CN101926202B

CN101926202B - Device and method for indicating availability of one position of local service, and computer medium

Info

Publication number: CN101926202B
Application number: CN200880125565.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: M·莱蒂拉; S·维斯特里南
Original assignee: Nokia Siemens Networks Oy
Current assignee: Nokia Solutions and Networks Oy
Priority date: 2007-11-26
Filing date: 2008-11-26
Publication date: 2014-12-24
Anticipated expiration: 2028-11-26
Also published as: JP5314699B2; KR101126461B1; RU2447619C2; AU2008328876B2; WO2009068561A2; CA2706641A1; KR20100093096A; CN101926202A; RU2010125955A; CA2706641C; US20090156208A1; JP2011504716A; AU2008328876A1; WO2009068561A3; BRPI0819635A8; BRPI0819635A2; EP2229796A2

Abstract

Disclosed herein are apparatus, method, and computer program whereby a cellular network base station operates with closed subscriber group indicator indicating off. The cellular network base station transmits information to a user equipment indicating the availability of a local service area network at a location in which the user equipment is currently located.

Description

Instruction local service is at the equipment of the availability of a position, method and computer media

Technical field

Of the present invention exemplary and non-limiting example relates generally to wireless communication system, method, equipment and computer program, and be more specifically designed for the technology providing local network to access to user's set.

Background technology

The various abbreviations appeared in specification and/or accompanying drawing are defined as foloows:

3GPP third generation partner program

CSG closed subscriber group (closed subscriber group)

CN core network

ENB EUTRAN Node B (evolution Node B)

EPC evolution block core

EUTRAN evolution UTRAN

FDD Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD)

FDMA frequency division multiple access

GW gateway

HSS home subscriber system (home subscriber system)

IMS IP multimedia system

IP networking protocol

LAN local area network (LAN)

LTE Long Term Evolution

The advanced LTE (LTE-advanced) of LTE-A

MAC medium access control

MM mobile management

MME Mobility Management Entity

NAS Non-Access Stratum (non-access stratum)

Node B base station

OFDMA OFDM

PDCP PDCP

PDN packet data network

PLMN Public Mobile Network

RLC radio link controls

RRC radio resource controls

RRM provided for radio resources management

RSC retail patronage communication (retail sponsored communicat ion)

SAE System Architecture Evolution

SC-FDMA single-carrier frequency division multiple access

TA tracking area (tracking area)

UE user's set

UTRAN universal terrestrial radio electricity access network

Be called as in the current research and development be in 3GPP of proposed communication system of evolution UTRAN (EUTRAN is also referred to as UTRAN-LTE or EUTRA).Current work imagine is that DL access technology will be OFDMA and UL access technology will be SC-FDMA.

An interested specification relevant with EUTRAN is: 3GPP TS36.300, V8.2.0 (2007-09), 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Access Network (E-UTRAN); 0verall description; Stage2 (Release8) (3GPP TS36.300, V8.2.0 (2007-09), third generation partner program; Technical specification group radio access network; The access of Evolved Universal Terrestrial radio (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN); General description book; Stage 2 (version 8)).Annex (Annex) F of the document " Mobility and Access Control Requirements associated wi th Closed Subscriber Group (CSG) Cells " cherishes a special interest for description each embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 1 has reproduced Fig. 4 of 3GPP TS36.300 and the general frame of E-UTRAN system has been shown.E-UTRAN system comprises eNB, and described eNB provides E-UTRA user plane (PDCP/RLC/MAC/PHY) and control plane (RRC) protocol ends to UE.ENB is interconnected amongst one another by means of X2 interface.ENB is also connected to EPC by means of S1 interface, is more specifically connected to MME by means of S1-MME interface and is connected to gateway (S-GW) by means of S1-U interface.S1 interface supports the many-to-many relationship between MME/ gateway and eNB.

3GPP have selected LTE/SAE framework, and it is evolution based on 3G block core and is optimized to use the service from IMS, and this IMS is arranged near the centralized SAE Gw of provider domain.At present, be considered to secondary and non-optimal to the connectivity of the competitive open the Internet service from local or external packet-switched.

LTE radio is very competitive, and its high-throughput and low latency have and user end-to-end (e2e) experienced rise to the potentiality of those levels being similar to and experiencing in fixed broadband access.But, when LTE radio is coupled with " the long distance carrier wave model " selected in SAE framework, when wherein all-calls/service is all considered to " long distance ", e2e performance may suffer restraints because of distance (being first time in cellular network).

Suppose to provide Local Service/access by local service area being formed in cellular carrier networks (PLMN), namely they are especially supposed to be a part for Public Mobile Network due to the radio bands of the usage license.

3GPP RAN wG2 is current specifies Home Node B (HNB) and closed subscriber group (CSG) concept, wherein CSG cell/base station have by subscriber (the CSG owner) or rent.CSG network supposed to be built by HNB (such as " Femto (femto) " base station) and limited-service in only for having the subscriber of (one or more) HNB or those are by the subscriber of owner's granted access.

In local ip breakout (breakout) way, suppose that local service area can use all available network resource and be formed in the plmn Anywhere.Such as, the communication service having full service covering will require to be used in the common cell/base station of macro-layer and special Femto base station.But implement the restriction that this way will require the current 3GPP definition of the access control aspect of this area situation be omitted in for CSG concept definition.

" the Access Control for Closed Subscriber Groups " that can submit on October 9th, 2007 with reference to Ivan ore and Markus Dillinger in this own together and co-pending U.S. Provisional Patent Application number 60/993291.The document describes " open " CSG network, and wherein operator/CSG keeper allows to access guest member when needed.The disclosed use using new access into closed/opening (Closed/Open) mark in cell broadcasting system information to enable dedicated cell get back to common cell makes user be connected to CSG cell, such as be connected to Home NodeB, or be connected to the community network by being normally only used for private access built by multiple base station.

Utilize such " open access " of CSG cell to provide to use relatively inexpensive Home NodeB and the radio net planning of any control need not build the ability of the 3G/LTE network coverage.In order to avoid the interference to common cell, CSG network can be placed in different frequency layer, and this frequency layer belongs to the licensed band that operator has when 3G/LTE.

