CN102075950B - Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) cognitive radio communication method - Google Patents
Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) cognitive radio communication method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) cognitive radio communication method. A radio-frequency module outputs intermediate-frequency data which is used for spectrum detection to determine whether a spectrum is an idle spectrum or not, if so, optimum spectrum analysis and channel estimation are conducted to determine the characteristic of the spectrum, then optimum spectrum allocation is conducted to determine routing lines for information transmission, and when a master user requires to use the current frequency band, other routing lines are selected and used for data transmission; a cognitive module transmits a control signal to the radio-frequency module, wherein the control signal is used for setting the parameters of the secondary frequency variation of the radio-frequency module and setting the communication frequency band of a data transmission module; and each cognitive user has two transmitting and receiving antennas which are used for transmitting and receiving data, and signaling information is transmitted between the cognitive module and the data transmission module and is used for selecting transmission lines and proper transmission power. The method has the advantages that the spectrum utilization ratio is improved, the channel switching times are reduced, the data transmission quality is improved and the goal of stably transmitting cognitive data to the cognitive users is achieved.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of cognitive radio communication means, specifically a kind of MIMO-OFDM cognitive radio communication means.
Background technology
Along with the develop rapidly of wireless communication technology and communication service, wireless network is being faced with limited frequency spectrum resource and miscellaneous service to the ever-increasing contradiction of frequency spectrum resource demand.Cognitive radio, as a kind of wireless communication system of the intelligence wireless environment around can perception, by analysis to wireless environment, correspondingly changing some running parameter conforms in real time, thereby reach the purpose that improves the availability of frequency spectrum, alleviates the frequency spectrum resource anxiety, opened up new approach for effectively solving the contradiction that frequency spectrum resource is nervous and the availability of frequency spectrum is not high.The MIMO-OFDM technology is easy realization frequency spectrum resource control of relatively generally acknowledging at present and the transmission means of effectively utilizing frequency spectrum, and it is fast to have transmission rate, and the characteristic that antijamming capability is strong is multiplexing, the modulation and the transmission technology of cognitive radio first-selection.
Open report related to the present invention has: mainly set forth function, structure and the operation principle of each module in MIMO subsystem and the cognitive subsystem in 1, " a kind of cognitive radio communication systems based on the MIMO technology " (" naval electronic engineering " 2008 the 07th phases) literary composition, the cognitive radio system of technology such as elaboration employing MIMO will have adaptive spectrum and insert, adjusts automatically advantages such as data transmission rate and antijamming capability are strong.2, " Design of A MIMO-OFDM Baseband Transceiver forCognitive Radio System " (IEEE International Symposium on Circuitsand Systems, 2006) studied the MIMO-OFDM system has been combined with CR, principle according to spectrum allocation may, suitable Adjustment System parameter, the transmission performance of enhancing MIMO-OFDM system.3, set forth the problem of MIMO-OFDM system distributed radio resource management under the cognitive radio environment in " RRM of MIMO-OFDM system under the cognitive radio environment " (" electronic letters, vol " 6A phase in 2007) literary composition, utilize the analysis thought of game, improve the capacity of whole cognitive radio system.4, propose in (" electronics and information journal " the 7th phase in the 2008) literary composition of " sharing scheme based on the dynamic spectrum of SA-MIMO-OFDM in the cognitive radio " a kind ofly to combine the frequency spectrum self adaptation (Spectrum Adaptation is SA) with the shared scheme of the dynamic spectrum of MIMO-OFDM technology.This scheme realizes the adaptive spectrum moulding of unauthorized signal based on the power threshold model, and provided a kind of simple dynamic power allocation algorithm with the maximization bit rate, this scheme can overcome the local interference problem of interference temperature model, use the MIMO technology to can further improve systematic function, can reduce computational complexity and improve the availability of frequency spectrum by the dynamic power allocation algorithm.
