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CN102233824B - 电动汽车 - Google Patents

电动汽车 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102233824B
CN102233824B CN201110078342.1A CN201110078342A CN102233824B CN 102233824 B CN102233824 B CN 102233824B CN 201110078342 A CN201110078342 A CN 201110078342A CN 102233824 B CN102233824 B CN 102233824B
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energy supply
supply unit
trailer
electronlmobil
hook attachment
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CN102233824A (zh
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马库斯·里斯
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/063—Arrangement of tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K5/00—Arrangement or mounting of internal-combustion or jet-propulsion units
    • B60K5/10—Arrangement or mounting of internal-combustion or jet-propulsion units providing for ready detachment of engine
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B60L50/62—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles charged by low-power generators primarily intended to support the batteries, e.g. range extenders
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/66—Arrangements of batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/70—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by fuel cells
    • B60L50/71—Arrangement of fuel cells within vehicles specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0405—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion characterised by their position
    • B60K2001/0416—Arrangement in the rear part of the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0405—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion characterised by their position
    • B60K2001/0444—Arrangement on a trailer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0455—Removal or replacement of the energy storages
    • B60K2001/0477—Removal or replacement of the energy storages from the back
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/063—Arrangement of tanks
    • B60K2015/0638—Arrangement of tanks the fuel tank is arranged in the rear of the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/063—Arrangement of tanks
