CN102007814A - Heater for fluids - Google Patents
Heater for fluids Download PDFInfo
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- CN102007814A CN102007814A CN2008801216523A CN200880121652A CN102007814A CN 102007814 A CN102007814 A CN 102007814A CN 2008801216523 A CN2008801216523 A CN 2008801216523A CN 200880121652 A CN200880121652 A CN 200880121652A CN 102007814 A CN102007814 A CN 102007814A
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- heater
- heating element
- heating
- fuel
- monolithic
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 74
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 abstract description 14
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
- F02M25/08—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding fuel vapours drawn from engine fuel reservoir
- F02M25/0854—Details of the absorption canister
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
- F02M25/08—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding fuel vapours drawn from engine fuel reservoir
- F02M2025/0863—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding fuel vapours drawn from engine fuel reservoir with means dealing with condensed fuel or water, e.g. having a liquid trap
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
- F02M25/08—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding fuel vapours drawn from engine fuel reservoir
- F02M2025/0881—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding fuel vapours drawn from engine fuel reservoir with means to heat or cool the canister
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Supplying Secondary Fuel Or The Like To Fuel, Air Or Fuel-Air Mixtures (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
- Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
To improve environmental protection from hydrocarbon emissions particularly from vehicles a heater (1) for fluids comprising heating elements (2, 2') of an electrically conductive monolith, wherein the heater (1) comprises a passageway for the fluid to be heated with a defined flow direction of the fluid during heating operation, the heater (1) comprising at least two heating elements (2, 21) arranged side by side inside the passageway, so that they are arranged in parallel with respect to the fluid flow, is proposed improved in that one of the at least two heating elements is a controlled heating element (21), which has a slightly larger heating power, and a temperature sensor (19) is provided at or close to the downstream end (23) of the controlled heating element (2'), and wherein the temperature sensor (19) is connected to a control means (11) for temperature control during heating operation of the heater (1); and a method of operating such a heater (1).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of heater that is used for fluid, a kind of fuel vapour storage that comprises a kind of like this heater and reclaimer, and the method for a kind of like this heater of operation, this heater comprises and conducts electricity the heating element of monolithic, wherein, heater comprises the path that is used to wait to be heated fluid, this fluid has the fluid flow direction of qualification during heating operation, heater is included at least two heating elements that are arranged side by side in the path, thereby they are arranged abreast with respect to fluid is mobile.
Background technology
The heater of this kind is learnt from US 2007/0056954A1.Specifically, wherein with regard to being intended to reduce the purge heater (purge heater) that is used for fuel vapour storage and reclaimer that distributes from the vapo(u)rability of motor vehicles, a kind of like this application of heater has been described.Disclosed purge heater can comprise an a plurality of electric heating element, and these heating elements are connected on the power supply, on the battery that for example is connected to automobile.Purge heater can for example comprise that conductivity ceramics is as heating element.
Selectively, purge heater can comprise conductive carbon, is preferably the porous monolithic carbon.Such porous monolithic carbon for example is disclosed among the US 2007/0056954A1.These monolithic carbon heating elements have channel design, and this channel design allows air to flow through heating element, and thereby allow directly arrive the hot transmission of enhancing of the scavenging air (purge air) that sucks from atmosphere.
The important use of such heater is fuel vapour storage and reclaimer, distributes from the vapo(u)rability of motor vehicles so that reduce.The fuel vapour storage and the reclaimer that comprise the fuel vapour storage tank were exactly known before for many years in the art.The Fuel Petroleum highly volatile that in multiple internal combustion engine, uses.The occurrence cause that distributes from the vapo(u)rability of the fuel vapour of the vehicle with internal combustion engine mainly is the ventilation (venting) of vehicle fuel tank.When vehicle parking, the variation of temperature or pressure makes the air that is loaded with hydrocarbon (hydrocarbons) overflow from fuel tank.Part in the fuel is evaporated in the air in fuel tank inevitably, and thereby presents the form of steam.If the air that distributes from fuel tank flows to the atmosphere with being allowed to not dispose, then will take away this fuel vapour inevitably thereupon.About distributing how many fuel vapours, exist some government regulations from the fuel system of vehicle.