Another document interested submits on April 13rd, 2007 and is entitled as the Finnish patent application numbers 20075252 of " Method, radio system, mobile terminal and base station ".This application describes the concept of " local breakout service ", and wherein user's set detects local breakout service to the availability of Internet Protocol Gateway, starts network entry and configures its protocol stack based on the configuration data received from local breakout service.This local breakout service can be considered to be similar to the family E-Node B (Home E-Node B) and CSG cell that describe in above-mentioned 3GPP TS36.300 in some aspects.

Subscriber is added to its user's group by the registration owner of family E-Node B, and it is those members of the customer group being allowed to access CSG cell.Because one or more family e-Node B can be linked to form more than one CSG cell adjacent one another are, be that they are called CSG network easily.The network that CSG network is made up of one or more community, wherein access permission is managed by ultimate consumer at least in part.Those subscribers being registered as user group membership are CSG members.CSG member is wireless service (honeycomb) user being registered to CSG network by CSG keeper, and is just allowed to access CSG network once be registered.Those users or the equipment that are not registered to CSG are not allowed to access CSG network, have therefore just had this term of closed subscriber group.In CSG network, only the equipment (user's set or UE) of authorized license access CSG network can resident (camp) or be connected to this network.The example of CSG cell comprises family E-Node B (the LTE community bought by consumer), company community (community employed by company or have) and " business " community (community had by retail company, supermarket etc.).The responsibility of CSG keeper is that user is registered as CSG member.

Although CSG network can control and revise the subscriber forming its user group rapidly, access is limited to the subscriber of registration and closes other user.Wherein the process that is added as the CSG member of CSG network of user is generally as follows.CSG keeper adds the database of operator to IMSI/IMEI or telephone number; Operator is sent to user via NAS signaling the list of one or more CSG network identifier; And once user receives NAS information, user just becomes CSG member and is therefore allowed to access all communities belonging to identical CSG network identifier.

User group membership CSG network and other ' opening ' community (non-CSG cell, no matter they be E-UTRAN, UTRAN, GERAN or other) between mobility be also described in above-cited annex F to pay the utmost attention to its CSG network when user group membership is in the scope of CSG network compared with other community.In this way, CSG concept expands the overall coverage range of public non-close network, although only for user group membership.

The concept of CSG network may be considered to useful under the background of company or campus or retail shop.Company or university allow its employee/student, and by they being registered in suitable user's group, with limit, other people hitchhike and freely or at low cost access CSG in service.Ad hoc (from group) basis adds these groups to member, and such as accessing speaker or professor, is not a difficult problem, because these add generally will be only accidental.

On the other hand enterprise may wish to its client provide free or the access of low cost to attract them and to encourage them to stay the long period and may the more how regular product of Ou Mai enterprise or service.Such as, restaurant or coffee shop may prefer to its client provide free or the linking Internet of low cost so that they select this shop and once just stay the long period there compared with competitor.

Summary of the invention

First embodiment of invention is a kind of method, and the method comprises: operation cellular network base station, and this cellular network base station has the closed subscriber group designator that (off) is closed in instruction; And transmission information to user's set with the availability of instruction at the local service area network of the current residing position of user's set.

Another embodiment of invention is a kind of computer-readable medium of computer program code, described computer program can be performed by processor and comprise following action: operation cellular network base station, and this cellular network base station has the closed subscriber group designator that instruction is closed; And transmission information to user's set with the availability of instruction at the local service area network of the current residing position of user's set.

Another embodiment of invention is a kind of equipment, and this equipment comprises: controller, is configured to operate cellular network base station, and this cellular network base station has the closed subscriber group designator that instruction is closed; And reflector, be configured to send information to user's set with the availability of instruction at the local service area network of the current residing position of user's set.

Another embodiment of invention is a kind of method, the method comprises: receive the information from cellular network base station in user device, this base station has the closed subscriber group signalling indicator that instruction is closed, and the instruction of this information is in the availability of the local service area network of the current residing position of user's set; And the information transmission wanting the operator to local service area network to register indicating user device is to the operator of local service area network.

Another embodiment of invention is a kind of computer-readable medium of computer program code, described computer program can be performed by processor and comprise following action: receive the information from cellular network base station in user device, this base station has the closed subscriber group signalling indicator that instruction is closed, and the instruction of this information is in the availability of the local service area network of the current residing position of user's set; And the information transmission wanting the operator to local service area network to register indicating user device is to the operator of local service area network.

Another embodiment of invention is a kind of equipment, this equipment comprises: receiver, be configured in the information of user device reception from cellular network base station, this base station has the closed subscriber group signalling indicator that instruction is closed, and the instruction of this information is in the availability of the local service area network of the current residing position of user's set; And reflector, the information being configured to be wanted by indicating user device the operator to local service area network to register is sent to the operator of local service area network.

Another embodiment of invention is a kind of method, the method comprises: receive from the request in the message of user's set with registered user's device in the network of local service area at network place, local service area, and wherein this user's set receives information and the information indication network availability received from the base station with the closed subscriber group designator that instruction is closed; And use local data base and the database of cellular network operators that communicates with via door (portal) to carry out authentication of users device.

Another embodiment of invention is a kind of computer-readable medium of computer program code, described computer program can be performed by processor and comprise following action: receive from the request in the message of user's set with registered user's device in the network of local service area at local service area network, and wherein this user's set receives information and the information indication network availability received from the base station with the closed subscriber group designator that instruction is closed; And use local data base and the database of cellular network operators that communicates with via door to carry out authentication of users device.

Another embodiment of invention is a kind of equipment, this equipment comprises: receiver, be configured to receive from the request in the message of user's set with registered user's device in the network of local service area at network place, local service area, wherein this user's set receives information and the information indication network availability received from the base station with the closed subscriber group designator that instruction is closed; And controller, be configured to use local data base and the database of cellular network operators that communicates with via door to carry out authentication of users device.

Accompanying drawing explanation

In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 reproduces Fig. 4 of 3GPP TS36.300 and the general frame of E-UTRAN system is shown.

Fig. 2 is that wherein inventive embodiments can by the example of E-UTRAN/LTE radio system environment advantageously carried out.

Fig. 3 illustrates the simplified block diagram of the various electronic equipments being suitable for carrying out exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 describes the cell type that can be applicable to various LTE this area (local area) situation.

Fig. 5 be description have LTE slightly/retailer of micro-(pico/micro) community provide network design use-case (use case) situation (such as at the mall in) time useful diagram.

