CN101961628B - Small and medium heat-insulating reactor - Google Patents
Small and medium heat-insulating reactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN101961628B CN101961628B CN 201010531908 CN201010531908A CN101961628B CN 101961628 B CN101961628 B CN 101961628B CN 201010531908 CN201010531908 CN 201010531908 CN 201010531908 A CN201010531908 A CN 201010531908A CN 101961628 B CN101961628 B CN 101961628B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a small and medium heat-insulating reactor. The reactor is characterized by comprising a reacting tube, wherein a technical material inlet and a technical material outlet are positioned at the upper end and the lower end of the reacting tube respectively; a temperature-measuring pipe I is arranged in the reacting tube; a heat-insulating jacket which can be vacuumized is arranged outside the reacting tube; upper and lower isothermal bodies and upper and lower insulating layers are arranged outside the upper and lower parts of the jacket respectively; a side wall heater and an insulating layer are arranged on the outer side of the jacket; a temperature-measuring element I and a temperature-measuring element II are arranged in the temperature-measuring pipe I on the upper and lower welding parts of the heat-insulating jacket and the reacting tube respectively for controlling heaters in the upper and lower isothermal bodies in a cascade manner respectively and tracing internal and external temperatures at material inlet and outlet of the reacting tube respectively; the temperature-measuring element positioned in a catalyst filling area in the temperature-measuring pipe I carries out cascade control over the heater on the side wall of the jacket for tracing the temperatures on two sides of the jacket; and the inner surface of the heat-insulating jacket is subjected to electropolishing or electroplating treatment. The heat-insulating precision of the small and medium heat-insulating reactor provided by the invention is greatly improved; and the small and medium heat-insulating reactor has a simple structure, can serve as an isothermal reactor, integrates a heat-insulating reactor and an isothermal reactor, and has the advantages of saving space and cost and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of middle-size and small-size adiabatic reactor.
Background technology
The scientific experimentations such as new chemical materials exploitation, new technology exploration, study on mechanism usually need to be carried out under the condition of thermal insulation or isothermal, in order to satisfy the requirement of different tests operating mode, have developed various informative adiabatic reactor and isothermal reactor.But the reaction of carrying out for middle-size and small-size experimental rig, absorption or liberated heat are very limited, extraneous factor usually causes the variation of reaction temperature greater than reaction itself on the impact of reaction temperature, designing and developing of reactor still is domestic and international scientific worker's focus and difficult point, particularly adiabatic reactor so far.
Common adiabatic reactor is the multistage heating by electric cooker by control reactor outer wall, so that the outside wall temperature of reactor is followed the tracks of the inside reactor temperature, the reactor internal-external temperature difference is reduced to minimum, thereby eliminates heat loss, reaches the adiabatic effect of simulation.But this adiabatic reactor comes with some shortcomings: 1, the temperature of adiabatic reaction changes with the flow direction of material, and for the reaction of strong heat release or strong heat absorption, thermograde is very obvious.Multistage heating by electric cooker reactor is artificially reactor to be divided into some sections, and control reactor internal and external temperature is equal as far as possible in each section.The temperature control of each section electric furnace is to realize by the temperature of following the tracks of point for measuring temperature position in the reactor, the temperature of each point for measuring temperature is single value in the reactor, represented the mean temperature of this section reactor, and the electric furnace of this section is namely worked under this mean temperature, thereby reactor become the temperature control value at the multistage isothermal reactor that constantly changes, and electric furnace hop count, point for measuring temperature position and temperature measurement accuracy are restricting adiabatic simulate effect; 2, reaction heat is uncontrollable along the loss of reaction tube direction, usually is left in the basket; 3, the temperature control of electric furnace is the passive thermometric that depends in the reactor, is subjected to the impact of thermometric components and parts diabatic process and electric furnace thermal inertia, and temperature is followed the tracks of and had hysteresis; 4, because the thermal capacitance of outside electric furnace is large, can't simulate endothermic reaction process; 5, multistage temperature control, control loop is many, and electric cooker structure is complicated.Thereby multistage heating by electric cooker simulation adiabatic reaction also requires further improvement.
