CN102230716A - Method and device for separating air through air pressurization, backflow expansion and internal compression - Google Patents
Method and device for separating air through air pressurization, backflow expansion and internal compression Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for separating air through air pressurization, reflux expansion and internal compression and relates to a method and equipment for separating air by adopting heat exchange, rectification and reflux expansion at low temperature. During air separation, an expander for internally compressing anti-waste nitrogen serving as a working medium through air pressurization is used; the waste nitrogen is expanded at the low temperature and acts externally to provide cooling energy for a cooling box of a fractionating tower; in the whole separation process, a two-stage rectifying tower is adopted; the rectifying tower consists of a lower tower, an upper tower and a refrigeration evaporator arranged between the lower tower and the upper tower; operating pressure of the lower tower is less than 1.14MPa (G) and the operating pressure of the upper tower is less than 0.32MPa (G). By the method and the equipment, the quality of products is improved and the manufacturing cost is reduced greatly; and the power consumption of a unit product is much lower than the power consumption of the internal compression process in the same type, so the cost performance of the equipment can be optimized. Compared with the external compression process in the same type, the method is more safe and reliable, and the equipment is easy to operate and maintain.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method and device thereof of air separation, in particular, the present invention relates to method and device thereof that a kind of supercharging air stream backed expansion compressed air separates.
Background technology
At present, adopting heat exchange, rectifying, drag flow or stream backed expansion, interior compression or external compression to come the method for separation of air at low temperatures is well-known industrial production technology.Common interior compression method is: the compressed machine compression of air, in precooler cooling and in purification system, remove the objectionable impurities such as dirt, carbon dioxide and acetylene that anhydrate after divide two-way, one road air enters the bottom of tower under the rectifying column after main heat exchanger is cooled to saturation temperature and partial liquefaction.Another road air is cooled to remove main heat exchanger bottom air duct near saturation temperature through the oxygen heat exchanger.Rectifying column generally adopts the twin-stage tower, is made up of Xia Ta, Shang Ta and condenser/evaporator.Air obtains pre-separation at Xia Ta, obtains oxygen-enriched liquid air in the bottom of tower, after tower bottom is drawn down, goes into to go up the phegma that rectifying is done at the tower middle part after liquid air subcooler is crossed cold and throttling expansion.Obtain nitrogen at following top of tower, small part can be made product nitrogen and go technology precalculated position or user after the main heat exchanger re-heat.Most of nitrogen is condensed into liquid nitrogen with the liquid oxygen heat exchange in condenser/evaporator.Part liquid nitrogen becomes the down phegma of tower, and another part liquid nitrogen is drawn from tower down, crosses cold back small part through liquid air subcooler and can do the outer confession of product, most of through the laggard upward top of tower of throttling expansion as phegma.At the liquid oxygen that last tower bottom obtains, a part can be drawn as product, and major part is become gas oxygen by nitrogen condensation heating in condenser/evaporator, participate in rectifying as ascending air.Unnecessary liquid oxygen is drawn from the condenser/evaporator bottom, crosses cold after cryogenic liquid pump boosts through liquid oxygen supercooler, through the gasification of oxygen heat exchanger, goes technology precalculated position or user after the re-heat again.Can obtain dirty nitrogen at last top of tower.Through liquid nitrogen and liquid air subcooler, cold section re-heat of main heat exchanger made the regeneration source of the gas of purifier or make the regeneration source of the gas after the braking blower of decompressor boosted to uniform temperature decontamination nitrogen decompressor step-down cooling, externally work done after liquid oxygen supercooler and main heat exchanger re-heat.Come separation of air to obtain higher oxygen, the nitrogen product of oxygen, nitrogen product, particularly pressure of different shape with equipment in this way, the power consumption of unit product is higher, and the cost performance of equipment is relatively poor.
