CN102107586A - 航空轮胎及制造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种航空轮胎及制造方法。充气轮胎包括带束层结构和具有第一内半径和外半径的环型胎体,其中,该胎体包括三层或更多的帘布层,其中每层帘布层都是由含一根或多根帘线的覆胶条带组成,条带以短程线的方式进行缠绕,帘线以下面的路径从第一胎肩延伸经过胎体到达第二胎肩,所述路径具有至少一个点与轮胎的胎圈区域内的所述第一内半径相切。
Description
其他申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2009年12月23日提交的申请号为No.61/289,754的美国临时申请的权益,并以引用的方式将其内容引入到本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及具有胎体和带束层加强结构的充气轮胎,尤其涉及诸如那些在航空飞行器上使用的高速重载轮胎。
背景技术
当轮胎进入和离开接触印痕时,用于高速应用的充气轮胎的胎冠区域要承受很大程度的弯曲。这一问题对于航空轮胎而言尤为严重,在起飞和降落时轮胎可以达到超过200mph的速度。
当轮胎以非常高的速度旋转时,由于高的角加速度和速度的影响,胎冠区域容易在尺寸上增长,从而容易导致胎面区域向外径向拉伸。要靠运载工具的载荷来抵消这些力,而所述载荷仅仅在被称为接触印痕的轮胎的小块区域上获得支撑。
目前的轮胎设计驱动者是能够承受高速、重载并且重量较轻的航空轮胎。现有技术中已知的是在航空轮胎中采用曲折带束层,例如在Watanabe的美国专利No.5427167中所公开的那样。曲折带束层具有消除了在带束层组件的外侧横向边缘处的划破带束层边缘的优点。曲折带束层固有的弹性也有助于提高侧偏力。但是,设计有曲折带束层的轮胎不能够承受现今商用航空器设计所要求的重载。更进一步的,通常在承载能力和重量之间有权衡。因此,需要能够承受高速、重载并且重量较轻的改进的航空轮胎。
定义
“高宽比”指轮胎断面高度和轮胎断面宽度的比值。
“轴向”和“轴向地”指与轮胎的旋转轴线平行的线或方向。
“胎圈”或“胎圈芯”通常指包括环形张力部件的轮胎部分,径向内侧的胎圈将轮胎保持到轮辋上,轮辋被帘布层帘线包裹并成型,且具有或不具有其他的加强元件,例如胎圈芯包布、切片包布、三角胶或填料、护趾胶和胎圈包布。
“带束层结构”或“加强带束层”指位于胎面下方的、由平行帘线构成的至少两个环形层,其经过编织或未经编织,不固定到胎圈,同时具有相对于轮胎赤道面17度至27度范围内的左和右帘线角。
“斜交轮胎”意味着胎体帘布层中的加强帘线从胎圈到胎圈斜着通过轮胎延伸,帘线与轮胎赤道面呈约25度到65度的交角,交替的帘布层中帘布层帘线以相反角度延伸。
“缓冲层”或“轮胎缓冲层”和带束层或带束层结构或加强带束层意思相同。
“胎体”指轮胎帘布层材料层和其他轮胎部件。附加的部件可以在胎体硫化制成模制轮胎前添加到胎体。
“周向”指沿着垂直于轴向方向的环形胎面的表面的周长方向延伸的线或方向;其还可以指各组相邻的环形曲线的方向,如截面图中所显示的,这些环形曲线的半径确定了胎面的轴向曲率。
“帘线”指包括纤维的加强线绳单体,其被用来加强帘布层。
“内衬层”指形成无内胎轮胎的内表面且容纳轮胎内部的膨胀流体的一层或多层的弹性体或其他材料。
“垫片”指通常用来加强泄气保用型轮胎胎侧壁的加强物,其也指胎面下的弹性垫片。
“帘布层”指弹性体包覆的帘线组成的帘线加强层。
“径向的”和“径向地”指径向地朝向轮胎的旋转轴线或远离轮胎的旋转轴线的方向。
“胎侧壁”指轮胎的胎面和胎圈之间的部分。
“层叠结构”指由一层或多层轮胎或弹性体部件,例如内衬层、胎侧壁和可选的帘布层,组成的非硫化结构。
附图说明
将结合实施例并参考附图对本发明进行说明,其中:
图1是具有短程线(测地线)帘线(geodesic cord)的轮胎胎体的立体图;
图2是轮胎胎体的胎冠区的帘线的近视图;
图3是轮胎胎体的胎圈区的帘线的近视图;
图4A显示了以短程线方式缠绕在轮胎胚体的最初帘线;
图4B显示了多次缠绕后的缠绕在图4A的轮胎胚体上的帘线;
图5显示了不同的短程线曲线;
图6显示了具有根据本发明的短程线帘线的轮胎胎体的正视图;
