CN102184730A - Feed-forward active noise barrier - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a feed-forward active noise barrier, which comprises a passive noise barrier and a single-channel feed-forward active control system array. Each single-channel feed-forward active control system forming the array comprises a reference microphone, an error microphone, a secondary sound source and a single-channel controller. The secondary sound sources are arranged on the top of the passive noise barrier. The reference microphones are positioned on one side of a noise source and close to the top of the barrier. The error microphone is positioned on one side of an observation point and close to the top of the barrier. The controller of each single-channel feed-forward active control system is used for controlling the output of the corresponding secondary sound source so as to minimize a square value of sound pressure amplitude at the position of the corresponding error microphone, and adopts a feed-forward single-channel adaptive control algorithm. Each single-channel control system is compact, has low cost and is easy to implement. The problems of high implementing difficulty and high cost when a multi-channel control system is used are solved. Compared with the conventional feedback active noise barrier, the feed-forward active noise barrier has high system stability and a good control effect and does not have a water bed effect due to the adoption of the feed-forward control systems.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of noise barrier, relate in particular to a kind of active acoustic shielding.
Two, background technology
Along with economic growth and social progress, highway communication, track traffic scale increase day by day, and the traffic noise problem is also outstanding day by day.For eliminating traffic noise, the people of protection highway, track both sides adopt the way of building noise barrier in highway, track both sides usually.Traditional sound barrier is that passive sound barrier uses sound insulating material to build, and principle is for intercepting the direct sound wave of noise, because low-frequency noise is easily from barrier top diffraction and mistake, so it is very poor in the low-frequency range noise reduction.The Active noise control using technology is eliminated noise by the principle of " eliminating the noise with sound ", and is effective aspect the low frequency noise reduction, is easy to realize, uses very wide.The Active noise control using technology can be combined with passive sound barrier, form active acoustic shielding, remedy the shortcoming of passive sound barrier low frequency noise reduction difference by active control section, to promote the whole anti-acoustic capability of sound barrier.
The patent relevant with active acoustic shielding has active soft boundary acoustic shielding (ZL 200610040518.3) and sound intensity active acoustic shielding (ZL200610040517.9) etc., the former advance is to optimize error pick-up and lays mode, obtain better controlling effect than common active soft boundary acoustic shielding, the latter's advance is that error pick-up has adopted sound intensity sensor such as Mike to flow, optimised cost function is an error pick-up place sound intensity absolute value sum, with with sound pressure sensor as error pick-up, optimised cost function is that the active acoustic shielding of error pick-up place acoustic pressure square sum is compared, and can obtain better to control effect.Above-mentioned two patents and some similar scientific researches, all adopted the multi-channel active control system, and in actual applications the length of sound barrier all more than tens of rice, the control channel of active guidance system need reach up to a hundred, just can obtain noise reduction preferably, for Multi Channel Controller, along with the increase of port number, operand will be the geometric series form to be increased, and realizes that difficulty is very big and cost is very high.
Be head it off, the dcs that can use single channel active guidance system array to constitute combines with passive sound barrier, promptly this control system is made of a plurality of single channel active guidance systems, and each single channel active guidance system physics is independent, algorithm is independent.There is the scholar that this method has been carried out Primary Study, point out that the control system that they use promptly is made of single channel active guidance system array in the academic report as the last Japanese scholar of international acoustics conference (ICA2004) in 2004 in active acoustic shielding, they have used the core of feedback controller as its single channel control system, each single channel feedback controller is near with the distance of error pick-up that will be connected and control sound source, usually be integrated in the barrier top, this feedback structure compactness, cost is low, easily realizes.Yet feedback controller has two shortcomings: (1) error microphone must just can make system stability near secondary sound source, and it is limited therefore to control effect; (2) have water bed effect, promptly must cause the enhancing of other frequency range noise in the noise attentuation of some frequency range, this has also influenced its control effect.Therefore, use its active part control effect of active acoustic shielding of feedback control system to be subjected to respective limits and not good.
