CN102226377B - Drill string equipped with downhole blowout preventer and working method thereof - Google Patents
Drill string equipped with downhole blowout preventer and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102226377B CN102226377B CN 201110138601 CN201110138601A CN102226377B CN 102226377 B CN102226377 B CN 102226377B CN 201110138601 CN201110138601 CN 201110138601 CN 201110138601 A CN201110138601 A CN 201110138601A CN 102226377 B CN102226377 B CN 102226377B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a downhole blowout prevention technology and belongs to the technical field of downhole blowout prevention. The invention relates to a drill string equipped with a downhole blowout preventer, and the drill string comprises a drill string body, wherein a drill bit is arranged at the bottom of the drill string body. The drill string is characterized in that the downhole blowout preventer is mounted on the drill string body, at least one pressure monitoring and signal generating device is arranged at one end, adjacent to the drill bit, of the drill string body, a signal receiving and alarm generating device is arranged at the upper part of the top of the drill string body, and the signal receiving and alarm generating device is matched with the pressure monitoring and signal generating device. By adopting the drill string equipped with the downhole blowout preventer, downhole well kick or blowout can be effectively monitored; and furthermore, the alarm signal transfer speed is fast, measures can be timely and effectively adopted for implementing well sealing, the blowout preventer is positioned above a neutralization point, the blowout preventer is in a tension state, the purposes of placing a pipe column downwards for setting and lifting the pipe column upwards for unsealing can be realized, and the well kick or the blowout can be effectively prevented.
Description
Technical field
Blowout prevention technology when the present invention relates in a kind of oilfield drilling process, well kick, blowout occur.
Background technology
In the each task of oil exploration and oil field development, drilling well plays a very important role, such as seeking and confirm oil gas structure, obtain commercial oil, verify oily area and the reserves of certified oil gas structure, obtain geologic information and the development data in relevant oil field, come etc. none not complete by drilling well from the underground ground of getting crude oil at last, drilling well is an important step of exploration and recover petroleum and natural gas resource, is the important means of exploration and development oil.
In drilling process, when bore meeting oil-gas Layer, if bottom pressure lower than strata pressure, formation fluid will enter well, after layer fluid enters well in large quantities, just might produce well kick, blowout is even caught fire etc., leads to major accident.Therefore, in drilling process, adopting an effective measure, to carry out that Oil/gas Well pressure controls be an extremely important link of drilling safety.But, especially all the more so when new block is pried into well because the pressure of high-pressure oil-gas layer is difficult to Accurate Prediction, so the thing that in drilling process, the stratum high-pressure oil gas enters well happens occasionally.Below all the well kick gas blowout accident might occur in three kinds of situations: in drilling process, remove drilling rod process, empty well state.Empty well state generation blowout probability is very low, if the process of making a trip can be controlled the speed of making a trip well, prevent excessive suction force, can effectively reduce well kick gas blowout accident occurrence probability, and in drilling process because of can't Accurate Prediction high-pressure oil gas stressor layer, the maximum probability of well kick blowout occurs.
When finding well kick, blowout sign, rapidly and efficiently carry out closing well and kill job is the important guarantee that effectively reduces gas blowout accident.Yet traditional observes overflow judge namely when overflow is found on ground, had shortcomings such as having the bad assurance of the degree of accuracy and the serious hysteresis of judgement a large amount of stratum liquid to invade in well, and caused follow-up kill job difficulty to well kick by well head.and adopt the PWD system (Pressure While Drilling pressure monitoring while drilling system) can the Real-Time Monitoring annular pressure, and pressure signal can be uploaded to ground, but this system price is expensive, realize that penetration and promotion is more difficult, and be that the mud-pulse mode that adopts is carried out transfer of data, signaling rate is slow, easily produce error code, also there is signal transmission delay to a certain degree, especially after having begun to invade in well, local floor height hydraulic fluid (especially gas) can affect the transmission channel of this signal, cause the bit error rate to raise and even can't carry out the signal transmission.
When finding well kick, blowout sign, rapidly and efficiently carry out closing well and kill job is the important guarantee that effectively reduces gas blowout accident.Traditional pass well operations (domestic multiplex soft closing) is: after finding well kick, first open choke valve, close again preventer, little to wellhead assembly and annular space water hammer like this, but because its closed-in time is long, formation fluid intrusion amount is larger, and the extra formation fluid that increases also can have additonal pressure to wellhead assembly and stratum, can bring difficulty to kill-job.
