CN102175769B - Nondestructive detection method for mechanical properties of larch component material of historic building - Google Patents
Nondestructive detection method for mechanical properties of larch component material of historic building Download PDFInfo
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- CN102175769B CN102175769B CN2010106020903A CN201010602090A CN102175769B CN 102175769 B CN102175769 B CN 102175769B CN 2010106020903 A CN2010106020903 A CN 2010106020903A CN 201010602090 A CN201010602090 A CN 201010602090A CN 102175769 B CN102175769 B CN 102175769B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a nondestructive detection method for mechanical properties of a larch component material of a historic building. In the method provided by the invention, a stress wave propagation technique and a micro-drill resistance technique are utilized, and the elastic modulus, bending strength and compressive strength of the detected part material of the larch component are obtained by measuring and computing the stress wave speed v and micro-drill resistance value F of a detected part. The nondestructive detection method provided by the invention has the following characteristics and effects: (1) the two types of measurement signals, namely stress waves and micro-drill resistance are combined to measure the mechanical properties of the larch component material, and the detection accuracy is higher than the that of the single stress wave or micro-drill resistance signal; (2) the method has the advantages of strong portability, simplicity in operation and the like; (3) the nondestructive detection method is suitable for the field detection of the historic building, and the main mechanical property index of the detected part material are nondestructively and rapidly obtained; (4) the nondestructive detection method provides a reliable data support for the maintenance and repair of the historic building in a larch structure; and (5) the detection method is suitable for the mechanical property detection of larch component materials of other three types.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ancient building Larch construction material mechanical property non-damage detection method, belong to the timber science and technology field.
Background technology
Ancient building timber compoment material mechanical performance comprises elastic modulus, bending strength, compressive strength etc.And become the statistics linear relationship between elastic modulus and bending strength, compressive strength.Main supporting member such as the beam of the bright clear timber structure ancient building in Beijing, post, major part is a larch material.Adopt non-damaged method, on-the-spot in the timber structure ancient building, fast detecting goes out Larch construction material mechanical property, is the prerequisite and the basis of working out the timber structure conservation of historic buildings, repairing scheme.
Traditional timber mechanics Performance Detection, mostly be adopt the mechanical test machine to the wood sample of given size load, destructive test records.This method detection time is long, condition is harsh, is a kind of destructive detection.This detection method can not satisfy ancient building timber compoment mechanical property and detect demand.Actual needs be: under the prerequisite of not destroying timber compoment, detect the main mechanical performance index of timber compoment key position material quickly and easily in the scene.
The present invention utilizes the combination of stress wave technology and little brill resistance technology, detects the material mechanical performance of ancient building Larch member.Stress velocity of wave propagation in the stress wave technology for detection Larch member, little brill resistance technology detect Larch construction material density.All right and wrong are damaged detects to the Larch member in testing process for both.Comprehensive both testing results can obtain elastic modulus, bending strength, the compressive strength of Larch member position to be detected material timely and accurately.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of ancient building Larch construction material mechanical property non-damage detection method; Being implemented under the prerequisite of not destroying timber compoment, main mechanical performance indexs such as the on-the-spot elastic modulus that detects timber compoment key position material quickly and easily, bending strength, compressive strength.
A kind of ancient building Larch of the present invention construction material mechanical property non-damage detection method, concrete steps are following:
(1) position that need on the timber compoment to confirm mechanical property to detect, bigger position normally meets with stresses.
(2) two probes with the stress wave measuring instrument insert timber compoment along the timber compoment length direction.Distance between the two probe insertion points is 100～300mm, and probe and test specimen length direction angle are 45 °.If there is surrounding layer on the timber compoment surface, then probe need penetrate surrounding layer.Knock the emitter probe with hand hammer, read the stress wave propagation time from read table.The travel-time reading that knocks for the first time is invalid, begins from the second time, and the mean value that knocks the stress wave propagation time read of measuring three gained continuously is as measuring the result.Use two probe insertion point spacings divided by described stress wave propagation time average then, calculate Spreading Velocity of Stress Wave.
(3) drill point with little brill resistance appearance pierces perpendicular to the timber compoment surface direction.Little brill resistance appearance is the little brill Resistance Value of record automatically.
(4) according to the little brill resistance and the Spreading Velocity of Stress Wave that measure, calculate elasticity modulus of materials, bending strength and compressive strength according to following three formula.
Elastic modulus: E=0.0038Fv
2+ 5.6
Bending strength: σ
b=0.0189Fv
2+ 47.0
Compressive strength: σ
c=0.0155Fv
2+ 38.8
Here, E is elasticity modulus of materials (GPa), σ
bBe bending strength (MPa), σ
cBe compressive strength (MPa) that F is little brill resistance (Resi), v is Spreading Velocity of Stress Wave (km/s).That is to say, on-the-spot at the timber structure ancient building, be measured to F, v, can calculate elastic modulus, bending strength and three mechanical performance indexs of compressive strength of Larch construction material.