The Chinese patent notification number is CN1153896A, Granted publication day is on 07 09th, 1997, the name of invention is called air separating method and equipment, this application case discloses a kind of method of separation of air, comprise: carry out a plurality of compression steps with compression and recompression air stream, by and at least one products of separated between heat exchange, the first recompression air of first logistics of cooling recompression air and partial liquefaction cooling at least flows, by external acting at least one second recompression air stream is expanded, second air stream that rectifying at least a portion liquefied air and at least a portion expand, thereby form oxygen cut and nitrogen cut, extraction liquid oxygen and/or liquid nitrogen product from distillation process, make a part of second air stream that expands flow through the heat exchanger channels of the centre, position between rectifying and a compression step downstream and another compression step upstream, regulate the ratio of total oxygen product of liquid oxygen and/or liquid nitrogen product and extraction, the direction that conversion is flowed by described heat exchanger channels, the ratio of second logistics of the expansion of auxiliary adjustment circulation.Wherein weak point is to utilize the method and apparatus of this invention to come separation of air to obtain higher oxygen, the nitrogen product of oxygen, nitrogen product, particularly pressure of different shape, and the power consumption of unit product is higher, and the cost performance of equipment is relatively poor.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to solve existing air separating method and equipment comes separation of air to obtain oxygen, the nitrogen product of different shape, higher oxygen, the nitrogen product of pressure particularly, the power consumption of unit product is higher, the problem that the cost performance of equipment is relatively poor provides the low cost performance of a kind of power consumption method and device thereof that high supercharging air stream backed expansion compressed air separates.
For realizing above purpose, technical scheme of the present invention is the device that a kind of supercharging air stream backed expansion compressed air separates, comprise compressor, main heat exchanger and rectifying column, the outlet of compressor is connected with purification devices, described rectifying column comprises Shang Ta and Xia Ta, the described tower bottom of going up is provided with condenser/evaporator, described purification devices is connected with supercharger, the outlet of described supercharger connects the aerobic heat exchanger, the outlet of described oxygen heat exchanger is connected with the bottom of following tower, described tower bottom import down is connected with the outlet of main heat exchanger, the described outlet of tower bottom down is connected with liquid air subcooler, described liquid air subcooler first outlet is connected with last tower middle part, described upward tower bottom first outlet is connected with the main condenser evaporimeter with following top of tower first outlet simultaneously, described upward tower bottom second outlet is connected with liquid air subcooler with following top of tower second outlet simultaneously, described liquid air subcooler second outlet is connected with last top of tower, described upward tower bottom the 3rd outlet is connected with liquid oxygen supercooler, described liquid oxygen supercooler first outlet is connected with cryogenic liquid pump, the outlet of described cryogenic liquid pump passes the oxygen heat exchanger, the described top of tower outlet of going up passes liquid air subcooler and liquid oxygen supercooler simultaneously, pass main heat exchanger once more and be connected with dirty nitrogen decompressor, described dirty nitrogen decompressor outlet passes liquid air subcooler successively, main heat exchanger is connected with the decompressor booster with recuperator.In air separation equipment, increased and utilized the decompressor of dirty nitrogen, reduced the consumption of electric energy in the air separation process, made the oxygen nitrogen cost performance of product height of isolating different shape for working medium.
As preferably, be connected with precooler between described supercharger and the oxygen heat exchanger.Before compressed air enters the oxygen heat exchanger, utilize precooler compressed air to cool off, increased the heat exchange efficiency of oxygen heat exchanger to a certain extent.
As preferably, described precooler is a water cooler.Precooler is a water cooler, utilize water as working media, compares electricity cooling cycle, has reduced equipment consumption to electric energy when separation of air to a certain extent
As preferably, second outlet of described liquid air subcooler is provided with the liquid nitrogen outlet.Liquid nitrogen outlet on second outlet of liquid air subcooler can be the user provides liquid nitrogen.
As preferably, the tube connector of described liquid oxygen supercooler and cryogenic liquid pump is provided with the liquid oxygen outlet.Liquid oxygen outlet on the tube connector of liquid oxygen supercooler and cryogenic liquid pump can be the user provides liquid oxygen.
As preferably, described oxygen heat exchanger is provided with the outlet of pressure oxygen.The oxygen that last tower bottom produces provides the gaseous state oxygen of various pressure by after the main heat exchanger heat exchange for the user in the outlet of pressure oxygen.