图7显示了图6中的胎体的侧视图;
图8和图9显示了图7中的胎体的胎圈区的近视立体图;
图10和图11显示了用于轮胎胚体上敷设帘布层的设备的第一实施方式;
图12显示了用于轮胎胚体上敷设帘布层的设备的第二实施方式;以及
图13显示了航空轮胎的截面图。
具体实施方式
图13显示了根据本发明的航空轮胎300的截面图。如图所示,该航空轮胎包括一对相对的胎圈区312,每个胎圈区包含一个或多个嵌入到其中的柱胎圈320。本发明并不局限于此,本领域技术人员可以知晓的是,也可以采用其他的胎圈芯。航空轮胎300进一步包括胎侧壁部316,其从各个胎圈部312出发沿着轮胎的径向方向大致向外延伸。胎面部320在胎侧壁部316的径向外端之间延伸。进一步的,轮胎300通过胎体340来加强,胎体340从一个胎圈部312环形地延伸至另一个胎圈部312。在胎体340和胎面之间安置有带束层组件330。这些带束层组件可以是本领域技术人员熟知的传统形式,或可包括短程线带束层。下面将详细的对胎体340和短程线带束层组件进行说明。
胎体帘布层可包括任何合适的帘线,通常是尼龙,例如尼龙-6,6。帘线也可包括芳族聚酰胺、或芳族聚酰胺及尼龙帘线结构,例如,复合帘线、高能帘线或熔合帘线。在美国专利No.4893665,No.4155394或No.6799618中均描述了合适帘线的实例,在此均通过引用将其内容引入到本申请中。
胎体结构
图1至图3显示了根据本发明的轮胎胎体340,其中帘线被布置在短程线上。如图2所示,示例性轮胎的胎冠部341具有间隔开的帘布层,具有角度大约为48度(取决于整体轮胎尺寸而有所变化)。如图3所示,轮胎的胎圈区342具有彼此紧密间隔开的帘线,且帘线与胎圈相切。因此,帘布层角度从胎圈芯到胎冠持续地变化。任一平面上的短程线路径是两点间的最短距离或最小曲率。在例如圆环的曲面上,短程线路径是一条直线。一条真实的短程线帘布层模型准确地遵循以下数学方程式:
ρcosα=ρ0cosα0
其中ρ是给定区域处从芯部的旋转轴线到帘线的径向距离;
α是给定区域处帘布层帘线相对于中心周向平面的角度;
ρ0是在该周向平面上从芯部的旋转轴线到胎冠的距离,α0是帘布层帘线相对于胎面中心线或中心周向平面的角度。
图5显示了具有短程帘线的轮胎的几种不同的帘布层路径曲线。短程线轮胎的一种公知的实施方式是子午线轮胎且图中用曲线4标示,其中帘线相对于周向平面具有90度的角度α。图5中的曲线1、2和3也显示出了其他的短程帘线布局。曲线1是短程帘线式样的一种特殊情况,其中,帘线与胎圈圆相切,本文称之为轨道帘布层。图4A至图4B显示了处于不同的完成阶段的具有轨道帘布层布局的胎体340。对于图5中的曲线1,适用于下面的方程式:
当ρ=ρ胎圈,角度α为零,因为帘线与胎圈相切。
α=cos-1(ρ胎圈/ρ)
图6至图9显示了根据本发明的生轮胎胎体的第一实施方式。该胎体的帘线布置成短程线轨道方式,其中帘线与轮胎的胎圈半径相切。帘线的紧密相邻导致帘线材料在胎圈区域产生非常严重的堆积。为了克服这一固有的缺陷,发明人修改了帘布敷层,下面将进一步详细的说明。
设备
在本发明的第一实施方式中,具有短程线胎体的轮胎300是在圆环形芯部或轮胎胚体52上形成的。该芯部具有外芯面,外芯面可以是圆筒状,例如轮胎成型转鼓、用于将被翻新的轮胎的磨光的胎体,而且优选的是环面形的以便严格的匹配轮胎的内部形状。如图10和图11所示,芯部可旋转地围绕其旋转轴线安装。该芯部可以是可拆卸的或者分段成型从而可以方便地从轮胎上卸除。该芯部还可包括内加热器从而部分地硫化芯部上的内衬层。该芯部还可以是一次性的。
下一步,将内衬层305施加到芯部。内衬层可采用橡胶带或片状的橡胶通过齿轮泵挤压机或者其他本领域技术人员公知的方法来施加。具有4条或更多钢丝的柱胎圈320在内衬层上面被应用到胎圈区。在柱胎圈320和内衬层上施加第一层具有短程线式或轨道式布局的帘布层(下面将进一步详细的说明)。然后在第一层帘布层上施加第二柱胎圈320,接着施加第二层帘布层。然后施加第三柱胎圈320,接着施加具有短程线式或轨道式布局的第三层帘布层。每一层短程线帘布层大约是300-400圈,厚度为等于大约1.5-2.5层标准帘布层厚度。三层短程线帘布层的总厚度等于大约8层标准帘布层厚度。
