Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of test method that can accurately test the ratchet strain evolutionary process of straight pipeline under three-dimensional stress state.This test method has been optimized the whole bag of tricks in the past, utilize the imposed load F and the output pressure P of microcomputer combined sensor control hydraulic servo fatigue tester that various complex load operating modes are provided, and employing strain gauge method measurement straight tube is subjected to the real-time multiaxis ratchet behavior under the complex load operating mode.Wherein, relation can be as follows between axial normal stress in the straight tube sample that causes of output pressure P and the circumference stress:
Wherein, σ
zBe the interior living axial normal stress of cutting down output; σ
θBe the interior living circumference stress of cutting down output; P represents that testing machine provides pressure value in the test design; D is the external diameter of straight tube sample; T represents the wall thickness of straight tube sample.
This method test position is flexible, and load working condition is various, and the method novelty is reasonable in design, and data accurately and reliably.Simultaneously the hyperchannel dynamic strain indicator has low drift and low noise, the wide characteristics of frequency response; fatigue tester has that test condition, test parameters can be preset, observing and controlling, record automatically; test occur to be lost efficacy or when unusual; functions such as the automatic shutdown of reporting to the police; can be widely used under the various complex working conditions of experimental study; as fluid temperature variations in earthquake or the pipe etc., the evolution rule of the multiaxis ratchet strain of band straightening pipe, and can be used for determining the ratchet border of straight tube.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Straight tube multiaxis ratchet test macro of the present invention utilizes sensor control hydraulic servo fatigue tester, accurate 3 curved jigs and strain gauge method to measure straight tube, by hyperchannel dynamic strain indicator image data, through computing machine output result.
Described sensor control hydraulic servo fatigue tester comprises oil press, and testing machine loads upper chuck, following dop and oil hose; Sensor control hydraulic servo fatigue tester realizes pressing in different and the composite condition of moment of flexure loads, and test condition, test parameters can be preset, observing and controlling, record automatically, and test occurs losing efficacy or reports to the police automatically when unusual and shut down.
Described straight tube is: be provided with two straight tube pipe plugs at the two ends of a straight tube; Complete closed wherein; Other end straight tube pipe plug is provided with a tapped through hole along tubular axis to the center, as logical hydraulic fluid port; After filling oil, will lead to hydraulic fluid port and be connected with the three-way connection threaded one end, in three-way connection place setting pressure table Real Time Observation straight tube pipe internal pressure situation, the three-way connection opposite side is connected with oil transporting appliance.
Straight tube multiaxis ratchet strain testing method of the present invention: foil gauge is affixed on straight length sample 3 outside surfaces everywhere; Then the cavity straight tube is irritated oil, until filling, connection flexible pipe 10 1 ends that to fill oil again are connected with straight tube 3, and flexible pipe 10 other ends are connected with oil press 12 by quick connector, control the straight tube internal pressure by sensor and the microcomputer that software is housed by changing the oil press liquid level again; Foil gauge lead-in wire and each foil gauge lead-in wire of temperature compensation material place correctly are connected according to corresponding relation by each joint on lead and the preceding terminal block everywhere with straight tube; Utilize the following loading blocks 17 of dop 16 fixing accurate 3 angle coupling tools under the fatigue tester again and load crossbeam 18 down; Bearing pin is installed locatees each clamping plate position and goes up loading crossbeam 7; Utilize microcomputer and test Control Software at last,, utilize interior pressure of sensor control straight tube and testing machine to load moment of flexure and carry out the test of multiaxis ratchet by importing different operating loading.Adopt hyperchannel dynamic strain indicator 11 to gather straight tube sample strain evolution everywhere situation in real time at last, and data-switching is stored in the main control computer 28.
Foil gauge is a two-way right angle foil gauge, and the optimum seeking site that is affixed on straight tube is to be a little position, equidistant a few place in the middle of the straight tube and with the centre, posts the position of foil gauge at each, rotates 180 degree along hoop, sticks foil gauge respectively.
