CN102077860A - Electron-beam radiation preservation method for pleurotus nebrodensis - Google Patents
Electron-beam radiation preservation method for pleurotus nebrodensis Download PDFInfo
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- CN102077860A CN102077860A CN2009102240333A CN200910224033A CN102077860A CN 102077860 A CN102077860 A CN 102077860A CN 2009102240333 A CN2009102240333 A CN 2009102240333A CN 200910224033 A CN200910224033 A CN 200910224033A CN 102077860 A CN102077860 A CN 102077860A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a technique for applying electron-beam radiation in preservation of harvested pleurotus nebrodensis. In the technique, a high-speed electron accelerator with a power of 10MeV is used as an electron radiation source, a radiation dose of 1 to 10kGy is selected to radiate the harvested pleurotus nebrodensis, and the radiated pleurotus nebrodensis is stored in a low-temperature refrigeration house at a temperature of 4 DEG C and a relative humidity of 75 to 85 percent. The preservation technique solves the problems of pollution, low energy utilization rate, low efficiency, time consumption and the like of other preservation methods, and can prolong the shelf life of the harvested pleurotus nebrodensis by 5 to 7 days.
Description
Technical field
The present patent application relates to a kind of preservation method of Pleurotus nebrodensis, particularly, relate to the Pleurotus nebrodensis after plucking is carried out electron beam irradiation, and the Pleurotus nebrodensis behind the irradiation is stored under the suitable temperature and humidity environment, come Pleurotus nebrodensis is carried out fresh-keeping method, to prolong the shelf life of Pleurotus nebrodensis.
Background technology
Pleurotus nebrodensis [Pleurotus nebrodensis (Inzengae) Qu é l.] claim the asafoetide mushroom again, belongs to the living bacterium of low form grass, and its fructification big handle is thick, color is pure white, quality is tender and crisp, smell is fragrant, and delicate mouthfeel is a kind of colory large-scale meat agaric.Compare with other mushroom classes, Pleurotus nebrodensis is edible and medical value is higher, its protein content is up to 14.7%, fat (4.31%), crude fibre (15.4%), amino acid (10.6%) all will be higher than other edible mushrooms, the mineral matter of the multiple beneficial health that contains, particularly fungi polysaccharide has the enhancing body immunity, regulates the effect of human body physiological equilibrium.Because its cultivation cycle is shorter, cost is low, and high efficiency is pollution-free, meet the requirement of pollution-free food, have good economic benefits and vast potential for future development, Shandong in recent years, Henan, Qinghai, Hebei, the numerous and confused dynamics that strengthens in the Pleurotus nebrodensis plantation of mushroom farming on ground such as Yunnan, and obtained good economic benefits.
Pleurotus nebrodensis after equally gathering with other edible mushrooms still carries out conventional metabolism, consume the nutriment of storage, institutional framework is also destroyed thereupon, find that after deliberation Pleurotus nebrodensis adopts back 3 days to the 6 days moisture in the mushroom body and can a large amount of scatter and disappear, lamella begins browning, the bad change of local flavor, commodity value descends.Therefore prolonging the shelf life of adopting the bright mushroom in back, is the problem demanding prompt solution that the Pleurotus nebrodensis industry development faces.Being applied to adopt the fresh-keeping method of back Pleurotus nebrodensis at present mainly contains following several:
Preservation by low temperature method: be a kind of effective ways that are suitable for Pleurotus nebrodensis short-term storage transportation, this method mainly is that the respiratory metabolism of adopting low temperature environment can suppress edible mushroom reduces respiration heat and enzymology reaction, and can suppress microbial growth and keep the freshness of adopting back mushroom body with this.Its shortcoming is that workload is big, and energy consumption is big, should not be as long-term long-distance method for storage and transportation.
Controlled atmosphere: controlled atmosphere is by changing the content of oxygen, carbon dioxide in the storage environment, make the content of oxygen be reduced to 2%-5%, carbon dioxide content is brought up to more than 3%, and such environment can keep the freshness of edible mushroom when plucking, and reduces the loss, prolong storage period, delay the after-ripening of edible mushroom, suppress aging, postpone or alleviate to ruin, pollution-free, reach and suppress that the edible mushroom respiratory intensity delays senility and the purpose of metamorphic process.The shortcoming of this method is to suppress growing of microorganism, also should not be as long term storing method.