Though it is enough in report about the cognitive radio Research of Communication Technology of MIMO-OFDM technology, but, on the one hand not only all do not set forth complete cognition wireless electrical communication technology, and all be to utilize the advantage of MIMO-OFDM technology to improve the performance of certain the part key technology in the cognitive radio based on the MIMO-OFDM technology; All be that frequency spectrum detection sends shared identical antenna with the cognitive user data on the other hand, can not reach fast detecting band utilization situation, the purpose of high efficiency of transmission cognitive user data.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide and a kind ofly can improve band efficiency and cognitive user message transmission rate, reduce the MIMO-OFDM cognitive radio communication means of cognitive user frequency spectrum switching times.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
Network 1-1 to be detected, wide band radio-frequency module down-conversion 1-2, the data of the radio-frequency module 1 output intermediate frequency that airspace filter module 1-3 and analog-to-digital conversion 1-4 form are used for frequency spectrum detection 2-1, determine whether to be idle frequency spectrum, if idle frequency spectrum, then carry out optimum spectrum analysis 2-2 and channel estimating 2-3, determine the characteristic of this frequency spectrum, carry out optimum spectrum allocation may 2-4 then, signal to emission will carry out power control 2-5 simultaneously, determine the route lines 2-6 of message transmission at last, set up routing table frequency spectrum data storehouse 2-8, when main user need use current frequency range, carry out frequency spectrum and switch 2-7, while is new routing information 2-6 more, readjusts routing table frequency spectrum data storehouse 2-8; The parameter that cognition module 2 emissioning controling signal after carrying out spectrum allocation may 2-4 and power control 2-5 is used to be provided with the frequency conversion second time of radio-frequency module for radio-frequency module 1, and the communication band of setting data transport module 3; When cognitive user has the demand of data service, data based spectrum analysis 2-2 of cognitive user that inserts and the result of channel estimating 2-3 determine the mapping 3-1 form of cognitive user data, through space-time block code 3-2, strengthen the anti-jamming capacity of transfer of data, after finishing IFFT 3-3 conversion under the effect of power control 2-5, by adding Cyclic Prefix 3-4, pass through the data of self-contained transmitting antenna 3-5 of cognitive user and 3-6 emission cognitive user after the processing of do removal interchannel interference, determine the transmission path of cognitive user data in the transmission course by routing table frequency spectrum data storehouse 2-8, the receiving terminal cognitive user receives cognitive data by reception antenna 3-7 and 3-8, after past Cyclic Prefix (CP) 3-9 and FFT conversion 3-10 processing, the decoding 3-11 that divides into groups when carrying out sky, penetrate to receive by reflection at last and receive data after data 3-12 handles, the transmission between the realization cognitive user data.
1, described optimum spectrum analysis is the frequency spectrum analysis method that adopts based on threshold value, by comparing the threshold value of using when spectrum amplitude and communication service are set up, frequency spectrum by perception is carried out classification, set up the frequency spectrum data storehouse at last, be used for cognitive user application communication; At first detect amplitude maximum in each channel by frequency spectrum perception, set two threshold values simultaneously, if range value is less than minimum threshold value, this channel is the optimum channel environment so, and then this channel carried out channel estimating and channel capacity analysis, determine the characteristic of its channel, indicate that at last this channel is the override channel, and will put into the memory cell of spectrum management the analysis result of channel; If the amplitude peak of channel is greater than minimum thresholding, but less than the highest thresholding, this channel is time good channel circumstance that is used to communicate by letter so, and then its characteristics of signals is analyzed, and the label of analysis result and channel is deposited in the memory of spectrum management unit; If the amplitude peak of channel is higher than the highest thresholding, this channel is not suitable for communication so, does not carry out the estimation of channel characteristic estimation and channel capacity; At last the characterisitic parameter of channel circumstance and channel is done comprehensive comparison, for cognitive user finds optimal communication channel.
2, the spectrum allocation may of described optimum is the improved optimum spectrum allocation may algorithm that adopts based on CSGC, promptly on the basis of the painted spectrum allocation may algorithm of graph theory, introduce the notion of connected component and maximal independent set, once finish the spectrum allocation may of a plurality of fixed points in the maximal independent set, based on graph theory is painted final spectrum allocation may is finished on each summit in the maximal independent set then.
