquidus temperature ℃, above 30-50 ℃ of preferred liquid phase line temperature;
3) soldering pressure is 0.1-20MPa, preferred 2-8MPa;
4) holding time 30 seconds-30min, the preferred 5-10min of vacuum brazing, the preferred 2-3min of induction brazing;
5) vacuum during vacuum brazing: 1
*10
-4~ 1
*10
-1Pa, preferred (1-10)
*10
-2Pa; Inert gas shielding when adopting argon gas to carry out high niobium containing titanium aluminium alloy and the soldering of steel axle during induction brazing.Here said vacuum is meant the vacuum overbottom pressure in the brazing equipment burner hearth.
Further concrete technical scheme can be: the welding method of high-Nb Ti-Al turbocharger rotor of the present invention and steel axle, the high niobium containing titanium aluminium alloy atomic percent consists of Ti-46Al-6.5Nb-0.6Cr-0.2Ni.
Further concrete technical scheme can also be: the welding method of high-Nb Ti-Al turbocharger rotor of the present invention and steel axle, steel axle construction steel is 42CrMo, 40Cr or 35CrMo structural steel, wherein the chemical composition mass percent of 42CrMo material consists of: C/0.38-0.45, Si/0.17-0.37, Mn/0.5-0.8, Mo/0.15-0.25, Cr/0.9-1.25, all the other are iron, corresponding Japanese trade mark SCM440 and U.S. trade mark ASTM 4140; 40Cr chemical composition mass percent consists of: C/0.37-0.44, and Si/0.17-0.37, Mn/0.5-0.8, Cr/0.8-1.1, all the other are iron, corresponding Japanese trade mark SCr440 and U.S. trade mark ASTM 5140; 35CrMo material composition quality content is compared with 42CrMo, except that C content is low slightly, all the other compositions and content are basic identical, the chemical composition mass percent of its material consists of: C/0.32-0.40, Si/0.17-0.37, Mn/0.4-0.7, Mo/0.15-0.25, Cr/0.8-1.1, all the other are iron, corresponding Japanese trade mark SCM435 and U.S. trade mark ASTM4135.
The used solder of welding method of high-Nb Ti-Al turbocharger rotor of the present invention and steel axle, the chemical composition mass percent of BNi73CrFeSiB (C) solder consists of Co≤0.1, Cr/13-15, Si/4-5, B/2.75-3.5, Fe/4-5, C/0.6-0.9, P≤0.02, Ni is a surplus; The chemical composition mass percent of BNi82CrSiBFe solder consists of Co≤0.1, Cr/6-8, and Si/4-5, B/2.75-3.5, Fe/2.5-3.5, C≤0.06, P≤0.02, Ni is a surplus; The chemical composition mass percent of BNi92SiB solder consists of Co≤0.1, Si/4-5, and B/2.75-3.5, Fe≤0.5, C≤0.06, P≤0.02, Ni is a surplus; The chemical composition mass percent of BNi95SiB solder consists of Co≤0.1, Si/3-4, and B/1.5-2.2, Fe≤1.5, C≤0.06, P≤0.02, Ni is a surplus; The chemical composition mass percent of BNi71CrSi solder consists of Co≤0.1, Cr/18.5-19.5, and Si/9.75-10.5, B≤0.03, C≤0.06, P≤0.02, Ni is a surplus.
Various composition of the present invention, content and proportioning if not otherwise specified, all are meant mass percent composition, content and proportioning.
These technical schemes also can make up mutually or combination, thereby reach better technique effect.
By adopting technique scheme, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
The welding method of a kind of high-Nb Ti-Al turbocharger rotor of the present invention and steel axle, adopt BNi73CrFeSiB (C), BNi82CrSiBFe, BNi92SiB, BNi95SiB, BNi71CrSi as the soldering solder, carry out Ti-(44.5-48.5at%) Al-(5-9.5at%) Nb-(0.5-2at%) Cr-(0.1-0.4at%) Ni-
(0-0.4at%) vacuum brazing and the induction brazing of Si Ti-Al alloy turbine rotor and 42CrMo, 40Cr, 35CrMo structure steel shaft, the joint performance after the soldering is: room temperature tensile strength Rm: 〉=270MPa; 600 ℃ of tensile strength Rm: 〉=250MPa; Satisfy the instructions for use after titanium aluminium turbine wheel shaft and steel axle weld.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Atomic percent consists of Ti-46Al-6.5Nb-0.6Cr-0.2Ni titanium aluminium material turbine wheel shaft and 42CrMo steel axle, adopt nickel-based solder to comprise that the BNi95SiB of the BNi92SiB of the BNi82CrSiBFe of the BNi73CrFeSiB (C) of corresponding U.S. trade mark BNi-1, corresponding U.S. trade mark BNi-2, corresponding U.S. trade mark BNi-3, corresponding U.S. trade mark BNi-4, the BNi71CrSi of corresponding U.S. trade mark BNi-5 carry out induction brazing, induction brazing technology is: 1) solder thickness 0.04mm; 2) brazing temperature: above 50 ℃ of solder liquidus temperature; 3) soldering pressure is 5MPa; 4) holding time 2min; 5) logical argon gas carries out inert gas-shielded arc welding.After the soldering, welding point room temperature and 600 ℃ of tensile strength are as shown in table 1.