帘布层的每个层都是通过以短程线或轨道方式来缠绕一条涂覆橡胶的帘线2而形成的。当芯部旋转时,帘线在内衬层上面被直接地施加到芯部上。参考图10至图11,图中图示了根据本发明的设备100的立体图。如图所示,设备100具有引导装置,该引导装置具有机器人电脑控制系统110,以便将帘线2布置到芯部52的环形表面上。机器人电脑控制系统110包括电脑120和控制针对特定轮胎尺寸使用的帘布层路径的预编程软件。系统110的每一个动作都可以由非常精准的动作铰接。
安装在基座151上的机器手150具有机械臂152,其可以优选地沿6个轴线移动。如图所示,操作臂152具有与之相连的帘布敷设机构70。机械臂152以预定的路径10供给帘线2。电脑控制系统使环形芯部52的旋转和帘布敷设机构70的动作相互配合。
帘布敷设机构70的动作允许凸面曲率与胎圈区附近的凹面曲率相连,从而模拟轮胎的模制外形。
参考图11,图中显示了环形芯部52的截面图。如图所示,位于环形心轴52的每一侧56上的径向内侧部54具有凹面曲率,该凹面曲率径向向外朝环形芯体52的胎冠区55延伸。随着凹截面径向向外朝上部胎侧壁部57延伸,该曲率转变成凸曲率,在又被称为环形芯部52的胎冠区55的区域。该截面非常近似地复制了轮胎的模制截面。
为了在特定的短程线路径10上使帘线2前进,机构70可包括一个或多个辊子。图中显示了两对辊子40,42,其中第二对辊子42与第一对辊子40呈90度角布置,物理空间上,第二对辊子42要比第一对辊子40高大约1英寸,且在两对辊子之间形成中心开口30以便使帘线路径10可以保持在该中心。如图所示,通过将帘线嵌入到预先放置在环形表面上的弹性复合物中与未硫化的复合物的表面胶粘性二者结合,帘线2被保持在适当的位置上。一旦帘线2被正确地围绕环形面的整个圆周施加,就可以使用后续的弹性体面涂复合物(未显示)的层叠从而完成帘布层20的构建。
图12展示了适于以短程线方式将帘布层施加到芯部上的设备的第二实施方式。该设备包括帘布层施加头200,其围绕Y轴可旋转地安装。该帘布层施加头200可以围绕Y轴正负100度旋转。帘布层施加头200的旋转对于将帘线施加到胎肩和胎圈区域是必需的。这样,帘布层施加头200可以在每一侧围绕可旋转芯部52旋转以便将帘线施加到胎侧壁和胎圈区域。帘布层施加头200安装在可以在X,Y,Z轴上平移的支撑架组件上。帘布层施加头具有施加一束或多束帘线2的出口202。帘线可以是条带状并包括一个或多个覆胶帘线。辊子210位于帘布层施加头200的附近,辊子210围绕X轴可枢转地安装,以便辊子可以自由摆动以跟随帘线的轨迹。电脑控制器精确地控制帘布层施加头和压辊机构以确保将帘布层准确布置。施加帘线时,轮胎芯部旋转。轮胎芯部进行不连续的旋转,从而使施加头的动作关于芯部进行定时。该帘布层施加头和压辊装置尤其适用于将帘线施加到轮胎芯部的侧壁以及往下施加至胎圈区域(包括胎圈区域)。
短程线帘布层的构造
覆胶帘线的条带按照这样的方式而被施加到芯部上,即,遵循下列数学方程式:ρcosα=常数。图5展示了具有短程线帘布层路径的帘布层曲线1、2和3。曲线2和3显示了角度β,角度β为任一点帘布层自身的角度。对于本发明,角度β严格地选择在大于90度到大约180度之间。优选的,本发明的短程线路径(或轨道式路径)是β约为180度的帘布层曲线2。对于帘布层曲线2来说,如果在该曲线上选取某点,例如A点,则靠近A点的帘布层角度将等于大约180度,同样的,远离A点的帘布层角度也大约为180度。因此,对于曲线2上的任一点来说,靠近或远离该点的帘布层角度都大约为180度,优选的是基本为180度。
如图5所示,选择角度α0以便帘线与胎圈相切。从A点开始,帘线与胎圈相切。图5中的曲线1显示了从A点到中心胎冠点B点的帘线路径,其中B点是拐点。帘线往轮胎的另一侧延续,帘线于C点处相切。重复该过程直到充分覆盖芯部。帘线缠绕300到450圈以形成胎体,具体的圈数取决于帘线尺寸及类型的选择。由于帘线在多处位置与胎圈相切,帘线在胎圈区域的堆积会形成胎圈。