As preferably, described main heat exchanger is provided with nitrogen outlet.Nitrogen outlet on the main heat exchanger can be the gaseous nitrogen atmosphere that the user provides various pressure.
The method that a kind of supercharging air stream backed expansion compressed air separates is characterized in that adopting following step:
A) air of process compressor compresses, in precooler the cooling and in purification devices, remove objectionable impurities such as moisture, carbon dioxide and acetylene after, one road air is through main heat exchanger, after being cooled to saturation temperature and partial liquefaction with the gas converting heat that backflows, enter the bottom of tower under the rectifying column, another road air enters the oxygen heat exchanger after the cooling of supercharger supercharging and water cooler, and be cooled near saturation temperature after the pressure oxygen heat exchange of backflowing, through entering the bottom of tower under the rectifying column after the throttling expansion;
B) after isolating liquid, become the ascending air of tower down, fully contact at column plate up and down flow liquid body and carry out the caloic exchange, obtain oxygen-enriched liquid air in the bottom of following tower;
C) after oxygen-enriched liquid air is drawn down tower, dirty nitrogen is cold excessively through returning polluted nitrogen that liquid air subcooler is extracted out by last top of tower and after expanding, enter his middle part as the phegma of last tower rectifying through throttling expansion again, top at following tower obtains nitrogen, small part nitrogen can be drawn as product, supply outside after re-heat, condenser/evaporator and the liquid oxygen heat exchange of most of nitrogen between Liang Ta is condensed into liquid nitrogen, wherein a part of liquid nitrogen becomes the phegma of tower rectifying down, after remaining liquid nitrogen is drawn from the condenser/evaporator bottom, dirty nitrogen is cold excessively through returning polluted nitrogen that liquid air subcooler is extracted out by last top of tower and after expanding, the small part liquid nitrogen is as the outer confession of product, and most of liquid nitrogen enters the phegma that top of tower does to go up tower rectifying through throttling expansion;
D) flow liquid body and ascending air fully contact and carry out caloic and exchange up and down at column plate through the phegma of last top of tower rectifying, obtain liquid oxygen at last tower bottom, amass in condenser/evaporator, draw a part of liquid oxygen behind liquid oxygen supercooler, can be used as outside the product for and after cryogenic liquid pump boosts, after the re-heat of oxygen heat exchanger, go to use a little again, most of liquid oxygen is heated into the rising steam of tower in the oxygen conduct by nitrogen in condenser/evaporator, last top of tower obtains returning polluted nitrogen, after returning polluted nitrogen is drawn tower, remove subcooler, cold section of main heat exchanger, it is cold to go decompressor to produce after re-heat, and the dirty nitrogen after the expansion goes technology to use point again after subcooler and main heat exchanger re-heat.Rectifying column is divided into Shang Ta and Xia Ta, at last tower bottom condenser/evaporator is arranged, increased dirty nitrogen decompressor, the saturation temperature of the returning polluted nitrogen that obtains at last top of tower is lower, entering dirty nitrogen decompressor in a certain temperature of liquid air subcooler and cold section re-heat of main heat exchanger produces cold, remedy the cold consumption of fractionating column, reduced the consumption of electric energy to a certain extent, thereby reduced the production cost of air separation.
As preferably, the described operating pressure of tower down is below the 1.14Mpa, and the operating pressure of last tower is below the 0.32Mpa.The operating pressure of following tower is below the 1.14Mpa, keeping under the needed pressure of air separation, the air-separating plant energy consumption is low, and the operating pressure of last tower is below the 0.32Mpa, it is smooth and easy to help in the air separation process fluid flow inside, more helps the cold-smoothing weighing apparatus of each heat exchanger.
