CN102084774A - Method for raising seedling of oil palm seed - Google Patents
Method for raising seedling of oil palm seed Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant sprout breeding, in particular to a method for raising a seedling of an oil palm seed, which comprises the following steps of: (1) seed harvesting and accelerating germination; (2) seedbed preparing; (3) sowing and seedling-growing managing; and (4) transplanting. The invention has a simple process, is convenient for operation, increases the oil palm seed germinating speed, the germinating rate and the uniformity through combining accelerating germination with seedling-growing manners, improves the sprout quality, cultivates robust sprouts, shortens the oil palm period of immaturity, and provides a high-efficiency method for mass sprouts required by the oil palm planting industry.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant seedling breeding, be specifically related to a kind of oil palm seed seedling-raising method.
Background technology
Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) belongs to the Palmae oil palm and belongs to, and originates in Africa, mainly is distributed in the north and Central America of the western part in Malaysia, Indonesia, Africa in Asia and middle part, South America.Plant is tall and big, the system of fibrous root, and stem is upright, and branch is not cylindric.Blade pinniform is totally cleaved, single leaf, and spadix (panicle), the different preface of monoecism, fruit belongs to drupe.The pulp of oil palm, kernel oil-containing enrich, and the title of " world oil king " in various oil crop, is arranged.China introduces a fine variety the history in existing more than 80 year of oil palm, mainly is distributed in Hainan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi.
Oil palm happiness high temperature, moistening, intense light irradiation environment require fertile soil, and happiness is wet but intolerant to waterlogging.Conventional mating system is to adopt seed seedling-raising, and general field planting can be blossomed and beared fruit in 3 years, but will require the elite stand age of tree more than 8 years as producing the seed that uses, and blossoms and bears fruit throughout the year; Being accomplished to fruit maturation from pollination needs 6 months, pericarp tool cellulosic, and oil content is big, and seed grain is big, and thousand kernel weight does not have obvious resting stage (can cause seed dormancy but deal with improperly) greater than 2000 grams.The general selection grown seedlings the 6-7 month, it is irregular to germinate, the summer high temperature phase, sustainable about 60 days of germination front and back, germination rate is about 60%, going out the garden plantation from the seed collection to the seedling needs 2 years left and right sides time, and the limitation and the drawback of this kind method show as: it is irregular to germinate, and a maintenance time of growing seedlings is long; If the control of temperature and moisture will influence the embryo activity of seed accidentally during the vernalization; The stage of growing seedlings is subjected to the limitation of nature temperature and illumination condition bigger.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to provides a kind of oil palm seed seedling-raising method at the deficiencies in the prior art, vernalization by removing the exocarp seed and seedling raising manners combine and can shorten vernalization and growing-seedling period effectively, have characteristics such as seed sprouting is neat, bud ratio is high, growth of seedling is good, the double project seedling of scientific research institution that is applicable to is equipped with and oil palm implant mass production utilization.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of oil palm seed seedling-raising method, its concrete steps are as follows:
1, seed is chosen and vernalization
Choose fruit full, the strong oil palm kind fruit of age more than 6 months, soaked 10～15 days with clear water, the exocarp for the treatment of kind of fruit rots after the deliquescing its removal, clean up, spread nature out and hung 1～2 day, choose full seed, seed of the same size places 35～40 ℃ warm water to soak 36～72 hours, the seed in the water surface is floated in removal, then the seed that cleans up is placed 0.05～1% liquor potassic permanganate to soak 30～50 minutes, clean, stand-by.
2, prepare in the seedbed
In green house, be the seedbed with the seedling medium build, and 1000～2000 times of thiophanate methyl solution of drenching, waiting to dry in the air gets final product to half-dried; Described seedling medium is by fertilizer, becomes thoroughly decomposed coconut palm chaff and particulate river sand by volume: fertilizer: the coconut palm chaff becomes thoroughly decomposed: particulate river sand=0.5～1: 1: 2 ratio is mixed; The described coconut palm chaff that becomes thoroughly decomposed is the coconut palm chaff that disacidify handles that becomes thoroughly decomposed.