Described hyperchannel dynamic strain indicator comprises amplifier circuit 30, preceding terminal block 25 and input adapter 26, and back out splice going splice 29, power supply 27, pci data collector and main control computer 28 are formed; The foil gauge ultra-weak electronic signal is changed by 26 importings of preceding terminal block 25 input adapters, and faint change in electric is amplified, this electric signal is changed into the digital signal demonstration and is stored in main control computer 28 by pci data collector 28 through amplifying circuit 30.
Described accurate 3 curved jigs comprise loading blocks 17 down, under load crossbeam 18, connect journal stirrup a14 and journal stirrup b19 at its two ends, fix and locate the large-scale clamping plate 1 in two ends again by bearing pin b15 and bearing pin c20, these clamping plate fasten bit test straight tube 3 by bolt 2, utilize small-sized clamping plate 9 and bolt 8 to be fixed in straight tube 3 in distance pipeline section center equidistant then, and be connected with last load bar 6 with last loading crossbeam 7 by bearing pin a4.
Can be described in detail as follows for the present invention:
At first required according to test design, foil gauge is affixed on straight length sample 3 outside surfaces everywhere; Then the cavity straight tube is irritated oil, until filling, connection flexible pipe 10 1 ends that to fill oil again are connected with straight tube 3, and flexible pipe 10 other ends are connected with oil press 12 by quick connector, control the straight tube internal pressure by sensor and the microcomputer that special software is housed by changing the oil press liquid level again.Foil gauge lead-in wire and each foil gauge lead-in wire of temperature compensation material place correctly are connected according to corresponding relation by each joint on lead and the preceding terminal block everywhere with straight tube.Utilize the following loading blocks 17 and the following crossbeam 18 that loads of dop 16 fixing accurate 3 angle coupling tools under the fatigue tester again, according to test design bearing pin 4,15 and 20 is installed and is located each clamping plate position and go up loading crossbeam 7.Utilize microcomputer and test Control Software at last,, utilize interior pressure of sensor control straight tube and testing machine to load moment of flexure and carry out the test of multiaxis ratchet by importing different operating loading.
As shown in Figure 3, two-way right angle foil gauge is affixed on straight length outer surface position 1 to the position 10; 1 place, position is pipe interlude maximal bending moment sectional position, is used to measure the strain evolution situation of straight tube outer wall " the most dangerous " position; In addition, from straight tube sample centre position to each 135mm place, both sides, a slice foil gauge is respectively pasted in position 3 and position 9, whether the ratchet strain evolution situation that this design can be studied symmetrical moment of flexure section consistent; Position 3, the 40mm of all being separated by between position 5 and the position 7, this design is in order to study the distribution situation that straight tube ratchet strained situation changes with the moment of flexure amplitude; Simultaneously, post the position of foil gauge, rotate 180 degree, stick foil gauge respectively along hoop at each, be position 2, position 4, position 6, same moment of flexure amplitude place can be studied in position 8 and position 10, this design, the difference of the ratchet strain evolution situation between the hoop diverse location.Foil gauge pastes the position and can require to select arbitrarily separately according to test design, and condition restriction is not put to the test.
Foil gauge in this test method, because straight tube centre position suffered circulation moment of flexure amplitude maximum, and constantly reduces to two ends along straight tube, so should be covered near the centre position especially straight tube centre position, i.e. maximal bending moment place from the centre; Foil gauge should be chosen 90 degree perpendicular type foil gauges, can test hoop and axial strain value everywhere, can draw the evolution situation of different moments of flexure place straight tube ratchet strain simultaneously.
Test method of the present invention can record under different interior pressures and the moment of flexure composite condition, the stable situation of the ratchet strain of the maximum ratchet strain location of straight tube, and can determine method in conjunction with the ratchet border, determine the test ratchet boundary graph of various straight tubes.
