CN101946728B - High-yield large-scale breeding method carried out by scientifically utilizing autumn cannon-head macrobrachium nipponense larvae - Google Patents
High-yield large-scale breeding method carried out by scientifically utilizing autumn cannon-head macrobrachium nipponense larvae Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-yield large-scale breeding method carried out by scientifically utilizing autumn cannon-head macrobrachium nipponense larvae, belonging to the field of aquaculture science. The high-yield large-scale breeding method comprises the following steps of: breeding after macrobrachium nipponense parents in different local water areas are collected in March-April of the current year; starting to fish cannon-head macrobrachium nipponense with larger sizes in batches for sparse breeding in different ponds after female shrimps brood and incubate to generate a large quantity of the larvae in mid-June-July, wherein the cannon-head macrobrachium nipponense sparsely bred in the different ponds start to achieve sexual maturity and brood and incubate autumn larvae in mid-August-September; breeding by utilizing the incubated autumn larvae; and fishing large macrobrachium nipponense and remaining small macrobrachium nipponense during a breeding period, and lasting to about May of the coming year. The invention can effectively carry out the breeding by utilizing the autumn macrobrachium nipponense larvae, and enhances the total output of the macrobrachium nipponense by more than 20 percent, the proportion of large-size macrobrachium nipponense by more than 10 percent and the breeding benefit by more than 15 percent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of scientific utilization big gun in autumn head freshwater shrimp seedling and carry out the big specification cultural technique of high yield, relate to a kind of cultural method of economic freshwater shrimps.
Background technology
Freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium nipponeuse), the formal name used at school Japanese macrobrachium supernbum is under the jurisdiction of Arthropoda, Crustachia, Decapoda, and Palaemonidae, pond crayfish belong to.Shrimp culture has that market prospects are good, technology is simple to operate, starts small investment, production cost is low, economic benefit is than advantages such as height, and freshwater shrimp fine and tender taste, delicious flavour, nutritious, be subjected to consumer's favor deeply, market sale is contained for a long time and is not waned, more than 20 ten thousand tons of China's shrimp culture annual productions at present.But along with the continuous expansion of culturing scale, the improving constantly of intensification degree, the economic benefit of shrimp culture is but more and more lower, reason is to culture the freshwater shrimp germplasm to degenerate, sexual maturity is done sth. in advance, and individuality diminishes, and the listing rate is low, the economic characters variation, anti-adversity ability weakens, and disease increases, and culture benefit has a declining tendency, seriously restricted the development of shrimp culture industry, pressed for the shrimp culture production technology is optimized.
At present the freshwater shrimp parental source has following 3 kinds of approach: the one, plant (family) catch stay greatly little, the shrimp that stays as the breeding follow-on parent, the problem that this method exists is to cause reverse selection, simultaneously do not consider to stay parent's affiliation again, breeding causes the inbreeding phenomenon very serious together, caused that thus the freshwater shrimp germplasm degeneration of culturing is more and more serious, outstanding behaviours is slow in growth, sex premature, causes the economic characters variation.The 2nd, from other waters such as introduction freshwater shrimp parents such as Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake, Taihu Lake, Chaohu, Hongchehu Lake carry out, replace the long local domestic breed of culturing time, existing problems are that the parent is difficult for transportation, loses higherly, cost is big, popularization difficulty height.The 3rd, carry out the collection of germ plasm resource, set up the freshwater shrimp germplasm resource bank, utilize technology such as traditional seed selection, selection cross, molecular mark, filter out the colony that is fit to local breed, carry out fine-variety breeding.The problem practical operation difficulty that exists, the kind of improvement may exist heredity unstable, and parent's quantity is restricted etc.
The freshwater shrimp early sexual maturity, fertility is strong, but 4 annual～September equal egg reproductions.Numerous seedling of a large amount of autumns and close shrimp that autumn, oogenesis produced strive food, strive the space, will inevitably the mutual restriction growth, and rise to the end of the year and to catch when going on the market, the descendants shrimp accounts for significant proportion, and the commercial sized prawn specification is difficult to raising, and very inhomogeneous.Therefore controlling the excessive autumn of freshwater shrimp numerous is to improve the freshwater shrimp commodity rate, increase one of means of culturing economic benefit.Control numerous measure of excessive autumn of freshwater shrimp at present effectively mainly contains to be purchased high-quality seedling, control pond water temperature, control and changes the waterside number, postpones and put the seedling time, the limewash of splashing, control pond water quality, take means such as supporting silver carp bighead kind, bad assurance in actual production, effect is little.