    • B60K2015/0639—Arrangement of tanks the fuel tank is arranged near or in the roof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2270/00—Problem solutions or means not otherwise provided for
    • B60L2270/40—Problem solutions or means not otherwise provided for related to technical updates when adding new parts or software
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及具有至少一个为电动汽车10的能量供应提供附加电能的独立能量供应单元11的电动汽车10。根据本发明，至少一个独立的能量供应单元11在固定的或可拆卸的拖车挂钩12、13范围形成可安装的能量供应单元11。

Description

电动汽车
技术领域
本发明涉及电动汽车，其至少具有一个单独的能量供应单元为电动车能源供应提供额外的电能。
背景技术
在原则上存在有许多种制造这类汽车的可能性。制造长距离行驶的电动汽车的传统方法包括有更换电池和/或装配活动范围较大的比如燃气发动机、柴油发动机或其他内燃机。这两种方法均会带来更高额外重量、和/或受限的存储空间、以及在长距离行驶中以往很少用到的所有其他条件下受限的性能和经济性这些问题。参阅例如下列出版物。
在DE19832873A1中提到一种电动车，其具备一个或者多个独立的能量供应单元来为电动车的能量供应提供电能。其设计使至少一个能量供应单元可拆卸的作为紧凑模型安装在车顶上。从其中的实施方法中可见，除了已经安装在汽车内部的主能量供应单元，为了扩大电动车行程，还设有作为附加能量供应单元安装在车顶的能量供应单元。例如当计划一个长距离行驶时，则要求将其安装在车上，因此就可能增加电动车的行程。由于该能量供应单元在车顶上良好的使用性，不用很大花费就能够很快的安装和拆卸。在另一实施方法中，安装在车顶的能量供应单元就是主能量供应单元。
这种设计安排相比于之前已知的方案具有如下优点：
●相关汽车没有速度限制；
●操纵性上没有限制；
●提高了停车位的利用；
●较小的额外引入质量；
●提高了有关碰撞安全性的水平；
●不需要官方许可证；
●关于道路交通管理法的交通安全方面，无需汽车上额外的设备；
●可能通过充分利用车辆行驶时产生的迎面风来冷却能量供应单元各部件；
●与汽车相距一段距离的能量供应单元的贮存设施简易且节省空间。
能量供应单元在这种设计安排下作为安装在车顶上紧凑的可拆卸的模型，表现出很小的可行性，还有出于安全原因考虑的不可靠，以及就这些问题在整体上有待改进。
DE19509625A1涉及一种电瓶车的电能拖车(汽车拖车)，其中通过具有发动机的内燃机或者通过燃料电池或者通过蓄电池或者电池，把以化学能形式储存的能量转化为适合电瓶车的电流。由此增加电瓶车远距离行驶的行程。拖车能够作为汽车的单轴挂车，也可以作为固定的发电站。这种设计安排特别的缺点在于：引入过高的质量，限制了电动车的行程；限制了操纵性；汽车和拖车套在一起则限制了速度。
DE19641254A1涉及一种汽车，特别是具有电驱动力和以插入单元的构造可在汽车与充电站之间交换的能量供应单元的载货车。其中，能量供应单元可选的形成能量存储单元或者形成能量产生和能量存储单元(混合单元)。其中，为供应单元而设置在汽车上和充电站的插入层按一定角度、特别是互相垂直的排列。按照这种设计，能量供应单元能够与只有储电器(例如电池)的独立发电，可选的与汽车相连或集成在其中。这样一来，通过使在汽车中和充电站预设的插入层彼此间垂直排列，由此形成的交换过程，同样还有已有供应单元的更换能够简洁而快速的实现。在这里，对于汽车侧面直立的插入层，在使用了汽车悬架系统时，不用更高的成本，即可通过对汽车结构做相应的水平改变，比如通过降低底盘，将能量供应单元从其固定在车辆上的位置取出，从而在设在充电站侧面的相应支架中预先插入供应单元，可能不借助辅助手段完成从汽车到充电站的调换，该过程还能够特别的在反方向上以相同方式进行。有意将充电站这一方面构造成转变站，它这一方面相对于汽车而言是可移动和/或可转动的，从而通过与充电站相应的连接，不仅能够更换相应的存储包，还能通过供应单元的更换比较简单的更换各自的工作状态。这里提到的汽车，尤其是载货车全部是指特种车辆。