Concrete straight tube sample is made up of two parts, and the one, the straight length 22 of long 1m; Two are two longly is the straight tube pipe plug 21 and 23 of 0.1m.Pipe plug 21 complete closed wherein; Design has a tapped through hole to other end straight tube pipe plug 23 to the center along tubular axis, as logical hydraulic fluid port; Because logical hydraulic fluid port bore is bigger, so the pore that need not begin to rehearse; After filling oil, will lead to hydraulic fluid port and be connected with three-way connection 24 threaded one ends, in three-way connection place setting pressure table 13 Real Time Observation straight tube pipe internal pressure situation, the three-way connection opposite side then with oil transporting appliance; Pipe plug 21 adopts butt-weld to be connected with 23 with straight length 22.
Multiaxis hydraulic servo fatigue tester comprises oil press 12, and testing machine loads upper chuck 5, following dop 16, and oil hose 10.This testing machine is a kind of improved multiaxle fatigue experimental machine; the composite condition that can realize different interior pressures and moment of flexure loads; and test condition, test parameters by multiaxis test Control Software can preset, observing and controlling, record automatically, test occurs losing efficacy or when unusual, report to the police automatically and shut down.
Multiaxis test Control Software can realize imposed load as shown in Figure 5, apply interior pressure, cycle index, cycle period, loading waveform, load that test parameterss such as starting phase angle are preset, observing and controlling, record automatically; test occur to be lost efficacy or when unusual, reported to the police automatically and shut down.
Described accurate 3 curved jigs comprise loading blocks 17 down, under load crossbeam 18, connect journal stirrup a14 and journal stirrup b19 at its two ends, fix and locate the large-scale clamping plate 1 in two ends again by bearing pin b15 and bearing pin c20, these clamping plate fasten bit test straight tube 3 by bolt 2, utilize small-sized clamping plate 9 and bolt 8 to be fixed in straight tube 3 at each 75mm place, distance pipeline section center then, and be connected with last load bar 6 with last loading crossbeam 7 by bearing pin a4.This supplementary card structure of signing an undertaking is simple, reasonable in design, can realize accurately that the design moment of each position of straight tube is symmetrically distributed, and the place provides maximal bending moment load in the middle of pipeline section, has guaranteed the accuracy of experimental measurement.
Described hyperchannel dynamic strain indicator 11 comprises amplifier circuit 30, preceding terminal block 25 and input adapter 26, and back out splice going splice 29, power supply 27, pci data collector and main control computer 28 are formed.It mainly acts on is the foil gauge ultra-weak electronic signal to be changed by preceding terminal block 25 input adapters 26 import, and through amplifying circuit 30 faint change in electric is amplified, change this electric signal into digital signal by pci data collector 28 and show and be stored in main control computer 28.Its principle is, amplifier 30 inside provide high precision low temperature to float that the 5V bridge is pressed and two low temperature float precision resistance, and resistance is 120 ohm.Only need external two 120 ohm of foil gauges, promptly a foil gauge and a temperature compensation foil gauge can constitute Wheatstone bridge.Because Wheatstone bridge (claiming wheatstone bridge again) is a kind of accurately instrument of measuring resistance; Because the distortion of sample stand under load will cause straight tube all directions generation everywhere strain, cause that foil gauge resistance changes, the electric signal of this faint variation amplifies through Wheatstone bridge and it changes digital signal record in main control computer 28 the most at last.
The invention has the advantages that, multiple complex load composite condition can be provided, load working condition and applied range, test position can be adjusted flexibly, and promptly foil gauge pastes the position and can select arbitrarily according to concrete test design, and condition restriction is not put to the test; And test result precision height, data and curves is smooth steadily, and is reasonable in design.In addition, the hyperchannel dynamic strain indicator has low drift and low noise, the wide characteristics of frequency response.Improve fatigue tester and have that test condition, test parameters can be preset, observing and controlling, record automatically, test occurs losing efficacy or when unusual, the functions such as shutdown of reporting to the police automatically.Accurate 3 curved supplementary structures can be realized the straight tube Gradient distribution symmetrically and evenly of moment of flexure everywhere, and apply maximal bending moment in the centre position.Therefore, the method can be widely used under the various complex working conditions, the experimental test of the single shaft of straight tube and the strain of multiaxis ratchet.