In sum, use the active acoustic shielding cost of Multi Channel Controller too high, realize that difficulty is very big, only be used for scientific research and infrastest; Use the active acoustic shielding of single channel reaction type controller array, compact conformation, cost is low, but unstable, and effect is limited.Can use single channel feedforward active controller array to combine, form the feed forward type active acoustic shielding with passive barrier.Feedforward controller is compared with feedback controller, controls effectively, and good stability does not have water bed effect.The single channel feedforward controller has practical application in the better simply occasions of sound field such as pipeline Active Noise Control and transformer Active Noise Control, but the application in active acoustic shielding does not have correlative study at present.Particularly, how each element of single channel feedforward controller array is arranged on passive barrier, as the spacing of secondary sound source, with reference to the position of microphone and the position of error microphone etc., active part could effectively be worked and be obtained and control effect preferably, all do not have pertinent literature open, and these concrete system design details are gordian techniquies that can the decision active acoustic shielding effectively work and obtain superperformance.
Three, summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of feed forward type active acoustic shielding, its active controller is a single channel feedforward controller array, compare with the active acoustic shielding that uses Multi Channel Controller, its cost is low, easily realizes compact conformation, compare with the reaction type active acoustic shielding, it is effective, and control system is stable, and does not have water bed effect.
According to the present invention, a kind of feed forward type active acoustic shielding is provided, it comprises passive sound barrier and single channel feedforward active guidance system array, and each single channel feedforward active guidance system of forming array comprises one with reference to microphone, an error microphone, a secondary sound source and a single channel control unit.With reference to microphone is single directional microphone, is positioned at noise source one side and near the barrier top, points to noise source one side, and the reference signal of the sound generating that the reception noise source is sent passes to corresponding controller.Error microphone is positioned at observation station one side and near the barrier top, the error signal of the combination results of the sound that sound that the reception noise source is sent and secondary sound source send passes to corresponding controller.Secondary sound source is installed in the top of passive sound barrier, receives the noise elimination signal that corresponding controller transmits, and sends the sound corresponding with the signal of eliminating the noise.Controller produces the noise elimination signal according to reference signal and error signal, makes the sound pressure amplitude square minimum at its corresponding error microphone place.
The secondary sound source of all single channels feedforward active guidance systems is along the installation that evenly distributes of passive sound barrier, and spacing is d
Cc, d
CcHalf of the highest frequency corresponding wavelength of the noise frequency range that must effectively control with active guidance system less than desire.
The position of the error microphone of each single channel feedforward active guidance system is corresponding with the position of secondary sound source, the line of the two acoustic centre of source is perpendicular to the projection of passive sound barrier at surface level, and the error microphone of all single channels feedforward active guidance systems secondary sound source corresponding with it is apart from d
CeEquate.
The position of the reference microphone of each single channel feedforward active guidance system is corresponding with the position of secondary sound source, the line of the two acoustic centre of source is perpendicular to the projection of passive sound barrier at surface level, and the reference microphone of all single channels feedforward active guidance systems secondary sound source corresponding with it is apart from d
RcEquate, need make [d with reference to the position of microphone
Ne-(d
Nr+ d
Ce)]/c＞t
0Inequality satisfy, to guarantee the causality of active guidance system, wherein c is the airborne velocity of sound, t
0Be circuit and the algorithm time delay that active guidance system exists, d
NrFor noise source to reference to the air line distance of microphone, d
NeBe the air line distance of noise source to error microphone.
The position of the controller of each single channel feedforward active guidance system is corresponding with the position of secondary sound source, is installed near this secondary sound source.The controller of each single channel feedforward active guidance system adopts feedforward single channel adaptive control algorithm.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the active guidance system of (1) active acoustic shielding adopts single channel active guidance system array, each single channel control system compactness, and cost is low, easily realizes, avoids using multi-channel control system to realize the problem that difficulty is big and cost is high; (2) the present invention compares with existing reaction type active acoustic shielding, and system stability is good, controls effectively, and does not have water bed effect (promptly must cause the enhancing of other frequency range noise in the noise attentuation of some frequency range).
Four, description of drawings
Understand and enforcement the present invention for convenient, can describe exemplary preferred embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention (side view);
Fig. 2 is structural representation of the present invention (vertical view);
Fig. 3 single channel feedforward active guidance system principle schematic;
Fig. 4 is the noise control design sketch of the embodiment of the invention.
Five, embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below by example.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the feed forward type active acoustic shielding comprises passive sound barrier 1 and single channel feedforward active guidance system array 2, and array is made up of a plurality of single channel feedforward active guidance systems 3.Each single channel feedforward active guidance system 3 is made up of reference microphone 6, error microphone 7, secondary sound source 8 and single channel control unit 9.In the present embodiment, be electret microphone with reference to microphone 6 with error microphone 7, secondary sound source 8 is a loudspeaker.