Embodiment 2
Atomic percent consists of Ti-46Al-6.5Nb-0.6Cr-0.2Ni titanium aluminium material turbine wheel shaft and 42CrMo steel axle, adopt nickel-based solder BNi73CrFeSiB (C), BNi82CrSiBFe, BNi92SiB, BNi95SiB, BNi71CrSi to carry out induction brazing, induction brazing technology is: 1) solder thickness 0.02mm; 2) brazing temperature: above 80 ℃ of solder liquidus temperature; 3) soldering pressure is 8MPa; 4) holding time 5min; 5) logical argon gas carries out inert gas-shielded arc welding.After the soldering, welding point room temperature and 600 ℃ of tensile strength are as shown in table 1.
Embodiment 3
Atomic percent consists of Ti-46Al-6.5Nb-0.6Cr-0.2Ni titanium aluminium material turbine wheel shaft and 42CrMo steel axle, adopt nickel-based solder BNi73CrFeSiB (C), BNi82CrSiBFe, BNi92SiB, BNi95SiB, BNi71CrSi to carry out vacuum brazing, vacuum brazing technique is: 1) solder thickness 0.2mm; 2) brazing temperature: above 10 ℃ of solder liquidus temperature; 3) soldering pressure is 20MPa; 4) holding time 2min; 5) vacuum: 1 * 10
-4Pa.After the soldering, welding point room temperature and 600 ℃ of tensile strength are as shown in table 1.
Embodiment 4
Atomic percent consists of Ti-46Al-6.5Nb-0.6Cr-0.2Ni titanium aluminium material turbine wheel shaft and 40Cr steel axle, adopt nickel-based solder BNi73CrFeSiB (C), BNi82CrSiBFe, BNi92SiB, BNi95SiB, BNi71CrSi to carry out vacuum brazing, vacuum brazing technique is: 1) solder thickness 0.04mm; 2) brazing temperature: above 50 ℃ of solder liquidus temperature; 3) soldering pressure is 2MPa; 4) holding time 10min; 5) vacuum: 1 * 10
-2Pa.After the soldering, welding point room temperature and 600 ℃ of tensile strength are as shown in table 2.
Embodiment 5
Atomic percent consists of Ti-46Al-6.5Nb-0.6Cr-0.2Ni titanium aluminium material turbine wheel shaft and 40Cr steel axle, adopt nickel-based solder BNi73CrFeSiB (C), BNi82CrSiBFe, BNi92SiB, BNi95SiB, BNi71CrSi to carry out vacuum brazing, vacuum brazing technique is: 1) solder thickness 0.02mm; 2) brazing temperature: above 80 ℃ of (what material) liquidus temperature; 3) soldering pressure is 0.1MPa; 4) holding time 30min; 5) vacuum: 1 * 10
-1Pa.After the soldering, welding point room temperature and 600 ℃ of tensile strength are as shown in table 2.
Embodiment 6
Atomic percent consists of Ti-46Al-6.5Nb-0.6Cr-0.2Ni titanium aluminium material turbine wheel shaft and 40Cr steel axle, adopt nickel-based solder BNi73CrFeSiB (C), BNi82CrSiBFe, BNi92SiB, BNi95SiB, BNi71CrSi to carry out induction brazing, induction brazing technology is: 1) solder thickness 0.2mm; 2) brazing temperature: above 10 ℃ of solder liquidus temperature; 3) soldering pressure is 20MPa; 4) 30 seconds holding times; 5) logical argon gas carries out inert gas-shielded arc welding.After the soldering, welding point room temperature and 600 ℃ of tensile strength are as shown in table 2.
Embodiment 7
Atomic percent consists of Ti-46Al-6.5Nb-0.6Cr-0.2Ni titanium aluminium material turbine wheel shaft and 35CrMo steel axle, adopt nickel-based solder BNi73CrFeSiB (C), BNi82CrSiBFe, BNi92SiB, BNi95SiB, BNi71CrSi to carry out vacuum brazing, vacuum brazing technique is: 1) solder thickness 0.04mm; 2) brazing temperature: above 50 ℃ of solder liquidus temperature; 3) soldering pressure is 2MPa; 4) holding time 10min; 5) vacuum: 1 * 10
-2Pa.After the soldering, welding point room temperature and 600 ℃ of tensile strength are as shown in table 2.