A kind of ancient building Larch of the present invention construction material mechanical property non-damage detection method, its advantage and effect are: (1) combined stress ripple and two kinds of measuring-signals of little brill resistance record the timber compoment material mechanical performance; Than adopting simple stress ripple or little brill resistance signal, accuracy in detection is high.(2) has portable strong, simple operation and other advantages.(3) be suitable for that ancient building is on-the-spot to be detected, non-breakage, obtain the main mechanical performance index of position to be detected material fast.(4) be the protection and the repairerment of timber structure ancient building, reliable data support is provided.(5) this detection method is suitable for the timber compoment material mechanical performance detection of other seeds, just elastic modulus, bending strength, compressive strength and Fv
2Between computing formula, revise through trial test.
Embodiment
Do further explanation in the face of technical scheme of the present invention down.
To isotropic material, the density of its elastic modulus and this material and stress wave velocity of propagation therein is closely related: E=ρ v
2Here, E is elasticity modulus of materials (Pa), and ρ is density of material (kg/m
3), v is Spreading Velocity of Stress Wave (m/s).Timber is anisotropic material, and the relation between modulus of elasticity of wood and density and Spreading Velocity of Stress Wave should be E=f (ρ v
2).Here f represents linear functional relation, promptly modulus of elasticity of wood be one with ρ v
2Linear function for independent variable.In the timber mechanics performance index, become the statistics linear relationship between bending strength and compressive strength and elastic modulus, so the bending strength of wood and compressive strength also are with ρ v
2Linear function for independent variable.
Little brill resistance technology is based on and detects each position relative density of timber, and then the purpose of detection trees inherent vice occurs.It utilizes micro drill point to pierce timber inside with constant rate of speed, gathers the Resistance Value that drill point produces in piercing.Since the drill point diameter very little (general≤3mm), the hole trace does not have negative effect to the usability of whole timber compoment, belongs to non-damaged detection technique.The inventor finds to utilize the absolute density of this technology for detection timber, and promptly little brill Resistance Value F can represent the density value ρ of timber.Like this, can use Fv
2Replace ρ v
2As the independent variable that calculates modulus of elasticity of wood, bending strength and compressive strength.Through a series of trial tests, it is following to obtain ancient building larch material mechanical property computing formula.
Elastic modulus: E=0.0038Fv
2+ 5.6
Bending strength: σ
b=0.0189Fv
2+ 47.0
Compressive strength: σ
c=0.0155Fv
2+ 38.8
Here, E is elasticity modulus of materials (GPa), σ
bBe bending strength (MPa), σ
cBe compressive strength (MPa) that F is little brill resistance (Resi), v is Spreading Velocity of Stress Wave (km/s).That is to say, on-the-spot at the timber structure ancient building, be measured to F, v, can calculate elastic modulus, bending strength and three mechanical performance indexs of compressive strength of Larch construction material.
Little brill resistance detects little brill resistance appearance of recommending to adopt the exploitation of German Rinntech company among the present invention, or little brill resistance appearance of producing of German IML company.The FAKOPP stress wave measuring instrument that stress wave speed detect to recommend adopts Hungary to make, or the Micro Hammer stress wave measuring instrument produced of German IML company.
Concrete steps are following:
(1) position that need on the timber compoment to confirm mechanical property to detect, bigger position normally meets with stresses.
(2) two probes with the stress wave measuring instrument insert timber compoment along the timber compoment length direction.Distance between the two probe insertion points is 100～300mm, and probe and test specimen length direction angle are 45 °.If there is surrounding layer on the timber compoment surface, then probe need penetrate surrounding layer.Knock the emitter probe with hand hammer, read the stress wave propagation time from read table.The travel-time reading that knocks for the first time is invalid, begins from the second time, and the mean value that knocks the stress wave propagation time read of measuring three gained continuously is as measuring the result.Use two probe insertion point spacings divided by described stress wave propagation time average then, calculate Spreading Velocity of Stress Wave.
(3) drill point with little brill resistance appearance pierces perpendicular to the timber compoment surface direction.Little brill resistance appearance is the little brill Resistance Value of record automatically.
(4) according to the little brill resistance and the Spreading Velocity of Stress Wave that measure, calculate elasticity modulus of materials, bending strength and compressive strength according to following three formula.