Single channel feedforward active guidance system array 2 is installed in passive sound barrier 1 top, in the present embodiment, highly is being h
bPassive sound barrier body 4 tops horizontal stand 5 is installed, secondary sound source 8 evenly distributes on horizontal stand 5 and installs, spacing is d
CcAmong Fig. 1 arrow represent to have between parts connecting line and electric signal streams to, omitted connecting line and horizontal stand 5 among Fig. 2.
The position of the reference microphone 6 of each single channel feedforward active guidance system 3 is corresponding with the position of secondary sound source 8, the line of the two acoustic centre of source is positioned at noise source 11 1 sides and close barrier top perpendicular to the projection of passive sound barrier 1 at surface level with reference to microphone 6.Secondary sound source 8 distances that the reference microphone 6 of all single channel feedforward active guidance systems is corresponding with it equate, are d
RcIn the present embodiment, identical with secondary sound source 8 setting height(from bottom)s with reference to microphone 6.Because corresponding one by one with secondary sound source 8, so also be d with reference to the spacing of microphone 6 with reference to microphone 6
Cc
The position of the error microphone 7 of each single channel feedforward active guidance system 3 is corresponding with the position of secondary sound source 8, the line of the two acoustic centre of source is perpendicular to the projection of passive sound barrier 1 at surface level, and error microphone 7 is positioned at observation station 10 1 sides and close barrier top.The error microphone 7 of all single channel feedforward active guidance systems secondary sound source 8 distances corresponding with it equate, are d
CeIn the present embodiment, error microphone 7 is identical with secondary sound source 8 setting height(from bottom)s.Because error microphone 7 is corresponding one by one with secondary sound source 8, so the spacing of error microphone 7 also is d
Cc
The position of the controller 9 of each single channel feedforward active guidance system 3 is corresponding with the position of secondary sound source 8, is installed near this secondary sound source 8.In the present embodiment, controller 9 is close to corresponding secondary sound source 8, is installed on the horizontal stand 5.
Adopt single directional microphone with reference to microphone 6, can reduce be reflected in the interference with reference to microphone 6 places of barriers noise.
The controller 9 of each single channel feedforward active guidance system 3 is used to control the output of its corresponding secondary sound source 8, so that the sound pressure amplitude square minimum at its corresponding error microphone 7 places.As shown in Figure 3, the acoustic pressure p at error microphone 7 places
eComprise two parts, the one, the acoustic pressure p that noise source 11 produces
Ne, the 2nd, the acoustic pressure p that secondary sound source 8 produces
Ce, p
Ce=p
Nr.G
Rc.Z
Ce, p wherein
NrBe the acoustic pressure at reference loudspeaker 6 places,, therefore can think only to comprise the acoustic pressure of noise source 11 in this generation, G owing to being unidirectional microphines with reference to microphone 6
RcBe the acoustic pressure of reference microphone 6 transport function, Z to secondary sound source 8 input electrical signals
CeArrive the transport function of the acoustic pressure of error microphone 7 for the input electrical signal of secondary sound source 8.Get p
eThe squared magnitude minimum, for single channel system, i.e. p
eBe 0, by
p
e＝p
ne+p
ce＝p
ne+p
nr.G
rc.Z
ce＝0 (1)
Can get
G
rc＝-p
ne/(p
nr.Z
ce) (2)
Transport function Z
CeRecord p before use by the off-line modeling mode
NeRecord p by error microphone 7
NrRecord by reference microphone 6, calculate G by formula (2)
RcValue, and calculate (p
Nr.G
Rc) to drive secondary sound source 8, make error microphone 7 place's sound pressure amplitude square minimums.
The controller 9 of each single channel feedforward active guidance system 3 adopts feedforward single channel adaptive control algorithm, and present embodiment uses all the feedforward of detailed argumentation single channel adaptive control algorithm on the present textbook.
The cloth of active guidance system is placed with and explicitly calls for, below explanation item by item.
For obtaining noise reduction preferably, d
CcMust control half of noise highest frequency corresponding wavelength less than desire, be f as the highest controlled frequency
H, d then
Cc＜c/f
H/ 2, wherein c is the velocity of sound.