Usually, in order to prevent to enter the fuel vapour loss in the atmosphere, the fuel tank of automobile is ventilated in jar by conduit, and this jar comprises suitable fuel absorbing material, as activated carbon.The high surface area active carbon granule is widely used, and absorbs fuel vapour provisionally.
When vehicle parking is than long duration and when vehicle just at refuelling and the air that is loaded with steam when fuel tank is discharged (refuelling distributes), comprise that the fuel vapour storage of fuel vapour storage tank (so-called canister) and recovery system must tackle fuel vapour and distribute.
Be used for the fuel recovery system of European market, it is not major issue usually that refuelling distributes, and does not discharge by canister because these refuellings distribute generally.Yet, being used for the storage of integrated form fuel vapour and the recovery system of North America market, these refuellings distribute also and discharge by canister.
Because the natural quality of the absorbent in canister is clear that very canister has limited fill volume.Generally it is desirable for and make canister have very high carbon working capacity, yet, also it is desirable for for purpose of design and make canister have smaller volume.In order to guarantee that typically canister has enough carbon working capacitys all the time under the operation of internal combustion engine, certain negative pressure is discharged the inside that port is applied to jar from the suction system of engine by the fuel vapour of canister.By means of this, allow surrounding air enter the jar, to pick up captive fuel vapour and it is discharged the induction mnifold that port is carried to the engine suction system by fuel vapour from the surrounding air entry port.During this jar of cleaning model, the fuel vapour of being stored in the canister burns in internal combustion engine.
Although storage of current fuel vapour and recovery system are very effective, but still exist the remnants that are directed to the hydrocarbon in the atmosphere and distribute.These so-called " spill and distribute " (breathing loss round the clock, Diurnal Breathing Loss DBL) are driven by diffusion, particularly when existing high hydrocarbon concentration gradient between the atmosphere breather port of canister and absorbent.In the time might reducing the hydrocarbon concentration gradient, spill and distribute and to be significantly reduced.Fully aware of is that this can realize by the working capacity that increases canister.
Yet, be noted that also the hydrocarbon that only is stored in the certain percentage in the canister can be cleaned effectively or discharge during cleaning model.The automobile that this is restricted for scavenging period may be a problem, and for example in electronic hybrid vehicle, wherein the operator scheme of internal combustion engine is shorter relatively.
(flexi fuel) produces another problem about so-called flexible fuel, and this flexible fuel comprises the ethanol of significant quantity.Ethanol is high-volatile fuel, and it has than higher vapour pressure.For example, so-called E10 fuel (10% ethanol) is current has the highest steam generation on market.This means that canister is high from the fuel vapour that fuel tank sucks.On the other hand, during the normal wash pattern of conventional canister, have only the suction fuel vapour of certain percentage to discharge.As a result of, the fuel vapour capacity of common canister exhausts than very fast.Thereby the canister of Zhuan Zaiing spills to distribute and increases to the degree that surmounts the emission value that is provided by law usually fully.
Remove speed for the cleaning that improves during cleaning model, proposed several steam storages and retracting device, these steam storages and retracting device use so-called purge heater.By means of the surrounding air that is directed in the jar by the surrounding air entry port is heated, improve the efficient of removing of the hydrocarbon of in the micropore of absorbent, catching significantly.
For example, US 6,230, and 693B1 discloses a kind of evaporation emission control system, and this evaporation emission control system is by providing auxiliary tank to reduce the amount of the fuel vapour that distributes from vehicle, and this auxiliary tank is operated with the storage tank of evaporation emission control system.Storage tank comprises first sorbing material, and has the breather port that is communicated with it.Auxiliary tank comprises outer cover, first and second passages, heater and connector.In outer cover, second sorbing material contacts fully with heater.During the regeneration stage of the operation of control system, heater can be used to the scavenging air that heats second sorbing material and pass through.This makes second and first sorbing material can more easily be released in the fuel vapour of their absorption during the former memory phase of operation, thereby they can be by after-flame during internal combustion.