At present, preventer used in the oilfield drilling process is installed on well head more, in drilling process, the nearly drill bit of drill string place can be equipped with the adverse current that arrow type flap valve prevents the drill string inner fluid, and wellhead blowout preventor is multiplex in the packing annular space in drilling process, only have when need to cut off the drilling rod operation, just carry out the full hole shut-in well.After the possible well kick phenomenon in aboveground discovery down-hole, opening control system is completed wellhead blowout preventor and is closed well operations as operating personnel, occurs to prevent gas blowout accident.The action of this class preventer, necessary experience and the sense of responsibility that relies on operating personnel may prevent that just gas blowout accident from occuring.If operating personnel lack experience or the carelessness when working, fail in time to find well kick or blowout sign, serious accident will occur.and traditional wellhead blowout preventor is after closing well operations, that carries out replaces the mud lubrication operating time long, can cause more bottom fluid to be invaded in pit shaft, strengthened down-hole annular pressure reduction, thereby strengthened the difficulty of controlling blowout, simultaneously traditional signal transmission, all to realize by mud-pulse, it is mainly to adding a mud pulse generator in the middle of the mud circulation pipeline, carry out two-way communication, therefore no matter be the collection of underground signal or the control of follow-up blowout prevention, the transmission speed of its signal is all slower, and length consuming time, can not play the effect of early warning and blowout prevention at all.The therefore necessary design one new drill column structure of cover, be provided with a kind of down-hole pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus in this new drill column structure, this device is with the drill string G.I.H, annular pressure in well is carried out Real-Time Monitoring, can judge it when finding that annular pressure changes, if being judged as the stratum high-pressure fluid invades, when well kick blowout sign namely may occur, within the shortest time, well kick blowout signal is delivered to ground with sound wave or electromagnetic form by drilling rod, the ground staff just can make a response to well kick, blowout within the very first time like this.also need to install a kind of downhole annular blowout preventer on this drill column structure, this annular blowout preventer is placed in the down-hole, when ground receives shaft bottom well kick blowout signal, operation downhole annular blowout preventer packing annular space, and the flap valve at nearly drill bit place is effectively in the packing drill string, and can be above annular packer after packing in the conducting drill string and annular space, so that the follow-up downhole annular blowout preventer for the weighted mud kill job, and adopt this down-hole annular packer to coordinate nearly drill bit flap valve (one way valve) and early stage well kick overflow early warning system, can reach early and find, the well control guideline of early processing, and the operation of more conventional well control is more easily carried out.
Summary of the invention
goal of the invention of the present invention is: for the problem of above-mentioned existence, provide a kind of simple in structure, use very convenient, operate very easy, in time well kick or the blowout under monitor well, and can shunt in a well rapidly, effectively prevent the drill string that downhole blow-out preventer is installed and method of work thereof that gas blowout accident occurs, this is equipped with the drill string of downhole blow-out preventer, well kick under monitor well or blowout effectively, and one way signal transmission, the alarm signal transmission speed is fast, can take measures in time to implement shut-in well, preventer is positioned at the position more than the point of neutralization, preventer is in tension state, can realize that transferring tubing string sets, upper lifting pipe post deblocking, this is equipped with the drill string of downhole blow-out preventer, preventer is done with driller, can realize repeatedly that in the down-hole blowout prevention sets the action with deblocking, need not trip out drill string and carry out the preventer replacing, can reuse, reduce overall cost, the method of work of the drill string of Underwell anti-injection is installed, the method simple possible, easy and simple to handle, be swift in response, registration between each component can be monitored well kick or the blowout of down-hole effectively, realizes rapidly shut-in well and deblocking, prevent the generation of gas blowout accident, guarantee the use safety in drilling process.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
The drill string that downhole blow-out preventer is installed of the present invention, comprise the drill string body, the bottom of described drill string body is provided with drill bit, on the drill string body, downhole blow-out preventer is installed, an end at the contiguous drill bit of drill string body is provided with at least one pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus, be provided with signal on the top at the top of drill string body and receive and alarm generator, described signal receives and alarm generator is complementary with pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus.