Fig. 6 be describe have LTE slightly/campus network of Microcell dispose use-case situation time useful diagram.

Fig. 7,8 and 9 each be the logical flow chart of execution result representing the method and computer program instruction performed by cellular network, user's set and lan controller respectively.

Embodiment

Exemplary embodiment of the present invention is at least in part based on following realization: it is a kind of for making LTE radio and network performance mutually mate and thus improving the emulative best techniques of LTE relative to optional wireless access wide band technology that distributed local ip breakout solves solution.

Exemplary embodiment of the present invention is paid close attention at least in part has the deployment of the internuncial Local Service of end user IP in LPN local packet switched network network, is such as utilizing the deployment in the shopping center of the common cell in PLMN, exhibition center, campus and/or enterprise.

The deployment of local ip breakout solution can utilize CSG principle under some use-case, but first it should provide breaks away from (break free from) long distance carrier wave model and the ability realizing the local call/service of all subscribers in PLMN.This opens new chance to the various use-cases making it possible to implement various business prototype.Therefore, desirably this area situation develops towards " open networking " model, wherein according to use-case, both access Local Service is allowed neatly to public and/or closed group user.

At present, CSG cell/network is a part of certain PLMN by hypothesis, even if they are not parts for macro-layer.As a result, manually select and to the user of CSG cell log in can not be connected to non-control WLAN hot spot with wherein user situation directly compared with.Should some problem be considered in the former case, such as:

(A) fail safe, such as user must be verified, authorize and Roaming agreements must effectively (in order).Such as, the home carrier of user may not reach Roaming agreements with the local operator providing 3G/LTE to access.Connecting user may be foreign users, therefore for anyone provides tax-free call may cause in the worst case losing income from international roaming.

(B) the control problem supporting such as urgent call, location and lawful intercept and so on is needed.

(C) calls/services that user should be initiated by general network when being connected to local network accesses (such as, needing the position in HSS to register, paging during as being in idle pulley).

Based on aforementioned, inventor achieves CSG network and with regard to its essence, is dedicated network and the position that should not be designed to public/open access.Instead, exemplary embodiment of the present invention is provided for effectively the technology of (and simple) management CSG member (such as temporary transient visitor is added to CSG group).By application example embodiment, benefited exemplary CSG use-case includes but not limited to residential quarters (Home NB) and enterprise network (corporate networks such as, using multiple Femto NB to build).

With reference now to Fig. 2, carry out diagram for carrying out the exemplary environments of the embodiment of the present invention.In this illustration, radio system is based on LTE/SAE network element.But the invention described in these examples is not limited to LTE/SAE radio system but also may be implemented within other radio system (such as HSDPA (high-speed downlink packet access), HSUPA (High Speed Uplink Packet access), WIMAX (micro-wave access global inter communication), the Internet HSPA) or in other radio system wherein existing the closed access of some group be applicable to.In addition, invention can be applied to framework (such as, as the 3GPP TS23.401 in July, 2007, V1.1.0, " the 3rd Generat ion Partnership Project not having local breakout; Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects; GPRS enhancements for E-UTRAN access, " in the current SAE framework that describes) or there is the framework of local breakout.

The example radio system of Fig. 2 comprises the service core 100 of operator, it comprises following element: Service Management 102, IMS (IP Multimedia System) 104, MME (Mobility Management Entity) 106, and SAE GW (SAE gateway) 108.

Business between mobile terminal 150,151 (being generally known as user's set or UE) and service core 100 transmits via national IP backbone network 120, local transmission network 130 and local area aggregation (aggregation) network 140.The function of eNB (enhancement mode Node B) the 160-165 trustship provided for radio resources management of radio system: radio bearer controls, Radio Admission controls, and connects mobility and controls, and Dynamic Resource Allocation for Multimedia (scheduling).In other example radio system, any LTE radio access node can replace eNB or be incorporated into exercise with eNB using.As non-limiting example, such LTE radio access node can comprise LTE Femto CPE (such as Femto customer rs premise equipment) and/or LTE picocell.MME106 is responsible for beep-page message to be distributed to eNB160-165.

Current radio net is based on simplicial commutative model.This is embodied in LTE/SAE network by SAE Gw (SAE gateway) 108.All-calls/serve and carry out route via SAE Gw108.Such as, typically guide via the route indicated with dotted line 191 from mobile terminal 150 to the connection of external IP network 110 (such as to the Internet 110).Modification to this has been shown in above-cited Finnish patent application numbers 20075252, which describe and be connected to common IP gateway 170-172 (couple in router) in corporate networks 144 or concrete this area 142 for the local ip breakout from LTE base station 160-165, user access control and SAE Gw108 are retained in the packet core network 100 (this also can be applied to exemplary architecture modification described herein) of LTE/SAE operator simultaneously.It is available that the SAE that Finnish patent application numbers 20075252 hypothesis uses the IP address from SAE Gw108 and is registered to acquiescence carries service, although need not be used for active session.

Mobile terminal 150,151 is configured to: the availability detecting closed subscriber network 144, and this mobile terminal is not the member of the respective user group of this closed subscriber network 144; And if this network is set to, ' open access ' then starts to log in closed subscriber network of network.

Fig. 3 diagram is suitable for the simplified block diagram of the various electronic equipments carrying out exemplary embodiment of the present invention.In figure 3, wireless network 200 is applicable to the communication between UE/ mobile terminal 210 and family Node B220.Network 200 can comprise higher network node 230, such as serves mobile mobility entity/element MME106, SAE GW108, radio network controller RNC or by known other radio controller function of the various terms in different wireless communication system.UE210 comprise data processor (DP) 210A, storage program (PROG) 210C memory (MEM) 210B and be applicable to radio frequency (RF) transceiver 210D, this transceiver 210D is coupled to one or more antenna 210E (is illustrated) to carry out two-way wireless communication by one or more wireless link 240 with family Node B220.UE210 also comprises the graphical display interface 21OF such as computer screen for showing information to the user of equipment 210, as below by detailed description.

The RF transceiver 220D that E-Node B220 also comprises DP220A, stores the MEM220B of PROG220C and be applicable to, this transceiver 220D is coupled to one or more antenna 220E.The E-Node B220 service of can being coupled to via data path 250 (such as, S1 interface) or other GW/MME/RNC230.GW/MME/RNC230 comprises DP230A, store the MEM230B of PROG230C and for the applicable modulator-demodulator that communicated with family Node B220 by link 250 and/or transceiver (not shown).