Described fertilizer is the animal wastes of becoming thoroughly decomposed.
3, sowing and seedling management
Leave dark 4～5 centimetres shallow ridges on the seedbed, the oil palm seed that will handle through vernalization is according to 10 centimetres of line spaces, the seed spacing be 1～2 centimetre specification equably row broadcast in shallow ridges, blastopore covers the water of drenching behind the fine sand up; The sunshade net is pulled on the booth top, and trickle is 3～4 times weekly, keeps soil matrix moistening; After treating seed germination and exposing Shamian Island, keep in the cool canopy humidity, between 25～32 ℃ of the temperature of shed 75～80%.
4, transplant
Choose the packed nutrition soil of nutrition, the transplantation of seedlings that grows 2～4 leaves is gone in the nutritious bag, the water of drenching, put into the cool canopy management, keep nutrition soil moistening, transplant the standard sealing fertilizer (15: 15: 15) of pressing 5～20 gram/strains after one month every month, sprayed one time agricultural chemicals every 1～2 month, hardening shifts out cool canopy during seedling length to 10 slice leaf, carries out equilateral triangle according to 60 centimetres of spacing in the rows and puts; Continuation can be used for transplanting until the cultivation nursery stock according to above management by methods.Described nutrition soil is by fertilizer, coconut palm chaff and laterite by volume: fertilizer: coconut palm chaff: particulate river sand=2～3: 1: 3 ratio is mixed.Described coconut palm chaff is the coconut palm chaff that disacidify handles that becomes thoroughly decomposed.
Described agricultural chemicals is the mixed liquor of 1000～1500 times of liquid of Avermectin and 600～800 times of liquid of carbendazim.
Described fertilizer is the animal wastes of becoming thoroughly decomposed.
Process of the present invention is simple; easy to operate; combine by vernalization and seedling raising manners and can improve oil palm seed germination speed, germination rate and regularity effectively; promote the seedling quality; cultivate healthy and strong seedling; shorten oil palm time period of immaturity, the scale seedling production that needs for oil palm plant husbandry provides a kind of high-efficiency method.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described to adopt non-limiting embodiment below.
Embodiment one
1, seed is chosen and the vernalization processing
Choose full, the strong oil palm kind fruit of gathering in June, 2009, put into bucket, clear water did not have 10 centimetres in seed, changed a water in 2 days, treat the rotten deliquescing of exocarp of seed after 11 days, remove exocarp by hand, flushing with clean water is clean, spread nature out and hung 1 day, the seed that will dry places 38 ℃ warm water, removes the seed that floats in the water surface, changed one time water every 24 hours, soaked 48 hours, and then the seed that cleans up was placed 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate to soak 30 minutes and rinse well with running water, stand-by.
2, prepare in the seedbed
The animal wastes that to become thoroughly decomposed, the coconut palm chaff that becomes thoroughly decomposed, particulate river sand are (volume ratio) according to prescription: fertilizer: the coconut palm chaff becomes thoroughly decomposed: the ratio of particulate river sand=0.5: 1: 2 mixes, and the seedbed is built in the back, and the 1500 times of thiophanate methyl solution of drenching dry in the air to half-dried stand-by.
3, sowing and seedling management
368 in the seed that will handle through vernalization, according to 10 centimetres of line spaces, the seed spacing be 1～2 centimetre specification equably row broadcast on the seedbed, blastopore covers one deck fine sand up again, the water of drenching; The sunshade net is pulled on the booth top, and trickle is 3 times weekly, keeps soil matrix moistening; Seed germination and priority are exposed Shamian Island after 84 days, keep this moment the interior humidity of cool canopy about 80%, between temperature of shed 25～32 degree, become seedling 298 strains after 1 month altogether, planting percent 81%.The seedling pack changes the maintenance of growing seedlings over to behind three leaves.