Summary of the invention
The present invention will solve is exactly the problem that above-mentioned prior art exists, and provides the freshwater shrimp parent who utilizes local different waters to breed seed, selects autumn big gun head freshwater shrimp seedling branch pond and cultivate numerous seedling and produce the production technology of big specification freshwater shrimp.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Cultivate after the freshwater shrimp parent collection of 3-4 month with different waters, this locality then; Female shrimp oogenesis hatching in mid-June-July beginning occurs behind a large amount of young and fishes in batches that the bigger big gun head shrimp branch pond of specification is rare supports; The rare foster big gun head shrimp in branch pond begins to reach sexual maturity and oogenesis hatches Qiu Miao in mid-August-September; The autumn seedling that utilization hatches is cultured; Catch during the breed and stay for a short time greatly, and last till before and after May in the coming year.
Concrete steps comprise:
1) in 3-4 month then, the freshwater shrimp parent who gathers local waters carries out the special pond of mating and cultivates, and requires as follows:
A water source, water quality
Have abundant water resources, it is pure and fresh to reach upstream, water source water quality in the culturing area, the pollutant that unmatchful breeding environment constitutes a threat to, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, advance draining separately, filter during water inlet; Water quality index should meet the regulation of NY5051;
The b pond condition
Every mouthful of pond, seed breeding pond area 667m2～2000m2, the depth of water is advisable with 1.0m; Mud 10cm～15cm at the bottom of the pond, slope, the ridge, the pool is than 1: 2.0～2.5; Bottom material of pond for breeding meets the regulation of GB/T18407.4-2001;
The c sterilization of cleaning up the pond
The pond is drained Chi Shui, is removed mud before shrimp species are put in a suitable place to breed, tan by the sun more than the 7d; Do pool sterilization, during sterilization, the quicklime consumption is 75kg/667m2～100kg/667m
2, during use, earlier quicklime is melted in Xiao Chi, the horse back full pool spilling head, effective drug duration is 7d～10d;
D parent shrimp standard and putting in a suitable place to breed
The parent shrimp requires physically fit, and is movable strong, irritant reaction sensitivity to external world, and male shrimp 〉=4g/ tail, female shrimp 〉=3.5g/ tail, female-male proportion is 3: 1; Parent shrimp breeding density 80-100 tail/m
2
The e fertilising
Put in a suitable place to breed preceding 7 days close shrimp, use the fertilizer through the fermentation slaking, the quicklime that adds 1%～2% fertilizer amount during fermentation is disinfected, and fertilizing amount is 100kg/667m
2± 5%;
The f bait throwing in
Adopt soya-bean milk rich water seedling method: hatch back 2d～3d at freshwater shrimp Magna zoea larva, the shrimp seedling begins to ingest; At this moment, every 667m
2Use 1.5kg～2.5kg soya bean defibrination every day, filtered through gauze, the back full pool spilling head removes slag; Sprinkled slurry 2～3 times in one day, be 5h～6h each blanking time, the soya-bean milk that a Zhou Houke throws something and feeds and do not filter; After seeing young shrimp, can add a spot of manufactured feed broken material;
The g regulating and controlling water quality
Grow seedlings 7 days initial stages, pool water level keeps 80cm ± 5%, annotates filtered new water once every 2d～3d later on, adds water 15cm ± 5% at every turn; Between nursery stage, use quicklime one time, concentration is 10mg/L;
2) mid-June-July, the seed that breeds is fished for wherein the big gun head shrimp seedling of big specification in batches and carries out that the branch pond is rare supports after cultivating 20-45 days, and density is at 30,000 tails/667m
2Below;
3) rare foster big gun head shrimp seedling carries out the second generation from numerous self-fertile, requires as follows:
A water source, water quality
Require same step 1);
The b pond condition
Area 667m
2More than, depth of water 0.8m～1.5m, mud 10cm～15cm at the bottom of the pond, slope, the ridge, the pool is than 1: 2.0～2.5; Bottom material of pond for breeding should meet the regulation of GB/T18407.4-2001;
The plantation of c water plants
Water plants is based on Alternanthera philoxeroides, and the plantation area accounts for 30% ± 5% of shrimp pool area, in the cultivation all around along the pond from 1.3～1.7m place, the ridge, the pool; Before the shrimp seedling is put in a suitable place to breed, plant and finish;
The d sterilization of cleaning up the pond
Require same step 1);
The e feeding and management
