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CN101970875A - 具有交替转动到线性移动的驱动机构的超高压泵 - Google Patents

具有交替转动到线性移动的驱动机构的超高压泵 Download PDF

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CN101970875A
CN101970875A CN2009801091838A CN200980109183A CN101970875A CN 101970875 A CN101970875 A CN 101970875A CN 2009801091838 A CN2009801091838 A CN 2009801091838A CN 200980109183 A CN200980109183 A CN 200980109183A CN 101970875 A CN101970875 A CN 101970875A
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linear
servomotor
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encoder
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CN101970875B (zh
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达伦·雷尤克斯
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Tai Ke Ni Engineering Co ltd
Quantum Servo Pumping Technologies Pty Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B9/00—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members
    • F04B9/02—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being mechanical
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C7/00—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts
    • B24C7/0007—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a liquid carrier
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C9/00—Appurtenances of abrasive blasting machines or devices, e.g. working chambers, arrangements for handling used abrasive material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F3/00—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor
    • B26F3/004—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor by means of a fluid jet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/02—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having two cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B11/00—Equalisation of pulses, e.g. by use of air vessels; Counteracting cavitation
    • F04B11/005—Equalisation of pulses, e.g. by use of air vessels; Counteracting cavitation using two or more pumping pistons
    • F04B11/0058—Equalisation of pulses, e.g. by use of air vessels; Counteracting cavitation using two or more pumping pistons with piston speed control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B17/00—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors
    • F04B17/03—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors driven by electric motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B23/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04B23/04—Combinations of two or more pumps
    • F04B23/06—Combinations of two or more pumps the pumps being all of reciprocating positive-displacement type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B41/00—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04B41/06—Combinations of two or more pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/06—Control using electricity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/06—Control using electricity
    • F04B49/065—Control using electricity and making use of computers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/20—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00 by changing the driving speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/08—Cooling; Heating; Preventing freezing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/10—Valves; Arrangement of valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/14—Pistons, piston-rods or piston-rod connections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/16—Casings; Cylinders; Cylinder liners or heads; Fluid connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/06—Means for converting reciprocating motion into rotary motion or vice versa
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B11/00—Equalisation of pulses, e.g. by use of air vessels; Counteracting cavitation
    • F04B11/005—Equalisation of pulses, e.g. by use of air vessels; Counteracting cavitation using two or more pumping pistons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B2201/00—Pump parameters
    • F04B2201/02—Piston parameters
    • F04B2201/0201—Position of the piston
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B2201/00—Pump parameters
    • F04B2201/02—Piston parameters
    • F04B2201/0202—Linear speed of the piston
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B2203/00—Motor parameters
    • F04B2203/02—Motor parameters of rotating electric motors
    • F04B2203/0201—Current
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
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    • F04B2203/00—Motor parameters
    • F04B2203/02—Motor parameters of rotating electric motors
    • F04B2203/0202—Voltage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
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    • F04B2203/00—Motor parameters
    • F04B2203/02—Motor parameters of rotating electric motors
    • F04B2203/0209—Rotational speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
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    • F04B2205/00—Fluid parameters
    • F04B2205/03—Pressure in the compression chamber

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
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  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)

Abstract

一种具有线性致动器的高压泵，包括适于沿交替方向绕轴转动中空转子轴(15)的伺服电动机，伺服电动机具有绕中空转子轴(15)共轴地定位的定子(19)，转子轴(15)的内侧与驱动构件(30)共轴地耦接以将绕轴转动转换成往复移动，驱动构件(30)的线性运动被约束，并且以螺纹配合方式支撑轴(31)以使轴(31)进行线性移动；以及编码器(80)，其监控驱动构件的运动。至少一个活塞(50、51)与轴(31)耦接，并且活塞(50、51)设置在缸筒(55)内以限定泵送室(59)，由此转子轴(15)的交替转动使得活塞(50、51)进行往复线性移动，以对泵送室(59)内的流体加压。还公开了一种驱动机构，其包括控制器(81)和编码器(80)，控制器(81)与伺服电动机耦接，编码器(80)测量中空转子或输出轴的运动，并且将与上述运动成比例的反馈信号发送到控制器。