owing to having adopted said structure, bottom at the drill string body, an end that is the contiguous drill bit of drill string is provided with pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus, be used for the force value in the supervision down-hole of drilling process, in case when finding that the force value of down-hole changes suddenly, the program that this pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus are set by contrast, when this pressure signal is abnormal pressure, promptly send signal, this signal is arranged at the kelly bar upper end at drill string top or top and drives the signal receiver that the lower end arranges and accept, this signal receiver receives by signal immediately and alarm generator sends alarm signal, control this moment personnel can promptly make a response, the unexpected situation that the reply down-hole occurs, transferring the drill string body sets, realize the sealing of annular space in well, reach the effect of controlling well kick and blowout.After blowout is controlled, on carry the drill string deblocking, easy to operate, blowout prevention is effective.the drill string that downhole blow-out preventer is installed of the present invention, can in time detect the pressure condition of down-hole, can the abnormal alarm operation of completed well downforce, the while drill string that downhole blow-out preventer is installed of the present invention, adopt unidirectional signal transmission that the phenomenon of down-hole is judged, namely broken those skilled in the art's technology prejudice, the detection of existing technician to phenomenons such as down-hole blowout or well kicks, what all adopt is two-way communication, because the time that two-way communication is spent is long, and signal constantly decay in transmitting procedure, compare by down-hole and aboveground multiple signal, send again alarm signal, signal delay is longer, reacted slow, can not get rid of dangerous situation in time, and the present invention adopts unidirectional signal transmission, can realize that the down-hole reacts rapidly and send signal, transmit fast warning message, can immediately get rid of dangerous situation, guarantee to use safety.This signal can adopt multi-signal transmission, and as sound wave, electromagnetism wave-wave etc. make the transferable distance of signal increase, and can effectively detect well kick and the blowout of down-hole.The drill string of installation downhole blow-out preventer of the present invention forms a whole set of early warning and treatment system, can effectively prevent well kick and blowout etc.
The drill string of installation downhole blow-out preventer of the present invention, described pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus mainly pass through to detect the down-hole pressure value, and this force value is judged, if exceptional value is sent signal; If normal value is disregarded.
Owing to having adopted said structure, this pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus are after the force value of down-hole being detected, can promptly compare default program, judge again, when if this force value is abnormal force value, send at once signal, if when this force value is pressure oscillation in normal range (NR), disregard.This pressure monitoring and the signal generation apparatus automatically pressure of down-hole are compared and are judged, has the function of automatically correcting errors in printing, can effectively exclude the interference signal on the one hand, can effectively dangerous pressure be contrasted on the other hand, and promptly send signal, and be convenient to follow-up operation, be swift in response, can immediately the dangerous situation of down-hole be carried earthward, be convenient to control.
The drill string of installation downhole blow-out preventer of the present invention, the signal that pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus send are acoustic signals or electromagnetic wave signal.
Due to above-mentioned drill string, carry signal to adopt acoustic signals or electromagnetic wave signal, and the spread speed of this signal in down-hole or drill string is very fast, can be promptly the danger signal of down-hole be transmitted earthward, make the ground handling personnel can promptly know the down-hole situation, and can take measures in time to implement shut-in well, avoid the generation of dangerous situation.
The drill string of installation downhole blow-out preventer of the present invention, described signal receives and alarm generator mainly receives the signal that pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus send, and the electromagnetic wave signal that gives the alarm.
Owing to having adopted said structure, the lower end is driven on signal receives and alarm generator is installed on the drill string top on drill string body top kelly bar upper end or top, can receive by drilling rod the signal of down-hole, and promptly send the warning electromagnetic wave signal, give the alarm for the terrestrial operation personnel, carry out the blowout prevention shut-in well thereby be convenient to tissue.This drill string can promptly be converted to underground signal aboveground alarm signal, and transmission speed is quick.The drill string of installation downhole blow-out preventer of the present invention has formed a whole set of early warning and treatment system, can effectively prevent well kick and blowout etc.
The drill string of installation downhole blow-out preventer of the present invention, described downhole blow-out preventer can be realized setting by transferring the drill string body, by on carry the drill string body and realize deblocking.
Owing to having adopted said structure, make the drill string that downhole blow-out preventer is installed, can realize setting by transferring the drill string body, by on carry the drill string body and realize deblocking, thereby very convenient and swift of the packing operation that makes down-hole annular, moment can be realized shut-in well and deblocking, and it is consuming time few to shunt in a well, can effectively control the phenomenons such as well kick and blowout, guarantee the handling safety of creeping into.
The drill string of installation downhole blow-out preventer of the present invention, but the outer annular space of described downhole blow-out preventer packing drill string, in the process of annular space packing, but downhole blow-out preventer conducting drill string is interior and annular space.