At least one in PROG210C, 220C and 230C is assumed to be and comprises program command, and this program command makes electronic equipment can operate according to exemplary embodiment of the present invention when being performed by relevant DP, as described in detail later.

PROG210C, 220C and 230C can be implemented (depending on the circumstances) with software, firmware and/or hardware.Generally speaking, exemplary embodiment of the present invention can by be stored in MEM210B and (and similar to other MEM220B and DP220A of the e-Node B12) computer software that can be performed by the DP210A of UE210 or by hardware or by shown equipment arbitrary or all in software and/or the combination of firmware and hardware implement.

Generally speaking, each embodiment of UE210 can include but not limited to mobile radio station/mobile terminal, cell phone, has the personal digital assistant of wireless communication ability (PDA), has the portable computer of wireless communication ability, has the image capture device of wireless communication ability such as digital camera, the game station with wireless communication ability, the music storage with wireless communication ability and playback instrument, allow wireless Internet to access and the portable unit of the internet appliance browsed and the combination that comprises this type of function or terminal.

MEM210B, 220B and 230B can have any type of being suitable for local technical environment and any applicable data storage technology can be used to implement, the memory devices of such as based semiconductor, magnetic storage device and system, optical memory devices and system, read-only storage and removable memory.DP210A, 220A and 230A can be controller and can have any type being suitable for local technical environment, and as non-limiting example, all-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, microprocessor, digital signal processor (DSP) and one or more based in the processor of polycaryon processor mechanism can be comprised.

The broadcast CSG bit of CSG network concept and indicating cell type has obtained various use-cases that are agreed and that realize the addressable dedicated network of closed subscriber group in 3 gpp.But, if for making the new this area situation that can be used for Virtual network operator with enhancement mode business prototype, LTE access supports that various use-case will be favourable.It is desirable that, also by using operator to have and Internet resources managed (comprising public macrocell, Microcell and picocell) and support that its configuration utilizes Local Service in a flexible way.

Exemplary embodiment of the present invention is at least in part based on following prerequisite: except above-mentioned CSG bit, does not have new bit to need to be told to UE210 and control object for mobility in cell system information (CSI).The CCG bit of indicating cell type can be regarded as the designator comprising multiple bit.

According to an aspect of of the present present invention, Fig. 4 describes the cell type that can be applicable to various LTE this areas situation, and illustrates that CSG=pass and CSG=open the difference between (CSG=On).These examples provide under the background of retail patronage Local Service situation (such as at the mall in), but be not obviously intended to only this specific CSG situation.There is provided in this illustration for the login level retail patronage communication common cell (CSG=passs) of (RSC) user such as accessing shopping center, local service=open and access=open and for meeting one or more prerequisite to obtain common cell (CSG=pass), the local service=open and access=close of those certain subscriber of free RSC service.CSG=spending road is suitable for dedicated network, such as home network, enterprise network.

Under those situations of public/open visit and limiting access should be supported in community wherein, desirably these communities can be arranged to public/open visit (CSG=pass) condition by default, and it can provide some Local Services for public or limiting access in addition, such as, subscribe the local IP breakout service of (subscription) and current location based on UE210.

In order to support public Local Service, provide by assisting UE210 to indicate it to move to the ability of Local Service overlay area to UE210 from the NAS signaling of CN to network.This can be implemented such as a part for tracing section updating process or as the free time to a part for activity state transition or as the part switched between eNB (as three non-limiting examples).This feature can be called as simplicity " location Based service from evolution block core triggers ".

As non-limiting example, this feature can be implemented as follows in retail patronage Local Service situation (such as at the mall in):

(A) have the UE210 possessing LTE ability and subscribe and support the cellular carrier of LTE service or subscribe any subscriber of Roaming Partner to make it possible to continue as usual to use public cellular service after moving to local service area.

(B) after (such as, selected by community or by switching) signs in local service area, network 200 sends about the instruction of available Local Service to UE210 signal via downlink signaling.Visitor may manually accept provide to obtain such as retail patronage communication service and obtain advertisement first.When user will visit retail patronage network, user can make it possible to automatically sign in these services in (one or more) UE210 setting menu.If user does not do any action (not making response to providing of the use about Local Service), then user instead continues to use the public cellular service with conventional rate.

For the subscriber meeting specified conditions for those supports senior (premium) Local Service (such as, local ip breakout), following process can be followed in retail patronage network (such as shopping center).Also can reference diagram 5.

(A) subscriber's licensed (or being invited to via grand BS) meeting one or more specified conditions (such as have purchased some commodity or service with certain threshold value) joins retailer as the registered user that local LTE serves and supports in network area.The retailer with home server supports network manager (NA) 270 to safeguard patronage customer data base (DB) 280 (see Fig. 3), it uses subscription data base (DB) 300 exchange message of door 290 and Virtual network operator 200, or the transmission of user's himself has the message (such as SMS message) of given instruction to obtain the local IP access authority that retailer supports UE210 in network area.

(B) configuration data utilizing the given instruction in SMS and/or receive, make user can configuration UE 210 performing automatically (or manually) network entry to local IP breakout service (such as, the local call of cheapness and/or the Direct data access to the LAN/ home server of supporting network manager to run by retailer).In addition, use the more cheap long distance call of the SAE of normal operation business carrying service can support during network area access retailer to become and can realize.

Describe retailer in more detail now and support local network, now described be for have LTE slightly/use-case (see Fig. 5) of the retail patronage network design situation of Microcell.

Retail patronage net definitions:

Retail patronage network is the autonomous networks under the management of single entity, and it is present in shopping center or more specifically in local geographical area such as commercial center, airport or down town.Although network can be managed by single entity, it can be supported by multiple retailer or Local Community.Retail patronage network allows retailer to provide localized communications service to improve its sales volume.This use-case is integrated into local retail patronage network in public cellular mobile network.

Use-case:

(one or more) retail patronage network manager and (one or more) cellular carrier agree to dispose LTE with utilize in local geographical area slight/Microcell provide to public cellular mobile network and retail patronage network access, wherein location-based (such as, in region, in shop) service is for public, accidentally or frequent visit person.