4, transplant
Nutrition soil is equipped with in the seedling immigration of 3 leaves, and (prescription is: fertilizer: the coconut palm chaff: 19 * 40 centimetres of nutritious bags laterite=2: 1: 3), the water of drenching, put into the cool canopy management, drench weekly water 1～2 time, keep nutrition soil moistening, transplant sealing fertilizer every month (15: 15: 15) 10 gram/strains after month, sprayed 800 times of liquid of 1500 times of liquid+carbendazim of an Avermectin every 2 months, hardening shifts out cool canopy during seedling length to 10 slice leaf, carries out equilateral triangle according to 60 centimetres of spacing in the rows and puts; Continuation can be used for transplanting until the cultivation nursery stock according to above management by methods.
Embodiment two
1, seed is chosen and the vernalization processing
Choose full, the strong oil palm seed of gathering in November, 2009, put into bucket, clear water did not have 10 centimetres in seed, changed a water in 2 days, treat the rotten deliquescing of exocarp of seed after 13 days, remove exocarp by hand, flushing with clean water is clean, spread nature out and hung 2 days, the seed that will dry places 38 ℃ warm water, removes the seed that floats in the water surface, changed one time water every 24 hours, soaked 48 hours, and then the seed that cleans up was placed 0.8% liquor potassic permanganate to soak 40 minutes and rinse well with running water, stand-by.
2, prepare in the seedbed
The animal wastes that to become thoroughly decomposed, the coconut palm chaff that becomes thoroughly decomposed, particulate river sand are (volume ratio) according to prescription: fertilizer: the coconut palm chaff becomes thoroughly decomposed: the ratio of particulate river sand=1: 1: 2 mixes, and the seedbed is built in the back, and the 1000 times of thiophanate methyl solution of drenching dry in the air to half-dried stand-by.
3, sowing and seedling management
674 in the seed that will handle through vernalization, according to 10 centimetres of line spaces, the seed spacing be 1-2 centimetre specification equably row broadcast on the seedbed, blastopore covers one deck fine sand up again, the water of drenching; The sunshade net is pulled on the booth top, and trickle is 3 times weekly, keeps soil matrix moistening; Seed germination and priority are exposed Shamian Island after 90 days, keep this moment the interior humidity of cool canopy about 80%, between temperature of shed 25～32 degree, become seedling 539 strains after 1 month altogether, planting percent 80%.The seedling pack changes the maintenance of growing seedlings over to behind three leaves.
4, transplant
Nutrition soil is equipped with in the seedling immigration of 3 leaves, and (prescription is: fertilizer: the coconut palm chaff: 19 * 40 centimetres of nutritious bags laterite=2: 1: 3), the water of drenching, put into the cool canopy management, drench weekly water 1～2 time, keep nutrition soil moistening, transplant sealing fertilizer every month (15: 15: 15) 8 gram/strains after month, sprayed 800 times of liquid of 1200 times of liquid+carbendazim of an Avermectin every 2 months, hardening shifts out cool canopy during seedling length to 10 slice leaf, carries out equilateral triangle according to 60 centimetres of spacing in the rows and puts; Continuation can be used for transplanting until the cultivation nursery stock according to above management by methods.