Owing to having adopted said structure, in the packing process of annular space, but downhole blow-out preventer conducting drill string is interior and annular space, can make the drilling fluid in drilling rod enter into annular space, for follow-up provides passage for the weighted mud kill job, be beneficial to phenomenons such as eliminating blowout or well kick.
The drill string of installation downhole blow-out preventer of the present invention, described downhole blow-out preventer are arranged at the point of neutralization of drill string body and above position thereof, and when making drill string work, downhole blow-out preventer is in tension state.
Owing to having adopted said structure, the point of neutralization of drill string body is the separation of tension and pressurized, downhole blow-out preventer is installed on the position more than the point of neutralization of drill string, make downhole blow-out preventer in use be under the state of tension, special construction due to preventer, in usual drilling process, preventer is in tension state, and the downhole blow-out preventer of this moment possesses the function of transmitting torque.
The drill string of installation downhole blow-out preventer of the present invention, described downhole blow-out preventer mainly is comprised of annular blowout preventer and flap valve, described flap valve is arranged at the below of annular blowout preventer, be provided with packing element and preventer conducting orifice on described annular blowout preventer, described preventer conducting orifice is arranged at above packing element.
Owing to having adopted said structure, annular blowout preventer on drill string, be used for the outer annular space of packing drill string, and the drill string blowout preventer on drill string, be flap valve, be used for stop on the mud in drill string and return, flap valve and downhole annular blowout preventer one work not only in the packing drill string but also while packing annular space, thereby control the generation of blowout, eliminate danger.And annular blowout preventer is mainly by packing element, and realization and sleeve pipe or the borehole wall carry out packing, guarantees the packing good seal of annular space, and the preventer conducting orifice is mainly used in the conducting drill string and annular space, for follow-up provides passage for the weighted mud kill job.
The drill string of installation downhole blow-out preventer of the present invention, described annular blowout preventer comprises upper binding head, upper outer sleeve, inner sleeve, lower contact, central tube and packing element, upper binding head is fixedly connected with upper outer sleeve, inner sleeve, described central tube is coated at the inside of upper binding head, upper outer sleeve, inner sleeve and lower contact, and the lower end of central tube is fixedly connected with lower contact; The lower end of described inner sleeve is set in the inboard, upper end of lower contact, and be spline fitted between inner sleeve and lower contact, the lower end of described inner sleeve can move freely with respect to lower contact along spline pair, the outside of described inner sleeve is set with packing element, described packing element can be by upper outer sleeve and lower contact extrusion expansion, be provided with the preventer conducting orifice on upper outer sleeve and central tube, when upper outer sleeve moved down, the preventer conducting orifice was switched on.
Drill string of the present invention, the downhole blow-out preventer that wherein adopts is mounted in the parts on the drill string point of neutralization, at first it want to satisfy the effect as a building block of drill string, namely want to bear certain pulling force when normally creeping into, want to bear certain pressure processing accident (well kick blowout prevention) time, also want to transmit enough moments of torsion in drilling process.Therefore adopting said structure, is spline fitted between inner sleeve and lower contact, and upper binding head is fixedly connected with upper outer sleeve, inner sleeve, and lower contact can be rotated simultaneously with inner sleeve, can be the normal use transmitting torque of drill string; The lower end of described inner sleeve can move freely with respect to lower contact along spline pair, can transfer tubing string and upper binding head is moved down realize setting, and prevents blowout or well kick; Because the lower end of central tube is fixedly connected with lower contact, therefore after top connection moves down, packing element is by upper outer sleeve and lower contact extrusion expansion, thereby the annular space between sealing drill string and the borehole wall or drill string and sleeve pipe is provided with the preventer conducting orifice, when upper outer sleeve moves down on upper outer sleeve and central tube, the preventer conducting orifice is switched on, this moment, the preventer conducting orifice was sealed on every side, can make the slurries in annular space enter in central tube, for follow-up provides passage for the weighted mud kill job; Effectively avoid blowout and well kick.The drill string of installation downhole blow-out preventer of the present invention can guarantee that drilling process continuously, safely, reliably, not only can be used for preventing well kick and blowout, can also carry-over moment, guarantee carrying out in order of drilling process, and be skillfully constructed, be fit to promote, can be installed on different well depth occasions, do with driller, can realize repeatedly that in the down-hole open flow sets the action with deblocking, need not mention drill string and change preventer, guarantee proceeding of drilling well work, and can reuse, reduce costs.