Common isothermal reactor has multistage electric furnace temperature control reactor, constant temperature bath reactor and sand-bath reactor etc., and technology is relatively ripe.Wherein the applicable temperature range of multistage electric furnace temperature control reactor is wide, easy to operate, but temperature-controlled precision is relatively relatively poor, and is not explosion-proof; Isothermal bath reactor temperature-controlled precision is higher, but the temperature of using is limited, generally is lower than 350 ℃ take oil as heat medium, generally is lower than 550 ℃ take salt made from earth containing a comparatively high percentage of sodium chloride as heat medium; Sand-bath reactor isothermal is effective, and heating-up temperature is high, but complex structure, equipment investment is large.The requirements such as the selective basis test temperature of isothermal reactor, temperature-controlled precision are carried out, and general all can reach satisfied effect.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of adiabatic precision and middle-size and small-size adiabatic reactor simple in structure of greatly improving.
In order to achieve the above object, technical scheme of the present invention has provided a kind of middle-size and small-size adiabatic reactor, it is characterized in that, comprise reaction tube, the import of process stream and outlet lay respectively at the top and bottom of reaction tube, the in-built temperature tube one of reaction tube, the insulating jacket of peripheral hardware vacuum-pumping, occasionally Thermistor Temperature Measurement element of many thermoelectricity is arranged in the temperature tube one, and weld arranges respectively temperature element one and two about insulating jacket and reaction tube, establishes at least a temperature element at the reaction tube middle part again.The top section in the side of insulating jacket leaves the mouth of pipe one, and the outside is provided with sidewall heater and heat-insulation layer, and the temperature control hop count of heater is suitable with the number of middle part temperature element.Be respectively equipped with outside the top of insulating jacket and the bottom, on lower isothermal body reaches, lower heat-insulation layer, upper isothermal body and lower isothermal body contact with upper surface and the lower surface of insulating jacket respectively, and fit closely with all contact-making surfaces of reaction tube and insulating jacket, in upper isothermal body, be provided with temperature element three and upper heater, in lower isothermal body, be provided with temperature element four and lower heater, wherein, the break-make of temperature element one tandem control upper heater, the break-make of the lower heater of temperature element two tandems control, carrying out reaction tube turnover material place internal and external temperature follows the tracks of, outside heater temperature control section corresponding to each middle part temperature element tandem control carried out insulating jacket both sides temperature and followed the tracks of.
Further, be provided with temperature tube two in described insulating jacket, be provided with at least one temperature element in temperature tube two, leave the mouth of pipe two in the bottom of described insulating jacket, the mouth of pipe two is as heat medium emptying and the outlet of chuck inner chamber sweep gas.
Described insulating jacket inner surface is carried out electropolishing or electroplating processes.
Its adiabatic precision of a kind of middle-size and small-size adiabatic reactor provided by the invention greatly improves and is simple in structure, further, middle-size and small-size adiabatic reactor provided by the invention can also be as isothermal reactor, thermal insulation and two kinds of reactors of isothermal are become one, have the advantages such as the space of saving and cost, the implementation method of a kind of thermal insulation or isothermal environment is provided for scientific experimentations such as new chemical materials exploitation, new technology exploration, study on mechanism.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of adiabatic isothermal dual purpose reactor structure provided by the invention and principle schematic;
Fig. 2 is a kind of adiabatic reactor structure provided by the invention and principle schematic.
The specific embodiment
Specify the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, be a kind of adiabatic isothermal dual purpose reactor provided by the invention, tee E represents temperature thermocouple/thermal resistance in the figure, TI represents that temperature shows, TIC represents that temperature shows and control, and TY represents thermostat relay, and HTR represents heating jacket/electric furnace/heating rod.This reactor comprises reaction tube 1, establish temperature tube 2 in the reaction tube 1, peripheral hardware insulating jacket 3, four temperature elements are arranged in the temperature tube 2, be respectively temperature element c and the temperature element d that is positioned at temperature tube 2 tops and bottom, between temperature element c and temperature element d, be provided with middle part temperature element a and middle part temperature element b.Insulating jacket 3 and reaction tube 1 about weld respectively establish a temperature element, the quantity of reaction tube 1 middle part catalyst filling zone temperature element is definite according to requirement of experiment, is no less than one.Insulating jacket 3 inner surfaces need electropolishing or electroplate to increase fineness, improve reflection efficiency.The chuck inner chamber 4 of insulating jacket 3 was in respectively the state of vacuum and filling heat medium when reactor was used for adiabatic and isothermal reaction.Be provided with temperature tube 5 in the insulating jacket 3, heat medium temperature element E and heat medium temperature element F are housed in temperature tube 5, for the temperature detection of insulating jacket 3 interior heat mediums.Insulating jacket 3 leaves the mouth of pipe 6 in the bottom, as heat medium emptying and the outlet of chuck inner