Feeding quality meets the regulation of GB 13078 and NY 5072; It is 3%～5% of pond shrimp body weight that manufactured feed day is thrown the amount of raising; Be provided with in the pond throw raise observation platform several, each amount of raising of throwing was eaten up to degree with feed on the observation platform in 2 hours, threw 30% ± 5% of total amount the morning, threw 70% ± 5% of total amount afternoon; Divide every day secondary to throw something and feed, 8 o'clock～9 o'clock morning, once 17 o'clock～18 o'clock afternoon once; The place, shoal throws something and feeds around along the pond, and the position is raised in the throwing on daytime can be deeply, and evening can be more shallow; An amount of few throwing the in the pond;
The f water quality adjustment
During the breed, July～September high temperature season, every about 7 days or water transparency below 25cm, should add and renew water; All the other times are every the once new water of filling in 15 days to month, each 15cm～20cm, and suitably discharge old water at the bottom of the pond; The shrimp pool is every 15d～20d quicklime of splashing, and consumption is 10kg/667m
2
The g fertilising
When shrimp pool water quality transparency more than 40cm, use the fertilizer fermented, consumption is 50kg/667m
2± 5%;
H oxygenation
The i prevention and cure of shrimp disease
Every 13～17 days breeding water body is used 1mg/L～1.5mg/L bleaching powder or 20mg/L lime disinfection once, remove every day and throw the residual bait of raising on the observation platform, and raise observation platform with 10mg/L bleaching powder immersion throwing and sterilize; In case freshwater shrimp is ill in the discovery pond, accurately diagnose its illness immediately, the treatment in time of suiting the remedy to the case then, fishing medicine using method is abideed by the regulation of NY5071 and is carried out;
4) mid-August-September, big gun head shrimp seedling breeding two generation seed carry out the big specification freshwater shrimp of breeding production, for a source quality, b pond condition, the plantation of c water plants, d clean up the pond that sterilization, e feeding and management, f water quality adjustment, g are applied fertilizer, h oxygenation and i prevention and cure of shrimp disease require same step 3);
5) catch and stay the little freshwater shrimp that promptly reaches the above commercial specification of 4cm/ tail to fish for listing greatly, and the following shrimp of 4cm/ tail continues to support temporarily draining in the coming year and does the pool and fish for.
The usefulness mesh is the net sheet filtration less than 0.56mm (40 order) when intaking in the step 1).
Step 3), 4) method of oxygenation is in, and generally to adopt power be 1.1 kilowatts paddle aerator to aerator in the shrimp pool, and it is 3KW/6670m2 that the pond is equipped with power, the using priciple of pool oxygenation machine is for opening fine noon, open early morning at cloudy day, and a run of wet weather is opened midnight, and muggy weather is opened whole night.
In the step 3), big gun head shrimp seedling breeding density is lower than conventional seedbed system density.
In the step 4), when the juvenile prawn that breeds when big gun head shrimp moves about in the waterside in a large number, can begin to fish for out close shrimp this moment and sell, the shrimp seedling carries out big specification and cultures.
In the step 5), big gun head shrimp seed is cultured after 45 days and fishes for, and lasts till before and after May in the coming year.
Step 1), 2), 3), 4) and 5) be continuous process.
The present invention can effectively utilize freshwater shrimp autumn seedling and carry out breed, improves the freshwater shrimp gross yield more than 20%, and the ratio that improves big specification shrimp increases culture benefit more than 15% more than 10%.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment:
Scientific utilization big gun in autumn head freshwater shrimp seedling carries out the big specification cultural method of high yield, and step is
1) in 3-4 month then, the freshwater shrimp parent who gathers local waters carries out the special pond of mating and cultivates, and requires as follows:
A water source, water quality
Have abundant water resources, it is pure and fresh to reach upstream, water source water quality in the culturing area, the pollutant that unmatchful breeding environment constitutes a threat to, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, advance draining separately, filter during water inlet; Water quality index should meet the regulation of NY5051;
The b pond condition
Every mouthful of pond, seed breeding pond area 667m2～2000m2, the depth of water is advisable with 1.0m; Mud 10cm～15cm at the bottom of the pond, slope, the ridge, the pool is than 1: 2.0～2.5; Bottom material of pond for breeding meets the regulation of GB/T18407.4-2001;
The c sterilization of cleaning up the pond
The pond is drained Chi Shui, is removed mud before shrimp species are put in a suitable place to breed, tan by the sun more than the 7d; Do pool sterilization, during sterilization, the quicklime consumption is 75kg/667m2～100kg/667m
2, during use, earlier quicklime is melted in Xiao Chi, the horse back full pool spilling head, effective drug duration is 7d～10d;
