CN102121173B - Method for preparing sound-absorbing and heat-insulating materials formed by superfine fiber nonwovens - Google Patents
Method for preparing sound-absorbing and heat-insulating materials formed by superfine fiber nonwovens Download PDFInfo
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- CN102121173B CN102121173B CN201110041775XA CN201110041775A CN102121173B CN 102121173 B CN102121173 B CN 102121173B CN 201110041775X A CN201110041775X A CN 201110041775XA CN 201110041775 A CN201110041775 A CN 201110041775A CN 102121173 B CN102121173 B CN 102121173B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing sound-absorbing and heat-insulating materials formed by superfine fiber nonwovens. The method comprises the following steps: dissolving polyacrylonitrile in a solvent to form spinning solution, supplying the spinning solution to a spinning die head containing a series of spinneret orifices via a supply device and extruding the spinning solution out of the spinneret orifices of the spinning die head to form spinning solution trickles; simultaneously at least a high-speed jet stream heated by an air heater entering into the spinning die head and blowing the extruded spinning solution trickles via the air gaps on the spinning die head at a jet angle of 15-60 degrees; realizing drawing and thinning of the spinning solution trickles and simultaneously accelerating volatilization of the solvent in the spinning solution to form superfine fibers; collecting the superfine fibers on the web curtain by utilizing the high-speed jet stream and suction stream to form webs, thus forming the sound-absorbing and heat-insulating materials formed by polyacrylonitrile superfine fiber nonwovens; and lapping the formed sound-absorbing and heat-insulating materials formed by polyacrylonitrile superfine fiber nonwovens on multiple layers according to the design requirements.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the non-weaving cloth technology, be specially a kind of preparation method of not weaving fabric of superfine fiber sound-absorbing insulation material.
Background technology
As everyone knows, sound-absorbing insulation material has the environment of staticizing, and reduces noise pollution, suppresses heat flow simultaneously, keeps effects such as environment and human body temperature.
Non-weaving cloth is a kind of textiles that is made up of directed or mixed and disorderly fiber web.Because there are a large amount of holes in fibril aggregation, so non-weaving cloth has good sound absorption, heat-insulation warm keeping performance, is widely used in automotive trim, construction material, field such as take.
The non-weaving cloth that is used for sound-absorbing, heat-insulation warm keeping at present mainly contains two types of processing methods: class methods are dry non-woven technology; Promptly obtain non-weaving cloth by staple fibre through becoming net, fixed network operation, product relates generally to terylene (polyester fiber), polypropylene fibre (polypropylene fibre), cotton fiber, flax fibre and some no polar fiberses such as glass fibre etc.; Another kind method is a melt-blown non-woven technology, and promptly polymer melt super large under the high velocity, hot air effect stretches and forms superfine fibre flocculus (non-weaving cloth), and product is mainly fusion-jetting polypropylene nitrile non-weaving cloth.
Acrylic fibers (polyacrylonitrile fibre) are a kind of important synthetic fiber, are the fiber that all formed by polyacrylonitrile spinning or the fiber that is formed by the copolymer spinning of acrylonitrile and other second, third monomers.Polyacrylonitrile fibre has good warmth retention property, is a kind of good heat-insulation warm keeping material feedstock; Simultaneously polyacrylonitrile fibre has excellent dyeability and does not have moth erosion and mould sex change, and anti-common solvent, facile hydrolysis not, characteristics such as anti-oxidant, chemical stability is good, take with fabrics for industrial use in be widely used.At present the spinning process of polyacrylonitrile fibre comprises dry spinning, wet spinning and dry-wet spinning etc., acquisition be that single fiber diameter is about 7.2～11.0 μ m normal dia fibers.
Research shows that the sound-absorbing of nonwoven material, heat-insulation warm keeping performance are relevant with factors such as kinds of fibers, fibre diameter, porosity of not weaving fabric, pore structures, and the diameter that particularly reduces fiber helps improving the sound absorption qualities of fibre, heat-insulation warm keeping performance etc.Utilize electrospinning process can obtain superfine polypropylene nitrile fiber; Utilize acrylonitrile copolymer solution to obtain the superfine fibre tunica fibrosa like Chinese patent ZL 200710070589.2 through electrospinning process; The fibre diameter that is spinned receive condition influence such as the distance, shower nozzle aperture, spinning temperature, solution concentration of gatherer (referring to Zhang Xiwei, Xia He etc. method of electrostatic spinning spinning nanoscale polyacrylonitrile fibre blanket, plastics; 2000,29:16-19).But there are problems such as output is little, energy consumption is big, production cost of products is high, production efficiency is low in electrostatic spinning technique, can't satisfy the commercial Application requirement far away, has had a strong impact on it and has applied.In the scope of applicant retrieval, not seeing has static to spin the research report that superfine polypropylene nitrile fiber is used for sound-absorbing, warming, heat insulation aspect.