The present invention has following beneficial effect: rectifying column is divided into Shang Ta and Xia Ta, at last tower bottom condenser/evaporator is arranged, increased dirty nitrogen decompressor, the saturation temperature of the returning polluted nitrogen that obtains at last top of tower is lower, entering dirty nitrogen decompressor in a certain temperature of liquid air subcooler and cold section re-heat of main heat exchanger produces cold, remedy the cold consumption of fractionating column, reduced the consumption of electric energy to a certain extent, thereby reduced the production cost of air separation, safer more reliable than similar external compression flow process, operation and maintenance are simple.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of the present invention.
1, booster; 2, precooler; 3, main heat exchanger; 4, oxygen heat exchanger; 5, dirty nitrogen decompressor; 6, Shang Ta; 7, Xia Ta; 8, condenser/evaporator; 9, liquid air subcooler; 10, liquid oxygen supercooler; 11, cryogenic liquid pump; 12, recuperator; 13, decompressor booster; 14, liquid air subcooler first outlet; 15, go up tower bottom first outlet; 16, top of tower first outlet down; 17, go up tower bottom second outlet, 18, top of tower second outlet down, 19, upward tower bottom the 3rd outlet; 20, liquid air subcooler second outlet; 21, liquid oxygen outlet; 22, liquid nitrogen outlet; 23, pressure oxygen outlet; 24, nitrogen outlet, 25, technology are used point; 26, compressor; 27, purification devices.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, technical scheme of the present invention is further described:
Embodiment:
The device (seeing accompanying drawing 1) that supercharging air stream backed expansion compressed air separates, comprise compressor 26, main heat exchanger 3 and rectifying column, rectifying column comprises tower 6 and following tower 7, last tower 6 bottoms are provided with condenser/evaporator 8, compressor 26 is connected with purification devices 27, the outlet of purification devices 27 is connected with supercharger 1, the outlet of supercharger 1 connects aerobic heat exchanger 4, the oxygen heat exchanger is provided with pressure oxygen outlet 23, be connected with precooler 2 between supercharger 1 and the oxygen heat exchanger 4, precooler 2 is a water cooler, the outlet of oxygen heat exchanger 4 is connected with the bottom of following tower 7, following tower 7 bottom inlet are connected with the outlet of main heat exchanger 3, main heat exchanger is provided with nitrogen outlet 24, the outlet of following tower bottom is connected with liquid air subcooler 9, liquid air subcooler first outlet 14 is connected with last tower middle part, last tower bottom first outlet 15 is connected with main heat exchanger 4 with following top of tower first outlet 16 simultaneously, last tower bottom second outlet 17 is connected with liquid air subcooler 9 with following top of tower second outlet 18 simultaneously, liquid air subcooler second outlet 20 is connected with last top of tower, second outlet of liquid air subcooler is provided with liquid nitrogen outlet 21, last tower bottom the 3rd outlet 19 is connected with liquid oxygen supercooler 10, liquid oxygen supercooler 10 first outlets are connected with cryogenic liquid pump 11, the tube connector of liquid oxygen supercooler and cryogenic liquid pump is provided with liquid oxygen outlet 22, the outlet of cryogenic liquid pump 11 passes oxygen heat exchanger 4, last top of tower outlet passes liquid air subcooler 9 and liquid oxygen supercooler 10 simultaneously, passing main heat exchanger 4 once more is connected with dirty nitrogen decompressor 5, dirty nitrogen decompressor 5 outlets pass liquid air subcooler successively, main heat exchanger is connected with decompressor booster 13 with recuperator 12, and the outlet of decompressor booster 13 is connected to technology and uses point 25.