Embodiment
The present invention be by utilize the multiaxle fatigue experimental machine be equipped with accurate 3 curved jig auxiliary bodies realize in the reversed bending of pressure pipe part, and utilize accurate foil gauge to measure the ratchet strain of straight tube sample.Instrument that this test method is used comprises design straight tube sample 3, multiaxle fatigue experimental machine 12, hyperchannel dynamic strain measurement instrument 11 and other auxiliary body.Described design straight tube sample 3 mainly is made up of two parts, the one, the straight length 22 of long 1m, two are two longly is the straight tube pipe plug 21 and 23 of 0.1m, pipe plug 21 complete closed wherein, other end straight tube pipe plug 23 centers have a tapped through hole as logical hydraulic fluid port, and this logical hydraulic fluid port is connected with three-way connection 24 1 ends, but at three-way connection setting pressure table 13, Real Time Observation straight tube pipe internal pressure situation, the three-way connection other end is connected with oil transporting appliance, pipe plug 21 and 23 and straight length 22 by being welded to connect; Pipe plug 21 and 23 effect are in order to form airtight cavity with straight length 22, to make the straight tube sample 3 that can bear oil pressure.Described multiaxis hydraulic servo fatigue tester 12 comprises that testing machine loads upper chuck 5, following dop 16, and oil hose 10; Described accurate 3 curved jig auxiliary bodies comprise loading blocks 17 down, under load crossbeam 18, connect journal stirrup a 14 and journal stirrup b 19 at its two ends, again by bearing pin b 15 and bearing pin the c 20 fixing and large-scale clamping plate 1 in two ends, location, these clamping plate fasten bit test straight tube 3 by bolt 2, utilize small-sized clamping plate 9 and bolt 8 to be fixed in straight tube 3 at each 75mm place, distance pipeline section center then, and be connected with last load bar 6 with last loading crossbeam 7 by a bearing pin 4; Wherein, the foil gauge Position Design as shown in Figure 3; The effect of auxiliary body mainly is in multiaxle fatigue experimental machine 12 with straight tube sample 3 accurate positioning and fixing, realization is transformed into moment of flexure with the stretching of testing machine or compressive load F and acts on straight tube sample 3, obtain the moment of flexure distribution effect in accurate 3 curved tests, this is because when straight tube sample 3 is lived in large-scale clamping plate 1 constraint, the axial displacement herein of straight tube sample is zero, stretching that testing machine applies or compressive load F will make straight tube sample 3 produce obvious displacement amount of deflection, for keeping the total system dynamic balance, so in pipeline, produce obviously along straight tube sample axial stretching or compression method stress, as shown in Figure 3, according to theory of mechanics of materials, its bending normal stresses computing formula is as follows:
Wherein, F is the testing machine imposed load; L is straight tube sample 3 length, is 1m herein; M represents the moment of flexure value of straight tube sample 3 maximal bending moment positions; W
zThe module of anti-bending section of expression straight tube sample 3; D is the internal diameter of straight tube sample 3; D represents the external diameter of straight tube sample 3; σ
ZmaxThe maximum deflection normal stress value of the moment of flexure section of the maximum of expression straight tube sample 3.
Described hyperchannel strain data test acquisition system 11 comprises amplifier circuit 30, preceding terminal block 25 and input adapter 26, and back out splice going splice 29, power supply 27, pci data collector and main control computer 28 are formed.It mainly acts on is the foil gauge ultra-weak electronic signal to be changed by preceding terminal block 25 input adapters 26 import, and through amplifying circuit 30 faint change in electric is amplified, change this electric signal into digital signal by pci data collector 28 and show and be stored in main control computer 28.Its principle is, amplifier 30 inside provide high precision low temperature to float that the 5V bridge is pressed and two low temperature float precision resistance, and resistance is 120 ohm.Only need external two 120 ohm of foil gauges, promptly a foil gauge and a temperature compensation foil gauge can constitute Wheatstone bridge.Because Wheatstone bridge (claiming wheatstone bridge again) is a kind of accurately instrument of measuring resistance; Because the distortion of sample stand under load will cause straight tube all directions generation everywhere strain, cause that foil gauge resistance changes, the electric signal of this faint variation amplifies through Wheatstone bridge and it changes digital signal record in main control computer 28 the most at last.