In addition, according to US 6,230, the storage tank of 693 evaporation emission control system comprises two fuel vapour chambers side by side that connected by flow channel.Specifically, in fact Guan separation means flow restriction.Because it is very low to flow through the driving pressure of jar, be that an important design is considered so flow restriction is remained to minimum.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of heater that is used for fluid, with a kind of fuel vapour storage and reclaimer, this heater comprises and conducts electricity the heating element of monolithic, wherein, heater comprises the path that is used to wait to be heated fluid, this fluid has the fluid flow direction of qualification during heating operation, heater is included at least two heating elements that are arranged side by side in the path, thereby they are arranged abreast with respect to fluid is mobile, this heater is simple at design aspect, compact and reliable, and allow easy and effective controlled operation, this fuel vapour storage and reclaimer have improved fuel recovery efficient.Another purpose provides a kind of method that is used for operating a kind of like this heater, and this method allows easy and effective controlled operation.
These and other objects are realized by the heater that is used for fluid, this heater comprises and conducts electricity the heating element of monolithic, wherein, heater comprises the path that is used to wait to be heated fluid, this fluid has the fluid flow direction of qualification during heating operation, heater is included at least two heating elements that are arranged side by side in the path, thereby they are arranged abreast with respect to fluid is mobile, it is characterized in that, one at least two heating elements is the controlled heat element, this controlled heat element has big slightly heating power, and near the downstream end place of controlled heat element or its, temperature sensor is set, and wherein, temperature sensor is connected on the control device, is used for temperature control during the heating operation of heater.
Arrangement according to the invention not only guarantees a kind of like this improvement of safety of heater but also guarantee its efficiency improvement.Layout with temperature sensor of heating element (it has big slightly heating power) has guaranteed that heater is effectively controlled for maximum temperature, thereby prevent the overheated of heater, prevent on the one hand the danger of catching fire, allow the temperature of control on the other hand, thereby improve the efficient of heater near maximum temperature.At the downstream end place of heating element or near the temperature sensor that is provided with it influence of change of fluid flow is minimized, that is, significantly reduce the adverse effect of changes in flow rate for the heating properties of heater.
Have advantage of the present invention described above, comprise storage of a kind of fuel vapour and reclaimer according to heater of the present invention, for the automobile of the cycling with engine (for example gasoline combination drive), be effective especially.Driving for such kind is typically, when switching to electric driving, and engine shutdown, the mobile quick variation that presents from high to low of scavenging air of passing fuel vapour storage and reclaimer.For the conventional design heater, this quick variation that scavenging air flows causes high overheated danger to fuel vapour storage and reclaimer, this causes significant fire hazard, and perhaps heater need control to the temperature far below critical temperature, thereby bad recyclability is provided.Yet for this purposes, because the petrolic operating time reduces, recyclability is crucial.
Useful especially, a fail-safe embodiment of the present invention is characterised in that at least two heating elements are electrically connected with being one another in series, and the controlled heat element has the resistance bigger than other heating element.
Can select embodiment to be characterised in that for one, at least two of heating element are electrically connected with being connected in parallel to each other, and the controlled heat element has the resistance littler than other heating element.
Other useful embodiment of the present invention is characterised in that, heater comprises the heating element more than two, and heating element together in groups, wherein, one group heating element is electrically connected with being one another in series, and each group of heating element is electrically connected each other in parallel, wherein, the group that comprises the controlled heat element has the resistance littler than other group of heating element, and the controlled heat element has the resistance bigger than other heating element of same group, perhaps it is characterized in that, heater comprises the heating element more than two, and heating element together in groups, and wherein, one group heating element is electrically connected with being connected in parallel to each other, and each group of heating element in series is electrically connected each other, wherein, comprise that the group of controlled heat element has the resistance bigger than other group of heating element, and the controlled heat element has the resistance littler than other heating element of same group.
A preferred embodiment according to heater of the present invention is characterised in that, heating element comprises the conductive carbon monolithic, this conductive carbon monolithic is the porous carbon monolithic, this porous carbon monolithic has honeycomb, when the porous carbon monolithic has the passage of channel size between 100 μ m and 2000 μ m, more particularly, when the porous carbon monolithic and path in the perpendicular cross section of flow path in have between 30% and 60% open area (open area) time, this honeycomb especially allows the major part of fluid stream by the described monolithic in path.