Summary of the invention
To the deficiency of prior art, the technical problem that quasi-solution of the present invention is determined is that a kind of preparation method of not weaving fabric of superfine fiber sound-absorbing insulation material is provided; This preparation method adopts and melts and sprays spinning process; Have that technology is simple, controllability good, production efficiency is high, and industrializing implementation is easy, can guarantee characteristics such as stable and reliable product quality; The gained sound-absorbing insulation material is made up of the polyacrylonitrile not weaving fabric of superfine fiber, has soft, advantages such as bulking intensity is high, sound-absorption and heat-insulation function admirable.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves said preparation method's technical problem is: the preparation method who designs a kind of not weaving fabric of superfine fiber sound-absorbing insulation material; This preparation method may further comprise the steps: polyacrylonitrile is dissolved in forms spinning solution in the solvent; Again spinning solution is fed to the spinning die head that contains a series of spinneret orifices through feeding mechanism; Spinning solution is extruded from the spinneret orifice of spinning die head, formed the spinning solution thread; Simultaneously one high velocity jet air-flow by the air heater heating gets into spinning die head at least, and blows to extruding spinning solution thread via the air gap of spinning die head with the jet angle of 15-60 degree; Realization is quickened the solvent evaporates in the spinning solution simultaneously to the slenderizing of said spinning solution thread, forms superfine fibre; Utilize high velocity jet air-flow and suction airstream that said superfine fibre is gathered into net on lace curtaining, promptly form polyacrylonitrile not weaving fabric of superfine fiber sound-absorbing insulation material; Formed polyacrylonitrile not weaving fabric of superfine fiber sound-absorbing insulation material is carried out the multilayer lapping by designing requirement promptly to be got;
The viscosity average molecular weigh of said polyacrylonitrile is 8-30 ten thousand; Said solvent is N, at least a in dinethylformamide, DMAC N,N or the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); The mass fraction concentration of polyacrylonitrile is 6-40% in the said spinning solution; Said jet angle is the 15-60 degree, and the jet velocity of high velocity jet air-flow is higher at least 50 times than the extruded velocity of spinning solution thread; The temperature of said high velocity jet air-flow is 30-165 ℃; The jet velocity of said high velocity jet air-flow is 1000-30000m/min.
Compare with prior art products; Not weaving fabric of superfine fiber sound-absorbing insulation material preparation method of the present invention has overcome the drawback that conventional melt-blown process is confined to process high fluidity of molten raw material; With the method for polyacrylonitrile solution direct fabrics formation polyacrylonitrile not weaving fabric of superfine fiber, directly the steady production fibre diameter is at the not weaving fabric of superfine fiber of 0.01-3 micron, and technology is simple, controllability good, production efficiency is high; And industrializing implementation is easy, can guarantee stable and reliable product quality.The polyacrylonitrile not weaving fabric of superfine fiber sound-absorbing insulation material of gained, thinner than the fiber of Orlon non-weaving cloth and conventional melt-blowing nonwoven, feel more softness, bulkiness, gas permeability, sound-absorption and heat-insulation performance is better.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of a kind of embodiment of not weaving fabric of superfine fiber sound-absorbing insulation material preparation method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the spinning die head sketch map of a kind of embodiment of not weaving fabric of superfine fiber sound-absorbing insulation material preparation method of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment.
The preparation method of the not weaving fabric of superfine fiber sound-absorbing insulation material of the present invention's design (is called for short the preparation method; Referring to Fig. 1,2); Its processing step is following: polyacrylonitrile is dissolved in forms spinning solution in the solvent; Again spinning solution is fed to the spinning die head 1 that contains a series of spinneret orifices through feeding mechanism, spinning solution is extruded from the spinneret orifice 11 of spinning die head 1, form the spinning solution thread; Simultaneously one high velocity jet air-flow by the air heater heating gets into spinning die head 1 at least, and blows to extruding spinning solution thread via the air gap 12 of spinning die head 1 with the jet angle (referring to A direction in the accompanying drawing 2 and B angular separation) of 15-60 degree; The high velocity jet air-flow is realized the slenderizing to said spinning solution thread, quickens the solvent evaporates in the spinning solution simultaneously, forms superfine fibre; Utilize high velocity jet air-flow and suction airstream that said superfine fibre is gathered into net on lace curtaining, form the polyacrylonitrile not weaving fabric of superfine fiber; Promptly form polyacrylonitrile not weaving fabric of superfine fiber sound-absorbing insulation material; Formed polyacrylonitrile not weaving fabric of superfine fiber sound-absorbing insulation material is carried out the multilayer lapping by designing requirement promptly to be got.