Description

具有交替转动到线性移动的驱动机构的超高压泵
技术领域
本发明涉及包括线性致动器的驱动机构。本发明还涉及高压泵，特别是用于水射流切割设备中的超高压水射流泵。
背景技术
这些年来水射流切割设备已用来切割诸如钢、铝、玻璃、大理石、塑料、橡胶、软木以及木材等各种材料。将工件放置于浅水槽上，且将喷射出切割射流的切割头横过工件精确地移动以完成期望的切割。由夹带有磨料微粒的水的极高压射流(高达90,000磅/平方英寸(psi))所形成的组合流体来实施切割作用，磨料通常为产生切割作用的砂。从切割头射出的水和砂收集在工件下方的水槽内。
在与水射流切割相关的产业中，措词“超高压”(UHP)水射流用于限定水被加压至50000psi以上并然后用作切割工具的工艺。高压水被迫通过宝石中的很小的孔，孔的直径典型地处在0.1mm与0.5mm之间，宝石通常为红宝石、蓝宝石或钻石。
典型地，两种泵用于产生高压水，即：
a)增压泵；以及
b)直接驱动式曲轴泵。
增压泵通常为能够将油加压至大约3000psi的液压泵。然后，油被迫进入到缸筒内，该缸筒具有附接到小活塞的大活塞，小活塞的面积是液压活塞的面积的1/20。二级活塞位于装满水的缸筒内。当液压活塞被迫往复运动时，液压活塞迫使水压活塞(water piston)往复运动，从而产生大约为液压系统的二十倍的压力。尽管这些系统相当可靠，但由于需要驱动液压系统而使它们的效率低下。典型地，这些泵以大约55％的效率运转。
较高效的泵是电动机与曲轴直接耦接的直接驱动式曲轴泵。曲轴转动，同时驱动很多--通常为三个--小活塞在缸筒内往复运动，因此对水加压。当这些泵在利用被加压的水时，这些泵相当高效，典型地在80％以上，但这些泵不能储存和保持压力，这就意味着当水射流设备实际上未进行切割时，被加过压的水从排泄阀排出，这就意味着这些泵在空转或在切割操作时使用相似量值的电力。由于形成相同体积的超高压水所需的高活塞速度和冲程数量，使得这些泵不如增压泵那样可靠。
上述泵的局限性使得本发明产生。
发明内容
根据本发明的一方面，提供一种超高压泵，其包括适于沿交替方向绕轴转动中空转子轴的伺服电动机，伺服电动机具有绕中空转子轴共轴地定位的定子，转子轴的内侧与驱动装置共轴地耦接以将绕轴转动转换成往复移动，驱动装置与至少一个活塞耦接，所述至少一个活塞具有设置在缸筒内的头部，以在活塞的上述头部与缸筒之间限定泵送室，由此转子轴的交替转动使得活塞往复线性移动，从而将泵送室内的流体加压。
优选地，驱动装置在轴的两端部与活塞连接，每个活塞适于在相应的缸筒内完成往复运动，因此限定两个泵送室。
优选地，伺服电动机位于筒状壳体内，筒状壳体转而套装在水冷却护套中。在优选实施方式中，伺服电动机包括对转子轴的转动频率计数的编码器，编码器经由反馈回路与电动机的控制装置耦接。
优选地，驱动装置包括与转子轴螺纹配合的线性固定螺母。螺母与丝杠螺纹配合，由此转子轴和转子螺母的绕轴转动使丝杠往复运动。
在优选实施方式中，丝杠延伸出泵的各端部以与活塞耦接。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供一种驱动机构，其包括与伺服电动机耦接的控制器，伺服电动机具有：绕中空转子共轴地安装的定子，中空转子包括与输出轴共轴地耦接的驱动装置，由此驱动装置将转子的转动运动转换成轴的线性移动；以及编码器，其测量转子或输出轴的运动，并且将与上述运动成比例的反馈信号发送到控制器。