If heating element is arranged to all-in resistance and is no more than 2.5 ohm, be preferably and be no more than 1 ohm, more preferably about 0.8 ohm, then can obtain in having the typical automotive environment of conventional 12V DC power supply special superperformance according to heater of the present invention.
When temperature sensor is thermistor, connect at temperature sensor under the situation of short circuit, especially can prevent the danger of catching fire according to heater of the present invention.
Above and other purpose by a kind of fuel vapour storage that comprises above-mentioned heater and reclaimer and by be used in the vehicle environmental above-mentioned heater of operation or fuel vapour storage and reclaimer method and realize, this method comprises the steps: to obtain the refuelling signal, and the oil tank of vehicle that this refuelling signal indication is communicated with the heater fluid is by refuelling; With after refuelling from engine start, to heating installation power supply be not more than 45 minutes/24 hours, be preferably about 30 minutes/24 hours, respond temperature signal simultaneously from temperature sensor, control to the electric power of heater.
In a preferred embodiment of the method according to this invention, described method also comprises the steps: to obtain fuel level signal from fuel quantity ga(u)ge; If drop to predetermined reading with fuel level signal indication fuel level, then stop to heating installation power supply, wherein, predetermined reading is 1/3 of a fuel tank capacity, is preferably 1/4 of fuel tank capacity.Under low like this fuel level, the fuel vapour of generation can not cause enlarging markedly of pressure in the case.Correspondingly, the steam load of fuel vapour storage and reclaimer is lower, and under any ambient temperature, not by means of heating, organic efficiency is just enough.And, when fuel tank by refuelling, and fuel vapour is when flowing through canister with high flow capacity in the integrated form system because the exothermic effect between adsorption cycle adopts the cold carbon bed in jar, the efficient that reduces to distribute of canister is far better.
If ambient temperature below predetermined value, is preferably below-7 ℃, more preferably below-10 ℃, then also can be by all stopping to realize energy-efficient under the operating condition to heating installation power supply.Under low like this temperature, the fuel vapour that produces in fuel tank is fewer, even and fuel vapour storage and reclaimer also will be enough effective under situation about not heating.
Can make energy loss minimum, and thereby can save electric power when the electric power that supplies to heater carried out pulse width modulation when the control of the electric power that supplies to heater comprises by heat abstractor.
In a particularly preferred embodiment, described method is further comprising the steps of: carry out at least one test circulation; And, if satisfy one or more in the following condition, then stop, and fault-signal is sent to onboard diagnostic system: in temperature sensor circuit, detect fault to heating installation power supply; The fail self-test of heater control; The increase that detects the resistance of monolithic heater element arrangement surmounts predetermined value; And supply voltage perhaps drops to below the predetermined minimum value above predetermined maximum.More preferably, the fault that detects in temperature sensor circuit comprises following one: the open circuit of thermistor circuit; The short circuit of thermistor circuit; And undesirable heat sensitive resistor contact.Consider that inappropriate operation (particularly not controlled heat) may cause the fact of fire hazard, this embodiment can guarantee improved fail-safety operation.
The detection that the resistance of monolithic heater element arrangement increases is the indication that one of each heating element lost efficacy or disengaging connects.This anticipates that still heater and fuel vapour storage and reclaimer (having used the words of above-mentioned heater as this equipment of state) are about to the indication of operation failure.Adopt this embodiment of the method according to this invention, can satisfy the legal requiremnt of the On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) of distributing control appliance.
The temperature that is controlled so as at the temperature sensor place when the electric energy to heater is about 132 ℃ to about 145 ℃, when being preferably to about 140 ℃, obtains best recyclability and safety operation.
Description of drawings
By the mode of non-limiting example the present invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram according to heater of the present invention, comprising the cabling scenario of a simplification;
Fig. 2 represents the amplification view of two adjacent heater element end segments;
Fig. 3 is illustrated in the cutaway view in the plane of indicating among Fig. 2; And
Fig. 4 represents to pass the cutaway view of canister, and this canister comprises according to heater of the present invention.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 schematically describes to be used for according to an embodiment of the invention the heater of fluid, and this heater generally refers to numeral 1.Heater 1 comprises and conducts electricity the heating element 2 of monolithic.Can be according to heater 1 of the present invention well for using in storage of the fuel vapour shown in Fig. 4 and reclaimer 3.A kind of like this fuel vapour storage and reclaimer 3 are called canister usually, and typically are used as the part of the emission control system of the motor vehicles with engine of using gasoline.This diagram is schematically, and each element does not draw in proportion.