Error microphone 7 is the closer to the protected area in theory, and the protected area noise reduction can be got well, but following shortcoming is also arranged: (1) control effect is subject to the influence that physical environment changes, system's instability; (2) installation is very inconvenient; (3) influence between each single channel increases system's instability.Therefore, error microphone 7 should be installed near barrier.But d
CeCan not be very little, in order to avoid during system works, the very little acoustic pressure that can departure microphone 7 places of secondary sound source 8 outputs, this moment, the control coverage was just very little because secondary sound source 8 outputs are very little, and it is a lot of to cause system performance to reduce.In general, need do definite this value of experiment before the design, with under the prerequisite that guarantees necessarily to control effect (as opening active control function, about error microphone 7 noise reduction 10dB, a plurality of point measurements on the straight line between the adjacent error microphone, noise reduction is more than 5dB), reduce d as far as possible
CeValue.
Compact more practical more with reference to microphone 6 the closer to secondary sound source 8 systems, i.e. d
RcShould be as much as possible little, but the necessary causality of considering active guidance system.If noise source 11 is d to the distance with reference to microphone 6
Nr, noise source 11 is d to the distance of error microphone 7
Ne,, must make d for guaranteeing the basic causality of active guidance system
Ne＞d
Nr+ d
CeConsider that control system exists circuit and algorithm time delay t
0, then must make [d
Ne-(d
Nr+ d
Ce)]/c＞t
0, wherein c is the velocity of sound.Satisfying under the situation of above-mentioned condition, making with reference to microphone 6 as far as possible near secondary sound source 8.
Generally determine d successively
Cc, d
CeAnd d
Rc
The parameter of weighing performance of the present invention is NR, promptly in Be Controlled the zone in observation station 10 at the ratio of control front and back acoustic pressure square
NR＝10log
10[|p
n(r
i)
2|/|p
t(r
i)
2|] (3)
R wherein
iBe the position of observation station coordinate, the Be Controlled zone is the far field of sound barrier, p
nWith p
tBe respectively the acoustic pressure at control anteroposterior view measuring point place.
In the present embodiment, passive barrier is the rectangle perpendicular to ground, height h
b=1.8 meters, length L
b=8 meters, secondary sound source spacing d
Cc=0.33 meter (promptly in theory 516Hz being had noise reduction preferably with the noise of lower frequency), then port number N=8/0.33=24, error microphone and secondary sound source are apart from d
Ce=0.2 meter, with reference to microphone and secondary sound source apart from d
Rc=0.4 meter.Noise source places on the level ground, apart from barrier L
s=4 meters, observation station is apart from barrier L
m=4 meters, height h
m=1.6 meters, noise source 11 and observation station 10 place perpendiculars are perpendicular to barrier, and process barrier axis.
Use a high-power audio amplifier as noise source, the traffic noise signal that test signal is selected simple signal respectively for use and recorded.At the noise source signal is under the situation of 150Hz simple signal, and the newly-increased noise reduction NR that records active guidance system in observation station is 13dB.Be under the situation of the traffic noise signal recorded at the noise source signal, the newly-increased noise reduction that records as shown in Figure 4, in the 200Hz-800Hz frequency range, active guidance system has the newly-increased noise reduction of 1.6dB-5.2dB respectively in each third-octave, total newly-increased about 3dB of noise reduction NR does not have water bed effect at high frequency.
Preceding detailed description only provides preferred embodiment, and scope of the present invention, usability or structure are not produced any restriction.The front detailed description of the preferred embodiment is just in order to enable those skilled in the art to realize the preferred embodiments of the present invention.Should be appreciated that under the prerequisite that does not depart from aim of the present invention that claims limit and scope, can on the function of each ingredient of the present invention and layout, carry out various changes.
Claims (6)
1. feed forward type active acoustic shielding is characterized in that:
Comprise passive sound barrier (1) and single channel feedforward active guidance system array (2);
Each single channel feedforward active guidance system (3) of single channel feedforward active guidance system array (2) comprising: with reference to microphone (6), error microphone (7), secondary sound source (8) and controller (9);
With reference to microphone (6) is single directional microphone, is positioned at noise source one side and near the barrier top, points to noise source one side, and the reference signal of the sound generating that the reception noise source is sent passes to corresponding controller (9);
Error microphone (7) is positioned at observation station one side and near the barrier top, the error signal of the combination results of the sound that sound that the reception noise source is sent and secondary sound source (8) send passes to corresponding controller (9);
Secondary sound source (8) is installed in the top of passive sound barrier (1), receives the noise elimination signal that corresponding controller (9) transmits, and sends the sound corresponding with the signal of eliminating the noise;
Controller (9) produces noise elimination signal, the sound pressure amplitude square minimum that its corresponding error microphone (7) is located according to reference signal and error signal.