Its amplifying circuit principle as shown in Figure 2, R
1, R
2Be known standard resistance, R
SBe variable standard resistance, R
XIt is measured resistance.B connects galvanometer between the D.After connecting circuit, galvanometer does not generally show zero, and B is described, 2 current potentials of D are unequal, by regulating R
S, make in the galvanometer no current by (I
K=0), this moment, electric bridge reached balance.
The condition of bridge balance is B, and 2 current potentials of D equate, so have:
I
1R
1=I
2R
2,I
xR
x=I
sR
s (6)
Again
I
1=I
x,I
2=I
s (7)
So have:
Owing to be the output of voltage bridge, can draw:
Work as U
BD=0 o'clock, bridge balance promptly obtained: R
2R
X=R
1R
S(10)
Again owing in the resistance strain measurement, must consider temperature compensation, thereby metering circuit arm-type or symmetric form such as can only adopt, so the situation difference of mating according to alternate arm, following three kinds of situations will appear in its output:
1. to the output symmetric circuit
By last figure as can be known, have this moment:
R
2=R
S=R
R
1=R
X=R′ (11)
Work as R
2The change amount be Δ R and Δ R<<R, then:
Definition
K is the foil gauge sensitivity coefficient herein.Have so:
Voltage output and strain relation under this kind situation that Here it is.
2. to power supply symmetry output circuit
Have this moment: R
2=R
1=R (14)
R
x=R
s=R′ (15)
Work as R
2The change amount be Δ R and Δ R<<have during R:
Can ignore Δ R item, then:
3. equal arm bridge output
Have this moment: R
1=R
2=R
X=R
S=R (18)
Work as R
2The change amount be Δ R and Δ R<<have during R:
This shows that output voltage is directly proportional with causing the mechanical strain ε that the foil gauge resistance changes, what the described dynamic strain indicator of this test method used is to power supply symmetry output circuit.
The enforcement of this test method, at first required according to test design, as shown in Figure 3, two-way right angle foil gauge is affixed on straight length outer surface position 1 to the position 10; 1 place, position is pipe interlude maximal bending moment sectional position, is used to measure the strain evolution situation of straight tube outer wall " the most dangerous " position; In addition, from straight tube sample centre position to each 135mm place, both sides, a slice foil gauge is respectively pasted in position 3 and position 9, whether the ratchet strain evolution situation that this design can be studied symmetrical moment of flexure section consistent; Position 3, the 40mm of all being separated by between position 5 and the position 7, this design is in order to study the distribution situation that straight tube ratchet strained situation changes with the moment of flexure amplitude; Simultaneously, post the position of foil gauge, rotate 180 degree, stick foil gauge respectively along hoop at each, be position 2, position 4, position 6, same moment of flexure amplitude place can be studied in position 8 and position 10, this design, the difference of the ratchet strain evolution situation between the hoop diverse location.Measure the ratchet strain evolution situation of other position as desire, the foil gauge position can be changed as required voluntarily.