D parent shrimp standard and putting in a suitable place to breed
The parent shrimp requires physically fit, and is movable strong, irritant reaction sensitivity to external world, and male shrimp 〉=4g/ tail, female shrimp 〉=3.5g/ tail, female-male proportion is 3: 1; Parent shrimp breeding density 80-100 tail/m
2
The e fertilising
Put in a suitable place to breed preceding 7 days close shrimp, use the fertilizer through the fermentation slaking, the quicklime that adds 1%～2% fertilizer amount during fermentation is disinfected, and fertilizing amount is 100kg/667m
2± 5%;
The f bait throwing in
Adopt soya-bean milk rich water seedling method: hatch back 2d～3d at freshwater shrimp Magna zoea larva, the shrimp seedling begins to ingest; At this moment, every 667m
2Use 1.5kg～2.5kg soya bean defibrination every day, filtered through gauze, the back full pool spilling head removes slag; Sprinkled slurry 2～3 times in one day, be 5h～6h each blanking time, the soya-bean milk that a Zhou Houke throws something and feeds and do not filter; After seeing young shrimp, can add a spot of manufactured feed broken material;
The g regulating and controlling water quality
Grow seedlings 7 days initial stages, pool water level keeps 80cm ± 5%, annotates filtered new water once every 2d～3d later on, adds water 15cm ± 5% at every turn; Between nursery stage, use quicklime one time, concentration is 10mg/L;
2) mid-June-July, the seed that breeds is fished for wherein the big gun head shrimp seedling of big specification in batches and carries out that the branch pond is rare supports after cultivating 20-45 days, and density is at 30,000 tails/667m
2Below;
3) rare foster big gun head shrimp seedling carries out the second generation from numerous self-fertile, requires as follows:
A water source, water quality
Require same step 1);
The b pond condition
Area 667m
2More than, depth of water 0.8m～1.5m, mud 10cm～15cm at the bottom of the pond, slope, the ridge, the pool is than 1: 2.0～2.5; Bottom material of pond for breeding should meet the regulation of GB/T18407.4-2001;
The plantation of c water plants
Water plants is based on Alternanthera philoxeroides, and the plantation area accounts for 30% ± 5% of shrimp pool area, in the cultivation all around along the pond from 1.3～1.7m place, the ridge, the pool; Before the shrimp seedling is put in a suitable place to breed, plant and finish;
The d sterilization of cleaning up the pond
Require same step 1);
The e feeding and management
Feeding quality meets the regulation of GB 13078 and NY 5072; It is 3%～5% of pond shrimp body weight that manufactured feed day is thrown the amount of raising; Be provided with in the pond throw raise observation platform several, each amount of raising of throwing was eaten up to degree with feed on the observation platform in 2 hours, threw 30% ± 5% of total amount the morning, threw 70% ± 5% of total amount afternoon; Divide every day secondary to throw something and feed, 8 o'clock～9 o'clock morning, once 17 o'clock～18 o'clock afternoon once; The place, shoal throws something and feeds around along the pond, and the position is raised in the throwing on daytime can be deeply, and evening can be more shallow; An amount of few throwing the in the pond;
The f water quality adjustment
During the breed, July～September high temperature season, every about 7 days or water transparency below 25cm, should add and renew water; All the other times are every the once new water of filling in 15 days to month, each 15cm～20cm, and suitably discharge old water at the bottom of the pond; The shrimp pool is every 15d～20d quicklime of splashing, and consumption is 10kg/667m
2
The g fertilising
When shrimp pool water quality transparency more than 40cm, use the fertilizer fermented, consumption is 50kg/667m
2± 5%;
H oxygenation
The i prevention and cure of shrimp disease
Every 13～17 days breeding water body is used 1mg/L～1.5mg/L bleaching powder or 20mg/L lime disinfection once, remove every day and throw the residual bait of raising on the observation platform, and raise observation platform with 10mg/L bleaching powder immersion throwing and sterilize; In case freshwater shrimp is ill in the discovery pond, accurately diagnose its illness immediately, the treatment in time of suiting the remedy to the case then, fishing medicine using method is abideed by the regulation of NY5071 and is carried out;
4) mid-August-September, big gun head shrimp seedling breeding two generation seed carry out the big specification freshwater shrimp of breeding production, for a source quality, b pond condition, the plantation of c water plants, d clean up the pond that sterilization, e feeding and management, f water quality adjustment, g are applied fertilizer, h oxygenation and i prevention and cure of shrimp disease require same step 3);
5) catch and stay the little freshwater shrimp that promptly reaches the above commercial specification of 4cm/ tail to fish for listing greatly, and the following shrimp of 4cm/ tail continues to support temporarily draining in the coming year and does the pool and fish for.