Chemical fresh-keeping method: utilize certain density chemical liquid such as growth inhibitor, the enzymatic inactivation agent, anticorrisive agent, deodorant, pH value conditioning agents etc. soak bright mushroom, can and change mushroom body internal solution concentration or pH value by the active of inhibitory enzyme, reduce its vital movement, reach fresh-keeping purpose such as prevent that variable color, rotten and parachute-opening from wearing out with this thereby suppress respiratory intensity.Yet, and, make people more and more recognize the danger of this preservation method to the toxic and side effect that human body produces because chemical liquid tends to the certain destruction of generation to edible fungi nutrition value and organoleptic indicator.
The room temperature ozone fresh-keeping: ozone is a kind of strong oxidizing gas, and the oxidation Decomposition organic matter is a kind of effective bactericide rapidly.It mainly is the microorganism that suppresses to breathe and kill the edible mushroom surface to the preservation of edible mushroom, and thorough disinfection is carried out on the thalline surface, avoided edible mushroom in storage process because of rotting due to the surface microorganism, thereby prolong fresh keeping time.
Gamma-ray irradiation is fresh-keeping: irradiation is fresh-keeping to be a kind of cold treatment technology, need not to improve food temperature, can not cause the significant change of food internal temperature, do not add any chemical reagent, there is not any residue, be a kind of physics method for preserving, the irradiation bomb that is widely used in the food fresh keeping aspect at present mainly be by
60Co and
137The gamma-rays that Cs produces.By actinism in food surface, food itself does not contact irradiation bomb, can not produce radioactive pollution, can contaminated food products and environment yet, behind a large amount of safety experiments, FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation), the irradiated food joint specialist committee of the World Health Organization and international Atomic Energy Commission announced in October, 1980, the any food of absorbed dose of radiation below 10kGy all is safe, need not to do toxicological experiment.But gamma-ray irradiation is fresh-keeping still to exist very big problem, for example needs very thick wall and prevents radiation leakage, handles to such an extent that radiation source is put in people's water stopped irradiation at every turn,
60The Co gamma-rays half-life is 5 years,
137The Cs gamma-rays half-life is 31 years, thereby also needs cold radioactive source is handled.
Although more than several preservation methods prolonged the shelf life of adopting the back Pleurotus nebrodensis to a certain extent, wherein the various problems of Cun Zaiing make it all can not finely be widely used in adopting back mushroom preservation to put into practice.
(laser biology journal such as Li Mu, the 16th the 5th phase of volume, 2007) summarized a kind of electron beam irradiation preservation technique that is used for agricultural products storage and preservation, its principle is to make water and small-molecule substance radiolysis by the high-power electron beam ray that electron accelerator produces by DNA in the direct effect destruction living body biological cell or by indirectly-acting, generation-H ,-OH isoreactivity free radical, with material effect in the nuclear, cross-linking reaction takes place, electron beam than low dosage can be under the prerequisite of not appreciable impact food quality, kill disease and pest, thereby prolong the shelf life of food.Electronic beam irradiation technology has bactericidal action, and is convenient and swift, the advantage of safety and environmental protection, it has been used for fruit, poultry, cereal, Chinese medicine, flavouring, fresh-keeping of vegetables, and edible fungus fresh-keeping, fresh-keeping as irradiation being carried out in the section of two spore mushrooms with electron beam, can preserve 21d for 4 ℃.But, also have no talent at present electronic beam irradiation technology is used for the fresh-keeping of Pleurotus nebrodensis, the aforesaid preservation by low temperature of fresh-keeping main employing of Pleurotus nebrodensis, controlled atmosphere, fresh chemically, room temperature ozone fresh-keeping and gamma-ray irradiation fresh-keeping method, and these methods are also unsatisfactory to the prolongation effect of the shelf life of Pleurotus nebrodensis after adopting.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming existing preservation technique in the problem that the Pleurotus nebrodensis fresh-keeping aspect exists, the invention provides a kind of preservation method of new Pleurotus nebrodensis, this method adopts high-velocity electron beam as irradiation bomb, and the Pleurotus nebrodensis after adopting is carried out irradiation.Because the generation of electron beam irradiation and disappearance can be controlled by power switch fully, and be simple to operate, do not need radiation source, free from environmental pollution, operating personnel there is not injury, can directly apply to serialization production, so this technology can become adopts the fresh-keeping best preservation method of back Pleurotus nebrodensis.