2. feed forward type active acoustic shielding as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the secondary sound source (8) of all single channel feedforward active guidance systems (3) evenly distributes along passive sound barrier (1) and installs, and spacing is d
Cc, d
CcHalf of the highest frequency corresponding wavelength of the noise frequency range of effectively controlling with active guidance system less than desire.
3. feed forward type active acoustic shielding as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the position of the error microphone (7) of each single channel feedforward active guidance system (3) is corresponding with the position of secondary sound source (8), the line of the two acoustic centre of source is perpendicular to the projection of passive sound barrier (1) at surface level, and the error microphone (7) of all single channels feedforward active guidance systems (3) secondary sound source (8) corresponding with it is apart from d
CeEquate.
4. feed forward type active acoustic shielding as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the position of the reference microphone (6) of each single channel feedforward active guidance system (3) is corresponding with the position of secondary sound source (8), the line of the two acoustic centre of source is perpendicular to the projection of passive sound barrier (1) at surface level, and the reference microphone (6) of all single channels feedforward active guidance systems (3) secondary sound source (8) corresponding with it is apart from d
RcEquate;
Position with reference to microphone (6) need make [d
Ne-(d
Nr+ d
Ce)]/c＞t
0Inequality satisfy, to guarantee the causality of active guidance system, wherein c is the airborne velocity of sound, t
0Be circuit and the algorithm time delay that active guidance system exists, d
NrFor noise source to reference to the air line distance of microphone (6), d
NeBe the air line distance of noise source to error microphone (7).
5. feed forward type active acoustic shielding as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the position of the controller (9) of each single channel feedforward active guidance system (3) is corresponding with the position of secondary sound source (8), is installed near this secondary sound source.
6. feed forward type active acoustic shielding as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the controller (9) of each single channel feedforward active guidance system (3) adopts feedforward single channel adaptive control algorithm.
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| CN104881537A (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2015-09-02 | 中山大学 | Simulating modeling method and system for virtual sound barrier system based on home environment |
| CN104918173A (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2015-09-16 | 安徽师范大学 | Directional secondary sound source design method applied to active sound barriers |
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| CN104918173B (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2018-02-27 | 安徽师范大学 | A kind of directive property secondary sound source design method applied to active acoustic shielding |
| CN104881537A (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2015-09-02 | 中山大学 | Simulating modeling method and system for virtual sound barrier system based on home environment |
| CN105551767A (en) * | 2016-03-01 | 2016-05-04 | 江苏方天电力技术有限公司 | Ventilating and noise-reducing apparatus for indoor transformer |
| CN106251855A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2016-12-21 | 南京大学 | A kind of de-centralized virtual sound screen for transformator noise reduction |
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| CN109138591A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2019-01-04 | 国网山西省电力公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of transformer noise reduction barrier noise at the boundary processing system |
| CN108915546A (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2018-11-30 | 吉林大学 | It is a kind of to lead the noise reduction glass plate and its active denoising method passively combined |
| CN108915546B (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2023-09-08 | 吉林大学 | Active and passive combined noise reduction glass plate and active noise reduction method thereof |
| CN110010118A (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2019-07-12 | 中国船舶科学研究中心（中国船舶重工集团公司第七0二研究所） | A kind of Active noise control system being integrated in roadway lighting system |
| CN110010118B (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2021-03-09 | 中国船舶科学研究中心（中国船舶重工集团公司第七0二研究所） | Noise active control system integrated in road lighting system |
| CN110838303A (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2020-02-25 | 南京大学 | Voice sound source positioning method using microphone array |
| CN113284481A (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2021-08-20 | 南京大学 | Secondary source near-field error acquisition method suitable for pipeline active noise reduction |
| CN114199368A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-18 | 北京工商大学 | Full-band PP sound intensity automatic measurement device and measurement method |
| CN114199368B (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2024-04-26 | 北京工商大学 | Full-band PP sound intensity automatic measurement device and measurement method |
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