The usefulness mesh is the net sheet filtration less than 0.56mm (40 order) when intaking in the step 1).
Step 3), 4) method of oxygenation is in, and generally to adopt power be 1.1 kilowatts paddle aerator to aerator in the shrimp pool, and it is 3KW/6670m2 that the pond is equipped with power, the using priciple of pool oxygenation machine is for opening fine noon, open early morning at cloudy day, and a run of wet weather is opened midnight, and muggy weather is opened whole night.
In the step 3), big gun head shrimp seedling breeding density is lower than conventional seedbed system density.
In the step 4), when the juvenile prawn that breeds when big gun head shrimp moves about in the waterside in a large number, can begin to fish for out close shrimp this moment and sell, the shrimp seedling carries out big specification and cultures.
In the step 5), big gun head shrimp seed is cultured after 45 days and fishes for, and lasts till before and after May in the coming year.
Description of test:
The collection transportation of the good close shrimp in local different waters
At Jiangsu Province Nanjing Inst. of Aquatic Products Science week hilllock freshwater shrimp breeding field, be ready to 4 mouthfuls in the shrimp culture pond of cleaning up the pond through quicklime, area is respectively 2300m
2About.Stifled good delivery port, water inlet mesh are that the screen cloth of 0.2cm filters, and prevent that the freshwater shrimp young and harmful organisms from entering.The close inspection quarantine measures guarantee the germplasm purity of each colony freshwater shrimp.* * year 1-2 month, gather the parent to the Changjiang river Nanjing section, the Qinhuaihe River, Gu Cheng lake and stone mortar lake, specification is 600-1000 tail/kg.Concrete condition is as follows: (1) the Changjiang river Nanjing section freshwater shrimp, fish for from winning the pool, pass completely; (2) Qinhuaihe River freshwater shrimp is fished for from the Nanjing Jiangning District; (3) Gu Cheng lake freshwater shrimp, one band is fished for from the Gaochun County, Nanjing; (4) stone mortar lake freshwater shrimp, Lishui County fishes for from Nanjing.
The freshwater shrimp parent that different waters are gathered transports by the layering of running water car net cell, and water tank is made of fiberglass, net every iron frame be 100cm * 50cm * 15cm, be that the close net of 0.2～0.3cm seals with the aperture, have square to fasten above.Water tank bottom has blowing aeration equipment, uses oxygen cylinder oxygenation, make each layer net every in enough dissolved oxygens are arranged.After putting into close shrimp, net is in stacking the water tank that is immersed in the shipment freshwater shrimp successively one by one, and the water surface should be higher than last layer net every 5～10cm in the case.Every net cell can be put close shrimp 3～10kg, puts in a suitable place to breed respectively in ready 4 mouthfuls of ponds, cultures, breeds.Note two key factors of oxygen and temperature in transit.Parent's transport operation is careful, and avoids the parent injured as far as possible, carries out adequate preparation before the transportation, and haulage time is no more than 2 hours as far as possible.
The growth test of local different waters parent shrimp seed
In * * on June 5,, four colony freshwater shrimp seedling are respectively fished for 200 tails put into 1.5m * 1.5m * 1.5m (length * wide * height) net cage.Pond, net cage place area 3300m
2, mean depth of water 2.0m.Put a little weter hyacinths on the net cage water surface, area accounts for 25% of net cage.Each case identical feed of throwing something and feeding, feeding volume, time, number of times is according to water temperature and freshwater shrimp ingests and growing state is regulated, and accomplishes each case cultivating condition unanimity.Often observe and have or not disease, prevention in time.
When raising 20d, 45d, 75d and 90d in net cage, each colony randomly draws 30 tail freshwater shrimps respectively, measures its long and body weight of body, and the long vernier caliper measurement that adopts of body is accurate to 0.2mm, and body weight electronic scale weighing is accurate to 0.001g.At 90d each net cage is survived freshwater shrimp and count, be calculated to be motility rate, and the freshwater shrimp of each net cage is weighed, as gross yield.Experimental session writes down the water temperature and the dissolved oxygen in pond, net cage place every day, observes variation of water simultaneously, prevents anoxic.The result shows, and is through the raising of 90d, the fastest with the Changjiang river Nanjing section freshwater shrimp population growth.