3, to switch be to provide cognitive user to switch employed frequency spectrum resource by the module of reallocating resources for described frequency spectrum, determines to use which part resource in the module of reallocating resources to finish communication according to the anticipation module of switching and can guarantee minimum frequency spectrum switching times; Use then based on the fuzzy controller of genetic algorithm optimization and judge whether cognitive user will carry out frequency spectrum and switch, enter switching executing module at last, carry out the handover information that sends signaling information notice cognitive user receiving terminal channel when frequency spectrum switches, finally on the basis of minimum frequency spectrum switching times, finish the communication between the cognitive user.
The present invention proposes the communication process of complete cognitive radio communication systems, propose simultaneously, the interior frequency band operating position of a certain band limits of monitoring of using special antenna to be used to continue, many antennas that the opposing party uses cognitive user to carry are used for the transmission of data, the final frequency spectrum of realizing finding timely the free time, improve the utilance of frequency spectrum, reduced the number of times that channel switches, improved the transmission quality of data; Reach the purpose of the stable transfer of the cognitive data of cognitive user.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is Novel MIM O-OFDM cognitive radio communication means realization flow figure;
Fig. 2 is each module relation diagram of cognition wireless electrical communication technology.
Embodiment
In conjunction with Fig. 1, Novel MIM O-OFDM cognitive radio communication means of the present invention.Network 1-1 to be detected, wide band radio-frequency module down-conversion 1-2, the data of the radio-frequency module 1 output intermediate frequency that airspace filter module 1-3 and analog-to-digital conversion 1-4 form are used for frequency spectrum detection 2-1, determine whether to be idle frequency spectrum, if idle frequency spectrum, then carry out optimum spectrum analysis 2-2 and channel estimating 2-3, determine the characteristic of this frequency spectrum, carry out spectrum allocation may 2-4 then based on improved CSGC, to carry out the control 2-5 of power simultaneously to the cognitive data of emission, determine the route lines 2-6 of message transmission at last, when main user need use current frequency range, carry out frequency spectrum and switch 2-7, while is new routing information 2-6 more, set up routing table frequency spectrum data storehouse 2-8, select other route lines to be used for the transfer of data of cognitive user.The cognition module 2 of having formed system by 2-1 to 2-8; Simultaneously cognition module 2 emissioning controling signals are given radio-frequency module 1, are used to be provided with the parameter of the frequency conversion second time of radio-frequency module, so that the communication band of setting data transport module 3.Each cognitive user all carries two and transmits and receives antenna 3-5,3-6,3-7,3-8 is used for the transmission and the reception of data, behind the frequency band that configures communication, cognitive data are admitted to data transmission module 3, at first cognitive data are at first shone upon cognitive data 3-1, data after the mapping are carried out space-time block code 3-2, pass through the IFFT3-3 conversion and add Cyclic Prefix 3-4 the antenna 3-5 through carrying after handling, 3-6 launches, simultaneously cognition module 2 also want and data transmission module 3 between command transmitting information be used to select circuit that transmits and the emitted power that is fit to.
Radio-frequency module is made up of broad-band antenna, radio-frequency filter, low noise amplifier, channel selector, airspace filter device, frequency synthesizer, automatic gain control, notch filter, A/D converter.Broad-band antenna inserts the frequency spectrum data of frequency range to be detected, through becoming digital signal after the A/D conversion, is used for the frequency spectrum detection of cognition module after a series of processing such as dynamic range of process filtering, reduction signal.Condition is asked in the use that the radio-frequency module that different with radio-frequency module in the past is in this technology uses independent antenna to be used to monitor current frequency spectrum, therefore can find the existence of idle frequency spectrum timely.
Cognition module is made up of frequency spectrum detection, spectrum analysis, channel estimating, spectrum allocation may, power control, route technology, frequency spectrum switching.Export band information via radio-frequency module and be used for frequency spectrum detection, determine whether frequency spectrum exists the free time, if there is not idle frequency spectrum, then continue the frequency spectrum data that the access band antenna inserts, if there is idle frequency spectrum, then the frequency spectrum to the free time carries out optimum spectrum analysis, determine the capacity of channel, characteristics such as modulation system, the power when being used for determining cognitive user emission data and the spectrum allocation may of cognitive user, to determine the routed path of communicating by letter between the cognitive user afterwards, realize data transmission efficiency efficiently.Will consider also in cognition module that at last when main user need take its mandate frequency range, cognitive user need be carried out the frequency spectrum switching, as the case may be, the handoff algorithms of the optimum of determining is realized the complete transmission of cognitive user.Two control commands of the last formation of cognition module are controlled the frequency conversion second time of radio-frequency module on the one hand, and the communication band of specified data transport module forms the signaling that the control data transmission module is transmitted on the other hand.