Claims (3)
1. an oil palm seed seedling-raising method is characterized in that, its concrete steps are as follows:
1), seed is chosen and vernalization
Choose fruit full, the strong oil palm kind fruit of age more than 6 months, soaked 10～15 days with clear water, the exocarp for the treatment of kind of fruit rots after the deliquescing its removal, clean up, spread nature out and hung 1～2 day, choose full seed, seed of the same size places 35～40 ℃ warm water to soak 36～72 hours, the seed in the water surface is floated in removal, then the seed that cleans up is placed 0.05～1% liquor potassic permanganate to soak 30～50 minutes, clean, stand-by;
2), prepare in the seedbed
In green house, be the seedbed with the seedling medium build, and 1000～2000 times of thiophanate methyl solution of drenching, waiting to dry in the air gets final product to half-dried; Described seedling medium is by fertilizer, becomes thoroughly decomposed coconut palm chaff and particulate river sand by volume: fertilizer: the coconut palm chaff becomes thoroughly decomposed: particulate river sand=0.5～1: 1: 2 ratio is mixed; The described coconut palm chaff that becomes thoroughly decomposed is the coconut palm chaff that disacidify handles that becomes thoroughly decomposed;
3), sowing and seedling management
Leave dark 4～5 centimetres shallow ridges on the seedbed, the oil palm seed that will handle through vernalization is according to 10 centimetres of line spaces, the seed spacing be 1～2 centimetre specification equably row broadcast in shallow ridges, blastopore covers the water of drenching behind the fine sand up; The sunshade net is pulled on the booth top, and trickle is 3～4 times weekly, keeps soil matrix moistening; After treating seed germination and exposing Shamian Island, keep in the cool canopy humidity, between 25～32 ℃ of the temperature of shed 75～80%;
4), transplant
Choose the packed nutrition soil of nutrition, the transplantation of seedlings that grows 2～4 leaves is gone in the nutritious bag, the water of drenching, put into the cool canopy management, keep nutrition soil moistening, transplant the standard sealing fertilizer of pressing 5～20 gram/strains after one month every month, sprayed one time agricultural chemicals every 1～2 month, hardening shifts out cool canopy during seedling length to 10 slice leaf, carries out equilateral triangle according to 60 centimetres of spacing in the rows and puts; Continuation can be used for transplanting until the cultivation nursery stock according to above management by methods; Described nutrition soil is by fertilizer, coconut palm chaff and laterite by volume: fertilizer: coconut palm chaff: particulate river sand=2～3: 1: 3 ratio is mixed; Described coconut palm chaff is the coconut palm chaff that disacidify handles that becomes thoroughly decomposed.
2. oil palm seed seedling-raising method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described fertilizer is the animal wastes of becoming thoroughly decomposed.
3. oil palm seed seedling-raising method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described agricultural chemicals is the mixed liquor of 1000～1500 times of liquid of Avermectin and 600～800 times of liquid of carbendazim.
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| CN2010105478628A CN102084774B (en) | 2010-11-05 | 2010-11-05 | Oil palm seed seedling raising method |
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| CN2010105478628A CN102084774B (en) | 2010-11-05 | 2010-11-05 | Oil palm seed seedling raising method |
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Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102523788A (en) * | 2012-02-25 | 2012-07-04 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | Dry heat bud accelerating method for seeds of oil palm |
| CN102812804A (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2012-12-12 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | Accelerating germination method for shell-free type oil palm seeds |
| CN102986332A (en) * | 2012-12-07 | 2013-03-27 | 浙江农林大学 | Fast large-scale germination accelerating method for palm seed |
| CN103371039A (en) * | 2012-04-18 | 2013-10-30 | 珠海市绿洋棕榈能源发展有限公司 | Oil-palm seedling breeding and cultivating method |
| CN103416208A (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2013-12-04 | 北京林大林业科技股份有限公司 | Cultivation method of cold-resistant palms |
| CN103477903A (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2014-01-01 | 中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所 | Nutrient soil special for areca catechu seedling cultivation |
| CN104813836A (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2015-08-05 | 杨友仁 | Equilateral triangle point artificial ecological planting method and method for planting ginseng by utilizing equilateral triangle point artificial ecological planting method |
| CN105103906A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-12-02 | 固镇县绿禾家庭农场 | Tomentosa cherry planting method |
| CN105850578A (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2016-08-17 | 郎溪县宏业粮油种植家庭农场 | Soil for breeding seedlings of rice for coordinating intestines and stomach and preparation method thereof |
| CN105948936A (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2016-09-21 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Seedling raising matrix suitable for tropical zone plants and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN106613629A (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2017-05-10 | 蚌埠市金牛湾农业科技发展有限公司 | Seedling method for elaeocarpusdecipiens |