Fishing for of big gun head shrimp seedling
About the early and middle ten days in July, the freshwater shrimp juvenile prawn is through the cultivation of 45d～50d then, and great majority can grow to 1.5cm～2.0cm, and general every 667m2 freshwater shrimp seed reaches 800,000 tails～900,000 tails, wherein has part shrimp seedling body length can reach more than the 3cm, is called big gun head shrimp.It is excessive that this moment, the shrimp amount was carried in the pond, big specification big gun head shrimp can be fished for, counts and the numerous breed in the branch pool.
Fine early morning is selected in fishing for of oppossum shrimp, adopts the triangle trawlnet that 40 orders～50 order polyethylene burlaps are made, on the pasture and water limit or the pond periphery copy repeatedly and catch, draw in the net speed slowly and evenly, when receiving net action brisk, in time drag for and remove foreign material in the net.When the shrimp seedling was fished for, it is slow that action is wanted, and is strictly on guard against that the shrimp seedling pastes net, causes shrimp seedling death by suffocation.The shrimp seedling rises when catching, and will remove pond weeds, floating thing all around in advance, reduces water level, and avoids the shelling phase.Big gun head shrimp seedling is difficult for all drawing clean, can draw in the net repeatedly several times every 2-3 days, picks up with hand after dragging at every turn again, requires operation to want careful, and action is light and handy, avoids damaging the freshwater shrimp appendage.Pick up the shrimp seedling of fishing for and be placed on pure and fresh the supporting temporarily in the net cage of preprepared water quality, start oxygen increasing equipment, treat the shrimp seedling mud of draining, the normal back of shrimp body counting, transportation, divide the pool, otherwise can cause the large quantities of death of shrimp seedling.Overall process adheres to being with the water operation, in order to avoid injury shrimp seedling, can be according to the shrimp shoot survival percent of normal running program up to 98%.
Utilizing big gun head shrimp autumn seedling to carry out big specification cultures
The freshwater shrimp big gun head shrimp seedling of fishing for from the freshwater shrimp nursery pond about mid-July is rendered in the off-the-shelf breed pool, throws in 5kg for average every mu, the average specification 3～4cm of shrimp seedling, 800～1000 tails/kg, and neat specification, anosis nothing is hindered, and puts into the pond after trying the water.The time of putting in a suitable place to breed carries out when should select fine early morning or cloudy day not sultry.To 8～September, breed through about 1-2 month, big gun head shrimp grows up and reaches sexual maturity and mate and oviposit, the shrimp seedling that occurs hatching in a large number is the autumn seedling, this batch shrimp seedling begins growth under the temperature that is fit to, can reach the listing specification through 2 months breed some freshwater shrimps before and after the November, catch and stay for a short time greatly with getting rid of cage, the freshwater shrimp of 2～2.5cm specification can be used as and put seed (general 667m 1 year spring in a suitable place to breed in the end of the year
2Put 30,000～50,000 tails) or continue to culture May in the coming year, during catch and stay for a short time greatly, concentrate at last and do the pool and sell.The freshwater shrimp that the numerous seedling of big gun head shrimp is formed, water temperature is low when growth, results, and Qiu Miao is effectively controlled and freshwater shrimp goes on the market, and specification is big, can or concentrate listing according to the market conditions batch, can obtain higher culturing economic benefit.
To control in the breeding process that pasture and water are numerous to prolong, unsuitable overstocked, summer high-temperature season particularly, some putrefactive pasture and water kind will in time be handled, in order to avoid destroy water quality, the transparency of Chi Shui should be controlled at about 30cm, change water and will accomplish " advancing for a short time for a short time ", avoid disposable " importing and exporting on a big scale ", prevent that nutrient runs off.The common disease of freshwater shrimp has balantidiasis, saprolegniasis, gill rot etc.Will be to put prevention first, every 15d～20d quicklime full pool spilling head 1 time, every 667m
2Consumption 10kg～30kg, every 20d～30d BCDMH full pool spilling head 1 time, preventive effect is remarkable.