The drill string method of work that downhole blow-out preventer is installed in the present invention is characterized in that: in drilling process, when meeting high pressure reservoir or gas reservoir, need preventer to implement packing, its method of work is as follows:
101. pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus detect the force value of down-hole, and will be worth with the program of setting and compare, when if this force value is abnormal pressure, signal excitation device on starting pressure monitoring immediately and signal generation apparatus, the signal excitation device sends the pressure anomaly signal, this signal is upwards propagated along the drill string body, and the signal that is installed in drill string top receives and alarm generator receives, signal receives and alarm generator gives the alarm electromagnetic wave signal; If this force value is normal pressure, do not processed;
102. after ground receives signal, start emergency response, initiatively or automatically transfer the drill string body, the packing element in annular blowout preventer is extruded expansion, the annular space between packing element sealing drill string and the borehole wall or drill string and sleeve pipe is realized setting;
103. move down in the process that sets at downhole blow-out preventer, the preventer conducting orifice in annular blowout preventer is switched on, and is communicated with in drilling rod and annular space, and replaces the weighted mud kill job;
104. controlled when blowout, on carry the drill string body, the packing element automatic retraction in annular blowout preventer, annular blowout preventer are by deblocking, the preventer conducting orifice is closed simultaneously.
Owing to having adopted said method, can effectively monitor well kick or the blowout of down-hole, in drilling process, when meeting high pressure reservoir or gas reservoir, when needing to implement packing, can react rapidly, set the annular space between drill string and the borehole wall or drill string and sleeve pipe, realize rapidly shut-in well and deblocking, prevent the generation of gas blowout accident, guarantee the use safety in drilling process.The method simple possible, easy and simple to handle, be swift in response, the registration between each component.The signal that adopts in alarm procedure is one-way communication, can adopt multi-signal transmission, makes the transferable distance of signal increase, and can effectively detect well kick and the blowout of down-hole.
In sum, owing to having adopted technique scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the drill string that downhole blow-out preventer is installed of the present invention, well kick under monitor well or blowout effectively, and the alarm signal transmission speed is fast, can have and effectively take measures to implement shut-in well, preventer is positioned at the position more than the point of neutralization, and preventer is in tension state, can realize that transferring tubing string sets, upper lifting pipe post deblocking prevents well kick or blowout effectively;
2, the drill string that downhole blow-out preventer is installed of the present invention adopts the one way signal transmission, and can adopt multi-signal to transmit, transmission speed is fast, and is consuming time few, for being swift in response of dangerous situation, form a whole set of early warning and treatment system, can effectively prevent well kick and blowout etc.;
3, the method for work that the drill string of this Underwell anti-injection is installed of the present invention, the method simple possible, easy and simple to handle, be swift in response, can effectively monitor well kick or the blowout of down-hole, realize rapidly shut-in well and deblocking, prevent the generation of gas blowout accident, guarantee the use safety in drilling process.
Description of drawings
Examples of the present invention will be described by way of reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that the drill string of downhole blow-out preventer is installed in the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the annular blowout preventer in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the B-B view in Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the workflow diagram that the drill string of downhole blow-out preventer is installed of the present invention.
Mark in figure: 1-drill bit, 2-pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus, 2-1-the first pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus, 2-2-the second pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus, 3-downhole blow-out preventer, 3-1-flap valve, 3-2-annular blowout preventer, 3-2a-packing element, 3-2b-preventer conducting orifice, 3-2c-upper binding head, the upper outer sleeve of 3-2d-, 3-2e-inner sleeve, 3-2f-lower contact, 3-2g-central tube, 4-sleeve pipe, 5-drilling rod, 6-signal receive and alarm generator.
The specific embodiment
Disclosed all features in this manual, or the step in disclosed all methods or process except mutually exclusive feature and/or step, all can make up by any way.
This manual comprises any accessory claim, summary and accompanying drawing) in disclosed arbitrary feature, unless special narration all can be replaced by other equivalences or the alternative features with similar purpose.That is, unless special narration, each feature is an example in a series of equivalences or similar characteristics.