如上所述的,帘布层帘线在芯部上的施加方式遵循下列数学方程式:ρcosα=常数。采用芯部的数据点的三维网格,可计算得到所有满足数学方程式ρcosα=常数的离散帘线数据点。如图5所示,芯部的三维数据集优选的是X,Y,Ψ坐标。接着选择用于计算的起始点。该起始点优选的为图5中的A点,其是帘线在胎圈区域的切点。然后选择终止点,其优选的为图5中的C点。C点代表与A点相比较位于轮胎的相对侧的切点。接着,计算A点到C点在Ψ上的变化。通过确定从A点到C点的最短距离的方法,就可以从三维数据集中得到从起始点A点到终止点C点的理想帘线路径。优选的是,采用动态编程控制方法来计算从A点到C点的三维最短距离。可以采用电脑算法来计算三维数据集中A点到C点的所有可能的路径的距离,然后选择距离最短的路径。从A点到C点的距离最短的路径代表短程线路径。然后将这些离散数据点存储在队列中,由计算机控制系统来使用以确定帘线路径。然后在从C点到下一相切点之间重复这一过程,不断重复该过程直到胎体被充分覆盖。
利用转位的短程线帘布层
作为本发明的一个变型,除了下面所描述差异外,其余的都与上面的情况相同。在N圈旋转内,条带以第一连续条带从第一位置点开始而被施加,其严格遵循ρcosα=常数。N是5到20之间的一个整数,优选的为8到12之间,更优选的为大约9。在N圈后,第二连续条带的起始点被移动至第一位置点附近的第二位置点。条带不被切断而是保持连续,尽管也可以切断条带并将其转换到起始位置。重复上面的步骤直到产生足够的帘布层覆盖,这通常需要300或更多的圈旋转。发明人发现这种小调整有助于帘布层的间隔更加均匀。
半径变动
在根据本发明的又一变型中,除下面描述的之外,其余的均与上述描写相同。为了减少在胎圈区的堆积,在轮胎的胎圈区域上,半径ρ通过以Q圈的间隔在径向方向上加减德尔塔(δ)来进行改变。δ的范围可从大约2mm到大约20mm,优选的为约3到大约10mm,更优选的为约4到大约6mm。半径优选地以随机的方式变化。举例来说,如果Q是100,则对每旋转100圈来说,半径可能加长大约5mm,而在第二个100圈中,半径可能减小大约5mm。
另一种改变半径的办法是在每转第Q圈时,调整半径大小,以便使切点在半径方向上逐步地减少伽马(γ),其中γ的变化范围为约3mm到约10mm。Q的范围可以是大约80到150,更优选的是大约90到大约120圈。因此举例来说,Q可以是大约100圈,而γ可以是大约5mm。则对于每转100圈来说,半径可能在径向方向上减少5mm。半径的改变优选地可与前面所述的转位结合起来。
轴向变化
在又一变型中,除下面描述的之外,其余的均与上述描写的实施方式相同。由于解决胎圈区域处的堆积,帘线的轴向尺寸在胎圈区域增加。因此在胎圈区域短程线方程式会产生偏离。在胎圈区域附近,ρ小于某值,要计算新的X值来解决胎圈区域的材料堆积。基于帘线厚度来计算新的X值。新的X值可通过采用二次方程来获得。ρ和α的值保持不变。
停留变化
在又一变型中,除下面描述的之外,其余的均与上述描写的实施方式相同。为了减少胎圈区域的堆积,采用了停留角Ψ。因此,在胎圈处不再是一个相切点,角度Ψ停留为大约5度或更小的小值,而其余变量保持不变。停留变化对于填补胎圈区域内的帘线的间隙是有用的。
短程线带束层布局
具备前述的短程线帘布层的胎体的胎冠区域可进一步可选地包括一个或多个短程线带束层。短程线带束层位于胎肩之间的轮胎胎冠区。在轮胎胎冠区,在短程线胎体上可施加一个或多个的短程线带束层。该短程线带束层可遵循下列方程式:ρcosα=常数。该带束层可采用前述的制造方法来施加到胎体上。
该一个或多个的短程线带束层也可具有下列方程式:
(1)ρ[cosα]n=常数,其中
(2)0<n<1
(3)常数=ρ0[cosα0]n
如果轮胎胎体是短程线形式的,优选的是n在大约0.1和大约0.3之间的范围。对于航空轮胎来说,可使用一个或多个短程线带束层,优选的是两个。
在本申请公开内容的启示下,本发明还可能有其他变型。虽然示出了特定的代表性的实施方式和细节以说明主题发明的目的,对于本领域技术人员而言,很明显的是可以在不脱离本主题发明的范围下对其进行不同的改动和变换。因此,容易理解的是,可以对公开的特定实施方式进行改动,而这些改动仍然在后附的权利要求限定的本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种充气轮胎,其特征在于:其具有带束层结构和环型胎体,所述环型胎体具有第一内半径和外半径,其中所述胎体包括三层或更多的帘布层,其中每层帘布层由包括一根或多根帘线的覆胶条带形成,所述条带以短程线的方式进行缠绕,其中帘线以下面的路径从第一胎肩延伸通过所述胎体到达第二胎肩,所述路径具有至少一个点与位于轮胎的胎圈区域内的所述第一内半径相切。