Polyacrylonitrile of the present invention comprises all being polymer and the mass fraction content of the acrylonitrile monemer copolymer at the acrylonitrile monemer more than 35% and other second, third monomer copolymerizations, like the copolymer of acrylonitrile-acrylic acid ester, the copolymer of acrylonitrile-styrene, the copolymer of acrylonitrile-vinyl acetate, the copolymer of acrylonitrile-nitrile-acrylamide-acrylic acid sodium sulfonate etc.The viscosity average molecular weigh of said polyacrylonitrile is 8-30 ten thousand.
Said solvent is N, and at least a in dinethylformamide, DMAC N,N or the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) adopted two or three o'clock, and the mixed proportion of all kinds of solvents is constrained not.
The mass fraction concentration of polyacrylonitrile is 6-40% in the said spinning solution.
It is the 15-60 degree that said high velocity jet air-flow and spinning solution flow axial angle (being jet angle, referring to Fig. 2), preferred 30-45 degree, and the jet velocity of high velocity jet air-flow is higher at least 50 times than the extruded velocity of spinning solution thread, and preferred 1000-30000 is doubly.
The temperature of said high velocity jet air-flow is 30-165 ℃; The jet velocity of said high velocity jet air-flow is 1000-30000m/min.
Be to realize the solvent recovery utilization, further characteristic of the present invention is, the tubular hothouse is installed between spinning die head and lace curtaining, and the solvent evaporates process is carried out in hothouse, and the solvent after the volatilization is taken away recovery by the negative pressure air draught.
The polyacrylonitrile not weaving fabric of superfine fiber sound-absorbing insulation material (abbreviation material) that preparation method of the present invention produces, the surface density scope is 40-1800g/m
2, and be that the polyacrylonitrile superfine fibre of 0.01-3 μ m is formed by diameter all.
Polyacrylonitrile fibre has good heat-insulation warm keeping performance, at aspects such as insulation garment fabric design application is arranged more.With the Orlon is raw material, through dry non-woven cloth technology, be easy to make the polyacrylonitrile non-weaving cloth technically, but its fibre diameter is the diameter range of conventional staple fibre, and the sound-absorption and heat-insulation performance is general.Material of the present invention has adopted the polyacrylonitrile superfine fibre, and fiber is thinner, specific area is bigger, and its sound-absorbing, heat-proof quality are good, with 80g/m
2Product is an example, and its clo value is 1.169m
2℃/W, the coefficient of heat conduction is 5.536W/ (m
2℃), noise reduction coefficient is 0.77, and the material feel is more soft, bulkiness, good permeability (referring to embodiment 1).
The present invention does not address part and is applicable to prior art.
Below provide specific embodiment of the present invention, but the claim protection domain of invention application does not receive the restriction of specific embodiment.
The polyacrylonitrile of viscosity average molecular weigh 90,000 is dissolved in N with the ratio of mass fraction 32%, in the dinethylformamide, stir, process spinning solution until mixing; Spinning solution is fed to through carrier pipe in the spinning die head 1 through measuring pump, and delivery rate is 200mL/min, from spinneret orifice 11, extrudes; Simultaneous temperature is that 30 ℃ high velocity jet air-flow sprays from air gap 12, and the wind speed in air gap 12 exits is 2400m/min, and the jet velocity of exit high velocity jet air-flow and the velocity ratio of solution extruded velocity are 2800 times; Polyacrylonitrile forms superfine fibre in hothouse under the effect of high velocity jet air-flow, and be collected on the porous lace curtaining, forms polyacrylonitrile superfine fibre net, derives through lace curtaining, and cross lapping promptly obtains 80g/m
2Material of the present invention.
Through test, the distribution of fiber diameters of gained material is 0.12-1.4 μ m, and clo value is 1.169m
2. ℃/W, the coefficient of heat conduction is 5.536W/ (m
2℃), noise reduction coefficient is 0.77.
Embodiment 2
The acrylonitrile methyl meth acrylat copolymer (comonomer mol ratio 80: 20) of viscosity average molecular weigh 150,000 is dissolved in the DMAC N,N with the ratio of mass fraction 25%, stir, process spinning solution until mixing.Spinning solution is fed in the spinnerets through carrier pipe through measuring pump, and delivery rate is 120mL/min, from spinneret orifice 11, extrudes; Simultaneous temperature is that 90 ℃ high velocity jet air-flow sprays from air gap 12, and the wind speed in air gap 12 exits is 6800m/min, and the jet velocity of exit high velocity jet air-flow and the velocity ratio of solution extruded velocity are about 8000 times; Polyacrylonitrile forms superfine fibre in hothouse under the effect of high velocity jet air-flow, and be collected on the porous lace curtaining, forms polyacrylonitrile superfine fibre net, derives through lace curtaining, and cross lapping promptly obtains 210g/m
2Material of the present invention.