The drill string that downhole blow-out preventer is installed of the present invention, as Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 3, be provided with drill bit 1 on the drill string body, and be provided with downhole blow-out preventer 3 on the drill string body, this downhole blow-out preventer 3 is installed on the position more than the point of neutralization of drill string body, can certainly according to the actual needs, select not to be arranged on the position more than the point of neutralization.and the drill string body is positioned at sleeve pipe or the borehole wall, contiguous drill bit 1 one ends at the drill string body are provided with two pressure monitorings and signal generation apparatus 2, can certainly be set to according to the actual needs a plurality of, be respectively the first pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus 2-1 and the second pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus 2-2, be provided with the pressure acquisition device in two pressure monitorings and signal generation apparatus, force value analytical system and signaling device, when the pressure acquisition device detects the force value of down-hole, this force value can be passed to the force value analytical system, this force value analytical system compares force value and the setting program that collects, judge, if this force value is the abnormal pressure value, excitation signal issue device promptly, make it promptly send signal, comprise acoustic signals or electromagnetic wave signal, and this signal transmits earthward along drill string, due to acoustic signals or electromagnetic wave signal in limited space, down-hole, very fast of its spread speed, and suitable little of signal attenuation, be provided with signal receives and alarm generator 6 at the top of drill string body, this device and pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus 2 are complementary, can receive rapidly the signal that send the down-hole, and this signal is changed into the alarm electromagnetic wave signal, the staff on notice ground carries out the blowout prevention operation, whole alarm procedure was completed in several seconds, improved widely the reaction time of existing pre-alarm system, the sensitivity that makes reacting phase work as, for the detection of down-hole provides sound assurance.the drill string that downhole blow-out preventer is installed of the present invention, it is downhole blow-out preventer 3 above two pressure-detecting devices, and be positioned at the above position of the point of neutralization of drill string, when making drill string work, downhole blow-out preventer (3) is in tension state, this downhole blow-out preventer 3 mainly is comprised of flap valve 3-1 and annular blowout preventer 3-2, described flap valve 3-1 is arranged at the below of annular blowout preventer 3-1, be provided with packing element 3-2a and preventer conducting orifice 3-2b on described annular blowout preventer 3-1, described preventer conducting orifice 3-2b is arranged at packing element 3-2a top, above drill string blowout preventer 16.Described annular blowout preventer 3-2 comprises upper binding head 3-2c, upper outer sleeve 3-2d, inner sleeve 3-2e, lower contact 3-2f, central tube 3-2g and packing element 3-2a, upper binding head 3-2c is fixedly connected with upper outer sleeve 3-2d, inner sleeve 3-2e, described central tube 3-2g is coated at the inside of upper binding head 3-2c, upper outer sleeve 3-2d, inner sleeve 3-2e and lower contact 3-2f, and the lower end of central tube 3-2g is fixedly connected with lower contact 3-2f; The lower end of described inner sleeve 3-2e is set in the inboard, upper end of lower contact 3-2f, and be spline fitted between inner sleeve 3-2e and lower contact 3-2f, the lower end of described inner sleeve 3-2e can move freely with respect to lower contact 3-2f along spline pair, the outside of described inner sleeve 3-2e is set with packing element 3-2a, described packing element 3-2a can be by upper outer sleeve 3-2d and lower contact 3-2f extrusion expansion, be provided with preventer conducting orifice 3-2b on upper outer sleeve 3-2d and central tube 3-2g, when upper outer sleeve 3-2d moved down, preventer conducting orifice 3-2b was switched on.Make the present invention that the drill string of downhole blow-out preventer is installed, annular blowout preventer on drill string, be used for the outer annular space of packing drill string, and the drill string blowout preventer on drill string, be flap valve, be used for stop on the mud in drill string and return, flap valve and downhole annular blowout preventer one work not only in the packing drill string but also while packing annular space, thereby control the generation of blowout, eliminate danger.Preventer conducting orifice 3-2b is switched on, and is communicated with in drilling rod and annular space, the drilling fluid in drilling rod can be drained in annular space by preventer conducting orifice 3-2b, replaces the weighted mud kill job.And annular blowout preventer is mainly to pass through packing element, the materials such as packing element employing rubber are made, can realization and effective packing of sleeve pipe or the borehole wall, guarantee the packing good seal of annular space, and the preventer conducting orifice is mainly used in the conducting drill string and annular space, for follow-up provides passage for the weighted mud kill job, be beneficial to phenomenons such as eliminating blowout or well kick.This drill string can be realized setting by transferring the drill string body in the blowout prevention operating process, by on carry the drill string body and realize deblocking, very convenient and swift of operation can promptly be realized the packing of annular space in well, can carry out follow-up for the weighted mud kill job.Annular blowout preventer 3-2 in the present invention, upper binding head 3-2c wherein, upper outer sleeve 3-2d and inner sleeve 3-2e can be a monolithic construction, and described lower contact 3-2f also can adopt the two-part structure, includes spline segment and without spline segment, is convenient to save cost.
the downhole blow-out preventer that adopts in the present invention, simple in structure, easy to use, easy and simple to handle, in time well kick or the blowout under monitor well, adopt unidirectional signal transmission, and realize the data judgement of down-hole, can shorten widely the pre-warning time of dangerous situation, guaranteed that early warning is rapid, the safety of using, and transferring tubing string sets, upper lifting pipe post deblocking, guarantee shut-in well rapidly, prevent that effectively gas blowout accident from occuring, and can guarantee that drilling process is continuous, safety, reliably, and need not mention drill string after blowout prevention and change preventer, can reuse, reduce costs.