The method that supercharging air stream backed expansion compressed air separates, concrete air separating technological following (seeing accompanying drawing 1):
The raw air that in precooler 2, cools off and in purification devices 27, remove objectionable impurities such as moisture, carbon dioxide and acetylene through compressor 27 compressions, a part after main heat exchanger 3 is cooled to saturation temperature and partial liquefaction in another part air through 1 supercharging of supercharging air machine, enter oxygen heat exchanger 4 after water cooler 2 cooling and be cooled near entering tower 7 under the rectifying column after saturation temperature and the throttling expansion; Rectifying column is made up of the condenser/evaporator 8 that descends tower 7, go up between tower 6 and two towers, and following tower volume operating pressure is below the 1.14Mpa (G), and the operating pressure of last tower is below 0.3 2Mpa (G); Two strands of raw airs become the ascending air of tower 7 down in following tower 7 bottoms after isolating liquid, fully contact at column plate up and down flow liquid body and carry out the caloic exchange; Obtain oxygen-enriched liquid air in the following bottom of tower 7, after this oxygen-enriched liquid air is drawn down tower 7, the returning polluted nitrogen that is come by last tower 6 tops through liquid air subcooler 9 earlier, the dirty nitrogen in back that expands is cold excessively, and enters tower 6 middle parts through throttling expansion and become the upward phegma of tower 6 rectifying.Obtain nitrogen at following tower 7 tops, small part can be used as product after main heat exchanger 3 re-heats, does outside confession.Most of nitrogen is condensed into liquid nitrogen at condenser/evaporator 8 with the liquid oxygen heat exchange.The part conduct of this liquid nitrogen is the phegma of tower 7 rectifying down, and remaining liquid nitrogen is cold excessively through liquid air subcooler 9, and small part is as the outer confession of nitrogen products, and major part advances to go up the phegma of the top of tower 6 as rectifying through throttling expansion; Fully contact with ascending air on column plate through the phegma of last top of tower rectifying and to carry out the caloic exchange, bottom at last tower 6 obtains liquid oxygen, through the cold excessively liquid oxygen of liquid oxygen supercooler 10, a part can be used as product and supplies outward, part liquid oxygen obtains required pressure through on the cryogenic liquid pump 11, become the pressure oxygen product and go to use a little after 4 re-heats of oxygen heat exchanger, remaining liquid oxygen is heated into gas-liquid mixture by the nitrogen condensation in condenser/evaporator 8, becomes ascending air and the circulating fluid of going up tower 6; Through last tower 6 rectifying, the returning polluted nitrogen that obtains at last tower 6 tops removes returning polluted nitrogen decompressor 5 through liquid air subcooler 9 after 3 cold sections re-heats of main heat exchanger, enters liquid air subcooler 9 again after the step-down cooling, goes to the technology precalculated position after main heat exchanger 3 and raw air heat exchange.
The above-mentioned specific embodiment is used for the present invention that explains, rather than limits the invention, and in the protection domain of spirit of the present invention and claim, any modification and change to the present invention makes all fall into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the device that separates of a supercharging air stream backed expansion compressed air, comprise compressor, main heat exchanger and rectifying column, the outlet of compressor is connected with purification devices, it is characterized in that, described rectifying column comprises Shang Ta and Xia Ta, the described tower bottom of going up is provided with condenser/evaporator, described purification devices is connected with supercharger, the outlet of described supercharger connects the aerobic heat exchanger, the outlet of described oxygen heat exchanger is connected with the bottom of following tower, described tower bottom import down is connected with the outlet of main heat exchanger, the described outlet of tower bottom down is connected with liquid air subcooler, described liquid air subcooler first outlet is connected with last tower middle part, described upward tower bottom first outlet is connected with main heat exchanger with following top of tower first outlet simultaneously, described upward tower bottom second outlet is connected with liquid air subcooler with following top of tower second outlet simultaneously, described liquid air subcooler second outlet is connected with last top of tower, described upward tower bottom the 3rd outlet is connected with liquid oxygen supercooler, described liquid oxygen supercooler first outlet is connected with cryogenic liquid pump, the outlet of described cryogenic liquid pump passes the oxygen heat exchanger, the described top of tower outlet of going up passes liquid air subcooler and liquid oxygen supercooler simultaneously, pass main heat exchanger once more and be connected with dirty nitrogen decompressor, described dirty nitrogen decompressor outlet passes liquid air subcooler successively, main heat exchanger is connected with the decompressor booster with recuperator.
2. the device that supercharging air stream backed expansion compressed air according to claim 1 separates is characterized in that, is connected with precooler between described supercharger and the oxygen heat exchanger.