Then, cavity straight tube sample 3 is irritated oil,, answer strict control oil-feed speed when irritating oil, otherwise form bubble in the Yi Zaiguan, influence the effect of pressurizeing in the future until filling; Connection flexible pipe 10 1 ends that to fill oil again are connected with three-way connection 24 on the straight tube sample 3, and pressure is born in the design of connection flexible pipe should guarantee trouble free service greater than required interior pressure of test; The flexible pipe other end is connected with the interior pressure passageway of fatigue tester 12 by quick connector, again the load F value of controlling straight tube internal pressure value P and the straight tube sample being applied by sensor and the microcomputer that independently developed multiaxial loading control test software is housed; During pressurization, constant pressing speed, unsuitable too fast, increase as being linear in time as the interior line of buckling, illustrate that then bubble is less in the straight tube, the filling oil quality is better; Be obvious non-linear increase in time as the interior line of buckling, illustrate that bubble is more in the pipe, the pressurization difficulty, the filling oil quality is not good, may need to irritate again the oil debugging.This is because interior pressure causes that bubble is obviously compressed in the chamber in, and more liquid oils enters the straight tube sample and fills the bubble volume that reduces, and the line of buckling in feasible is non-linear.
As the effect of pressurizeing is normal, and each joint on lead and the preceding terminal block 25 correctly is connected according to corresponding relation; Connect finish after, should check on control microcomputer 28 whether each foil gauge connects reading normal, short circuit whether occurs, situation such as open circuit or the foil gauge signal fluctuation is bigger; As occur above-mentioned various unusually, may be that insulation is bad between the foil gauge lead-in wire, or lead-in wire and wire bonds poor quality, cause demonstration foil gauge abnormal signal on the microcomputer.
Adopt this measurement of test method to bear the straight tube test specimen of pressing in the constant moment of flexure effect multiaxis ratchet strain evolutionary process down that circulated: dynamic strain indicator should carry out automatic clear and import the foil gauge sensitivity coefficient when using for the first time.Strain is covered on the straight tube outside surface key axial and circumferential everywhere, the straight tube test specimen produces distortion in interior pressure under in conjunction with the multiaxis operating loading effect of moment of flexure, the foil gauge resistance that closely is covered on the straight tube outside surface will change with circumferentially being out of shape along with the axial deformation of straight tube test specimen, cause the variation of the outside electric bridge microvolt of Hui Sitong magnitude voltage signals, and carry out voltage amplification through direct current amplifier, obtain positive and negative 10V voltage input hyperchannel AD plate and carry out the AD conversion.At last can axially converting digital signal to and on main control computer, export and show or store and prepare against subsequent treatment with the straight tube test specimen with the circumferential strain value by the AD plate.
Normal as each foil gauge signal, then with the following loading blocks 17 of accurate 3 angle coupling tools with load under the crossbeam 18 usefulness fatigue testers dop 16 down and fix, and installation bearing pin 4,15 and 20 is used to locate each clamping plate 9 position and goes up loading crossbeam 7, straight tube sample 3 is fixed in accurate 3 curved gas jig auxiliary bodies the most at last, prepares to test; Wherein, be installed before the straight tube sample, should be on the straight tube sample foil gauge paste the district and auxiliary body's fixed area is divided certain density grid, be convenient to accurate location, guarantee that loading position is accurate, load distribution such as test design, in addition, after the off-test, also can change, judge straight tube integral body and local deformation situation by observing mesh shape.
At last, utilize multiaxial loading control test software in the microcomputer 28, as shown in Figure 5, by pressure value P (unit in importing, MPa), (unit kN), sets cycle period (unit to imposed load F, s), cycle index, data sampling frequency (1Hz is to 1000Hz) and loading waveform test parameterss such as (triangular wave or sine waves) are carried out straight tube and tested by the multiaxis ratchet strain evolution under interior pressure and the circulation moment of flexure combination acting in conjunction; In addition, in test protection parameter hurdle, set imposed load, interior pressure and displacement stroke protection parameter, prevent that the straight tube sample deformation is excessive; As imposed load, interior pressure or displacement stroke surpass the protection parameter, when test is carried out, and load, after interior pressure or displacement stroke reach the protection value, no longer increase or decline, ignore and test setting value, program ejects dialog box and reports to the police, and auto stop, and interior pressure and load autostable are offloaded to zero; In addition, test load F, interior pressure P, test is carried out the time, cycle index, the hoop strain of each position and axial strain all are recorded in the local hard drive of main control microcomputer automatically by setpoint frequency, in order to deriving and handling.