Retail patronage network Nei LTE community is open is used for public visit, and reason is that they are parts of (one or more) operator PLMN.Any user can enjoy normal cellular and enhancement mode localization IMS service in local network covers, and described any user is the subscriber of the subscriber of cellular carrier or the Roaming Partner of cellular carrier.

Location-based (in shop) service costs can be provided to attract more or new client access certain shops and/or to stay the long period in this shop.In addition, those subscribers meeting specified conditions allow when being arranged in retail patronage network's coverage area to use its LTE terminal enjoy comparatively cheap/free local call (equity) and access to local management service with to the high-performance data of the Internet.

Condition in advance:

Utilize retail support the LTE in region slightly/local radio network of Microcell can undertake planning by cellular carrier to provide correct covering, capacity and minimise interference.Local network can use the frequency different from the grand covering (macro overlay) in neighborhood if necessary.In addition, existing grand coverage cell may be used for local IP access.Note, multiple cellular carrier can share the frequency for local retail patronage network.

Due to the LTE in local retail patronage network slightly/access of Microcell is public by acquiescence, in OAM (operation and management), operator in the heart can create the common cell being grouped into its oneself TA.In this case, retailer is allowed to support the resident community in the home network of cellular subscribers frequent in network's coverage area.Note, the radio of TA covers and is preferably limited to retailer and supports region, so that most of normal users is registered as community member and others is accidental or frequent visitor.

Retail patronage network manager and operator's use door 290 exchange has the right to enjoy sales promotion with other benefit such as to enjoy the service that more cheap operator provides and/or the user profile obtaining those subscribers retail being supported to the local IP access (local ip breakout) of network.

Operator can arrange and accept to agreeing to the device of temporary transient local IP access authority that the particular visitors using SMS is such as agreed in advertisement for obtaining.The access rights of authorizing can be different for temporary transient visitor, and such as they can only provide local internet access or local equity calling (and video) to kinsfolk.

Describe:

There is LTE terminal (such as UE210) and subscribe the LTE service run in retail patronage network cellular carrier or subscribe Roaming Partner, any subscriber moved in retail patronage region can continue as usual to use public cellular service.

After (such as, selected or pass through to switch by community) signs in retail patronage network, network sends the instruction about available retail patronage communication service to UE210.Visitor may manually accept provide to obtain retail patronage communication service and agree to receive advertisement first.User can support these services that make it possible to during network automatically sign in in UE setting visiting retail.If user does not do any action, then user in fact simply continues to use the public cellular service with common rate.

The registered user that the subscriber meeting certain or some specified criteria (such as having carried out the purchase exceeding certain currency values) is allowed to serve as local LTE joins retailer and supports in network area.Retailer supports network manager to safeguard patronage customer data base 280 and uses subscription data base 300 exchange message of door 290 and operator, or user sends the message (such as SMS message) with instruction, described instruction is provided to obtain the local IP access authority that retailer supports UE210 in network area.

The configuration data utilizing (such as by SMS) given instruction and/or receive, make user can configuration UE 210 performing automatically (or manually) network entry to local IP breakout service (such as, to obtain the local call of cheapness and retailer to be supported to the Direct data access of network).In addition, the more cheap long distance call using normal SAE to carry service can become and can realize.

Postcondition

Once user utilizes the LTE terminal of user (such as the UE210 of LTE compatibility) and is verified, obtains local ip address and be connected to retailer and support network, make user can have an opportunity to receive the service of supporting network manager and cellular carrier to provide by (one or more) retailer.

Note, support the user rs authentication of network and mandate should be performed as the part of the local aaa server of supporting to retailer in network to the network logon process of local ip breakout to retailer.If local verification failure, then eNB220 stops user to obtain local IP breakout service.When UE210 moves to the switching that can perform macro-layer when retailer supports outside network, and user can perform from retailer support the changable of network from.

Be also noted that, support the control problem of such as urgent call, location and lawful intercept and so on as in general networks situation, it is available that reason is that conventional SAE carrying service always supports the Local Service in network area to walk abreast with retailer.

Retailer supports network area visitor to access (because the position in the core network of HSS and operator is registered always up-to-date) being connected to when retailer supports network the calls/services also can initiated by the general network using SAE to carry service.In addition, user can support the optimum route of local enjoyment in network area and free UE to UE communication service (such as VoIP/ data) retailer.

(such as at the mall in) creates CSG network solution more flexibly to it should be understood that the use of common cell provides than supporting retailer in network area.In addition, if CSG cell will operate on the carrier wave identical with the carrier wave of open to the outside world network, then they may prevent from manually not intervening and just not allow other UE210 accessing CSG cell to use open network service (such as supposing that most of indoor environment has the strong covering of CSG cell and the more weak covering of (one or more) conventional open community) in CSG overlay area.

The use of slightly/Microcell provides the bearer's level solution not having capacity limit.

The subscriber database 300 of operator can be utilized to come auxiliary retailer's sales promotion market and product to improve sales volume.Such as, if certain subscriber belongs to kinsfolk's group of carrying out lower rate cellular call, then retailer supports the local IP access authority in communication service can automatically be given all kinsfolks.

In addition, the use of carrier service may be the motivation using retailer to support communication service.

Many possibility (non-limiting) examples that there is high-performance local data access (local ip breakout) are supported in network scenario retailer.

As an example, fast digital image transfer can occur from LTE terminal (UE210) to obtain printed matter from local photo shop.This can occur in retailer and support any position in network area and not only certain hotspot place.

As another example, user can listen to the music (such as transmitting (being such as limited to) sub-fraction song length by stream) of the database from local music retailer when making the decision buying CD.

As another example, can make user can from the database of local music retailer receive buy song rapid music transfer (download).User/client can make it possible to MP3 or certain other form the content of purchase CD download to UE210, or user/client can buy one or more titles (and reality does not receive CD) of MP3 format simply.

As another example, can make user can make buy DVD or film with the decision using LTE terminal (MP4 etc.) and watch before from the database in local shop, check video clipping (such as, streaming trailer).

As other example, the game (server such as, in identical LAN and one or more parts) that user can be made can to participate in having low latency and/or the webpage that participates in browsing local shop are search for article and comparative price and/or participate in using freely and local internet access fast and/or to participate in and retailer supports the push-to-talk of the least cost of the kinsfolk in network area or video call (direct routing that this locality is optimized) for various purposes.