The technical scheme that preservation method adopted of Pleurotus nebrodensis provided by the present invention is:
Preservative film and the good Pleurotus nebrodensis individual layer of pallet packing are placed in the can on the conveyer belt, order is a irradiation bomb on the high-velocity electrons accelerator of 10MeV by power, irradiation dose is 0-10kGy, be preferably 1-4.5kGy, most preferably be 3kGy, positive and negative each irradiation once is stored in 4 ℃ with Pleurotus nebrodensis after irradiation finishes, and relative humidity is to store in the freezer of 75-85%.
The beneficial effect of the present patent application is:
Can make shelf life extension 5-7 days of the Pleurotus nebrodensis after adopting, it is whiter that the mushroom body behind the irradiation is compared color and luster with the mushroom of irradiation not, moisture height, delicious flavour.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1: the weight-loss ratio of various dose radiation treatment Pleurotus nebrodensis changes.
Fig. 2: the weight-loss ratio of various dose radiation treatment Pleurotus nebrodensis changes.
Fig. 3: the catalase activity of various dose radiation treatment Pleurotus nebrodensis changes.
Fig. 4: the polyphenol oxidase activity of various dose radiation treatment Pleurotus nebrodensis changes.
Fig. 5: the variation of the mda content of various dose radiation treatment Pleurotus nebrodensis.
Wherein, ▲ expression contrast, ◆ expression 1kGy, represents 1.5kGy, ■ represents 3kGy, zero expression 4.5kGy.
Embodiment
The irradiation of embodiment 1 Pleurotus nebrodensis is fresh-keeping
With the Pleurotus nebrodensis of newly adopting the same day, check the irradiation center, preservative film and the good Pleurotus nebrodensis individual layer of pallet packing are placed in the can on the conveyer belt, mushroom is put in the middle of the can that irradiation uses, tiling one deck is not overlapping, be irradiation bomb on the high-velocity electrons accelerator of 10MeV by power successively, choose 1.0kGy, 2.0kGy, 3.0kGy, 4.0kGy as test treatment dosage, 90 mushrooms of each treatment dosage irradiation.Irradiation sample is not organized in contrast.Deposit in the Cool Room 4 after irradiation is finished and preserve, sampling in per three days is once tested.
The weight-loss ratio of Pleurotus nebrodensis is measured behind embodiment 2 irradiation
After irradiation was finished, each processing was got and is put into a chest that is specifically designed to mensuration weightlessness after six mushrooms divide three boxes to package, and it is gravimetry that these mushrooms are not used for doing physiological test, the weight-loss ratio computing formula:
Weight-loss ratio (%)=[(Wi-Ws)/Wi] * 100%
Wi: initial sample weight
Ws: each sampling claim example weight
After mushroom is gathered, therefore still in the component of carrying out respiration consumption self and destroyed the freshness of mushroom, cause edible mushroom gradually aging ruin, find that after deliberation the electron irradiation dosage of 3.0kGy makes the Pleurotus nebrodensis weight-loss ratio after adopting change less, moisture is also the highest, as shown in Figure 1.
The hardness of Pleurotus nebrodensis is measured behind embodiment 3 irradiation
After each test sampling, before carrying out the physiological parameter detection, at first the hardness of mushroom is measured, measured probe and be p/5 with the physical property measurement instrument.12 positions of picked at random are carried out hardness and are measured on each mushroom, each processing get six in mushroom amount to 72 of hardness numbers, get its mean value as the index of weighing Pleurotus nebrodensis hardness after the radiation treatment.Freshness low weight that its organizational structure destroys of pestering preferably objectively kept its higher hardness, and the mushroom hardness of framework after destroying reduces, and not only gives off a peculiar smell but also deliquescing, and its result as shown in Figure 2.The physiological parameter of Pleurotus nebrodensis is measured behind embodiment 4 irradiation
Preparation Pleurotus nebrodensis extract, its preparation method grinds material with 10 milliliters of buffer solutions (7.0) in mortar for to cut about 1g fructification on the cap of Pleurotus nebrodensis, then at 15000r/min, centrifugal 15min under the 4 degree conditions gets the mensuration that its supernatant carries out every physiological parameter.