Data transmission module.Behind the determining of the size of the mode of the data communication frequency range of cognitive user, spectrum allocation may, transmitting power, routed path, cognitive user use self with antenna realize transfer of data based on the MIMO-OFDM technology.At first data are modulated the adjustment modulation system of mapping according to the variation intelligence of the requirement of user data transmission speed and channel circumstance, reach optimum effect to make full use of resource; Carry out space-time block code then, improve the utilance of frequency spectrum fully; Next carries out the modulation of OFDM, it also is a kind of mode of cognitive user data adaptive transfer of data, use this technology to realize cutting out of frequency spectrum, reach the high efficiency purpose of utilizing frequency spectrum, simultaneously by adding Cyclic Prefix, reduce the interference between the subcarrier, improve the interference free performance of transfer of data.At last, the cognitive user data are launched by two antennas.Not considering that under the prerequisite that intermediate relay is transmitted, receiving terminal uses the mode opposite with transmitting terminal, realize the reception of data, finish the communication between the cognitive user.
In conjunction with Fig. 1.With the frequency spectrum idle-detection in one section frequency range is example, this section of wide band radio-frequency antenna detection frequency spectrum, reduce the dynamic scope that inserts signal by the airspace filter technology, the strong signal of filtering, whether after will inserting signal and carrying out A/D conversion, send into frequency spectrum detector, being used to detect this frequency range is idle frequency spectrum, if then this frequency range is carried out the parameter that channel capacity and channel are determined in spectrum analysis, carry out spectrum allocation may during for cognitive user transmission data and lay the foundation.Next carry out the control of spectrum allocation may and power and determine the frequency band of cognitive user emission and the transmitting power of signal, and according to the state of existing detection idle frequency band, determine the circuit of cognitive user data communication, it is the setting of cognitive user routing to communicate, also will consider a kind of situation this moment, when main user is to use the mandate frequency range, cognitive user will be carried out the frequency range that frequency spectrum switches to other and proceed communication, by cognition module to detecting the processing of idle frequency spectrum, can obtain the communication band that the cognitive user data send, power control when obtaining cognitive user emission data, the circuit of communication, the path of transition of communications, control is based on the data transmission state of the data transmission module of MIMO-OFDM technology, each parameter setting well after, cognitive user realizes transmission data based on the MIMO-OFDM technology by the self-contained antenna that transmits and receives, the data that will launch earlier in the realization transmission course are carried out mapping code, so that improve the transmission reliability of data, carry out space-time block code then, improve the antijamming capability of transmission, subsequently based on the adaptive transmission data of OFDM technology, frequency band is carried out cutting, use the subcarrier of cognitive user free time, launch the data of cognitive user at last by 2 antennas based on power control techniques, the centre will experience a lot of routed paths, and the forwarding of relaying, at last at receiving terminal, according to the agreement of the communication of being set up between the cognitive user and the data of routing procedure recovery cognitive user, finish whole communication process.