3. the device that supercharging air stream backed expansion compressed air according to claim 2 separates is characterized in that described precooler is a water cooler.
4. according to the device of claim 1 or 2 or 3 described supercharging air stream backed expansion compressed airs separation, it is characterized in that second outlet of described liquid air subcooler is provided with the liquid nitrogen outlet.
5. according to the device of claim 1 or 2 or 3 described supercharging air stream backed expansion compressed airs separation, it is characterized in that the tube connector of described liquid oxygen supercooler and cryogenic liquid pump is provided with the liquid oxygen outlet.
6. according to the device of claim 1 or 2 or 3 described supercharging air stream backed expansion compressed airs separation, it is characterized in that described oxygen heat exchanger is provided with the outlet of pressure oxygen.
7. according to the device of claim 1 or 2 or 3 described supercharging air stream backed expansion compressed airs separation, it is characterized in that described main heat exchanger is provided with nitrogen outlet.
8. the method that supercharging air stream backed expansion compressed air according to claim 1 separates is characterized in that adopting following step:
A) air of process compressor compresses, in precooler the cooling and in purification devices, remove objectionable impurities such as moisture, carbon dioxide and acetylene after, one road air is through main heat exchanger, after being cooled to saturation temperature and partial liquefaction with the gas converting heat that backflows, enter the bottom of tower under the rectifying column, another road air enters the oxygen heat exchanger after the cooling of supercharger supercharging and water cooler, and be cooled near saturation temperature after the pressure oxygen heat exchange of backflowing, through entering the bottom of tower under the rectifying column after the throttling expansion;
B) two strands of raw airs become the ascending air of tower down after isolating liquid, fully contact at column plate up and down flow liquid body and carry out the caloic exchange, obtain oxygen-enriched liquid air in the bottom of following tower;
C) after oxygen-enriched liquid air is drawn down tower, dirty nitrogen is cold excessively through returning polluted nitrogen that liquid air subcooler is extracted out by last top of tower and after expanding, enter the phegma of tower middle part through throttling expansion again as last tower rectifying, top at following tower obtains nitrogen, small part nitrogen can be drawn as product, supply outside after re-heat, condenser/evaporator and the liquid oxygen heat exchange of most of nitrogen between Liang Ta is condensed into liquid nitrogen, wherein a part of liquid nitrogen becomes the phegma of tower rectifying down, after remaining liquid nitrogen is drawn from the condenser/evaporator bottom, dirty nitrogen is cold excessively through returning polluted nitrogen that liquid air subcooler is extracted out by last top of tower and after expanding, the small part liquid nitrogen is as the outer confession of product, and most of liquid nitrogen enters the phegma that top of tower does to go up tower rectifying through throttling expansion;
D) flow liquid body and ascending air fully contact and carry out caloic and exchange up and down at column plate through the phegma of last top of tower rectifying, obtain liquid oxygen at last tower bottom, amass in condenser/evaporator, draw a part of liquid oxygen behind liquid oxygen supercooler, can be used as outside the product for and after cryogenic liquid pump boosts, after the re-heat of oxygen heat exchanger, go to use a little again, most of liquid oxygen is heated into the rising steam of tower in the oxygen conduct by nitrogen in condenser/evaporator, last top of tower obtains returning polluted nitrogen, after returning polluted nitrogen is drawn tower, remove subcooler, cold section of main heat exchanger, it is cold to go decompressor to produce after re-heat, and the dirty nitrogen after the expansion goes technology to use point again after subcooler and main heat exchanger re-heat.
9. the method that supercharging air stream backed expansion compressed air according to claim 8 separates is characterized in that, the described operating pressure of tower down is below the 1.14Mpa, and the operating pressure of last tower is below the 0.32Mpa.
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| CN103575064A (en) * | 2012-07-23 | 2014-02-12 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Device and method for oxygen and nitrogen separation through air and rapid increase of pressure nitrogen loads |
| CN103712417A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-04-09 | 上海启元空分技术发展股份有限公司 | Method and device for separating air through steps of air pressurizing, reflux expansion and internal compression |
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