The method of work that the drill string of downhole blow-out preventer is installed of the present invention as shown in Figure 4, in drilling process, when meeting high pressure reservoir or gas reservoir, needs to implement packing, and its method of operating adopts following steps to complete:
101. pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus 2 detect the force value of down-hole, and will be worth with the program of setting and compare, when if this force value is abnormal pressure, signal excitation device on starting pressure monitoring immediately and signal generation apparatus 2, the signal excitation device sends the pressure anomaly signal, this signal is upwards propagated along the drill string body, and the signal that is installed in drill string top receives and alarm generator 6 receives, signal receives and alarm generator 6 gives the alarm electromagnetic wave signal; If this force value is normal pressure, do not processed;
After 102. ground receives signal, start emergency response, initiatively or automatically transfer the drill string body, the packing element 3-2a in annular blowout preventer 3-2 is extruded expansion, annular space between packing element 3-2a sealing drill string and the borehole wall or drill string and sleeve pipe is realized setting;
103. move down in the process that sets at downhole blow-out preventer 3, the preventer conducting orifice 3-2b in annular blowout preventer 3-2 is switched on, and is communicated with in drilling rod and annular space, and replaces the weighted mud kill job;
104. controlled when blowout, on carry the drill string body, the packing element 3-2a automatic retraction in annular blowout preventer 3-2, annular blowout preventer 3-2 are by deblocking, preventer conducting orifice 3-2b is closed simultaneously, continues to creep into or other actions.
The method of work that the drill string of downhole blow-out preventer is installed of the present invention, can effectively monitor well kick or the blowout of down-hole, in drilling process, when meeting high pressure reservoir or gas reservoir, when needing to implement packing, can react rapidly, set the annular space between drill string and the borehole wall or drill string and sleeve pipe, realize rapidly shut-in well and deblocking, prevent the generation of gas blowout accident, guarantee the use safety in drilling process.The method simple possible, easy and simple to handle, be swift in response, the registration between each component.The signal that adopts in alarm procedure is one-way communication, can adopt multi-signal transmission, makes the transferable distance of signal increase, and can effectively detect well kick and the blowout of down-hole.
The present invention is not limited to the aforesaid specific embodiment.The present invention expands to any new feature or any new combination that discloses in this manual, and the arbitrary new method that discloses or step or any new combination of process
Claims (8)
1. drill string that downhole blow-out preventer is installed, comprise the drill string body, the bottom of described drill string body is provided with drill bit (1), it is characterized in that: downhole blow-out preventer (3) is installed on the drill string body, an end at the contiguous drill bit of drill string body (1) is provided with at least one pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus (2), be provided with signal on the top at the top of drill string body and receive and alarm generator (6), described signal receives and alarm generator (6) is complementary with pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus (2), wherein said downhole blow-out preventer (3) mainly is comprised of annular blowout preventer (3-2) and flap valve (3-1), described flap valve (3-1) is arranged at the below of annular blowout preventer (3-2), be provided with packing element (3-2a) and preventer conducting orifice (3-2b) on described annular blowout preventer (3-2), described preventer conducting orifice (3-2b) is arranged at above packing element (3-2a), described annular blowout preventer (3-2) comprises upper binding head (3-2c), upper outer sleeve (3-2d), inner sleeve (3-2e), lower contact (3-2f), central tube (3-2g) and packing element (3-2a), upper binding head (3-2c) is fixedly connected with upper outer sleeve (3-2d), inner sleeve (3-2e), described central tube (3-2g) is placed in the inside of upper binding head (3-2c), upper outer sleeve (3-2d), inner sleeve (3-2e) and lower contact (3-2f), and the lower end of central tube (3-2g) is fixedly connected with lower contact (3-2f), the lower end of described inner sleeve (3-2e) is set in the inboard, upper end of lower contact (3-2f), and be spline fitted between inner sleeve (3-2e) and lower contact (3-2f), the lower end of described inner sleeve (3-2e) can move freely with respect to lower contact (3-2f) along spline pair, the outside of described inner sleeve (3-2e) is set with packing element (3-2a), described packing element (3-2a) can be by upper outer sleeve (3-2d) and lower contact (3-2f) extrusion expansion, be provided with preventer conducting orifice (3-2b) on upper outer sleeve (3-2d) and central tube (3-2g), upper outer sleeve (3-2d) is when moving down, preventer conducting orifice (3-2b) is switched on.