Claims (9)
1. scientific utilization big gun in an autumn head freshwater shrimp seedling carries out the big specification cultural method of high yield, it is characterized in that comprising step:
1) in 3-4 month then, the freshwater shrimp parent who gathers local waters carries out the special pond of mating and cultivates, and requires as follows:
A water source, water quality
Have abundant water resources, it is pure and fresh to reach upstream, water source water quality in the culturing area, the pollutant that unmatchful breeding environment constitutes a threat to, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, advance draining separately, filter during water inlet; Water quality index should meet the regulation of NY5051;
The b pond condition
Every mouthful of pond, seed breeding pond area 667m
2～2000m
2, the depth of water is 1.0m; Mud 10cm～15cm at the bottom of the pond, slope, the ridge, the pool is than 1: (2.0～2.5); Bottom material of pond for breeding meets the regulation of GB/T18407.4-2001;
The c sterilization of cleaning up the pond
The pond is drained Chi Shui, is removed mud before shrimp species are put in a suitable place to breed, tan by the sun more than the 7d; Do pool sterilization, during sterilization, the quicklime consumption is 75kg/667m
2～100kg/667m
2, during use, earlier quicklime is melted in Xiao Chi, the horse back full pool spilling head, effective drug duration is 7d～10d;
D parent shrimp standard and putting in a suitable place to breed
The parent shrimp requires physically fit, and is movable strong, irritant reaction sensitivity to external world, and male shrimp 〉=4g/ tail, female shrimp 〉=3.5g/ tail, female-male proportion is 3: 1; Parent shrimp breeding density 80-100 tail/m
2
The e fertilising
Put in a suitable place to breed preceding 7 days close shrimp, use the fertilizer through the fermentation slaking, the quicklime that adds 1%～2% fertilizer amount during fermentation is disinfected every 667m
2Fertilizing amount is 100kg ± 5%;
The f bait throwing in
Adopt soya-bean milk rich water seedling method: hatch back 2d～3d at freshwater shrimp Magna zoea larva, the shrimp seedling begins to ingest; At this moment, every 667m
2Use 1.5kg～2.5kg soya bean defibrination every day, filtered through gauze, the back full pool spilling head removes slag; Sprinkled slurry 2～3 times in one day, be 5h～6h each blanking time, the soya-bean milk of throwing something and feeding and not filtering after the week; After seeing young shrimp, add a spot of manufactured feed broken material;
The g regulating and controlling water quality
Grow seedlings 7 days initial stages, pool water level keeps 80cm ± 5%, annotates filtered new water once every 2d～3d later on, adds water 15cm ± 5% at every turn; Between nursery stage, use quicklime one time, concentration is 10mg/L;
2) mid-June-July, the seed that breeds is fished for wherein the big gun head shrimp seedling of big specification in batches and carries out that the branch pond is rare supports after cultivating 20-45 days, and density is at 30,000 tails/667m
2Below;
3) rare foster big gun head shrimp seedling carries out the second generation from numerous self-fertile, requires as follows:
A water source, water quality
Require same step 1);
The b pond condition
Area 667m
2More than, depth of water 0.8m～1.5m, mud 10cm～15cm at the bottom of the pond, slope, the ridge, the pool is than 1: (2.0～2.5); Bottom material of pond for breeding should meet the regulation of GB/T18407.4-2001;
The plantation of c water plants
Water plants is based on Alternanthera philoxeroides, and the plantation area accounts for 30% ± 5% of shrimp pool area, in the cultivation all around along the pond from 1.3～1.7m place, the ridge, the pool; Before the shrimp seedling is put in a suitable place to breed, plant and finish;
The d sterilization of cleaning up the pond
Require same step 1);
The e feeding and management
Feeding quality meets the regulation of GB 13078 and NY 5072; It is 3%～5% of pond shrimp body weight that manufactured feed day is thrown the amount of raising; Be provided with in the pond throw raise observation platform several, each amount of raising of throwing was eaten up to degree with feed on the observation platform in 2 hours, threw 30% ± 5% of total amount the morning, threw 70% ± 5% of total amount afternoon; Divide every day secondary to throw something and feed, 8 o'clock～9 o'clock morning, once 17 o'clock～18 o'clock afternoon once; The place, shoal throws something and feeds around along the pond, throws daytime and raises the position deeply, and evening is more shallow; An amount of few throwing the in the pond;
The f water quality adjustment
During the breed, July～September high temperature season, every about 7 days or water transparency below 25cm, should add and renew water; All the other times are every the once new water of filling in 15 days to month, each 15cm～20cm, and suitably discharge old water at the bottom of the pond; The shrimp pool is every 15d～20d quicklime of splashing, and consumption is 10kg/667m
2
The g fertilising
When shrimp pool water quality transparency more than 40cm, use the fertilizer fermented, every 667m
2Consumption is 50kg ± 5%;
H oxygenation
The i prevention and cure of shrimp disease
Every 13～17 days breeding water body is used 1mg/L～1.5mg/L bleaching powder or 20mg/L lime disinfection once, remove every day and throw the residual bait of raising on the observation platform, and raise observation platform with 10mg/L bleaching powder immersion throwing and sterilize; In case freshwater shrimp is ill in the discovery pond, accurately diagnose its illness immediately, the treatment in time of suiting the remedy to the case then, fishing medicine using method is abideed by the regulation of NY5071 and is carried out;
4) mid-August-September, big gun head shrimp seedling breeding two generation seed carry out the big specification freshwater shrimp of breeding production, for
A source quality, b pond condition, the plantation of c water plants, d clean up the pond that sterilization, e feeding and management, f water quality adjustment, g are applied fertilizer, h oxygenation and i prevention and cure of shrimp disease require same step 3);
5) catch and stay the little freshwater shrimp that promptly reaches the above commercial specification of 4cm/ tail to fish for listing greatly, and the following shrimp of 4cm/ tail continues to support temporarily draining in the coming year and does the pool and fish for.