根据本发明的又一方面，提供一种线性致动器，其包括伺服电动机，伺服电动机具有：绕中空转子共轴地安装的定子；驱动构件，其与转子的内侧配合，驱动构件的线性运动被约束，且以螺纹配合方式支承轴以使轴线性移动；以及编码器，其监控驱动构件或轴的运动，并且设置成将反馈信号发送到伺服电动机，由此伺服电动机的操作和控制使轴进行受控的线性移动。
附图说明
现将参照附图仅以举例方式描述本发明的实施方式，其中：
图1是超高压泵的侧视图；
图2是泵的端视图；
图3是沿图2中的线A-A所剖得的泵的剖视图；
图4是沿图1中的线B-B所剖得的泵的剖视图；以及
图5是例示出线性致动器的反馈回路的框图。
具体实施方式
尽管优选实施方式涉及一种高压泵、特别是用于水射流切割机中的高压泵，但可以理解，本发明的申请主题实质上是一种驱动机构，其可用于必需密切仔细控制驱动的各种场合中。因而，该驱动机构的用途之一是线性致动器，该线性致动器可在诸如压力机、机器人学、物料输送及其它类似用途等各种工程应用中，用于替代本身低效、有噪声、脏污并且不精确的液压缸。使用带有闭环反馈回路的伺服电动机，提供了密切仔细控制驱动的可能。
当该驱动机构用于泵中时，它包括伺服电动机，伺服电动机驱动两个往复式活塞，这两个往复式活塞从泵的两端突伸以在缸筒内操作，以将引入缸筒内的水加压至大于50000psi的压力。
如图1至4所示，泵10包括套装在筒状水冷却护套12内的筒状壳体11。壳体11具有端部凸缘16、17，端部凸缘16、17支撑绕有伺服电动机的绕组19的中空转子轴15。转子轴15的一个端部13由位于壳体11与轴15之间的环状轴承14支承。转子轴15的另一端部18支承轴承座27，轴承座27支承轴承28。
转子轴15容纳滚柱螺母(roller nut)30，滚柱螺母30转而螺纹配合到长形丝杠31上。滚柱螺母30与轴的内侧直接配合，并且被约束线性运动以随着转子轴15一起转动。丝杠31具有带螺纹的外部20，且在一端部22上加工有平坦部21。平坦部21支承线性轴承23、24，线性轴承23、24在间隔开的长形导轨25、26(图4)上行进。导轨25、26延伸过壳体11的端部凸缘17。转子轴的支承轴承28的端部15支撑在外部定位的编码器80。
丝杠31的端部与活塞50、51耦接，活塞50、51设置成在相应缸筒54、55内往复运动。活塞的头部56、57与缸筒54、55一起限定压缩室58、59。
转子轴15通过间隔的轴承14和28而位于壳体11内，以便于轴15相对于壳体11进行绕轴转动。端部凸缘16、17螺栓连接并固定到壳体11以将组件保持在一起，并且突伸的活塞50、51被封闭在不锈钢安装座65、66内，不锈钢安装座65、66支撑缸筒54、55。
伺服电动机使转子轴15转动，转子轴15转而使被约束轴向运动的滚柱螺母30转动，因此这意味着丝杠31在滚柱螺母30内线性地运动。通过使转子轴15的转动方向反向，可使丝杠31因此往复运动从而使活塞50、51往复运动，以转而对经由进水口60引入压缩室58、59的水加压，从而实现以大于50,000psi的压力从出口61高压输送水。
各缸筒54、55具有由止回阀74控制的低压进水口73，低压进水口73以相对于缸筒轴线成45°角的方式与压缩室58、59连通。高压出口75共轴地位于缸筒的端部，并且包括止回阀76。