Cleaning port 6 on the internal combustion engine (also not shown) that fuel vapour storage and reclaimer or canister 3 comprise the steam entry port 4 that is connected on the fuel tank (not shown) and the breather port 5 that is communicated with atmosphere and be connected to motor vehicles.The canister 3 usefulness absorbent of activated carbon form are in pelletized form filled.
Between the down period of the engine of motor vehicles, canister 3 is connected on the fuel tank of motor vehicles through steam entry port 4, and is connected with atmosphere through breather port 5.In the engine operation cycle period of automobile, will and clean between the port 6 and set up flow path in breather port 5.Internal combustion engine cleans the port 6 being drawn into by canister 3 through breather port 5 from atmosphere in the air in certain amount of the combustion chamber of internal combustion engine internal combustion, cleans the absorbent of canister 3 thus, and will supply to the combustion chamber of engine from the hydrocarbon that canister is removed.In the drawings, the inlet air flow path of arrow indication during the cleaning of canister 3.Term in the context of the present specification " downstream " and " upstream " relate to is air-flow during the cleaning of canister 3 all the time, and it is defined by the flow direction of fluid during heating operation.
Canister 3 comprises the first steam storage chamber 7, the second steam storage chamber 8 and the 39 steam storage chamber.The first steam storage chamber 7 with regard at hydrocarbon with regard to the air-flow of the loading duration of canister 3, be immediately following the steam storage chamber steam entry port 4 after, and also be the steam storage chamber of maximum.
It is evident that by Fig. 4 steam storage chamber 7,8,9 has circular cross section, and press concentric relation each other and arrange.The first steam storage chamber 7 is around steam storage chamber 8 and 9.Immediately following after breather port 5, at the upstream side place of the 3rd steam storage chamber 9, be furnished with purge heater chamber 10, this purge heater chamber 10 also is cylindrical shape, i.e. circular cross section.
The positive at its upstream place of purge heater chamber 10 has two and enters opening 12, and these two enter opening 12 and allow surrounding air is drawn in the purge heater chamber 10.Purge heater chamber 10 has the surrounding wall 13 of comparison thin-walled, and this surrounding wall 13 is designed to, from the thermal radiation of heater 1 can be delivered to the first steam storage chamber 7 around in the carbon bed.The surrounding wall 13 of heater 1 is defined for the path of fluid, and this fluid is the air stream by heater 1.
As can seeing easily from Fig. 1 and 4, heater 1 preferably includes four heating elements 2, and these four heating elements 2 are arranged side by side in the heater chamber 10 that forms path.With respect to the air flows by heater chamber 10, each heating element 2 is arranged abreast.
Suitably typical heating element 2 can have the typical length of diameter He the about 50mm of about 10mm.Each heating element 2 is operated as the resistive heating element.In the preferred embodiment that illustrates in the drawings, four electric heating elements 7 in series are electrically connected, and be connected on control and the switching device shifter 11, this control and switching device shifter 11 are connected on the power supply as the generator of vehicle and battery by negative, positive power line 14 and 15 again.
The proper method of control supply capability is pulse width modulation (PWM).The major advantage of this method is the low power loss in control and switching device shifter 11.Although the PWM operation requires some auxiliary electrical element, so that the unfavorable feedback in the vehicle power net minimizes and provide Electromagnetic Compatibility, control and switching device shifter 11 itself may be more cheap.In addition, can save and be used for otherwise the space of the huge heat abstractor of needs and may ventilating, have whole advantage aspect cost and the requisite space.
Yet, also can use the conventional current adjuster circuit, but require cooling.If the heat that distributes can be used for some other purpose, then the conventional current adjusting also is favourable.