4.1 catalase
The reagent that uses in the hydrogen peroxide enzymatic determination is as follows:
Reagent:
Tris-Hcl?buffer
A liquid: 0.6058Tris is dissolved into that the top holds graduation mark in the volumetric flask of 25ml.
B liquid: 45ml 0.1mol/L hydrochloric acid
Buffer：A+B
Reactant liquor is put into 25 degree water and is reacted frozen water cessation reaction after 30 minutes, adds the 200mmol/L H of 0.2ml then
2O
2Utilize nucleic acid-protein analysis-e/or determining response curve slope A, active computing formula is as follows;
ε is an extinction coefficient 1.55
V: extract total amount
A: measure the liquid extracted amount
A: absorbance
Catalase is in the plant normal growth process, and active oxygen constantly produces, and also constantly is eliminated simultaneously, maintains a reduced levels.The active oxygen that plant produces can quicken old and feeble, and catalase (CAT) antioxidase participates in removing the active oxygen that produces in the aging course.Plant cell CAT enzymatic activity in aging course descends, and the free radical decomposition that body is produced descends, thereby causes cell by free radical damage.Active oxygen is comprehensive injury on the multi-faceted different levels level to the injury of plant cell, is that plant brings out old and feeble main cause, impels the peroxidating of cell membrane lipid.Thereby through the mushroom of irradiation antioxidant reductase active higher in theory.Shown in the result of Fig. 3, after 19 days, the catalase activity of irradiated Pleurotus nebrodensis still is significantly higher than contrast.
4.2 polyphenol oxidase
The assay method of polyphenol oxidase is as follows:
Reagent:
0.05mmol/L phosphate buffer (7.0),
2% catechol: the 2g catechol is dissolved in the volumetric flask of the 100ml that buffer solution is housed until graduation mark.
The water that mixed reactant liquor is put into 28 ℃ reacted 30 minutes, used the frozen water cessation reaction then, the absorbance Δ A of assaying reaction liquid under the 410nm, and the computing formula of polyphenol oxidase:
V: extract total amount
T: reaction time
W: material fresh weight
A: measure the liquid extracted amount
Polyphenol oxidase is the reductase of a cupric, extensively is present in plant kingdom and relevant with the brown stain of fruits and vegetables.It can be oxidized to quinones with various aldehydes matters polyphenol oxidase, and then aggregate into melanin, cause brownization, polyphenol oxidase in the Pleurotus nebrodensis body after adopting is along with the prolongation activity of shelf time increases gradually, the brown stain of mushroom body is all the more serious, and the minimum brown stain of mushroom body enzymatic activity behind 3.0kGy irradiation is also the lightest, compares with contrast, foxiness is minimum on the mushroom body, and the result as shown in Figure 4.
4.3 mda content
The assay method of mda content is as follows:
Reagent:
5% trichloroacetic acid: the 5g trichloroacetic acid uses the distilled water constant volume to 100ml,
The graduation mark of TBA:0.5g sulfo-barbital constant volume to 100 milliliter volumetric flask in trichloroacetic acid of 0.5%.
Normal reaction should have rufous to produce.
With reactant liquor water-bath 45 minutes, ice bath 10 minutes was with cessation reaction then, got supernatant in centrifugal 10 minutes under the 10000r/min condition to measure absorbance respectively under 532nm and 600nm.It is as follows that mda content is measured formula:
MDA content (nmolg-1FW)=(OD532-OD600) * A * (V/a)/1.55 * 10-1 * FW
A reactant liquor total amount (4ml) in the formula
V extract total amount (10.0ml)
A measures and extracts liquid measure (1.0ml)
FW material fresh weight (g)
1.55 * 10-1 is micromole's extinction coefficient of MDA.