高压密封件70、71位于缸筒54、55的内侧端部与活塞50、51之间以防止背压。
伺服电动机由计算机数字控制器(CNC)控制。
用于优选实施方式中的伺服电动机是在大约600伏特的DC(直流)电压下运转的无刷DC伺服电动机。这是一种机床中常用的电动机，并且该电动机传统上可控程度高从而提供在这些机床应用中所要求的精度。活塞具有大约175mm的冲程，并且以大约每分钟120个冲程的方式往复运动。活塞沿一个方向的运动持续大约0.8秒。泵设计成在以每分钟输送2L水的最高效模式下运转，但该泵也可以每分钟高达4L的输送方式运转，不过这样将缩短泵的寿命。
由于在伺服电动机与活塞的线性运动之间存在直接驱动，因此可在机器中实现极精确的诊断。通过使用读取非常精细分度(典型地沿径向小于0.04mm，或者在优选实施方式中约每转20,000个计数)的编码器80，结合从定子返回到CNC的电流和电压信息，可以精确地计算线速度和电动机转矩，以因此非常精确地确定水压和流量。因而，这种精度等级远大于传统机器的精度等级。具有该信息后，因此可以判断泵是否存在问题。已发现，当未注意到高压泄漏时，这些泄漏非常迅速地使泵的非常昂贵的机器组件出现重大损坏。通过一直监控泵的运转，可以很早确定密封失效，使得可以进行预防性维护以防止部件出现严重损坏。
可引起这种设备的问题的来源是活塞的往复运动所引发的脉动效应。每当伺服电动机反转方向时，就存在延迟，这时活塞停止以然后反转方向。这种延迟可引起高达5000psi的压降，该压降会引发泵的输出压力发生脉动。本申请主题的泵可通过放置各自具有两个前后排列的往复式活塞-缸筒组件的两个泵、并且使这些泵略微异相地运行，来克服上述问题。通过循环进行使得一个泵以另一泵两倍的速度驱动，当另一泵反向时，本申请主题容许第一泵逐渐形成背压以平衡可通过活塞反向而引起的压降，并因而确保输送到水射流切割机的输出压力恒定不变而不会发生脉动。通过消除脉动效应，可消除使水射流切割机中的部件过早疲劳损坏的主要因素。
上述伺服驱动泵远比增压泵高效，同时仍可提供能够在不切割时储存并保持压力的期望能力，因而仅使用最少的电力。转子轴设计成以大约1500转/分(rpm)的速度运行，并且活塞在孔内延伸的长度大约为180mm且头部直径为14mm。这使得整个组件小而轻，并且显著比增压泵安静。该伺服驱动系统也非常灵敏，并且可通过无穷控制(infinite control)在毫秒级内调节压力。
在图1至4所示实施方式中用来驱动超高压泵的上述驱动机构也可用于很多其它环境中，并且特别地用作线性致动器。图5是示出对线性致动器的控制的闭环回路图。计算机数字控制器CNC 81驱动位置控制器82，位置控制器82转而与速度控制器83耦接，速度控制器83转而与电流控制器84耦接以驱动作为线性致动器的伺服电动机。编码器80发送两个反馈信号，即被馈送到速度控制器的速度反馈信号和被馈送到位置控制器的位置反馈信号。以这种方式，通过监控反馈信号而对伺服电动机进行的计算机控制操作，提供了对输出轴的线性移动的极其积极且精确的控制，这意味着该线性致动器可用于替代传统上用在诸如重型压力机、注塑成型机、升降台和平台、或重载切割机或抛光机等应用中的液压缸。线性致动器特别紧凑，因此在需要对速度、位置或力加强控制且可用空间有限的情况下，尤其有用。