A heating element in each heating element 2 has the heating power bigger slightly than other heating element 2.This heating element definition controlled heat element 2 '.The temperature sensor of thermistor 19 forms be arranged on controlled heat element 2 ' downstream end 23 places or its near.Temperature sensor 19 is connected on the control device 11 through lead 20 and 21, is used for temperature control during the heating operation of heater 1.Four heating elements 2,2 that are connected in series ' illustrated embodiment in, controlled heat element 2 ' the have length bigger slightly, for example 53mm than other heating element 2.Owing to have identical diameter and thereby have an identical cross-sectional area, controlled heat element 2 ' the have resistance bigger slightly than other heating element 2.Preferably, thermistor 19 be mounted to from controlled heat element 2 ' end, upstream 22 about 50mm, corresponding with the position of the downstream end 23 of other heating element 2, controlled heat element 2 ' the downstream end section in opening in, as more detailed expression in Fig. 2 and 3.This layout only guarantees the temperature that thermistor 19 is surveyed at the hottest part place of heater.
Control and switching device shifter 11 also are connected on the onboard diagnostic system through data wire 24, and are connected to through for example CAN bus 25 on other device of vehicle.Certainly, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that other suitable wiring also is feasible.
In the operation cycle period of the internal combustion engine of vehicle, be set to cleaning model according to fuel vapour storage of the present invention and reclaimer 3.Surrounding air is drawn into the purge heater chamber 10 through entering opening 12 from breather port 5 by the internal combustion engine of vehicle.During cleaning, by the generator of vehicle or battery to heating element 2 supply of electrical energy.Air passes and walks around heating element 2 and flows, and is heated to thus below 150 ℃ but under any circumstance is no more than 150 ℃ temperature.Simultaneously, the radiations heat energy that is distributed by heating element 2 heats the carbon bed on every side of the first steam storage chamber 7.Heated air flows through the 3rd steam storage chamber 9.On its road, surrounding air will be loaded by the hydrocarbon of storing in the carbon bed.This air stream as by in the indication of the arrow among Fig. 4 like that, flows into and flows through the carbon bed of the first steam storage chamber 7, and passes at last and clean port 6 and be sucked into cleaning pipeline (purging line), and this cleaning pipeline leads to internal combustion engine.
The method that operates in the heater 1 that uses in fuel vapour storage and the reclaimer 3 in vehicle environmental comprises the steps: to obtain the refuelling signal by CAN bus 25, and this refuelling signal indication oil tank of vehicle is refuelling.The fuel tank cap switch of the fuel tank cap (fuel cap) that such signal can be closed from detection obtains.If this signal exists, then heater 1 will be powered in 24 hours from the startup of engine and be not more than 45 minutes, be preferably per 24 hours about 30 minutes, respond the electric power that controls to heater 1 from the temperature signal of temperature sensor 19 simultaneously.About embodiment described above, thermistor 19 is calibrated to 140 ℃ temperature, takes into account with the best that is provided between organic efficiency and the fail safe.
And, fuel level signal will be also obtains from fuel quantity ga(u)ge by CAN bus 25, and if fuel level signal indication fuel level drop to predetermined reading, be preferably 1/4 of fuel tank capacity, owing to above describing at refuelling, then heater 1 will not be powered.
If ambient temperature below predetermined value, for example below-10 ℃, then under whole operating conditions by stopping can to realize energy-efficient to heater 1 power supply.The external temperature signal also can provide through CAN bus 25, or otherwise obtains from the motor management system.Control and switching device shifter 11 were preferably for example carrying out at least one test circulation before heater 1 power supply, and if following one or more situations take place, then stop to heater 1 power supply, and fault-signal is sent to onboard diagnostic system through data wire 24: in the circuit of thermistor 19 and lead 20 and 21, detect fault; The fail self-test of heater controller 11, the increase that perhaps detects the resistance of monolithic heating element 2 surmounts predetermined value, thereby the inefficacy of indication in one of each heating element 2, as break monolithic or disengaging connection; Or the like.Heating element 2 that damages or disengaging connect the canister 3 that will make as an emission control system part lost efficacy, and failure condition need be indicated to the driver.Preferably, will start limp-home (limp-home) pattern, to allow the driver to go home and to take automobile to repair shop.