US7,537,070B2涉及一种便携式“范围扩展机”，用以实施通过电驱动马达为电动车的驱动输送电能。该便携式“范围扩展机”包括马达、通过轴与马达相连的发电机、为控制“范围扩展机”的运行并不依赖于汽车控制的独立“范围扩展机”控制器，还有与马达和发电机共同作用的变速器。“范围扩展机”与其控制变速器装在一个特定的壳体内。该壳体被分成两个区域，第一个区域是为发电机，第二个区域是为马达。壳体中的开口构成气道，用以冷却“范围扩展机”各部件。其中，冷空气经过冷却面的第一层面输入，该冷却面安装在发电机马达与空气进孔相邻的末端，并通过冷却面的第二层，该冷却面安装在发电机马达分区开孔的区域，以及通过冷却面的第三层，该冷却面安装在马达上分区开孔的对立面。通过这种构造形成紧实的结构，用户就可能将“范围扩展机”安装在每个电池驱动的汽车中，通过给其电池充电增加其行程，或者，通过取代或与电动机组合来驱动汽车。为了满足长距离的需要，“范围扩展机”例如能够安装在所有电车或货运车上。便携式“范围扩展机”此外还合适于安装在汽车的拖车上。此处所述的设计安排整体上主要的描述了便携式“范围扩展机”的常规结构。
发明内容
从中得到本发明的任务在于，在保留至今的优点的前提下，改善或进一步发展用至少一个独立能量供应单元的已知电动车，并避免之前讨论方案中的缺点，其中以尽可能小的额外重量获得尽可能高的灵活性，应该尽可能不限制存储空间，并且其他限制也应该尽可能小。
将至少一个独立能量供应单元构造成为附在固定或可拆卸的拖车挂钩范围的能量供应单元，就能依据本发明来完成任务。通过该法首次用简便的手段实现以下可能，将独立能量供应单元作为黑盒单元安装在固定或可拆卸的拖车挂钩范围，并在那里通过拖车挂钩的电气设备与汽车相连接。
在欧洲大部分汽车中，小型车拖车挂钩的基架负重是500N，较大汽车是750-1000N，其足以形成一个连续运行功率达到10-30kW的独立能量供应单元。在汽车电池没电和该能量供应单元必须承担汽车全部电力供应时，取决于汽车尺寸和设计，该功率允许的巡航速度是100-130km/h。
拖车挂钩的电子连接能够作为所述的电子连接使用，其能够为高压做准备。此外，为了避免连接时的电子干扰，汽车能够具有电子开关。
根据本发明的设计可以得到一个价格合算、简易的插入式方案，它使得每部电池驱动汽车实现长距离行驶。为市内累积行驶(电池和同样尺寸/同样重量)优化过的汽车原有变速器能够保持合适的价格。一个家庭中不同的汽车能够灵活的应用长距离行驶。为了降低用户的一般花销，可插入的附加可安装的独立能量供应单元还能够较合算的租到，其中，只在国家或地区范围内旅行时间中使用，并在起点和目的地安装和拆卸。
这里特别的好处是，操作员很容易就能够到拖车挂钩。所以一个中等重量的能量供应单元能够相对容易的安装在汽车上。此外，将能量供应单元相对较低安装在汽车上也是有益处的，这样有利于行进动力，并且一旦遇到事故也有利于汽车安全。
在本发明最佳实施方式中，至少一个独立能量供应单元构成可安装在固定拖车挂钩上的能量供应单元。
在本发明另外一个实施方式中，至少一个独立能量供应单元构成代替可拆卸的拖车挂钩的可安装的能量供应单元。
根据本发明另一特点还推荐，能量供应单元在固定或可拆卸的拖车挂钩范围含有内燃发动机。该内燃发动机在第一实施方式中是燃气发动机，在由此引出的实施方式中还能够是柴油或汽油发动机或者紧实的汽轮机发电机组。能量供应单元能够可替代或者附加包括燃料电池单元，从中由发动机燃料，尤其是氢气、酒精或汽油直接发电。
根据本发明另一特点适合在拖车上安装附加燃气、柴油或汽油箱。这样能满足长距离行程。
根据本发明最后的特点，在车顶上、行李室上或者汽车后门上为备用油箱安装支撑元件。出于安全上的考虑，因为比如在今天用备用邮箱来驱动汽车，特别在备胎槽内容纳备用油箱。为了更长的距离，在支撑元件上能够轻易多运送25-50kg的液体。
附图说明
附图中多个实施例介绍了本发明。如下：
图1：本发明电动汽车的概况后视图中具有固定拖车挂钩的第一实施方式，
图2：根据图1实施方式中发明电动车的部分概况俯视图，
图3：根据图1实施方式中发明电动车的部分概况侧视图，
图4：本发明电动汽车的概况后视图中具有可拆卸拖车挂钩的第二实施方式，
图5：根据图2实施方式中发明电动车的部分概况俯视图，
图6：根据图2实施方式中发明电动车的部分概况侧视图。
附图标记
10汽车
11能量供应单元(独立)
12固定拖车挂钩
13可拆卸拖车挂钩
14汽车后门
15支撑元件(在14上为了16)
16备用邮箱
具体实施方式
本发明电动汽车一般标记为10，并且为电动汽车10供应附加电能至少具有一个单独的能量供应单元11。依照发明，尤其为了长距离行驶提供的单独的能量供应单元11，该单独的能量供应单元11在固定的或可拆卸的拖车挂钩12、13范围形成可安装的能量供应单元11。通过该法首次用简便的手段实现以下可能，将独立能量供应单元11作为黑盒单元安装在固定或可拆卸的拖车挂钩12、13范围，并在那里通过拖车挂钩的电气设备与汽车10相连接。大多数车辆(例如小型车)为拖车挂钩有50kg的设计，大型车(在欧洲)75-100kg，其足以构成一个单独的能量供应单元11，该能量供应单元11达到长距离速度所需的操作功率，该速度受到限制或低于一般的速度，并对10-30KW(取决于汽车尺寸)的汽车而言能行驶60-75英里。拖车挂钩12、13的电子连接能够作为所述的电子连接使用，其能够为高压做准备。此外，为了避免连接时的电子干扰，汽车10能够具有电子开关。
汽车10在发明附图1至3中介绍的实施方式里，至少一个独立能量供应单元11在固定的拖车挂钩12上形成可安装的能量供应单元11。对此在图1实施方式的概况后视图、图2的部分概况俯视图和图3的部分概况侧视图中得到介绍。