Table 1
The brazing process parameter of titanium aluminium turbine and steel axle and soldered fitting mechanical property table
Table 2
The brazing process parameter of titanium aluminium turbine and steel axle and soldered fitting mechanical property table
Claims (8)
1. the welding method of high-Nb Ti-Al turbocharger rotor and steel axle, the high niobium containing titanium aluminium alloy composition consists of: Ti-(44.5-48.5at%) Al-(5-9.5at%) Nb-(0.5-2at%) Cr-(0.1-0.4at%) Ni-(0-0.4 at%) Si, the structural steel that the steel axle uses is 42CrMo, 40Cr or 35CrMo structural steel, it is characterized in that: the welding filler metal that welding method is used is BNi73CrFeSiB (C), BNi82CrSiBFe, BNi92SiB, BNi95SiB or BNi71CrSi, brazing equipment is induction brazing equipment or vacuum brazing equipment, during induction brazing, turbine and steel axle need carry out high-frequency induction brazing under inert gas shielding; During vacuum brazing, need the vacuum that keeps certain in the soldering oven; Soldering processes are:
1) solder thickness 0.02-0.20mm;
2) brazing temperature: the above 10-80 of solder liquidus temperature ℃;
3) soldering pressure is 0.1-20MPa;
4) holding time 30 seconds-30min;
5) vacuum during vacuum brazing: 1
*10
-4--1
*10
-1Pa; Inert gas shielding when adopting argon gas to carry out high niobium containing titanium aluminium alloy and the soldering of steel axle during induction brazing.
2. according to the welding method of described high-Nb Ti-Al turbocharger rotor of claim 1 and steel axle, it is characterized in that: described solder thickness is 0.03-0.05mm.
3. according to the welding method of described high-Nb Ti-Al turbocharger rotor of claim 1 and steel axle, it is characterized in that: described brazing temperature is the above 30-50 of liquidus curve ℃.
4. according to the welding method of described high-Nb Ti-Al turbocharger rotor of claim 1 and steel axle, it is characterized in that: described soldering pressure is 2-8Mpa.
5. according to the welding method of described high-Nb Ti-Al turbocharger rotor of claim 1 and steel axle, it is characterized in that: vacuum is (1-10) during vacuum brazing
*10
-2Pa.
6. according to the welding method of described high-Nb Ti-Al turbocharger rotor of claim 1 and steel axle, it is characterized in that: the percentage composition of high niobium containing titanium aluminium alloy atom is Ti-46Al-6.5Nb-0.6Cr-0.2Ni.
7. according to the welding method of described high-Nb Ti-Al turbocharger rotor of claim 1 and steel axle, it is characterized in that: the structural steel that described steel axle uses is 42CrMo, 40Cr or 35CrMo structural steel, wherein the chemical composition mass percent of 42CrMo material consists of: C/0.38-0.45, Si/0.17-0.37, Mn/0.5-0.8, Mo/0.15-0.25, Cr/0.9-1.25, all the other are iron; 40Cr material chemical composition mass content percentage consists of: C/0.37-0.44, and Si/0.17-0.37, Mn/0.5-0.8, Cr/0.8-1.1, all the other are iron; The chemical composition mass percent of 35CrMo material consists of: C/0.32-0.40, and Si/0.17-0.37, Mn/0.4-0.7, Mo/0.15-0.25, Cr/0.8-1.1, all the other are iron.
8. according to the method for welding of claim 1 described titanium aluminium material turbocharger rotor and steel axle, it is characterized in that: the chemical composition mass percent of described BNi73CrFeSiB (C) solder consists of Co≤0.1, Cr/13-15, Si/4-5, B/2.75-3.5, Fe/4-5, C/0.6-0.9, P≤0.02, Ni is a surplus; The chemical composition mass percent of BNi82CrSiBFe solder consists of Co≤0.1, Cr/6-8, and Si/4-5, B/2.75-3.5, Fe/2.5-3.5, C≤0.06, P≤0.02, Ni is a surplus; The chemical composition mass percent of BNi92SiB solder consists of Co≤0.1, Si/4-5, and B/2.75-3.5, Fe≤0.5, C≤0.06, P≤0.02, Ni is a surplus; The chemical composition mass percent of BNi95SiB solder consists of Co≤0.1, Si/3-4, and B/1.5-2.2, Fe≤1.5, C≤0.06, P≤0.02, Ni is a surplus; The chemical composition mass percent of BNi71CrSi solder consists of Co≤0.1, Cr/18.5-19.5, and Si/9.75-10.5, B≤0.03, C≤0.06, P≤0.02, Ni is a surplus.
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