The fault that detects in temperature sensor circuit 19,20,21 comprises a kind of in the following situation: the open circuit of wiring 20,21; The short circuit of thermistor 19; And undesirable heat sensitive resistor 19 contacts.Consider that inappropriate operation (particularly not controlled heat) may cause the fact of fire hazard, this embodiment guarantees improved fail-safety operation.
In addition, surpass predetermined maximum voltage value, perhaps drop under the following situation of predetermined minimum voltage value, will stop to heater 1 power supply, to avoid as overheated and so on damage or fault by control and switching device shifter 11 at supply voltage.
When the electric energy to heater 1 is about 132 ℃ to about 145 ℃ by the temperature that control and switching device shifter 11 are controlled at temperature sensor 19 places, when being preferably to about 140 ℃, obtain best recyclability and safety operation, thereby any part that prevents the heater 1 that contacts with the air/gasoline vapour mixture is constantly above 150 ℃.
Claims (21)
1. heater (1) that is used for fluid, comprise and conduct electricity the heating element (2 of monolithic, 2 '), wherein, described heater (1) comprises the path that is used to treat heated fluid, this fluid has the fluid flow direction of qualification during heating operation, described heater (1) is included at least two heating elements (2 that are arranged side by side in the described path, 2 '), thereby they are arranged abreast with respect to fluid stream, it is characterized in that, a heating element in described at least two heating elements is controlled heat element (2 '), this controlled heat element (2 ') has big slightly heating power, and the downstream end (23) of described controlled heat element (2 ') locate or its near be provided with temperature sensor (19), and wherein, described temperature sensor (19) is connected on the control device (11), is used for temperature control during the heating operation of described heater (1).
2. heater according to claim 1 (1) is characterized in that, described at least two heating elements (2,2 ') are electrically connected with being one another in series, and described controlled heat element (2 ') has than the big resistance of other heating element (2).
3. heater according to claim 1 (1) is characterized in that, described at least two heating elements (2,2 ') are electrically connected with being connected in parallel to each other, and described controlled heat element (2 ') has than the little resistance of other heating element (2).
4. each the described heater (1) in requiring according to aforesaid right, it is characterized in that, described heater (1) comprises the heating element (2,2 ') more than two, and described heating element together in groups, wherein, heating element in one group is electrically connected with being one another in series, and each group of heating element is electrically connected each other in parallel, wherein, the group that comprises described controlled heat element has the resistance littler than other group of heating element, and described controlled heat element (2 ') has than the big resistance of other heating element in same group.
5. according to each described heater (1) of claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that, described heater (1) comprises the heating element (2,2 ') more than two, and described heating element together in groups, wherein, heating element in one group is electrically connected with being connected in parallel to each other, and each group of heating element in series is electrically connected each other, wherein, the group that comprises described controlled heat element (2 ') has the resistance bigger than other group of heating element, and described controlled heat element has than the little resistance of other heating element in same group.
6. each the described heater (1) in requiring according to aforesaid right, it is characterized in that, described heating element (2,2 ') comprises the conductive carbon monolithic, this conductive carbon monolithic is the porous carbon monolithic, and this porous carbon monolithic has the major part that allows fluid stream is passed through described monolithic in described path honeycomb.
7. heater according to claim 6 (1) is characterized in that, described porous carbon monolithic has the passage of channel size between 100 μ m and 2000 μ m.
8. according to claim 6 or 7 described heaters (1), it is characterized in that, described porous carbon monolithic and described path in the perpendicular cross section of flow path in have the area of opening between 30% and 60%.
9. each the described heater (1) in requiring according to aforesaid right is characterized in that described heating element (2,2 ') is arranged to all-in resistance and is no more than 2.5 ohm, is preferably and is no more than 1 ohm, more preferably about 0.8 ohm.
10. each the described heater (1) in requiring according to aforesaid right is characterized in that described temperature sensor is thermistor (19).
11. a fuel vapour is stored and reclaimer (3), comprises according to each described heater (1) and control device (11) in the aforesaid right requirement.
12. a method that is used for operating in vehicle environmental according to each described heater (1) of claim 1 to 10 or fuel vapour according to claim 11 storage and reclaimer (3) comprises the steps:
I) obtain the refuelling signal, the oil tank of vehicle that this refuelling signal indication is communicated with described heater (1) fluid by refuelling and
Ii) after refuelling from engine start, to described heater (1) power supply be not more than 45 minutes/24 hours,
Respond the temperature signal from temperature sensor (19) simultaneously, control supplies to the electric power of described heater (1).