2.如权利要求1所述的充气轮胎,其特征在于每旋转第N圈时,该条带的起始点移动至不同的位置,继续以短程线的方式缠绕下一个N圈,其中N是大约5到大约15范围内的整数。
3.如权利要求1所述的充气轮胎,其进一步包括柱胎圈。
4.如权利要求1所述的充气轮胎,其特征在于所述帘线由芳族聚酰胺制成。
5.如权利要求1所述的充气轮胎,其特征在于所述帘线由聚酯纤维制成。
6.如权利要求1所述的充气轮胎,其特征在于所述轮胎具有一个或多个带束帘布层,其中所述带束帘布层中的至少一个具有帘线,所述帘线由方程式ρ[cosα]n=K限定,其中n是0.1到1之间的正实数,K是常数。
7.一种制造轮胎的方法,其包括如下步骤:
提供可旋转的芯部;
确定所述芯部的外表面的三维数据点(X,Y,Ψ);在所述芯部之上提供内衬层且在胎圈区域内提供柱胎圈;通过以短程线的方式将一根或多根覆胶帘线的条带缠绕到所述芯部上,在所述内衬层和所述胎圈区域上方形成第一层帘布层:使所述帘线以下面的路径从第一胎肩延伸通过所述胎体到达第二胎肩,所述路径具有至少一个点与位于轮胎的胎圈区域内的所述第一内半径相切。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于第二柱胎圈被设置在所述第一层帘布层的上方,并通过以短程线的方式缠绕一根或多根覆胶帘线的条带形成第二层帘布层:使所述帘线以下面的路径从所述第一胎肩延伸通过所述胎体到达所述第二胎肩,所述路径具有至少一个点与位于轮胎的胎圈区域内的所述第一内半径相切。
9.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于所述轮胎的胎冠部上方形成有带束层,其中带束帘布层是通过以短程线的方式将一根或多根覆胶帘线的条带缠绕到所述胎冠上形成的。
10.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于所述轮胎的胎冠部上形成带束层,其中带束帘布层是通过按照由方程式ρ[cosα]n=K限定的方式将一根或多根覆胶帘线的条带缠绕到所述胎冠上形成的,其中n是0.1到1之间的正实数,K是常数。
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- 2010-12-22 BR BRPI1005583-5A patent/BRPI1005583A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103879233A (zh) * | 2012-12-20 | 2014-06-25 | 固特异轮胎和橡胶公司 | 具有短程线带束的充气轮胎 |
CN103879234A (zh) * | 2012-12-20 | 2014-06-25 | 固特异轮胎和橡胶公司 | 构造修正短程线带束的方法 |
CN103879234B (zh) * | 2012-12-20 | 2017-02-22 | 固特异轮胎和橡胶公司 | 构造修正短程线带束的方法 |
CN113246517A (zh) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-08-13 | 山东新豪克轮胎有限公司 | 轮胎带束层缠绕工艺 |
CN113246517B (zh) * | 2021-05-12 | 2022-06-10 | 山东新豪克轮胎有限公司 | 轮胎带束层缠绕工艺 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20110146875A1 (en) | 2011-06-23 |
US8973635B2 (en) | 2015-03-10 |
BRPI1005583A2 (pt) | 2013-04-02 |
EP2340947A1 (en) | 2011-07-06 |
CN102107586B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
EP2340947B1 (en) | 2014-06-11 |
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