与此相对，汽车在发明附图4至6中介绍的实施方式里，至少一个独立能量供应单元11在可拆卸的拖车挂钩13上形成可安装的能量供应单元11。对此在图4的实施方式展示了概况后视图，图5展示了部分概况俯视图以及图6展示了部分概况侧视图。
另外还可见，能量供应单元11在固定或可拆卸的拖车挂钩12、13范围有一个内燃机。该内燃机在第一实施方式中能够作为燃气发动机，在由此引出的实施方式中也能作为柴油或汽油发动机。在这里发动机能够是轻的单缸或双缸发动机、旋转活塞发动机、或者燃气轮机。
优选的在车顶上、行李室上或者汽车后门14上为备用油箱16安装附加支撑元件15，汽车后门14上具有备用油箱16的情况在附图中得以说明，特别见附图3和6。图3和6另外还介绍了一般位于车轮罩范围的油箱。
在附图介绍的实施方式中，为了方便的安装能量供应单元11，其具有一个容易定位、可折叠防滚架。在图2或5概况的暗示，并未标出的油箱管路有弹簧负荷的快速联轴节，就像在许多应用中，例如快艇发动机中已知的那样。此处同样略去的与电池的电子连接通过具有插入连接的高压连接器实现。此外拖车挂钩12、13的三点固定与两个圆柱形的弹簧负载的连接元件在一起。
如提到过的那样，所介绍的实施方式只是举例实现本发明，并不限制别的一些改动和设计的可能。独立能量供应单元11特别在结构方面能够具有与所介绍和描述过的类型有所变化的设计。
另外，还能应用在与附图说明所述不同的车型上。通过把更大并因此更高效的能量供应单元连接在汽车上，特别是还能应用在载货车上，那里拖车挂钩上的基架负重要比小汽车高。

Claims (20)

1.具有至少一个为电动汽车(10)的能量供应提供附加电能的独立能量供应单元(11)的电动汽车(10)，其特征在于，所述至少一个独立的能量供应单元(11)在固定的或可拆卸的拖车挂钩(12、13)范围形成可安装的能量供应单元(11)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电动汽车，其特征在于，所述至少一个独立的能量供应单元(11)在固定的拖车挂钩(12)上形成可安装的能量供应单元(11)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电动汽车，其特征在于，所述至少一个独立能量供应单元(11)构成代替可拆卸的拖车挂钩(13)的可安装的能量供应单元(11)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电动汽车，其特征在于，所述能量供应单元(11)在固定或可拆卸的拖车挂钩(12、13)范围有一个内燃机。
5.根据权利要求2所述的电动汽车，其特征在于，所述能量供应单元(11)在固定或可拆卸的拖车挂钩(12、13)范围有一个内燃机。
6.根据权利要求3所述的电动汽车，其特征在于，所述能量供应单元(11)在固定或可拆卸的拖车挂钩(12、13)范围有一个内燃机。
7.根据权利要求4所述的电动汽车，其特征在于，所述内燃机从燃气发动机、柴油发动机、汽油发动机和燃气轮机这组中选择。
8.根据权利要求5所述的电动汽车，其特征在于，所述内燃机从燃气发动机、柴油发动机、汽油发动机和燃气轮机这组中选择。
9.根据权利要求6所述的电动汽车，其特征在于，所述内燃机从燃气发动机、柴油发动机、汽油发动机和燃气轮机这组中选择。
10.根据权利要求1所述的电动汽车，其特征在于，所述能量供应单元(11)在固定的或可拆卸的拖车挂钩(12、13)范围有燃料电池单元。
11.根据权利要求2所述的电动汽车，其特征在于，所述能量供应单元(11)在固定的或可拆卸的拖车挂钩(12、13)范围有燃料电池单元。
12.根据权利要求3所述的电动汽车，其特征在于，所述能量供应单元(11)在固定的或可拆卸的拖车挂钩(12、13)范围有燃料电池单元。
13.根据权利要求4-6中任意一项所述的电动汽车，其特征在于，所述能量供应单元(11)在固定的或可拆卸的拖车挂钩(12、13)范围有燃料电池单元。
14.根据权利要求7-9中任意一项所述的电动汽车，其特征在于，所述能量供应单元(11)在固定的或可拆卸的拖车挂钩(12、13)范围有燃料电池单元。
15.根据权利要求1-12中任意一项所述的电动汽车，其特征在于，在车顶上、行李室上或者汽车后门(14)上为备用油箱(16)安装附加支撑元件(15)。
16.根据权利要求13所述的电动汽车，其特征在于，在车顶上、行李室上或者汽车后门(14)上为备用油箱(16)安装附加支撑元件(15)。
17.根据权利要求14所述的电动汽车，其特征在于，在车顶上、行李室上或者汽车后门(14)上为备用油箱(16)安装附加支撑元件(15)。
18.根据权利要求15所述的电动汽车，其特征在于，所述备用油箱(16)安装在备胎槽中。
19.根据权利要求16所述的电动汽车，其特征在于，所述备用油箱(16)安装在备胎槽中。
20.根据权利要求17所述的电动汽车，其特征在于，所述备用油箱(16)安装在备胎槽中。
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