Note, under the background of LTE/SAE, the enforcement of these exemplary embodiments can relate to and strengthening the software of HSS, MME230, e-NodeB220 and UE210.In addition, the door 290 of exchange message between the customer data base 280 and local service function of the subscription data base 300 of operator, IMS and local management can be provided for.

Exemplary embodiment be described in greater detail in utilize the common cell in PLMN obtain local IP access following two exemplary and in nonrestrictive use-case.

Use-case: have LTE slightly/the campus network deployment scenario (see Fig. 6) of Microcell

Campus network defines:

Campus network is in this case conveniently and not as limiting the autonomous networks be defined as under the management of single entity, and it is present on campus or in local geographical area such as business park, government centers, research center or medical centre.Although network can be managed by single entity, it can be used by different tissues.Campus network can be provided to the access path of more macroreticular such as metropolitan area network or the Internet.This with exemplifying integrated in public cellular mobile network of campus network.

Use-case:

For this example assumes (one or more) campus network keeper and (one or more) cellular carrier agree to dispose LTE with by use the LTE in local geographical area slightly/Microcell provides access to public cellular mobile network and campus network, wherein cheapness/free calling and high-performance local data are accessed and for community member.

Campus area Nei LTE community opens for public visit owing to being a part of (one or more) operator PLMN.Any user can use conventional SAE to carry service in campus area, and described any user is the operation subscriber of cellular carrier or the subscriber of Roaming Partner.The community member of registration can use its LTE terminal to enjoy more cheap long distance call, free local call and the network and accessing to the high-performance data of the Internet of arriving school.

Condition in advance:

Utilize the LTE in campus area slightly/local radio network of Microcell can undertake planning by cellular carrier 200 to provide correct covering, capacity and minimise interference.Local campus network can use the frequency different from the grand covering in same geographical area if necessary.In addition, existing grand coverage cell may be used for local IP access.Multiple cellular carrier can share frequency for local network in the scope of these exemplary embodiments.

Due to the LTE in local campus network slightly/the access acquiescence of Microcell is public, in OAM (operation and management), operator in the heart can create the common cell being grouped into its oneself TA.In this case, the resident community in the home network of cellular subscribers frequent in campus network overlay area is allowed.Note, the radio of TA covers and is preferably limited to campus area, so that most of normal users is registered as community member and others is accidental or frequent visitor.

(one or more) campus network keeper and (one or more) operator adopt door 290 to exchange the user profile of community member and the visitor to community, and described community member and the visitor to community are allowed to use local LTE to access and obtain the local IP access of campus network and enjoy such as more cheap long distance call.

Operator can arrange with by using such as SMS message to obtain temporary transient local IP access authority to the UE210 belonging to visitor.The access rights of authorizing can be different for temporary transient visitor, such as, be limited to and only realize local internet access (and more not cheap long distance call).

Describe:

There is LTE terminal (such as the UE210 of LTE compatibility) and the registered user that the community member of Roaming Partner subscribing cellular carrier or the reservation cellular carrier providing the LTE in campus network serve is allowed to serve as local LTE adds in campus area.Campus network keeper uses door 290 that user is entered in database 280 and enters the subscription data base 300 of operator, or user's himself sends message (such as SMS message), wherein provides instruction to obtain the local IP access authority of UE210 in campus area.

The configuration data utilizing (such as by SMS) given instruction and/or receive, make user can configuration UE 210 performing automatically (or manually) network entry to local IP breakout service (such as, to obtain the local call of cheapness and the Direct data access to campus network).In addition, the more cheap long distance call using normal SAE to carry service can become and can realize.

Postcondition

Once user utilizes the LTE terminal of user (such as the UE210 of LTE compatibility) and is verified, obtains local ip address and be connected to campus network, make user can have an opportunity to receive the service provided by (one or more) campus network keeper and cellular carrier.

Note, the user rs authentication of network of arriving school and authorizing should be performed as to the local aaa server in campus network to a part for the network logon process of local ip breakout.If local verification failure, then eNB220 stops user to obtain local IP breakout service.The switching of macro-layer can be performed when UE210 moves to outside campus network, and user can perform from the changable of campus network from.

Note, support the control problem of such as urgent call, location and lawful intercept and so on as in general networks situation, reason is that conventional SAE carries service and always walks abreast available with the Local Service in campus network region.

The calls/services that community member also can be initiated by the general network using SAE to carry service when being connected to campus network is accessed (because the position in the core network of HSS and operator is registered always up-to-date).In addition, user locally in campus area can enjoy optimum route and free UE to UE communication service (such as VoIP/ data).

Because the most of users in campus area are registered as community member, so they can benefit from the high e2e performance in local IP access, even if LTE community is shared by the normal subscriber of the part as PLMN.

Use-case: exhibition center (Fair Center) deployment scenario with LTE picocell

Use-case:

Exhibition center organizer and Virtual network operator agree to that disposing LTE provides Internet service and cheap/free calling to utilize the picocell/eNB of the LTE in exhibition center region to visitor.The service provided via these LTE picocells can be different from the service provided via the grand network coverage, and price also can be different.Thus and in order to provide the performance of enhancing, LTE picocell in the network of exhibition transaction (fair trade) can operate with limited access, wherein on exibition heart areas adjacent and proper network subscriber in the covering puting on display region authorize without exhibition organizer/LTE operator and user interactions can not join closed local network.Unwarranted user or those are permitted but the user of the local service not adding or do not want to add in exhibition region is caught can continue normally to use the public service covered from grand (such as LTE cellular network).Only those have been authorized to permit and have wished that the visitor added is caught to consume the Local Service in exhibition center region.Note, exhibition center can be associated with the rally of any type, comprises meeting, seminar, promotional event, user organize meeting etc.

Condition in advance:

The local radio network of the LTE picocell in exhibition center region is utilized to be planned to provide correct covering and capacity and not disturb grand covering, and if the frequency different from grand covering can be used if required.Local network can be according to circumstances permanent or temporary transient facility.

Owing to being limited to the access of the LTE picocell in local exhibition center network acquiescence, in OAM, operator in the heart can create the common cell that CSG network or establishment are grouped into oneself TA.In the latter cases, community forbids that (barred) state is set to out to avoid the resident community in the home network of normal subscriber.Note in this, the radio of local network covers and is typically limited to Venue or exclosure not open to the public, thus restriction may attempt the quantity of the normal subscriber residing in community, this area.