For example, for realizing the constant interior P=20MPa of pressure and circulation imposed load F=± 30kN, cycle period is 30s, and initial operating mode is P=20MPa, the complex combination operating mode of F=0kN, press the hurdle in should in multiaxial loading control test software, selecting, press lower limit in the setting and be 20MPa, pressing cycle period in setting is 30s, and selecting to load waveform is triangular wave, setting cycle index is 500, and selecting to load the phasing degree is 0 degree; And then select the imposed load hurdle, and set on the imposed load and be limited to 30kN, be limited to-30kN down, and to set the load cycle cycle also be 30s that selecting to load waveform is triangular wave, setting cycle index also is 500, selects to load the phasing degree and is 0 and spend.Wherein, cycle index loads parameters such as waveform and cycle period and all can change setting according to self test design needs.
As pressing the P range of DO in will realizing is that 0MPa is to 20MPa, constant imposed load F=30kN, cycle period are 30s, and initial operating mode is P=0MPa, the composite condition of F=0kN, press the hurdle in then in multiaxial loading control test software, selecting, press in the setting and be limited to 20MPa, be limited to 0MPa down, pressing cycle period in setting is 30s, selecting to load waveform is triangular wave, and setting cycle index is 500, and setting and loading the phasing degree is 270 degree; And then select the imposed load hurdle, and set on the imposed load and be limited to 30kN, be limited to-30kN down, and to set the load cycle cycle also be 30s that selecting to load waveform is triangular wave, setting cycle index also is 500, selects to load the phasing degree and is 0 and spend.Wherein, cycle index loads parameters such as waveform and cycle period and all can change setting according to self test design needs.
For example, utilize this measurement of test method the straight tube sample of a kind of austenitic stainless steel Z2CND18.12N be subjected to press in constant multiaxis ratchet behavior under 20MPa and the cyclic loading ± 30kN effect, the multi-axis stress state of each sectional position of straight tube sample can calculate by aforementioned formula (1) to formula (5) at this moment.For example, the suffered moment of flexure maximum in straight tube sample midsection, at this moment, the constant axial normal stress of cutting down output living in 2 places, position is:
In the living constant circumference stress of cutting down output be:
And cyclic loading F=± 30kN can get according to formula (3), and equivalent circulation moment of flexure is:
Bringing formula (5) into must bending method stress be:
So the normal stress at
foil gauge position 1 and 2 places, position is: mean stress is 84.4MPa, and stress amplitude is ± 373.7MPa; 2 times of the mean stresses of circumference stress are to the mean stress of normal stress, and its stress amplitude is relevant with the normal stress amplitude, and the concrete outcome complexity is not discussed.
The test operation flow process as mentioned above, obtain the straight tube sample everywhere the position axially and hoop ratchet strain situation about developing in time, the strain measurement result can come out by curve or data representation, the wherein concrete outcome in straight tube centre position such as Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and shown in Figure 8.Wherein, the ratchet strain is defined as follows:
In the formula, ε
Max, ε
MinBe respectively maximum, minimum strain in the once circulation, ε
0Be initial elasticity strain (having only pressure load to do the time spent) that because the initial elasticity strain is very little, and for the Load Control circulation, elastic strain is not accumulated in afterwards each time circulation, is ignored usually during calculating.
From Fig. 6 to Fig. 8 as can be seen, the stress-strain of sample stagnates and encircles line smoothing, no abnormal catastrophe point, along with the increase of cycle index time, the hoop ratchet answers apparition to increase, but the axial ratchet strain is not obvious, and the ratchet rate of strain is initially bigger, constantly reduce subsequently, and final hoop ratchet strain is tending towards stable, this is with ratchet behavior essential characteristic and other scholar's result of study was consistent in the past.Therefore, think that this test method can test straight tube preferably and be subjected to the multiaxis cyclic loading to do the multiaxis ratchet behavior of time spent.