Realize control relation between whole each module of cognition wireless electrical communication technology in conjunction with Fig. 2, finished the communication between cognitive user 1 and the cognitive user 2.It is radio-frequency module, cognition module, data transmission module that whole cognition wireless electrical communication technology is made up of three parts.The process that realizes is as follows:
1, obtain intermediate-freuqncy signal from the frequency spectrum data of monitoring antenna through the wideband filtered and the down-converted of radio-frequency module, signal enters ADC and finishes the A/D conversion, by IF interface input cognition module, obtains the result of cognitive analysis and management;
2, when cognitive service communication demand, data transmission module is submitted professional application to the cognitive function module.In application, indicate demand informations such as professional needed modulation system, transmitting power, bandwidth threshold, noise gate simultaneously.In the cognitive function module, according to the analysis result of application information and frequency spectrum, select suitable frequency spectrum cavity-pocket, and assignment information (as bandwidth, background noise levels etc.) is sent to data transmission module make it set up communication.Therefore will utilize the frequency spectrum data of present grasp, the negotiation that communicating pair carries out channel is sought frequency spectrum cavity-pocket, communication channel and work such as is determined.Cognition module is provided with the down-conversion second time of radio-frequency module simultaneously, and the user is provided with the communication band of cognitive user;
3, the signaling protocol that provides according to cognition module and radio-frequency module of cognitive user uses self-contained antenna to communicate;
4, because cognitive communications is the unauthorized communication of seizing every opportunity, so setting up the data of back broadband rf front end, communication inserts the monitoring communication band that antenna will continue, prevent that cognitive communications is disturbed or disturb the communication of authorized user.In this process, the center frequency point of radio-frequency module is no longer moved, and the cognitive function module is carried out moment tracking and monitoring to the cognitive professional frequency that uses.Cause this frequency band down state in case authorized user or other interference occur, stop communication at once, and change switch step over to; Otherwise, normally finish communication, reenter cognition module, wait for that new communication request is existing.Switch step is for cognitive radio system protection authorized user or prevents that cognitive communications is disturbed.When entering this stage, the cognitive function module stops the data transmission of data transmission module and changes the operating state of radio frequency, preserves current communications status, scan and select suitable cavity, carry out the switching of frequency spectrum, set up new routing iinformation tabulation, rebulid communication.
This system configuration and the different place of in the past cognitive radio communication systems are by main CU situation in the independent antenna detection network a certain section, set up cognitive database, the reception of each cognitive user and transmitting terminal all have 2 antennas to be used for the transmission and the reception of cognitive user data service, the MIMO technology has improved the capacity of transfer of data, reduced the number of times that cognitive user is switched on frequency range, OFDM has improved the antijamming capability of transfer of data, improve the utilance of frequency band, can effectively reduce the transmission quality that has improved data under the situation of cognitive user transmitting power, finally realize the adaptive data transmission procedure of cognitive user.
Claims (4)
1. MIMO-OFDM cognitive radio communication means, it is characterized in that: by the cognitive communications system that radio-frequency module, cognition module and data transmission module are formed, the self-contained antenna of use cognitive user is finished the data transmission procedure between the cognitive user;
Network to be detected (1-1), wide band radio-frequency module down-conversion (1-2), the data of the radio-frequency module 1 output intermediate frequency that airspace filter module (1-3) and analog-to-digital conversion (1-4) are formed are used for frequency spectrum detection (2-1), determine whether to be idle frequency spectrum, if idle frequency spectrum, then carry out optimum spectrum analysis (2-2) and channel estimating (2-3), determine the characteristic of this frequency spectrum, carry out optimum spectrum allocation may (2-4) then, signal to emission will carry out power control (2-5) simultaneously, determine the route lines (2-6) of message transmission at last, set up routing table frequency spectrum data storehouse (2-8), when main user need use current frequency range, carry out frequency spectrum and switch (2-7), while is new routing information (2-6) more, readjusts routing table frequency spectrum data storehouse (2-8); Cognition module (2) is being carried out the parameter that spectrum allocation may (2-4) and power control (2-5) back emissioning controling signal is used to be provided with the frequency conversion second time of radio-frequency module for radio-frequency module 1, and the communication band of setting data transport module 3; When cognitive user has the demand of data service, the data based spectrum analysis of cognitive user (2-2) that inserts and the result of channel estimating (2-3) determine mapping (3-1) form of cognitive user data, through space-time block code (3-2), strengthen the anti-jamming capacity of transfer of data, after finishing IFFT (3-3) conversion under the effect of power control (2-5), by adding Cyclic Prefix (3-4), launch the data of cognitive user after the processing of do removal interchannel interference by the self-contained transmitting antenna (3-5 and 3-6) of cognitive user, determine the transmission path of cognitive user data in the transmission course by routing table frequency spectrum data storehouse (2-8), the receiving terminal cognitive user receives cognitive data by reception antenna (3-7 and 3-8), after past Cyclic Prefix (3-9) and FFT conversion (3-10) processing, the decoding of dividing into groups when carrying out sky (3-11), penetrate to receive by reflection at last and receive data after data (3-12) are handled, the transmission between the realization cognitive user data.