13. method according to claim 12 is characterized in that, step I i) power supply be about 30 minutes/24 hours.
14., further comprising the steps of according to claim 12 or 13 described methods:
Iii) from fuel quantity ga(u)ge obtain fuel level signal and
If iv) described fuel level signal indication fuel level drops to predetermined reading, then stop to described heater (1) and power.
15. method according to claim 14 is characterized in that, step I described predetermined reading v) is 1/3, is preferably 1/4.
16. it is, further comprising the steps of according to each described method of claim 12 to 15
If v) ambient temperature is below predetermined value, then all stopping to power under the operating condition to described heater (1).
17. method according to claim 16 is characterized in that, step described temperature v) is-7 ℃, is preferably-10 ℃.
18. it is, further comprising the steps of: as to carry out at least one test circulation according to each described method of claim 12 to 17; If with satisfy one or more in the following condition, then stop to heater (1) power supply, and fault-signal sent to onboard diagnostic system:
A) in temperature sensor circuit, detect fault,
B) fail self-test of the control device of heater (11),
C) increase that detects the resistance that monolithic heating element (2,2 ') arranges surmounts predetermined value, and
D) supply voltage surpasses predetermined maximum, perhaps drops to below the predetermined minimum value.
19. method according to claim 18 is characterized in that, the fault that detects in temperature sensor circuit comprises a kind of in the following situation:
The open circuit of-thermistor circuit,
The short circuit of-thermistor circuit, and
The contact of-undesirable heat sensitive resistor.
20. according to each described method of claim 12 to 19, wherein, the electric power that supplies to described heater (1) is controlled so as to, the temperature of locating at described temperature sensor (19) is about 132 ℃ to about 145 ℃, is preferably to about 140 ℃.
21. according to each described method of claim 12 to 20, wherein, the control that supplies to the electric power of described heater (1) comprises that the electric power to supplying to described heater (1) carries out pulse width modulation.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP2007011278 | 2007-12-20 | ||
| EPPCT/EP07/011278 | 2007-12-20 | ||
| PCT/EP2008/000476 WO2009080128A1 (en) | 2007-12-20 | 2008-01-23 | Heater for fluids |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102007814A true CN102007814A (en) | 2011-04-06 |
| CN102007814B CN102007814B (en) | 2014-03-26 |
Family
ID=39739972
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200880121652.3A Expired - Fee Related CN102007814B (en) | 2007-12-20 | 2008-01-23 | Heater for fluids |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP5022497B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102007814B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2009080128A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110268206A (en) * | 2017-02-06 | 2019-09-20 | 法雷奥热系统公司 | Electric heater unit, corresponding heating circuit and the method for managing temperature |
| CN112879183A (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2021-06-01 | 东风富士汤姆森调温器有限公司 | Heating ventilation pipe and fuel evaporation control system comprising same |
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| GB0817315D0 (en) * | 2008-09-22 | 2008-10-29 | Mast Carbon Automotive Ltd | Fuel vapour storage |
| JP2012225167A (en) * | 2011-04-15 | 2012-11-15 | Aisan Industry Co Ltd | Fuel vapor processing devices |
| JP5734771B2 (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2015-06-17 | 愛三工業株式会社 | Evaporative fuel processing equipment |
| US10156210B2 (en) | 2013-09-27 | 2018-12-18 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Hybrid vehicle fuel vapor canister |
| US9797347B2 (en) | 2013-09-27 | 2017-10-24 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Hybrid vehicle fuel vapor canister |
| US20150120165A1 (en) * | 2013-10-28 | 2015-04-30 | Sgs North America Inc. | Evaporative Emission Control System Monitoring |
| US9682628B2 (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2017-06-20 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Fuel vapor canister heater control and diagnostic systems and methods |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP5022497B2 (en) | 2012-09-12 |
| CN102007814B (en) | 2014-03-26 |
| JP2011509367A (en) | 2011-03-24 |
| WO2009080128A1 (en) | 2009-07-02 |
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