In the plant senescence process, metabolism constantly produces free radical, and the scavenge system vigor descends, and makes active oxygen metabolism unbalance, thereby causes the peroxidating of film fat, finally produces MDA.Mushroom MDA content behind the irradiation less from figure below we as can be seen behind 3.0kGy irradiation mda content obviously to lack than other dosage, the result is as shown in Figure 5.
Claims (10)
1. the post-harvest fresh-keeping method of a Pleurotus nebrodensis, it is that packaged mushroom is carried out irradiation by irradiation bomb.
2. the post-harvest fresh-keeping method of the described Pleurotus nebrodensis of claim 1, wherein irradiation bomb is the electron beam irradiation source.
3. the post-harvest fresh-keeping method of claim 1 or 2 Pleurotus nebrodensis, wherein irradiation bomb is that power is the electron-beam radiation source of the high-velocity electrons accelerator of 10MeV.
4. the post-harvest fresh-keeping method of the described Pleurotus nebrodensis of claim 1-3, wherein the dosage of irradiation is 0-10kGy.
5. the post-harvest fresh-keeping method of the described Pleurotus nebrodensis of claim 1-4, wherein the dosage of irradiation is 1-4.5kGy.
6. the post-harvest fresh-keeping method of the described Pleurotus nebrodensis of claim 1-5, wherein the dosage of irradiation is 1kGy.
7. the post-harvest fresh-keeping method of the described Pleurotus nebrodensis of claim 1-5, wherein the dosage of irradiation is 1.5kGy.
8. the post-harvest fresh-keeping method of the described Pleurotus nebrodensis of claim 1-5, wherein the dosage of irradiation is 3kGy.
9. the post-harvest fresh-keeping method of the described Pleurotus nebrodensis of claim 1-5, wherein the dosage of irradiation is 4.5kGy.
10. the post-harvest fresh-keeping method of the described Pleurotus nebrodensis of claim 1-9 is characterized in that irradiation is finished to deposit in the Cool Room 4 after 1 hour to preserve that freezer relative humidity is 75-85%.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102499070A (en) * | 2011-10-17 | 2012-06-20 | 福州市农业科学研究所 | Pleurotus geesteranus strain production method for increasing fruit body yield and total amino acid content with cobalt 60 radiation treatment |
| CN102524757A (en) * | 2012-02-13 | 2012-07-04 | 宁波超能科技股份有限公司 | CO2 packaged low-temperature low-dose irradiation refreshing method for edible mushrooms |
| CN103815004A (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2014-05-28 | 上海市农业科学院 | High-power electron beam irradiation storage preservation technology for blueberries |
| CN107156270A (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2017-09-15 | 四川大学 | A kind of irradiation preservation method of bitter bamboo shoot |
| CN113973905A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-01-28 | 四川大学 | Truffle electron beam irradiation process capable of retaining original aroma and product |
| CN114868797A (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2022-08-09 | 中金辐照武汉有限公司 | Method for delaying quality reduction of water chestnuts |
-
2009
- 2009-11-30 CN CN2009102240333A patent/CN102077860A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102499070A (en) * | 2011-10-17 | 2012-06-20 | 福州市农业科学研究所 | Pleurotus geesteranus strain production method for increasing fruit body yield and total amino acid content with cobalt 60 radiation treatment |
| CN102524757A (en) * | 2012-02-13 | 2012-07-04 | 宁波超能科技股份有限公司 | CO2 packaged low-temperature low-dose irradiation refreshing method for edible mushrooms |
| CN103815004A (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2014-05-28 | 上海市农业科学院 | High-power electron beam irradiation storage preservation technology for blueberries |
| CN107156270A (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2017-09-15 | 四川大学 | A kind of irradiation preservation method of bitter bamboo shoot |
| CN113973905A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-01-28 | 四川大学 | Truffle electron beam irradiation process capable of retaining original aroma and product |
| CN114868797A (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2022-08-09 | 中金辐照武汉有限公司 | Method for delaying quality reduction of water chestnuts |
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Application publication date: 20110601 |