2. the drill string of installation downhole blow-out preventer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus (2) be mainly by detecting the down-hole pressure value, and this force value is judged, if exceptional value is sent signal; If normal value is disregarded.
3. the drill string of installation downhole blow-out preventer as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: the signal that pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus (2) send is acoustic signals or electromagnetic wave signal.
4. as the drill string of claim 1 or 2 or 3 described installation downhole blow-out preventers, it is characterized in that: described signal receives and alarm generator (6) mainly receives the signal that pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus (2) send, and the electromagnetic wave signal that gives the alarm.
5. as the drill string of claim 1 or 2 or 3 described installation downhole blow-out preventers, it is characterized in that: described downhole blow-out preventer (3) can be realized setting by transferring the drill string body, by on carry the drill string body and realize deblocking.
6. the drill string of installation downhole blow-out preventer as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: described downhole blow-out preventer (3) but the outer annular space of packing drill string, in annular space packing process, downhole blow-out preventer (3) but in the conducting drill string and annular space.
7. as claim 1 or 2 or the drill string of 3 or 6 described installation downhole blow-out preventers, it is characterized in that: described downhole blow-out preventer (3) is arranged at the point of neutralization of drill string body and above position thereof, and when making drill string work, downhole blow-out preventer (3) is in tension state.
8. method of work that the drill string of downhole blow-out preventer is installed as described in any one in claim 1 to 7 is characterized in that: in drilling process, when meeting high pressure reservoir or gas reservoir, need preventer to implement packing, its method of work is as follows:
101. pressure monitoring and signal generation apparatus (2) detect the force value of down-hole, and will be worth with the program of setting and compare, when if this force value is abnormal pressure, signal excitation device on starting pressure monitoring immediately and signal generation apparatus (2), the signal excitation device sends the pressure anomaly signal, this signal is upwards propagated along the drill string body, the signal that is installed in drill string top receives and alarm generator (6) receives, signal receives and alarm generator (6) gives the alarm electromagnetic wave signal; If this force value is normal pressure, disregard;
After 102. ground receives signal, start emergency response, initiatively or automatically transfer the drill string body, the packing element (3-2a) in annular blowout preventer (3-2) is extruded expansion, annular space between packing element (3-2a) sealing drill string and the borehole wall or drill string and sleeve pipe is realized setting;
103. in the process that downhole blow-out preventer (3) sets, the preventer conducting orifice (3-2b) in annular blowout preventer (3-2) is switched on, and is communicated with in drilling rod and annular space, and replaces the weighted mud kill job;
104. controlled when blowout, on carry the drill string body, packing element (3-2a) automatic retraction in annular blowout preventer (3-2), annular blowout preventer (3-2) are by deblocking, preventer conducting orifice (3-2b) is closed simultaneously.
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| CN 201110138601 CN102226377B (en) | 2011-05-26 | 2011-05-26 | Drill string equipped with downhole blowout preventer and working method thereof |
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| CN 201110138601 CN102226377B (en) | 2011-05-26 | 2011-05-26 | Drill string equipped with downhole blowout preventer and working method thereof |
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| BR112015011017A2 (en) | 2012-12-28 | 2017-07-11 | Halliburton Energy Services Inc | methods for mitigating unwanted pressure variations in a wellbore and for mitigating unwanted pressure differentials, and well tool column |
| CN106801602A (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2017-06-06 | 西南石油大学 | Using the method for the pressure wave signal real-time monitoring gas cut of measurement while drilling instrument |
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| CN109281635A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-01-29 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of explosion excitation formula downhole annular blowout preventer |
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| CN109611052B (en) * | 2019-02-20 | 2020-10-27 | 中国科学技术大学 | Casing packer |
| CN116006158A (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2023-04-25 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Underground pressure monitoring device |
| CN114737909B (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2023-09-12 | 建湖县杰林石化机械有限公司 | Pressure annular blowout preventer |
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