Elastic modulus: E=0.0038Fv
2+ 5.6
Bending strength: σ
b=0.0189Fv
2+ 47.0
Compressive strength: σ
c=0.0155Fv
2+ 38.8
Here, E is elasticity modulus of materials (GPa), σ
bBe bending strength (MPa), σ
cBe compressive strength (MPa) that F is little brill resistance (Resi), v is Spreading Velocity of Stress Wave (km/s).That is to say, on-the-spot at the timber structure ancient building, be measured to F, v, can calculate elastic modulus, bending strength and three mechanical performance indexs of compressive strength of Larch construction material.
Specific embodiment 1
In the timber structure ancient building of Beijing, certain larch crossbeam size (wide * height * length) is 120 * 200 * 1800mm.Crossbeam bears flexural deformation load, and middle part stress is maximum, needs the test material mechanical property.Detect through stress wave, its Spreading Velocity of Stress Wave is 4.478km/s; Detecting Resistance Value through little brill is 46Resi.Through calculating, obtaining this part material elastic modulus is 9.1GPa, and bending strength is 64.4MPa, and compressive strength is 53.1MPa.
Claims (2)
1. ancient building Larch construction material mechanical property non-damage detection method, it is characterized in that: concrete steps are following:
(1) position that need on the timber compoment to confirm mechanical property to detect, bigger position promptly meets with stresses;
(2) two probes with the stress wave measuring instrument insert timber compoment along the timber compoment length direction; Knock the emitter probe with hand hammer, read the stress wave propagation time from read table; The travel-time reading that knocks for the first time is invalid, begins from the second time, and the mean value that knocks the stress wave propagation time read of measuring three gained continuously is as measuring the result; Use two probe insertion point spacings divided by described stress wave propagation time average then, calculate Spreading Velocity of Stress Wave;
(3) drill point with little brill resistance appearance pierces perpendicular to the timber compoment surface direction, and little brill resistance appearance is the little brill Resistance Value of record automatically;
(4) according to the little brill resistance and the Spreading Velocity of Stress Wave that measure, calculate elasticity modulus of materials, bending strength and compressive strength according to following three formula:
Elastic modulus: E=0.0038Fv
2+ 5.6
Bending strength: σ
b=0.0189Fv
2+ 47.0
Compressive strength: σ
c=0.0155Fv
2+ 38.8
Here, E is GPa for elasticity modulus of materials unit, σ
bFor bending strength unit is MPa, σ
cFor compressive strength unit is MPa, F is that little brill resistance unit is Resi, and v is km/s for Spreading Velocity of Stress Wave unit.
2. a kind of ancient building Larch construction material mechanical property non-damage detection method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the distance between two probe insertion points is 100～300mm, and probe and timber compoment length direction angle are 45 °.
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| CN2010106020903A CN102175769B (en) | 2010-12-13 | 2010-12-13 | Nondestructive detection method for mechanical properties of larch component material of historic building |
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| CN102928514B (en) * | 2012-10-14 | 2014-12-24 | 浙江农林大学 | Frequency characteristic-based nondestructive detection method of stress waves of wood |
| CN104089592A (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2014-10-08 | 浙江工商大学 | Pine wood texture detection method |
| CN104076088A (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2014-10-01 | 浙江工商大学 | Pine texture detection method |
| CN104007179B (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2017-01-11 | 北京化工大学 | Determination apparatus for surface internal stress of polymer plane thin-plate product and implementation method thereof |
| CN104165795B (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2016-09-21 | 中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所 | A kind of residue anti-bending bearing capacity assay method of ancient building wooden frame |
| CN104181040B (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2016-05-25 | 中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所 | A kind of residue Compressive Bearing Capacity assay method of ancient building timber compoment |
| CN104374690B (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2017-02-01 | 北京工业大学 | Wooden micro drill resistance dynamometer fixing bracket device for field detection of wood members of ancient architectures |
| CN104849350B (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2017-11-03 | 浙江农林大学 | Defects in timber method for identifying and classifying based on multiple features |
| CN105181815B (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2017-11-14 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of shockwave sensor positioner for being used to detect historic building fire prevention defect |
| CN106441438A (en) * | 2016-10-16 | 2017-02-22 | 北京工业大学 | Internal cavity preventive protection method for ancient building timber compoment |
| CN106596854A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-04-26 | 重庆市黑土地白蚁防治有限公司 | Tree detection method |
| CN109708963A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2019-05-03 | 上海建为历保科技股份有限公司 | A kind of new method improving resistance dynamometer prediction elastic modulus of timber component accuracy rate |
| CN108956770A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2018-12-07 | 北京林业大学 | A kind of intelligence hammer and screening method for the preliminary screening of historic building fire prevention internal flaw |
| CN112684158B (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2023-03-21 | 中国林业科学研究院林业新技术研究所 | On-site identification method and device for common tree species of historic building wood members |
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