Through test, the distribution of fiber diameters of gained material is 0.09-0.82 μ m, and clo value is 1.252m
2. ℃/W, the coefficient of heat conduction is 5.236W/ (m
2℃), noise reduction coefficient is 0.82.
Embodiment 3
The polyacrylonitrile of viscosity average molecular weigh 270,000 is dissolved in N with the ratio of mass fraction 9%, in dinethylformamide/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (volume ratio 50: 50), stir, process spinning solution until mixing.Spinning solution is fed in the spinnerets through carrier pipe through measuring pump, and delivery rate is 120mL/min, from spinneret orifice 11, extrudes; Simultaneous temperature is that 125 ℃ high velocity jet air-flow sprays from air gap 12, and the wind speed in air gap 12 exits is 22000m/min, and the velocity ratio of the jet velocity of exit high velocity jet and solution extruded velocity is about 22000 times; Polyacrylonitrile forms superfine fibre in hothouse under the effect of high velocity jet air-flow, and be collected on the porous lace curtaining, forms polyacrylonitrile superfine fibre net, derives through lace curtaining, and cross lapping promptly obtains 850g/m
2Material of the present invention.
Through test, the distribution of fiber diameters of gained material is 0.08-0.58 μ m, clo value 1.323m
2. ℃/W, the coefficient of heat conduction is 5.089W/ (m
2℃), noise reduction coefficient is 0.90.
Claims (5)
1. the preparation method of a not weaving fabric of superfine fiber sound-absorbing insulation material; This preparation method may further comprise the steps: polyacrylonitrile is dissolved in forms spinning solution in the solvent; Again spinning solution is fed to the spinning die head that contains a series of spinneret orifices through feeding mechanism; Spinning solution is extruded from the spinneret orifice of spinning die head, formed the spinning solution thread; Simultaneously one high velocity jet air-flow by the air heater heating gets into spinning die head at least, and blows to extruding spinning solution thread via the air gap of spinning die head with the jet angle of 15-60 degree; Realization is quickened the solvent evaporates in the spinning solution simultaneously to the slenderizing of said spinning solution thread, forms superfine fibre; Utilize high velocity jet air-flow and suction airstream that said superfine fibre is gathered into net on lace curtaining, promptly form polyacrylonitrile not weaving fabric of superfine fiber sound-absorbing insulation material; Formed polyacrylonitrile not weaving fabric of superfine fiber sound-absorbing insulation material is carried out the multilayer lapping by designing requirement promptly to be got;
The viscosity average molecular weigh of said polyacrylonitrile is 8-30 ten thousand; Said solvent is N, at least a in dinethylformamide, DMAC N,N or the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); The mass fraction concentration of polyacrylonitrile is 6-40% in the said spinning solution; Said jet angle is the 15-60 degree, and the jet velocity of high velocity jet air-flow is higher at least 50 times than the extruded velocity of spinning solution thread; The temperature of said high velocity jet air-flow is 30-165 ℃; The jet velocity of said high velocity jet air-flow is 1000-30000m/min.
2. the preparation method of not weaving fabric of superfine fiber sound-absorbing insulation material according to claim 1, the jet velocity that it is characterized in that described high velocity jet air-flow are than the high 1000-30000 of extruded velocity of spinning solution thread doubly.
3. the preparation method of not weaving fabric of superfine fiber sound-absorbing insulation material according to claim 1 is characterized in that said jet angle is the 30-45 degree.
4. the preparation method of not weaving fabric of superfine fiber sound-absorbing insulation material according to claim 1; It is characterized in that between spinning die head and lace curtaining, being equipped with the tubular hothouse; The solvent evaporates process is carried out in hothouse, and the solvent after the volatilization is taken away recovery by the negative pressure air draught.
5. the not weaving fabric of superfine fiber sound-absorbing insulation material that makes of the preparation method of a claim 1,2,3 or 4 said not weaving fabric of superfine fiber sound-absorbing insulation materials, the surface density that it is characterized in that this not weaving fabric of superfine fiber sound-absorbing insulation material is 40-1800g/m
2, and be that the polyacrylonitrile superfine fibre of 0.01-3 μ m is formed by diameter all.
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| CN111519263A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-08-11 | 东华大学 | Light medium-low frequency sound absorption material and preparation method thereof |
| CN111979612A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-11-24 | 天津工业大学 | Preparation method of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon nanofibers |
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