2. scientific utilization big gun in autumn head freshwater shrimp seedling as claimed in claim 1 carries out the big specification cultural method of high yield, and it is characterized in that: step 1) uses the freshwater shrimp parent from any two kinds in the Changjiang river Nanjing section, the Qinhuaihe River, Gu Cheng lake and the stone mortar lake; Parent's shrimp acquisition time is in 3-4 month then; The parent collects good back and adopts running water car net cell layering transportation, and haulage time is no more than 2 hours, prevents anoxic and solar radiation.
3. scientific utilization big gun in autumn head freshwater shrimp seedling as claimed in claim 1 carries out the big specification cultural method of high yield, it is characterized in that: step 2) in, when seeing that a large amount of juvenile prawns move about in the waterside, begin to carry out big gun head shrimp seedling and fish for; The big gun head shrimp seedling of big specification is meant the big gun head shrimp seedling of body length more than 2cm.
4. scientific utilization big gun in autumn head freshwater shrimp seedling as claimed in claim 1 carries out the big specification cultural method of high yield, it is characterized in that: filter for net sheet 40 orders less than 0.56mm with mesh when intaking in the step 1).
5. scientific utilization big gun in autumn head freshwater shrimp seedling as claimed in claim 1 carries out the big specification cultural method of high yield, it is characterized in that: the method for oxygenation is step 3), 4), aerator employing power is 1.1 kilowatts paddle aerator in the shrimp pool, and it is 3KW/6670 m that the pond is equipped with power
2, the using priciple of pool oxygenation machine is for opening fine noon, and open early morning at cloudy day, and a run of wet weather is opened midnight, and muggy weather is opened whole night.
6. scientific utilization big gun in autumn head freshwater shrimp seedling as claimed in claim 1 carries out the big specification cultural method of high yield, it is characterized in that: in the step 3), big gun head shrimp seedling breeding density is lower than conventional seedbed system density.
7. scientific utilization big gun in autumn head freshwater shrimp seedling as claimed in claim 1 carries out the big specification cultural method of high yield, it is characterized in that: in the step 4), when the juvenile prawn that breeds when big gun head shrimp moves about in the waterside in a large number, begin to fish for out close shrimp this moment and sell, the shrimp seedling carries out big specification and cultures.
8. scientific utilization big gun in autumn head freshwater shrimp seedling as claimed in claim 1 carries out the big specification cultural method of high yield, it is characterized in that: in the step 5), big gun head shrimp seed is cultured after 45 days and fishes for, and lasts till before and after May in the coming year.
9. scientific utilization big gun in the autumn head freshwater shrimp seedling of the method for claim 1 carries out the big specification cultural method of high yield, it is characterized in that step 1), 2), 3), 4) and 5) for continuous process.
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| CN102578010A (en) * | 2012-03-06 | 2012-07-18 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Water fertilization method for using fermented pigeon dung to cultivate food organisms for ornamental shrimps |
| CN102630621A (en) * | 2012-05-03 | 2012-08-15 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Method for rapidly fertilizing water for cultivating ornamental aquarium young animals |
| CN104412915A (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2015-03-18 | 袁生咬 | Healthful aquaculture technology for freshwater shrimps from young shrimp period to adult shrimp period |
| CN105165669B (en) * | 2015-07-27 | 2017-12-12 | 上海市水产研究所（上海市水产技术推广站） | A kind of high-efficient ecological cultivation method of freshwater shrimp |
| CN105815250A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-08-03 | 苏州市相城区阳澄湖镇剑成水产生态养殖专业合作社 | Method for artificially breeding metapenaeus ensis at high yield |
| CN110367161A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-10-25 | 上海海洋大学 | A kind of big specification breeding selection of cray |
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Non-Patent Citations (4)
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| 朱宝东.青虾池塘高效养殖技术.《科学养鱼》.1999,(第10期),第21-22页. * |
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