| CN107926467A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-04-20 | 四川省自然资源科学研究院 | A kind of extremely frigid zones hippophae rhamnoides seed method for culturing seedlings |
| CN108012611A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2018-05-11 | 海南师范大学 | The collection method of red olive Lee seed and red olive Lee method for culturing seedlings |
| CN108925402A (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2018-12-04 | 中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所 | Application of the oil palm kind shell in oil palm seedling |
| CN109392681A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-03-01 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | The method for culturing seedlings of oil palm |
| CN109566329A (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2019-04-05 | 中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所 | A kind of method for transplanting of oil palm tree |
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Patent Citations (3)
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| CN1236538A (en) * | 1999-04-21 | 1999-12-01 | 苏华生 | Method for quick cultivation of litchi seedlings with litchi twigs |
| CN1473458A (en) * | 2003-06-07 | 2004-02-11 | 诸城莲春天然色素提纯有限公司 | Cultivation and breeding method for Adonis amurensis |
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Cited By (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102523788B (en) * | 2012-02-25 | 2013-11-06 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | Dry heat bud accelerating method for seeds of oil palm |
| CN102523788A (en) * | 2012-02-25 | 2012-07-04 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | Dry heat bud accelerating method for seeds of oil palm |
| CN103371039A (en) * | 2012-04-18 | 2013-10-30 | 珠海市绿洋棕榈能源发展有限公司 | Oil-palm seedling breeding and cultivating method |
| CN103371039B (en) * | 2012-04-18 | 2015-09-09 | 珠海市绿洋棕榈能源发展有限公司 | A kind of oil palm seedling breeding cultivation method |
| CN102812804A (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2012-12-12 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | Accelerating germination method for shell-free type oil palm seeds |
| CN102986332A (en) * | 2012-12-07 | 2013-03-27 | 浙江农林大学 | Fast large-scale germination accelerating method for palm seed |
| CN102986332B (en) * | 2012-12-07 | 2013-12-25 | 浙江农林大学 | Fast large-scale germination accelerating method for palm seed |
| CN103416208A (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2013-12-04 | 北京林大林业科技股份有限公司 | Cultivation method of cold-resistant palms |
| CN103477903A (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2014-01-01 | 中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所 | Nutrient soil special for areca catechu seedling cultivation |
| CN104813836B (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2017-07-21 | 杨友仁 | The method for being combined plantation ginseng using the planting patterns and oblique cultivation cultural method of equilateral triangle point |
| CN104813836A (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2015-08-05 | 杨友仁 | Equilateral triangle point artificial ecological planting method and method for planting ginseng by utilizing equilateral triangle point artificial ecological planting method |
| CN105103906A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-12-02 | 固镇县绿禾家庭农场 | Tomentosa cherry planting method |
| CN105850578A (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2016-08-17 | 郎溪县宏业粮油种植家庭农场 | Soil for breeding seedlings of rice for coordinating intestines and stomach and preparation method thereof |
| CN105948936A (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2016-09-21 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Seedling raising matrix suitable for tropical zone plants and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN105948936B (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2019-08-23 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | A kind of seedling medium suitable for torrid areas plant and preparation method thereof and purposes |
| CN106613629A (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2017-05-10 | 蚌埠市金牛湾农业科技发展有限公司 | Seedling method for elaeocarpusdecipiens |
| CN108012611A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2018-05-11 | 海南师范大学 | The collection method of red olive Lee seed and red olive Lee method for culturing seedlings |
| CN108012611B (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2021-01-19 | 海南师范大学 | Method for collecting prunus persica seeds and prunus persica seedling culture method |
| CN107926467A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-04-20 | 四川省自然资源科学研究院 | A kind of extremely frigid zones hippophae rhamnoides seed method for culturing seedlings |
| CN108925402A (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2018-12-04 | 中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所 | Application of the oil palm kind shell in oil palm seedling |
| CN109392681A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-03-01 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | The method for culturing seedlings of oil palm |
| CN109392681B (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2021-06-08 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Seedling raising method for oil palm |
| CN109566329A (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2019-04-05 | 中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所 | A kind of method for transplanting of oil palm tree |
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