chamber sweep gas.Top section leaves the mouth of pipe 7 to insulating jacket 3 in the side, and Pressure gauge, overflow is connected all by this mouth of pipe and connects with heat medium to vacuumize interface, heat medium/sweep gas entrance, switches by valve during different use state.Insulating jacket 3 outsides are provided with heater 8, and heater 8 is generally electric furnace or electric heating cover.Heater 8 is one section temperature control or two sections temperature controls, and in the present embodiment, heater 8 is two sections temperature controls, and the temperature of each section is controlled according to middle part temperature element a and the middle part measured temperature of temperature element b respectively.The outside of heater 8 is heat-insulation layer 9, and heater 8 and heat-insulation layer 9 can be processed as one, and split chain connection, are easy to open.Insulating jacket 3 upper and lower sides are respectively equipped with cylindrical upper isothermal body 11 and cylindrical lower isothermal body 14, material is the metal materials such as the good copper of heat conductivility or aluminium, center drilling, be installed in the upper and lower side of reaction tube 1, and contact with insulating jacket 3 upper and lower end faces, all contact-making surfaces of isothermal body and reaction tube 1 and insulating jacket 3 must be fitted closely.On upper isothermal body 11 and lower isothermal body 14, two holes are arranged respectively, install and fix for temperature element C, temperature element D, upper isothermal body heater 10 and lower isothermal body heater 13.The position of opening of temperature element C and temperature element D is as far as possible near reaction tube 1.The upper and lower of upper isothermal body 11 and lower isothermal body 14 is upper heat-insulation layer 12 and lower heat-insulation layer 15, and its thickness is moderate, can realize being rapidly heated and radiating and cooling of isothermal body 11 and lower isothermal body 14.
During as adiabatic reactor, close first valve and the heat-conducting medium discharging hole valve of heat-conducting medium/sweep gas entrance and heat-conducting medium overflow outlet before the use, open the valve of Pressure gauge front end, close the vavuum pump valve that vacuumizes interface after the vacuum in the insulating jacket 3 drops to constant limiting value, the vacuum state of insulating jacket 3 has weakened the heat loss that reaction tube 1 and outside convection heat transfer' heat-transfer by convection cause greatly.Before formally carrying out reaction test, need to give first reaction tube 1, insulating jacket 3, upper isothermal body 11 and lower isothermal body 14 preheatings, in this process, reaction tube 1 internal and external temperature is not followed the tracks of, and the initial value of each temperature control loop is manually set.Behind initial temperature stabilization, drop into reaction mass, by the temperature element c in the temperature tube 2 and temperature element d respectively the detection reaction device be positioned at up and down the temperature of insulating jacket 3 and reaction tube 1 welding position, break-make with this upper isothermal body 11 of difference tandem control and lower isothermal body 14 better-than-average temperature body heaters 10 and lower isothermal body heater 13, the temperature of temperature element C and temperature element D will be followed the temperature of temperature element c and temperature element d all the time, namely go up the turnover temperature that the temperature of isothermal body 11 and lower isothermal body 14 is followed the tracks of respectively material all the time.And the weld of insulating jacket 3 and reaction tube 1 is the gateway that reactor passes through the conductive thermal exchange heat, and the temperature at this two place is followed the tracks of so that the internal and external temperature approximately equal has stoped reaction tube to conduct the heat loss that causes by heat to the full extent.First paragraph and the second segment of middle part temperature element a and middle part temperature element b difference tandem control chuck external heater in the reactor, the first paragraph of heater and the temperature of second segment respectively with reactor in the temperature of middle part temperature element a and middle part temperature element b approach, be insulating jacket 3 both sides temperature approximately equals, the temperature difference is less, heat radiation is less, the whole electropolishing of insulating jacket 3 inner surfaces or plating have increased surperficial fineness and reflection efficiency in addition, can ignore so that heat radiation is conducted heat.Weakened to the full extent the formation condition of reactor with the extraneous three kinds of approach that conduct heat by above measure, the adiabatic precision of reactor improves greatly.
During as isothermal reactor, open manometric valve, introduce heat medium by heat-conducting medium/sweep gas entrance.Heater 8, under the heating of isothermal body heater 10 and lower isothermal body heater 13, the heat medium intensification of being heated reaches design temperature.Because heat medium has good thermal conductivity and flowability, approximately think that reaction tube 1 is under the isoperibol and work.In order to aggravate the convection effects of heat medium in insulating jacket 3, there is certain gradient successively or alternately in the setting value of heater 8, upper isothermal body heater 10 and lower isothermal body heater 13.Temperature element difference detection reaction pipe 1 in temperature tube 2 and the temperature tube 5 and the temperature of insulating jacket 3 interior media need not the outside heating element heater of tandem control.In the use procedure, the valve of heat-conducting medium overflow outlet is in open mode all the time, expands in order to heat-conducting medium.Reactor is opened the valve of the mouth of pipe 6 and is discharged heat medium before being converted to the adiabatic reactor use by isothermal reactor, by blow valve port introducing steam or other purge gas chuck is cleaned out.