Suppose that exhibition organizer/operator is the tentative user identifier that visitor enters exhibition center network creation requirement.Information for obtaining tentative user identifier can be printed on admission ticket or other is given the material of visitor.Operator can arrange for the device such as by using SMS message to obtain the temporary transient local IP access authority to UE210.

Describe:

When puting on display open, be ready that those visitors of the local LTE service of consuming exhibition organizer and Virtual network operator send message such as SMS message to obtain the temporary transient local IP access authority of the UE210 of visitor via macrocell according to the instruction provided.Now, the member or be added to that user becomes CSG group forbid in community allow UE list.After this, user manually can select local exhibition center network to consume the localized LTE service in exhibition center region.Discussed above with fail safe, to switch etc. that relevant various problems are same is applied to this specific use-case.

Note, local exhibition center network can be in the frequency identical or different with grand overlay network.Also it should be noted that this use-case can be supported when not introducing the concept of CSG or class CSG, because only need the problem solved to be how best tentative user is added in CSG group or the UE allowed is added to forbid in community.

As can understand, the advantage produced by using these exemplary embodiments is to apply the mobility management mechanism that is pre-existing in thus realizes various new use-case and business case with standardization effort minimum in 3GPP.

Based on aforementioned, be understood that exemplary embodiment of the present invention is provided for the method for community, device and (one or more) computer program provided to UE210 in access localized geographic area, described localized geographic area is included in the region served by the macrocell of cellular network operators.

With reference to figure 7, operation that method comprises (block 7A) have cellular network base station that closed subscriber group signaling bit closes and (block 7B) transmission information to UE with notify UE current at UE residing for the availability of local service area network of position.

In the method for earlier paragraphs, wherein transmission information uses tracing section updating process to UE, occurs as in the part of free time to activity state transition process or the part as switchover procedure between base station.

In the method for earlier paragraphs, wherein local service area network to UE provide at least IP outlet services to obtain data from the home server of local service area network or to send data to the home server of local service area network.

In the method for earlier paragraphs, wherein local service area network to UE provide at least I P outlet services with from obtaining data by the accessibility remote server in the Internet or sending data to by the accessibility remote server in the Internet.

In the method for earlier paragraphs, wherein local service area network provides the call service being at least reduced to this to UE.

In the method for earlier paragraphs, wherein the base station of local service area network uses the carrier frequency identical with cellular network base station.

In the method for earlier paragraphs, wherein the base station of local service area network uses the carrier frequency different from cellular network base station.

In the method for earlier paragraphs, wherein the operator of local service area network receives from UE and indicates UE to wish the message registered to the operator of local service area network.

In the method for earlier paragraphs, wherein the operator of local service area network use local data base in response to receipt message and the database of cellular network operators that communicates with via door to verify UE.

And according to these embodiments and with reference to figure 8, method comprises: (block 8A) receives the information from having the cellular network base station that closed subscriber group signalling indicator closes at UE place, and this message notice UE is in the availability of the local service area network of the current residing position of UE; And (block 8B) will be used to indicate information transmission that UE wants the operator to local service area network the to register operator to local service area network.

In the method for earlier paragraphs, wherein occur in one of following period in UE place reception information: tracing section updating process, as the part of free time to activity state transition process, or as the part of switchover procedure between base station.

In the method for earlier paragraphs, wherein local service area network to UE provide at least IP outlet services with from obtaining data by the accessibility remote server in the Internet or sending data to by the accessibility remote server in the Internet.

In the method for earlier paragraphs, wherein user's set operates with the base station of the local service area network of cellular network base station same carrier frequencies by using.

In the method for earlier paragraphs, wherein user's set operates with the base station of the local service area network of cellular network base station different carrier frequencies by using.

In the method for earlier paragraphs, wherein information uses SMS message and is transferred to the operator of local service area network.

And according to these embodiments and with reference to figure 9, method comprises: (block 9A) receives from the request in the message of UE at network place, local service area with registered UE in local service area; And (block 9B) use local data base and the database of cellular network operators that communicates with via door to verify UE.

In the method for earlier paragraphs, wherein this request is received with SMS message.

Each block shown in Fig. 7,8 and 9 can be regarded as method step and/or be considered as the operation produced by the operation of computer program code and/or the multiple coupled logic circuit elements being considered as being configured to enforcement (one or more) correlation function.Therefore provide various device to complete each method step.

Generally speaking, each exemplary embodiment can be implemented with hardware or special circuit, software, logic or its any combination.Such as, some aspects can be implemented with hardware, and other side can be implemented with firmware or software, and this firmware or software can be performed by controller, microprocessor or other computing equipment, although invention is not limited thereto.Although the various aspects of exemplary embodiment of the present invention and can be described as block diagram, flow chart or use some other diagram to come diagram and description by diagram, understanding these blocks described herein, equipment, system, technology or method very well can implement using (as non-limiting example) hardware, software, firmware, special circuit or logic, common hardware or controller or other computer equipment or its certain combination.

Like this, be understood that at least some aspect of the exemplary embodiment of invention can be implemented in the various parts of such as integrated circuit (IC) chip and module and so on.

When read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in view of description above, those skilled in the relevant art can obviously to various amendment and the adaptation of exemplary embodiment of the present invention.But any and all modifications will fall in the scope of non-limiting, exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Such as, although major part describes exemplary embodiment under the background of E-UTRAN (UTRAN-LTE) system above, but be understood that: use together with the wireless communication system that exemplary embodiment of the present invention is not limited to only particular type a kind of with this, and they can be advantageously used in other wireless communication system.

It should be noted that term " connection ", " coupling " or its any modification mean between two or more elements or direct or indirect any connection or coupling and can be encompassed between two elements being " connected " or " coupled " together to there is one or more intermediary element.Coupling between element or connect can be physics, logic or its combination.As employed herein, as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive example, two elements can be considered to by using one or more electric wire, cable and/or printing electrical connection and " connection " or " coupling " together by using the electromagnetic energy electromagnetic energy of microwave region and the wavelength in optics (visible ray and invisible light) region (such as have in radio frequency region).

And each some features that are non-limiting, exemplary embodiment of the present invention can be advantageously used and not have the correspondence of further feature to use.Like this, description above should be regarded as merely and illustrate that principle of the present invention, instruction and exemplary embodiment are not intended to limit.