Claims (18)

1.一种超高压泵，包括适于沿交替方向绕轴转动中空转子轴的伺服电动机，所述伺服电动机具有绕所述中空转子轴共轴地定位的定子，所述转子轴的内侧与驱动装置共轴地耦接以将绕轴转动转换成往复移动，所述驱动装置与至少一个活塞耦接，所述至少一个活塞的头部设置在缸筒内，以在所述活塞的所述头部与所述缸筒之间限定泵送室，其中所述转子轴的交替转动使得所述活塞往复线性移动，从而将所述泵送室内的流体加压。
2.如权利要求1所述的超高压泵，其中，所述伺服电动机包括对所述转子轴的转动频率进行计数的编码器，所述编码器经由闭环反馈回路与所述伺服电动机耦接。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的超高压泵，其中，所述定子位于筒状壳体内。
4.如权利要求3所述的超高压泵，其中，所述壳体套装在冷却护套中。
5.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的超高压泵，其中，所述驱动装置包括与所述转子轴直接配合的线性固定螺母，所述螺母与丝杠螺纹配合，由此所述转子轴以及因此所述螺母的绕轴转动使所述丝杠进行线性运动。
6.如权利要求5所述的超高压泵，其中，所述活塞与所述丝杠的相对两端部耦接，每个所述活塞适于在相应的缸筒内完成往复运动，因此限定两个泵送室。
7.如权利要求5或6所述的超高压泵，其中，所述丝杠由各自支撑在长形导轨上的线性轴承支承。
8.一种驱动机构，包括与伺服电动机耦接的控制器，所述伺服电动机具有：
绕中空转子共轴地安装的定子，所述中空转子包括与输出轴共轴地耦接的驱动装置，由此所述驱动装置将所述转子的转动运动转换成所述轴的线性移动，以及
编码器，所述编码器测量所述转子或所述输出轴的运动，并且将与所述运动成比例的反馈信号发送到所述控制器。
9.如权利要求8所述的驱动机构，其中，所述定子共轴地位于壳体内。
10.如权利要求8或9所述的驱动机构，其中，所述输出轴驱动设置在缸筒内以限定泵送室的活塞，由此所述转子的交替转动使得所述活塞进行往复线性移动，以对所述泵送室内的流体加压。
11.一种线性致动器，包括伺服电动机，所述伺服电动机具有：
绕中空转子共轴地安装的定子；
驱动构件，所述驱动部件与所述转子的内侧配合，所述驱动构件的线性运动被约束，且以螺纹配合方式支承轴以使所述轴线性移动；以及
编码器，所述编码器监控所述驱动构件或所述轴的运动，并且设置成将反馈信号发送到所述伺服电动机，由此所述伺服电动机的操作和控制使所述轴进行受控的线性移动。
12.如权利要求11所述的线性致动器，其中，所述定子包括所述电动机的绕组。
13.如权利要求11或12所述的线性致动器，其中，所述转子为长形，并且两端由轴承支承以进行绕轴转动。
14.如权利要求11至13中任一项所述的线性致动器，其中，所述轴安装在由长形导轨支承的线性轴承上。
15.如权利要求11至14中任一项所述的线性致动器，其中，所述编码器监控所述转子的转动运动。
16.如权利要求11至14中任一项所述的线性致动器，其中，所述编码器监控所述轴的线性移动。
17.如权利要求11至16中任一项所述的线性致动器，其中，所述定子被封闭在壳体内，并且冷却护套围绕所述壳体。
18.如权利要求17所述的线性致动器，其中，所述壳体、所述冷却护套、所述定子、所述转子、所述驱动构件以及所述轴全部共轴。
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US10260488B2 (en) 2019-04-16
EP3501734A1 (en) 2019-06-26
US10393097B2 (en) 2019-08-27
US10240588B2 (en) 2019-03-26
US20170306938A1 (en) 2017-10-26
US20160076526A1 (en) 2016-03-17
US9212657B2 (en) 2015-12-15
EP3501734B1 (en) 2024-06-12
CN101970875B (zh) 2014-08-27
ES2726374T3 (es) 2019-10-04
ES2726374T5 (es) 2022-11-11
EP2268922A1 (en) 2011-01-05
US20190010935A1 (en) 2019-01-10
JP2011515616A (ja) 2011-05-19
US20110020155A1 (en) 2011-01-27
WO2009117765A1 (en) 2009-10-01
EP2268922B2 (en) 2022-08-24
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EP2268922A4 (en) 2017-04-12
US20190154015A1 (en) 2019-05-23

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