If only be used for adiabatic reaction, the design of reactor can further be simplified, and as shown in Figure 2, temperature tube 5 and the mouth of pipe 6 of insulating jacket 3 can omit.
Claims (3)
1. middle-size and small-size adiabatic reactor, it is characterized in that, comprise reaction tube (1), the import of process stream and outlet lay respectively at the top and bottom of reaction tube (1), the in-built temperature tube of reaction tube (1) (2), the insulating jacket of peripheral hardware vacuum-pumping (3), occasionally Thermistor Temperature Measurement element of at least one thermoelectricity is arranged in the temperature tube (2), insulating jacket (3) and reaction tube (1) up and down weld the first temperature element (c) and the second temperature element (d) are set respectively, at least again establish a temperature element at reaction tube (1) middle part, the top section in side of insulating jacket (3) leaves the mouth of pipe (7), the outside is provided with sidewall heater (8) and heat-insulation layer (9), the number of the temperature control hop count of sidewall heater (8) and reaction tube (1) middle part temperature element is suitable, be respectively equipped with isothermal body (11) outside the top of insulating jacket (3) and the bottom, lower isothermal body (14) and upper heat-insulation layer (12), lower heat-insulation layer (15), upper isothermal body (11) and lower isothermal body (14) contact with upper surface and the lower surface of insulating jacket (3) respectively, and fit closely with all contact-making surfaces of reaction tube (1) and insulating jacket (3), in upper isothermal body (11), be provided with the 3rd temperature element (C) and upper heater (10), in lower isothermal body (14), be provided with the 4th temperature element (D) and lower heater (13), wherein, the break-make of the first temperature element (c) tandem control upper heater (10), the break-make of the lower heater (13) of the second temperature element (d) tandem control, carrying out reaction tube turnover material place internal and external temperature follows the tracks of, outside heater temperature control section corresponding to each middle part temperature element tandem control carried out insulating jacket both sides temperature and followed the tracks of.
2. a kind of middle-size and small-size adiabatic reactor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described insulating jacket (3), be provided with the second temperature tube (5), in the second temperature tube (5), be provided with at least one temperature element, leave the mouth of pipe (6) in the bottom of described insulating jacket (3), the mouth of pipe (6) is as heat medium emptying and the outlet of chuck inner chamber sweep gas, and when isothermal reaction, the chuck inner chamber (4) of insulating jacket (3) is in the state of filling heat medium.
3. a kind of middle-size and small-size adiabatic reactor as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, described insulating jacket (3) inner surface is carried out electropolishing or electroplating processes.
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| CN 201010531908 CN101961628B (en) | 2010-11-04 | 2010-11-04 | Small and medium heat-insulating reactor |
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| CN102878823B (en) * | 2011-07-11 | 2015-09-09 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | For simulating the autocontrol method of heat insulation furnace |
| CN102441358A (en) * | 2011-09-26 | 2012-05-09 | 天津市鹏翔科技有限公司 | Three-layer three-temperature surface heat insulation furnace |
| CN104569047B (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2019-01-11 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Insulation tracking device for specific heat of solid and heat metrological standard unit |
| EP3452632B1 (en) * | 2016-05-03 | 2020-07-08 | Tata Steel Nederland Technology B.V. | Method to control the temperature of an electromagnetic pump |
| CN106248728A (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2016-12-21 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Experiment of Thermophysics thermal balance environment automaton and control method thereof |
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| CN107421803B (en) * | 2017-06-14 | 2020-09-08 | 合肥工业大学 | Aluminum alloy compression deformation device with controllable temperature and strain rate and testing method |
| CN109211422B (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2020-07-28 | 中国计量大学 | Use method of simulation experiment device based on coal gasifier outer wall temperature monitoring |
| CN109405999B (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2020-11-10 | 中国计量大学 | Simulation experiment device for monitoring temperature change of outer wall of coal gasifier |
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| US6896041B2 (en) * | 2001-08-14 | 2005-05-24 | H2Gen Innovations, Inc. | Heat exchange reactor having integral housing assembly |
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| US4542252A (en) * | 1984-07-20 | 1985-09-17 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Multi-stage adiabatic process for methanol conversion to light olefins |
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