2. MIMO-OFDM cognitive radio communication means according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described optimum spectrum analysis is the frequency spectrum analysis method that adopts based on threshold value, by comparing the threshold value of using when spectrum amplitude and communication service are set up, frequency spectrum by perception is carried out classification, set up the frequency spectrum data storehouse at last, be used for cognitive user application communication; At first detect amplitude maximum in each channel by frequency spectrum perception, set two threshold values simultaneously, if range value is less than minimum threshold value, this channel is the optimum channel environment so, and then this channel carried out channel estimating and channel capacity analysis, determine the characteristic of its channel, indicate that at last this channel is the override channel, and will put into the memory cell of spectrum management the analysis result of channel; If the amplitude peak of channel is greater than minimum thresholding, but less than the highest thresholding, this channel is time good channel circumstance that is used to communicate by letter so, and then its characteristics of signals is analyzed, and the label of analysis result and channel is deposited in the memory of spectrum management unit; If the amplitude peak of channel is higher than the highest thresholding, this channel is not suitable for communication so, does not carry out the estimation of channel characteristic estimation and channel capacity; At last the characterisitic parameter of channel circumstance and channel is done comprehensive comparison, for cognitive user finds optimal communication channel.
3. MIMO-OFDM cognitive radio communication means according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the spectrum allocation may of described optimum is the improved optimum spectrum allocation may algorithm that adopts based on CSGC, promptly on the basis of the painted spectrum allocation may algorithm of graph theory, introduce the notion of connected component and maximal independent set, once finish the spectrum allocation may of a plurality of fixed points in the maximal independent set, based on graph theory is painted final spectrum allocation may is finished on each summit in the maximal independent set then.
4. MIMO-OFDM cognitive radio communication means according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: it is to provide cognitive user to switch employed frequency spectrum resource by the module of reallocating resources that described frequency spectrum switches, and determines to use which part resource in the module of reallocating resources to finish communication according to the anticipation module of switching and can guarantee minimum frequency spectrum switching times; Use then based on the fuzzy controller of genetic algorithm optimization and judge whether cognitive user will carry out frequency spectrum and switch, enter switching executing module at last, carry out the handover information that sends signaling information notice cognitive user receiving terminal channel when frequency spectrum switches, finally on the basis of minimum frequency spectrum switching times, finish the communication between the cognitive user.
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| CN103458416B (en) * | 2012-05-28 | 2019-02-19 | 索尼公司 | Cognitive radio system and its resource allocation apparatus and method |
| CN102724676B (en) * | 2012-06-18 | 2015-03-04 | 浙江工业大学 | Optimized transmission control method for cognitive radio system on basis of average output throughput |
| CN103596184B (en) * | 2012-08-13 | 2016-12-21 | 电信科学技术研究院 | The frequency spectrum sensing method of a kind of cognitive radio system and equipment |
| US11050468B2 (en) * | 2014-04-16 | 2021-06-29 | Rearden, Llc | Systems and methods for mitigating interference within actively used spectrum |
| CN103442363B (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2016-02-10 | 北京邮电大学 | Use the minimized frequency spectrum aggregation method of cognitive TD-LTE intermediate frequency spectrum switching times of TVWS |
| CN103916631A (en) * | 2014-03-14 | 2014-07-09 | 上海交通大学 | Mobile video monitoring system based on cognitive radio and method thereof |
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| CN103825636B (en) * | 2014-03-21 | 2018-11-16 | 台州职业技术学院 | Wireless device and communication means based on MIMO-OFDM, cooperation, cognition |
| CN104219190B (en) * | 2014-09-04 | 2017-10-03 | 西安电子科技大学 | The subchannel and power distribution method of a kind of cognitive ofdm system |
| CN104717662B (en) * | 2015-03-16 | 2019-02-19 | 哈尔滨工业大学深圳研究生院 | A kind of cooperative relay transmission technique of joint space-time frequency spectrum share |
| CN104994508A (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2015-10-21 | 南京航空航天大学 | Cognitive radio mesh network resource distribution and routing method |
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