Claims

1., for providing a method for local network access service to user's set, comprising:

Operation cellular network base station, this cellular network base station has the closed subscriber group designator of this cellular network base station that instruction is closed; And

From described cellular network base-station transmission information to user's set with the availability of instruction at the local service area network of the current residing position of user's set.

2. the process of claim 1 wherein transmission information to user's set use below one of and occur:

(a) tracing section updating process,

B () free time arrives activity state transition process, or

(c) switchover procedure between base station.

3. method according to claim 1, wherein local service area network provide for user's set for obtain data from the home server of local service area network or send data to local service area network home server Internet protocol outlet services or for user's set for from obtaining data by the accessibility remote server in the Internet or sending data to by least one in the Internet protocol outlet services of the accessibility remote server in the Internet.

4., according to the method for in claim 1-3, wherein operating cellular network base station is with the carrier frequency identical from the base station of local service area network or with the carrier frequency different with the base station of local service area network.

5., according to the method for in claim 1-3, wherein local service area network provides the call service being at least reduced to this to user's set.

6., for providing an equipment for local network access service to user's set, comprising:

Controller, be configured to operate cellular network base station, this cellular network base station has the closed subscriber group designator of this cellular network base station that instruction is closed; And

Reflector, is configured to send information to user's set from described cellular network base station with the availability of instruction at the local service area network of the current residing position of user's set.

7. the equipment of claim 6, wherein reflector uses and one of following send information to user's set:

(a) tracing section updating process,

B () free time arrives activity state transition process, or

(c) switchover procedure between base station.

8. equipment according to claim 6, wherein local service area network provide for user's set for obtain data from the home server of local service area network or send data to local service area network home server Internet protocol outlet services or for user's set for from obtaining data by the accessibility remote server in the Internet or sending data to by least one in the Internet protocol outlet services of the accessibility remote server in the Internet.

9., according to the equipment of one in claim 6-8, its middle controller is with the carrier frequency identical from the base station of local service area network or operate cellular network base station with the carrier frequency different with the base station of local service area network.

10., according to the equipment of one in claim 6-8, wherein local service area network provides the call service being at least reduced to this to user's set.

11. 1 kinds, for providing the method for local network access service to user's set, comprising:

The information from cellular network base station is received in user device, this base station has the closed subscriber group signalling indicator of this cellular network base station that instruction is closed, and the instruction of this information is in the availability of the local service area network of the current residing position of user's set; And

The information transmission being wanted by indicating user device the operator to local service area network to register is to the operator of local service area network.

The method of 12. claims 11, the information that wherein receives occurred in one of following period:

(a) tracing section updating process,

B () free time arrives activity state transition process, or

(c) switchover procedure between base station.

13. methods according to claim 11, wherein local service area network provides at least one Internet protocol outlet services to obtain data from the home server of local service area network or to send data to the home server of local service area network to user's set, or provides at least one Internet protocol outlet services with from obtaining data by the accessibility remote server in the Internet or sending data to by the accessibility remote server in the Internet to user's set.

14. according to the method for in claim 11-13, and wherein local service area network provides the call service being at least reduced to this to user's set.

15. according to the method for in claim 11-13, and wherein user's set operates with having together with the base station of the local service area network of the identical or different carrier wave in cellular network base station.

16. according to the method for in claim 11-13, and wherein information uses short message service message and is transferred to the operator of local service area network.

17. 1 kinds, for providing the equipment of local network access service to user's set, comprising:

Receiver, be configured in the information of user device reception from cellular network base station, this base station has the closed subscriber group signalling indicator of this cellular network base station that instruction is closed, and the instruction of this information is in the availability of the local service area network of the current residing position of user's set; And

Reflector, the information being configured to be wanted by indicating user device the operator to local service area network to register is sent to the operator of local service area network.

The equipment of 18. claims 17, wherein receiver receives information in one of following period:

(a) tracing section updating process,

B () free time arrives activity state transition process, or

(c) switchover procedure between base station.

19. equipment according to claim 17, wherein local service area network provide for user's set for obtain data from the home server of local service area network or send data to local service area network home server Internet protocol outlet services or for user's set for from obtaining data by the accessibility remote server in the Internet or sending data to by least one in the Internet protocol outlet services of the accessibility remote server in the Internet.

20. according to the equipment of one in claim 17-19, and wherein local service area network provides the call service being at least reduced to this to user's set.

21., according to the equipment of one in claim 17-19, also comprise controller, and this controller is configured to operate together with the base station of the local service area network of the identical or different carrier wave in cellular network base station with having.

22. according to the equipment of one in claim 17-19, and wherein reflector sends information with short message service message.

23. 1 kinds, for providing the method for local network access service to user's set, comprising:

Receive at network place, local service area from the request in the message of user's set with registered user's device in the network of local service area, wherein this user's set have received information and the information indication network availability received from the base station of the closed subscriber group designator with the base station that instruction is closed; And

Use local data base and carry out authentication of users device via the database of the cellular network operators of portal communication.

24. the method for claim 23, wherein local service area network provide for user's set for obtain data from the home server of local service area network or send data to local service area network home server Internet protocol outlet services or for user's set for from obtaining data by the accessibility remote server in the Internet or sending data to by least one in the Internet protocol outlet services of the accessibility remote server in the Internet.

25. methods according to claim 23, wherein local service area network provides the call service being at least reduced to this to user's set.

26. according to the method for in claim 23-25, and wherein this request is received with short message service message.

27. 1 kinds, for providing the equipment of local network access service to user's set, comprising:

Receiver, be configured to receive from the request in the message of user's set with registered user's device in the network of local service area at network place, local service area, wherein this user's set have received information and the information indication network availability received from the base station of the closed subscriber group designator with the base station that instruction is closed; And

Controller, is configured to use local data base and carry out authentication of users device via the database of the cellular network operators of portal communication.

28. the equipment of claim 27, wherein local service area network provide for user's set for obtain data from the home server of local service area network or send data to local service area network home server Internet protocol outlet services or for user's set for from obtaining data by the accessibility remote server in the Internet or sending data to by least one in the Internet protocol outlet services of the accessibility remote server in the Internet.

29. equipment according to claim 27, wherein local service area network provides the call service being at least reduced to this to user's set.

30. according to the equipment of one in claim 27-29, and wherein this request is received with short message service message.